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-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
- <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
- <META NAME="Author" CONTENT="James CE Johnson">
- <TITLE>ACE Tutorial 013</TITLE>
-</HEAD>
-<BODY TEXT="#000000" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" LINK="#000FFF" VLINK="#FF0F0F">
-
-<CENTER><B><FONT SIZE=+2>ACE Tutorial 013</FONT></B></CENTER>
-
-<CENTER><B><FONT SIZE=+2>Multiple thread pools</FONT></B></CENTER>
-
-
-<P>
-<HR WIDTH="100%">
-<P>
-I've been trying to justify the chain of tasks by talking about a
-Work object that implements a state machine. The idea is that your
-Work object has to perform a series of discrete steps to complete it's
-function. Traditionally, all of those steps would take place in one
-thread of execution. That thread would probably be one from a Task
-thread pool.
-<P>
-Suppose, however, that some of those steps spend a lot of time waiting
-for disk IO. You could find that all of your thread-pool threads
-are just sitting there waiting for the disk. You might then be
-tempted to increase the thread pool size to get more work through.
-However, if some of the stages are memory intensive, you could run out
-of memory if all of the workers get to that state at the same time.
-<P>
-One solution might be to have different thread pools for each state.
-Each pool could have it's size tuned appropriately for the work that
-would be done there. That's where the chain of Tasks comes in.
- In this tutorial's implementation I've taken the
-easy route and set all of the thread pools to the same size but a more
-realistic solution would be to set each thread pool in the chain to a
-specific size as needed by that state of operation.
-<P>
-There's not much to this header either so I've combined it with the
-cpp file as with task.
-<P>
-<HR WIDTH="100%">
-<PRE>
-#include "ace/Log_Msg.h"
-#include "ace/Synch.h"
-#include "mld.h"
-
-/*
- Our specilized message queue and thread pool will know how to do "work" on
- our Unit_Of_Work baseclass.
- */
-class Unit_Of_Work
-{
-public:
- Unit_Of_Work (void);
-
- virtual ~ Unit_Of_Work (void);
-
- // Display the object instance value
- void who_am_i (void);
-
- // The baseclass can override this to show it's "type name"
- virtual void what_am_i (void);
-
- // This is where you do application level logic. It will be
- // called once for each thread pool it passes through. It
- // would typically implement a state machine and execute a
- // different state on each call.
- virtual int process (void);
-
- // This is called by the last Task in the series (see task.h)
- // in case our process() didn't get through all of it's states.
- virtual int fini (void);
-
-protected:
- ACE_Atomic_Op < ACE_Mutex, int >state_;
- MLD;
-};
-
-/*
- A fairly trivial work derivative that implements an equally trivial state
- machine in process()
- */
-class Work : public Unit_Of_Work
-{
-public:
- Work (void);
-
- Work (int message);
-
- virtual ~ Work (void);
-
- void what_am_i (void);
-
- int process (void);
-
- int fini (void);
-
-protected:
- int message_;
- MLD;
-};
-
-<HR WIDTH="50%">
-
-#include "work.h"
-
-/*
- Initialize the state to zero
- */
-Unit_Of_Work::Unit_Of_Work (void)
-: state_ (0)
-{
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x Unit_Of_Work ctor\n", (void *) this));
-}
-
-Unit_Of_Work::~Unit_Of_Work (void)
-{
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x Unit_Of_Work dtor\n", (void *) this));
-}
-
-/*
- Display our instance value
- */
-void Unit_Of_Work::who_am_i (void)
-{
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x Unit_Of_Work instance\n", (void *) this));
-}
-
-/*
- Dispay our type name
- */
-void Unit_Of_Work::what_am_i (void)
-{
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x I am a Unit_Of_Work object\n", (void *) this));
-}
-
-/*
- Return failure. You should always derive from Unit_Of_Work...
- */
-int Unit_Of_Work::process (void)
-{
- return -1;
-}
-
-/*
- ditto
- */
-int Unit_Of_Work::fini (void)
-{
- return -1;
-}
-
-/*
- Default constructor has no "message number"
- */
-Work::Work (void)
-:message_ (-1)
-{
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x Work ctor\n", (void *) this));
-}
-
-/*
- The useful constructor remembers which message it is and will tell you if
- you ask.
- */
-Work::Work (int message)
-: message_ (message)
-{
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x Work ctor for message %d\n", (void *) this, message_));
-}
-
-Work::~Work (void)
-{
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x Work dtor\n", (void *) this));
-}
-
-/*
- This objects type name is different from the baseclass
- */
-void Work::what_am_i (void)
-{
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x I am a Work object for message %d\n", (void *) this, message_));
-}
-
-/*
- A very simple state machine that just walks through three stages. If it is
- called more than that, it will tell you not to bother.
- */
-int Work::process (void)
-{
- switch (++state_)
- {
- case 1:
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x Stage One\n", (void *) this));
- break;
- case 2:
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x Stage Two\n", (void *) this));
- break;
- case 3:
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x Stage Three\n", (void *) this));
- break;
- default:
- ACE_DEBUG ((LM_DEBUG, "(%P|%t) 0x%x No work to do in state %d\n",
- (void *) this, state_.value ()));
- break;
- }
- return (0);
-}
-
-/*
- If you don't have enough subtasks in the chain then the state machine won't
- progress to the end. The fini() hook will allow us to recover from that by
- executing the remaining states in the final task of the chain.
- */
-int Work::fini (void)
-{
- while (state_.value () < 3)
- {
- if (this->process () == -1)
- {
- ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR, "%p\n", "process"), -1);
- }
- }
- return (0);
-}
-
-</PRE>
-
-<HR WIDTH="100%">
-<P>
-And that is that. For a more complex machine that may want to "jump
-states" you would have to set some "state information" (sorry, bad
-choice of terminology again) so that process() could decide what to do
-at each call. You might also modify Task::svc() so that it will
-respect the return value of process() and do something useful with the
-information.
-<P>
-<HR WIDTH="100%">
-<CENTER>[<A HREF="..">Tutorial Index</A>] [<A HREF="page08.html">Continue
-This Tutorial</A>]</CENTER>
-
-</BODY>
-</HTML>