From 711701c42d16c84440b025ef6488785cbbe0036b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: turkaye Date: Tue, 24 May 2005 04:33:13 +0000 Subject: ChangeLogTag: Mon May 23 23:11:14 2005 Emre Turkay --- ChangeLog | 6 + contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.gcc.post.rules | 47 ++++ contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.gcc.pre.rules | 28 +++ contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.post.rules | 7 + contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.pre.rules | 7 + contrib/utility/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules | 95 +++++++ .../utility/BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules | 35 +++ contrib/utility/BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules | 18 ++ .../utility/BuildRules/Executable.gcc.post.rules | 46 ++++ .../utility/BuildRules/Executable.gcc.pre.rules | 26 ++ .../BuildRules/Executable.generic.post.rules | 55 +++++ .../BuildRules/Executable.generic.pre.rules | 26 ++ contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules | 8 + contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules | 8 + contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.gcc.post.rules | 38 +++ contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.gcc.pre.rules | 22 ++ contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.post.rules | 7 + contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.pre.rules | 7 + contrib/utility/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules | 37 +++ contrib/utility/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules | 13 + contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.gcc.post.rules | 43 ++++ contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.gcc.pre.rules | 26 ++ .../utility/BuildRules/Shared.generic.post.rules | 51 ++++ .../utility/BuildRules/Shared.generic.pre.rules | 26 ++ contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.post.rules | 7 + contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.pre.rules | 7 + contrib/utility/BuildRules/Thoughts | 55 +++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/Build.xhtml | 58 +++++ .../utility/Documentation/CommandLine/News.xhtml | 31 +++ .../Documentation/CommandLine/Terminology.xhtml | 272 +++++++++++++++++++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/Thoughts | 8 + .../utility/Documentation/CommandLine/index.xhtml | 39 +++ .../utility/Documentation/ExH/Compound.hpp.html | 50 ++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/Makefile | 26 ++ .../Documentation/ExH/Example/bad_cast.cpp.html | 63 +++++ .../Documentation/ExH/Example/compound.cpp.html | 153 ++++++++++++ .../Documentation/ExH/Example/hello_world.cpp.html | 152 ++++++++++++ .../ExH/Example/logic_to_system.cpp.html | 69 ++++++ .../ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp.html | 61 +++++ .../Documentation/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp.html | 43 ++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Logic/Makefile | 20 ++ contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Makefile | 16 ++ .../Documentation/ExH/Makefile.documentation | 20 ++ contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/News.xhtml | 47 ++++ .../ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp.html | 64 +++++ .../Documentation/ExH/System/Exception.hpp.html | 32 +++ contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/System/Makefile | 20 ++ contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/index.xhtml | 60 +++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/Hetero/News.xhtml | 31 +++ contrib/utility/Documentation/Hetero/index.xhtml | 62 +++++ .../utility/Documentation/Introspection/News.xhtml | 38 +++ .../Documentation/Introspection/index.xhtml | 42 ++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/Makefile | 16 ++ contrib/utility/Documentation/News.xhtml | 72 ++++++ .../ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp.html | 93 +++++++ .../ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp.html | 82 +++++++ .../Documentation/ReferenceCounting/Makefile | 22 ++ .../Documentation/ReferenceCounting/News.xhtml | 90 +++++++ .../ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp.html | 103 ++++++++ .../ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp.html | 107 ++++++++ .../Documentation/ReferenceCounting/index.xhtml | 50 ++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/ReleaseProcess | 13 + contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/CXX.css | 9 + contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/CXX_Blue.css | 25 ++ contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/Default.css | 45 ++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/Makefile | 16 ++ contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/News.xhtml | 36 +++ .../utility/Documentation/Synch/Policy/Makefile | 20 ++ .../Documentation/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp.html | 59 +++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/index.xhtml | 48 ++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/TODO | 53 ++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/Template.xhtml | 33 +++ .../utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumCount | 95 +++++++ .../utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumCount2 | 17 ++ .../utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumInfo | 45 ++++ contrib/utility/Documentation/index.xhtml | 81 ++++++ .../utility/Example/CommandLine/Foo/command.cpp | 86 +++++++ contrib/utility/Example/CommandLine/Foo/foo.cpp | 183 ++++++++++++++ contrib/utility/Example/ExH/BadCast/Makefile | 24 ++ contrib/utility/Example/ExH/BadCast/bad_cast.cpp | 52 ++++ contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Compound/Makefile | 24 ++ contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp | 142 +++++++++++ contrib/utility/Example/ExH/HelloWorld/Makefile | 24 ++ .../utility/Example/ExH/HelloWorld/hello_world.cpp | 141 +++++++++++ contrib/utility/Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/Makefile | 24 ++ .../Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/logic_to_system.cpp | 58 +++++ contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Makefile | 16 ++ contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Container/Makefile | 24 ++ .../utility/Example/Hetero/Container/container.cpp | 110 +++++++++ contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Makefile | 16 ++ .../Introspection/InheritanceTree/Hierarchy.cpp | 104 ++++++++ .../Introspection/InheritanceTree/Hierarchy.hpp | 61 +++++ .../Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Makefile | 22 ++ .../InheritanceTree/inheritance_tree.cpp | 64 +++++ contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Makefile | 16 ++ .../Example/Introspection/Traversal/Makefile | 22 ++ .../Example/Introspection/Traversal/SyntaxTree.cpp | 119 +++++++++ .../Example/Introspection/Traversal/SyntaxTree.hpp | 95 +++++++ .../Example/Introspection/Traversal/Traversal.cpp | 105 ++++++++ .../Example/Introspection/Traversal/Traversal.hpp | 157 ++++++++++++ .../Example/Introspection/Traversal/driver.cpp | 91 +++++++ contrib/utility/Example/Makefile | 16 ++ contrib/utility/Makefile | 18 ++ contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Compound/Makefile | 24 ++ contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp | 115 +++++++++ contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Converter/Makefile | 24 ++ contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Converter/converter.cpp | 48 ++++ contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/Makefile | 24 ++ contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/inline.cpp | 18 ++ contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/unit.cpp | 8 + .../Test/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException/Makefile | 24 ++ .../DescriptiveException/descriptive_exception.cpp | 108 ++++++++ contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Logic/Makefile | 16 ++ contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Makefile | 16 ++ .../Test/ExH/System/DescriptiveException/Makefile | 24 ++ .../DescriptiveException/descriptive_exception.cpp | 107 ++++++++ contrib/utility/Test/ExH/System/Makefile | 16 ++ contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/Makefile | 24 ++ .../utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/inline.cpp | 18 ++ contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/unit.cpp | 8 + contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Makefile | 16 ++ contrib/utility/Test/Makefile | 18 ++ .../Test/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl/Makefile | 24 ++ .../ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl/default_impl.cpp | 132 ++++++++++ .../utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/Makefile | 24 ++ .../Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/inline.cpp | 16 ++ .../utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/unit.cpp | 8 + .../Test/ReferenceCounting/Interface/Makefile | 24 ++ .../Test/ReferenceCounting/Interface/interface.cpp | 104 ++++++++ contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Makefile | 16 ++ .../Test/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr/Makefile | 24 ++ .../Test/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr/smart_ptr.cpp | 220 +++++++++++++++++ .../Test/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr/Makefile | 24 ++ .../ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr/strict_ptr.cpp | 218 +++++++++++++++++ contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/Makefile | 24 ++ contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/inline.cpp | 18 ++ contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/unit.cpp | 8 + contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Makefile | 16 ++ contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp | 47 ++++ contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Compound.tpp | 71 ++++++ contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp | 24 ++ contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Converter.tpp | 19 ++ contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/ExH.hpp | 22 ++ .../Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp | 63 +++++ .../Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.ipp | 104 ++++++++ .../Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.tpp | 23 ++ contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp | 40 +++ contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.ipp | 20 ++ .../utility/Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.hpp | 26 ++ .../utility/Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.ipp | 18 ++ .../Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp | 63 +++++ .../Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.ipp | 90 +++++++ .../Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.tpp | 23 ++ contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp | 29 +++ contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Container.hpp | 182 ++++++++++++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Shell.hpp | 86 +++++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/TypeList.hpp | 46 ++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/TypedContainer.hpp | 57 +++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Vector.hpp | 47 ++++ .../Utility/Introspection/Introspection.hpp | 14 ++ contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Makefile | 19 ++ contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.cpp | 24 ++ contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.hpp | 47 ++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.ipp | 48 ++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.cpp | 21 ++ contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.hpp | 47 ++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.ipp | 37 +++ contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.tpp | 18 ++ contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.hpp | 104 ++++++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.ipp | 77 ++++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Makefile | 16 ++ .../Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp | 96 ++++++++ .../Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.ipp | 105 ++++++++ .../Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.hpp | 60 +++++ .../Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.ipp | 122 +++++++++ .../Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp | 84 +++++++ .../Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.ipp | 22 ++ .../Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.tpp | 20 ++ .../ReferenceCounting/ReferenceCounting.hpp | 16 ++ .../utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp | 103 ++++++++ .../utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.tpp | 170 +++++++++++++ .../Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp | 108 ++++++++ .../Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.tpp | 167 +++++++++++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp | 54 ++++ contrib/utility/Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.ipp | 20 ++ contrib/utility/Vault/StringConverter.hpp | 27 ++ contrib/utility/Vault/StringConverter.ipp | 18 ++ contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map | 13 + contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map.hpp | 249 +++++++++++++++++++ contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map.tpp | 12 + contrib/utility/Version | 3 + 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contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp create mode 100644 contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.tpp create mode 100644 contrib/utility/Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp create mode 100644 contrib/utility/Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.ipp create mode 100644 contrib/utility/Vault/StringConverter.hpp create mode 100644 contrib/utility/Vault/StringConverter.ipp create mode 100644 contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map create mode 100644 contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map.hpp create mode 100644 contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map.tpp create mode 100644 contrib/utility/Version create mode 100644 contrib/utility/license.html diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog index bfe21d21780..56c85f5a0f6 100644 --- a/ChangeLog +++ b/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,9 @@ +Mon May 23 23:11:14 2005 Emre Turkay + + * contrib/utility/*: + + Added the utility library. + Mon May 23 16:38:13 2005 Steve Huston * examples/Reactor/Proactor/post_completions.cpp: Made use of the diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.gcc.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.gcc.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..11b052d5200 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.gcc.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Archive.gcc.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + + +# +# Note: normally you wouldn't want to change anything below. +# + +FULL_MODULE_PREFIX := $(MODULE_PREFIX)$(module_prefix) +FULL_MODULE_SUFFIX := $(module_suffix)$(MODULE_SUFFIX) +MODULE := $(FULL_MODULE_PREFIX)$(module_base)$(FULL_MODULE_SUFFIX) + +# +# Pattern rules catalog. +# { + +# Defined pattern rule to build .o from .cpp +%.o : %.cpp + $(CXX) $(CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS) $(CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS) -MD -MP -MT $(@:.o=.d) -MF $(@:.o=.d) -c $< -o $@ + +# } + +# Defines the rule to build module from tarnslated c++ translation units. +$(MODULE) : $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) $(translated_units) + $(AR) $(AR_FLAGS) $@ $^ + +# Defines a phony target to clean all what's been generated +.PHONY : clean +clean : + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) + -rm -f $(MODULE) + + +# Include dependencies for c++ translation units. +# @@ empty-check should be done in all cases. +## +ifneq ($(strip $(cxx_translation_units)),) +-include $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) +endif + + +# The following catch-all rule will skip unknown targets +%:: ;@: +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.gcc.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.gcc.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fbeb0329055 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.gcc.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Archive.gcc.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# Forces make to delete targets whos rebuild commands failed but +# updated the target. +.DELETE_ON_ERROR: + +# Empties the suffix list for which old-fassion implicit rules would +# be used. The net effect is that all predefined implicit rules are +# disabled now. +.SUFFIXES: + +CXX ?= g++ +CXX_DEP ?= $(CXX) -M + +CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS := +CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS := -Wall +CXX_LINK_FLAGS := +CXX_LINK_LIBS := + +AR ?= ar +AR_FLAGS := -rc + +MODULE_PREFIX := lib +MODULE_SUFFIX := .a +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ffd1dc833f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Archive.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +$(call include, $(dir $(MAKEFILE))/Archive.gcc.post.rules) +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7547d7176f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Archive.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Archive.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +$(call include, $(dir $(MAKEFILE))/Archive.gcc.pre.rules) +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..32d28e12038 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# basics +# +# + +define set +$(eval $1 := $(strip $2)) +endef + +define get +$(value $(strip $1)) +endef + +define sub +$(shell expr $1 - $2) +endef + +define add +$(shell expr $1 + $2) +endef + +# stack +# +# + +define push +$(eval $1 +=$(strip $2)) +endef + +define pop +$(eval $1 :=$(wordlist 1,$(call sub, $(words $(value $(strip $1))), 1),$(value $(strip $1)))) +endef + +define top +$(word $(words $(value $(strip $1))),$(value $(strip $1))) +endef + +# local +# +# + +define path_to_id +$(subst /,_,$(subst .,_,$(strip $1))) +endef + +MAKEFILE := $(word $(call sub,$(words $(MAKEFILE_LIST)),1),$(MAKEFILE_LIST)) +INCLUSION_ID := $(call path_to_id,$(MAKEFILE)) + +define get_inclusion_id +$(INCLUSION_ID) +endef + +define local_set +$(eval $(strip $(call get_inclusion_id))_$1 := $(strip $2)) +endef + +define local_get +$($(strip $(call get_inclusion_id))_$1) +endef + +define local_origin +$(origin $(strip $(call get_inclusion_id))_$1) +endef + + +define _get_inclusion_count +$(if $(call local_get,INCLUSION_COUNT),$(call local_get,INCLUSION_COUNT),0) +endef + +define _set_inclusion_count +$(call local_set,INCLUSION_COUNT,$1) +endef + +# include +# +# + +define include +$(strip + $(eval $(call push, include_stack, $(MAKEFILE))) \ + $(eval MAKEFILE :=$(strip $1)) \ + $(eval $(call push, inclusion_id_stack, $(INCLUSION_ID))) \ + $(eval $(call _set_inclusion_count,$(call add,$(call _get_inclusion_count),1))) \ + $(eval INCLUSION_ID :=$(INCLUSION_ID)_$(call local_get,INCLUSION_COUNT)_$(call path_to_id,$1)) \ + $(eval include $1) \ + $(eval INCLUSION_ID :=$(call top, inclusion_id_stack)) \ + $(eval $(call pop, inclusion_id_stack)) \ + $(eval MAKEFILE :=$(call top, include_stack)) \ + $(eval $(call pop, include_stack))) +endef +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..33fd0c2942f --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# +# Note: normally you wouldn't want to change anything below. +# + +# +# Pattern rules catalog. +# { + +# Defined pattern rule to build .hpp.html from .hpp +%.html : % + $(DOC) $(DOC_FLAGS) -o $@ $< + +# } + +# The following rule will inhibit treatment of documentation as +# default target. +.PHONY : all +all: ;@: + +.PHONY : documentation +documentation : $(patsubst %,%.html,$(doc_translation_units)) + +# Defines a phony target to clean all what's been generated +.PHONY : clean +clean : + -rm -f $(patsubst %,%.html,$(doc_translation_units)) + +# The following catch-all rule will skip unknown targets +%:: ;@: +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..33161d03d40 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# Forces make to delete targets whos rebuild commands failed but +# updated the target. +.DELETE_ON_ERROR: + +# Empties the suffix list for which old-fassion implicit rules would +# be used. The net effect is that all predefined implicit rules are +# disabled now. +.SUFFIXES: + +DOC ?= cpp_to_html +CXX_FLAGS := + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.gcc.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.gcc.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6587cbf0757 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.gcc.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Executable.gcc.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# +# Note: normally you wouldn't want to change anything below. +# + +FULL_MODULE_PREFIX := $(MODULE_PREFIX)$(module_prefix) +FULL_MODULE_SUFFIX := $(module_suffix)$(MODULE_SUFFIX) +MODULE := $(FULL_MODULE_PREFIX)$(module_base)$(FULL_MODULE_SUFFIX) + +# +# Pattern rules catalog. +# { + +# Defined pattern rule to build .o from .cpp +%.o : %.cpp + $(CXX) $(CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS) $(CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS) -MD -MP -MT $(@:.o=.d) -MF $(@:.o=.d) -c $< -o $@ + +# } + +# Defines the rule to build module from tarnslated c++ translation units. +$(MODULE) : $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) $(translated_units) + $(CXX) $(CXX_LINK_FLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(CXX_LINK_LIBS) + +# Defines a phony target to clean all what's been generated +.PHONY : clean +clean : + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) + -rm -f $(MODULE) + + +# Define a phony target to invoke the test driver. +.PHONY : test +test : $(MODULE) + ./$(MODULE) + +# Include dependencies for c++ translation units. +-include $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) + +# The following catch-all rule will skip unknown targets +%:: ;@: +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.gcc.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.gcc.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f7a0798c824 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.gcc.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Executable.gcc.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# Forces make to delete targets whos rebuild commands failed but +# updated the target. +.DELETE_ON_ERROR: + +# Empties the suffix list for which old-fassion implicit rules would +# be used. The net effect is that all predefined implicit rules are +# disabled now. +.SUFFIXES: + +CXX ?= g++ + +CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS := +CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS := -Wall +CXX_LINK_FLAGS := +CXX_LINK_LIBS := + + +MODULE_PREFIX := +MODULE_SUFFIX := + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.generic.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.generic.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..26fa9b3b515 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.generic.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Executable.generic.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# +# Note: normally you wouldn't want to change anything below. +# + +FULL_MODULE_PREFIX := $(MODULE_PREFIX)$(module_prefix) +FULL_MODULE_SUFFIX := $(module_suffix)$(MODULE_SUFFIX) +MODULE := $(FULL_MODULE_PREFIX)$(module_base)$(FULL_MODULE_SUFFIX) + +# +# Pattern rules catalog. +# { + +# Defines pattern rule to build .d from .cpp +%.d: %.cpp + set -e; $(CXX_DEP) $(CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS) $< \ + | sed 's/\($*\)\.o[ :]*/\1.o $@ : /g' > $@; \ + [ -s $@ ] || rm -f $@ + + + +# Defined pattern rule to build .o from .cpp +%.o : %.cpp + $(CXX) $(CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS) $(CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS) -c $< -o $@ + +# } + +# Defines the rule to build module from tarnslated c++ translation units. +$(MODULE) : $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) + $(CXX) $(CXX_LINK_FLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(CXX_LINK_LIBS) + +# Defines a phony target to clean all what's been generated +.PHONY : clean +clean : + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) + -rm -f $(MODULE) + + +# Define a phony target to invoke the test driver. +.PHONY : test +test : $(MODULE) + ./$(MODULE) + +# Include dependencies for c++ translation units. +# Optimization: if we are cleaning there is no reason to calculate +# dependencies because they will be removed a second later. +ifneq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),clean) + include $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) +endif +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.generic.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.generic.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..995dabeebda --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.generic.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Executable.generic.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# Forces make to delete targets whos rebuild commands failed but +# updated the target. +.DELETE_ON_ERROR: + +# Empties the suffix list for which old-fassion implicit rules would +# be used. The net effect is that all predefined implicit rules are +# disabled now. +.SUFFIXES: + +CXX ?= g++ +CXX_DEP ?= $(CXX) -M + +CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS := +CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS := -Wall +CXX_LINK_FLAGS := +CXX_LINK_LIBS := + + +MODULE_PREFIX := +MODULE_SUFFIX := +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..da146baf162 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Executable.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +$(call include, $(dir $(MAKEFILE))/Executable.gcc.post.rules) + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..10a1796450b --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +$(call include, $(dir $(MAKEFILE))/Executable.gcc.pre.rules) + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.gcc.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.gcc.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a58c2369435 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.gcc.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Object.gcc.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + + +# +# Note: normally you wouldn't want to change anything below. +# + +# +# Pattern rules catalog. +# { + +# Defined pattern rule to build .o from .cpp +%.o : %.cpp + $(CXX) $(CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS) $(CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS) -MD -MP -MT $(@:.o=.d) -MF $(@:.o=.d) -c $< -o $@ + +# } + +# Defines the rule to build object files from c++ translation units. +.PHONY : object +object : $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) + +# Defines a phony target to clean all that's been generated +.PHONY : clean +clean : + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) + + +# Include dependencies for c++ translation units. +-include $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) + + +# The following catch-all rule will skip unknown targets +%:: ;@: +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.gcc.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.gcc.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8b8d5527abd --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.gcc.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Object.gcc.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# Forces make to delete targets whos rebuild commands failed but +# updated the target. +.DELETE_ON_ERROR: + +# Empties the suffix list for which old-fassion implicit rules would +# be used. The net effect is that all predefined implicit rules are +# disabled now. +.SUFFIXES: + +CXX ?= g++ +CXX_DEP ?= $(CXX) -M + +CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS := +CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS := -Wall +CXX_LINK_FLAGS := +CXX_LINK_LIBS := +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..383f759a25a --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Object.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +$(call include, $(dir $(MAKEFILE))/Object.gcc.post.rules) +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..54c75e0643d --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Object.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Object.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +$(call include, $(dir $(MAKEFILE))/Object.gcc.pre.rules) +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e842f0f4b67 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +.PHONY: $(target_directory_list) $(target_makefile_list) + +_submodules:: $(target_directory_list) $(target_makefile_list) + +ifneq ($(strip $(target_directory_list)),) +$(target_directory_list): + $(MAKE) -C $@ -f $(default_makefile_name) $(MAKECMDGOALS) +endif + +ifneq ($(strip $(target_makefile_list)),) +$(target_makefile_list): + $(MAKE) --no-print-directory -f $@ $(MAKECMDGOALS) +endif + +# These rules keep make from trying to use the match-anything rule below to +# rebuild the makefiles. +# +ifneq ($(strip $(default_makefile_name)),) +$(default_makefile_name) : ; +endif + +%.mk :: ; +%.rules :: ; + + +# Anything we don't know how to build will use this rule. The command is a +# do-nothing command, but the prerequisites ensure that the appropriate +# recursive invocations of make will occur. +# +% :: $(target_directory_list) $(target_makefile_list) ; + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1f03311fbc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +.SUFFIXES: + +.PHONY: _submodules + +_submodules:: + +default_makefile_name := Makefile +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.gcc.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.gcc.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..641f79dfc1d --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.gcc.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Shared.gcc.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + + +# +# Note: normally you wouldn't want to change anything below. +# + +FULL_MODULE_PREFIX := $(MODULE_PREFIX)$(module_prefix) +FULL_MODULE_SUFFIX := $(module_suffix)$(MODULE_SUFFIX) +MODULE := $(FULL_MODULE_PREFIX)$(module_base)$(FULL_MODULE_SUFFIX) + +# +# Pattern rules catalog. +# { + +# Defined pattern rule to build .o from .cpp +%.o : %.cpp + $(CXX) $(CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS) $(CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS) -MD -MP -MT $(@:.o=.d) -MF $(@:.o=.d) -c $< -o $@ + +# } + +# Defines the rule to build module from tarnslated c++ translation units. +$(MODULE) : $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) $(translated_units) + $(CXX) $(CXX_LINK_FLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(CXX_LINK_LIBS) + +# Defines a phony target to clean all what's been generated +.PHONY : clean +clean : + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) + -rm -f $(MODULE) + + +# Include dependencies for c++ translation units. +-include $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) + + +# The following catch-all rule will skip unknown targets +%:: ;@: +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.gcc.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.gcc.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d32c42f5260 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.gcc.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Shared.gcc.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# Forces make to delete targets whos rebuild commands failed but +# updated the target. +.DELETE_ON_ERROR: + +# Empties the suffix list for which old-fassion implicit rules would +# be used. The net effect is that all predefined implicit rules are +# disabled now. +.SUFFIXES: + +CXX ?= g++ +CXX_DEP ?= $(CXX) -M + +CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS := +CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS := -fPIC -Wall +CXX_LINK_FLAGS := -shared +CXX_LINK_LIBS := + + +MODULE_PREFIX := lib +MODULE_SUFFIX := .so +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.generic.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.generic.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..19315b5d7ec --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.generic.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Shared.generic.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + + +# +# Note: normally you wouldn't want to change anything below. +# + +FULL_MODULE_PREFIX := $(MODULE_PREFIX)$(module_prefix) +FULL_MODULE_SUFFIX := $(module_suffix)$(MODULE_SUFFIX) +MODULE := $(FULL_MODULE_PREFIX)$(module_base)$(FULL_MODULE_SUFFIX) + +# +# Pattern rules catalog. +# { + +# Defines pattern rule to build .d from .cpp +%.d: %.cpp + set -e; $(CXX_DEP) $(CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS) $< \ + | sed 's/\($*\)\.o[ :]*/\1.o $@ : /g' > $@; \ + [ -s $@ ] || rm -f $@ + + + +# Defined pattern rule to build .o from .cpp +%.o : %.cpp + $(CXX) $(CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS) $(CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS) -c $< -o $@ + +# } + +# Defines the rule to build module from tarnslated c++ translation units. +$(MODULE) : $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) + $(CXX) $(CXX_LINK_FLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(CXX_LINK_LIBS) + +# Defines a phony target to clean all what's been generated +.PHONY : clean +clean : + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.o) + -rm -f $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) + -rm -f $(MODULE) + + +# Include dependencies for c++ translation units. +# Optimization: if we are cleaning there is no reason to calculate +# dependencies because they will be removed a second later. +ifneq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),clean) + include $(cxx_translation_units:.cpp=.d) +endif +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.generic.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.generic.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..77b2a055956 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.generic.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Shared.generic.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +# Forces make to delete targets whos rebuild commands failed but +# updated the target. +.DELETE_ON_ERROR: + +# Empties the suffix list for which old-fassion implicit rules would +# be used. The net effect is that all predefined implicit rules are +# disabled now. +.SUFFIXES: + +CXX ?= g++ + +CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS := +CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS := -fPIC -Wall +CXX_LINK_FLAGS := -shared +CXX_LINK_LIBS := + + +MODULE_PREFIX := lib +MODULE_SUFFIX := .so + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.post.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.post.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1f098c99b7b --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.post.rules @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Shared.post.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +$(call include, $(dir $(MAKEFILE))/Shared.gcc.post.rules) +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.pre.rules b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.pre.rules new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9ebbeb534dd --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Shared.pre.rules @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# file : BuildRules/Shared.pre.rules +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +$(call include, $(dir $(MAKEFILE))/Shared.gcc.pre.rules) +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Thoughts b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Thoughts new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..486a44f108b --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/BuildRules/Thoughts @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + +Makefile variable naming style. + +* Each target is usually invoking one or more commands of the following type: + + (1) translator which translates target's prerequsites to target(s) + + (2) arbitrary command which doesn't create target (aka PHONY targets) + +Examples of type (1) are: + + - translation of c++ source to object code + + - translation of object code to executable/shared + +Examples of type (2) are: + + - test: terget + + - clean: target + + +Some properties of these types of targets: + + (1) - usually implemented as an implicit rule + + - sometimes the same program is used as two separate translators + (e.g. CXX is used as a compiler and as a linker) + + + + (2) - seldom (never?) implemented as an implicit rule + + + +Approach #1 + +For type (1) name is derived from the translator's name e.g. + +CXX_COMPILE_FLAGS +CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS +CXX_LINK_FLAGS +CXX_LINK_LIBS + +CC_ +LD_ + + +For type (2) name is derived from the target's name e.g. + +TEST_FLAGS +CLEAN_FLAGS +INSTALL_FLAGS + +$Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Build.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Build.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..97e759bdeb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Build.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ + + + + + + + + + Building Utility Library + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Introduction

+ +

Utility Library mostly consists of a header-only sub-libraries +(the only exception is Introspection Library) so you don't need to +build anything to start using it. However you may want to build +examples or libraries that require compilation. This section describes +how to do that.

+ +

Prerequisites

+ +

To build libraries or examples you will need GNU make and a C++ +compiler with good support of ISO C++ standard.

+ +

Utility Library building environment requires latest features of +GNU make so you have the following options (in the order of increasing +complexity):

+ +
    +
  • Use GNU make 3.81 or later (not available at the time this is written).
    • +
  • Use GNU make 3.80 with patches for bug +1516 +and +1517. +
    • +
  • Use GNU make from CVS.
    • +
+ + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/News.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/News.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..31738f2150d --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/News.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + + + + + + + + + Command Line Processing Library News + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/Terminology.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/Terminology.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6c250f1fa70 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/Terminology.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ + + + + + + + + + Command Line Processing Model and Terminology + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Introduction

+ +

+Command line is probably the most universal way of passing information from +caller to the program. Concept of a command line is part of most operating +systems and programming languages including C and C++. However model and +terminology for command line processing vary greatly among different +systems.

+ +

+Single UNIX Specification contains + +Utility Argument Syntax Conventions and Guidelines which document basic +terminology for command line processing. Single UNIX Specification model is +a "common denominator" for different UNIX implementations. It is somewhat +minimal and targets system utilities rather than a wide spectrum of +applications. Another de-facto command line processing model is + GNU Standard for Command +Line Interfaces which generally encourages conformance to the Single UNIX +Specification but adds few extensions and uses different terminology.

+ +

+The idea behind this document is to establish terminology and complete model +for command line processing. Terms translation between this document, Single +UNIX Specification and GNU Standard for Command Line Interfaces is provided +in Appendix A.

+ + +

Model and Terminology

+ +

+Command line is an array of character strings and not just +a string with spaces between words as some people tend to think.

+ +

+Each string in a command line array is referred to as argument +. First argument usually contains a string that refers to an executable. +

+ +

+Interpretation of arguments is completely up to a program logic however +conventions exist that vary among different systems. Usually groups of +arguments are translated into a higher-level objects such as commands, +options, and operands. These objects form a model for command line processing. +All of them are defined below.

+ + +

+Command is usually a word, or a single letter that represents +a command to the program logic. Neither Single UNIX Specification nor GNU +Standard for Command Line Interfaces has the notion of a command. Other terms +for command include action and function. Command is usually +(but not necessarily) the first argument after executable name. Here are few +examples:

+ +

tar x

+ +

+Here we have a one letter command 'x' (extract). In GNU tar +manual it is called functional letter.

+ +

tar xvf

+ +

+Here we have three commands encoded as a single letter each. Actually +semantically only 'x' is a command while 'v' +(verbose) and 'f' (read from a file) are options.

+ +

openssl req

+ +

+Here we have a word command 'req' (operations with certificate +requests).

+ +

cvs checkout foo

+ +

+Here we have a word command 'checkout' and command operand +foo.

+ + +

tar --help

+ +

+Even though '--help' is usually considered to be an option +semantically it is a command.

+ + +

+Option consists of option name and optionally +one or more option values. Options are usually optional. +Non-optional options are usually better represented by commands or operands. +

+ +

Option name usually takes up one argument. Option names usually start with +a prefix (e.g. '--compile-only', '-c' or '/c' +). This helps distinguish them from commands and operands. Option name +may have aliases (e.g. for option name '--output-dir' there could +be an '-o' alias).

+ +

+Option without a value is alway optional and represents an option with implied +binary value (e.g. {0, 1} or {false, true} etc.). Such option is sometimes +called flag.

+ +

+Option can be associated with a program or a command. Thus the concept of +option can be further refined to program option and +command option. Program option alters behavior of the program as a +whole while command option is only affecting particular command.

+ + +

Following are some examples:

+ +

g++ -o hello.o hello.cpp

+ +

+Here we have an option with name '-o' which has a value +'hello.o'. 'hello.cpp' is an operand.

+ + +

ls -l

+ +

Here we have a flag with name '-l'.

+ +

+foo --bar=a,b,c
+foo -b "a,b,c"
+foo /baz a b c +

+ +

+Here we have a more elaborate example of a multi-format option. It has +a name '--bar' and two aliases: '-b' and +'/baz'. It also has three values (in our case they are +'a', 'b', and 'c').

+ +

cvs -z 6 checkout -P foo

+ +

+Here we have a program option with name '-z' and value +'6' (set compression level to be 6). 'checkout' +is a command. -P is a command flag (prune empty directories). +'foo' is a command operand.

+ +

+operand usually represents an input value or a parameter. +Operands can be mandatory or optional. Interpretation of operands is usually +application-specific.

+ +

+Same as with option the concept of operand can be further refined to +program operand and command operand.

+ +

Appendix A: Terms Translation

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
TermSingle UNIX SpecificationGNU
command linecommand linecommand line
argumentargumentargument
command----
option--option
option nameoptionname
option valueoption-argument--
program option----
command option----
operandoperandargument
program operand----
command operand----
+ + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/Thoughts b/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/Thoughts new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a10675f5945 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/Thoughts @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +@@ I should not assume that Utility::CommandLine is the only mechanism + used to parse command line. Application developer may be using + different components that employ different command line parsers. + Thus it seem to me that I should use argv/argc as input/output + format. + +$Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/index.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/index.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7caf91689aa --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/CommandLine/index.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ + + + + + + + + + Command Line Processing Library + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Introduction

+ +

+Command Line Processing library is in early development stage. You may want +to take a look at Command Line Processing Model +and Terminology page. +

+ + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Compound.hpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Compound.hpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b8996f89552 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Compound.hpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + +Compound.hpp + + +
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    template <typename Type, typename Base>
+    class Compound : public virtual Base
+    {
+    public:
+      explicit
+      Compound (char const* description) throw ();
+
+      explicit
+      Compound (std::string const& description) throw ();
+
+      template <typename T>
+      explicit
+      Compound (T const& description) throw ();
+
+      Compound (Compound const& src) throw ();
+
+      virtual
+      ~Compound () throw ();
+
+    public:
+      Compound&
+      operator= (Compound const& src) throw ();
+
+    protected:
+      Compound () throw ();
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e0188a81fbf --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# file : Documentation/ExH/Example/Makefile +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +root := ../../.. + +include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules) + +vpath %.cpp $(root)/Example/ExH/BadCast +vpath %.cpp $(root)/Example/ExH/Compound +vpath %.cpp $(root)/Example/ExH/HelloWorld +vpath %.cpp $(root)/Example/ExH/LogicToSystem + +doc_translation_units := bad_cast.cpp \ + compound.cpp \ + hello_world.cpp \ + logic_to_system.cpp + +DOC_FLAGS := -css $(root)/Documentation/Style/CXX.css + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules) + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/bad_cast.cpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/bad_cast.cpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ba5044e358a --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/bad_cast.cpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ + + + + +bad_cast.cpp + + +
+// file      : Example/ExH/BadCast/bad_cast.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+
+
+struct A
+{
+  virtual
+  ~A() {}
+};
+
+struct B
+{
+  void
+  foo () {}
+};
+
+void
+foo () throw (Utility::ExH::System::Exception)
+{
+  A a;
+
+  A& ar (a);
+
+  B& br (dynamic_cast<B&> (ar));
+
+  br.foo ();
+}
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    foo ();
+  }
+  catch (Utility::ExH::System::Exception const& ex)
+  {
+    cerr << "Caught Utility::ExH::System::Exception: "
+         << ex.what ()
+         << endl;
+  }
+}
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/compound.cpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/compound.cpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..40ecf71eee9 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/compound.cpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ + + + + +compound.cpp + + +
+// file      : Example/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp"
+
+// Include some helper converters to allow exception initialization
+// with std::ostringstream
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+using std::string;
+using std::ostringstream;
+
+using namespace Utility::ExH;
+
+// Here are our components
+
+class Base
+{
+public:
+
+  //
+  // Exception definitions.
+  //
+
+  // Base logic exception class for component.
+  class Exception_ {};
+  typedef
+  Compound <Exception_, Logic::DescriptiveException>
+  Exception;
+
+  class InvalidArgument_ {};
+  typedef
+  Compound <InvalidArgument_, Exception>
+  InvalidArgument;
+
+  class NotInitialized_ {};
+  typedef
+  Compound <NotInitialized_, Exception>
+  NotInitialized;
+
+public:
+
+  void
+  foo (char const* str) throw (InvalidArgument, NotInitialized)
+  {
+    // This is just an example.
+
+    if (str == 0)
+    {
+      throw InvalidArgument ("Base::foo: first parameter is zero.");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ostringstream ostr;
+      ostr << "Base::foo [this = " << this << "]: object is not initialized.";
+
+      throw NotInitialized (ostr);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  // We don't know what implementation may decide to throw so
+  // we allow to throw System exception and any logic exception
+  // derived from Base::Exception
+  virtual void
+  vfoo () throw (Exception, System::Exception) = 0;
+};
+
+class Derived : public Base
+{
+public:
+
+  // Define some Derived-specific logic exception.
+  class NotImplemented_ {};
+  typedef
+  Compound <NotImplemented_, Exception>
+  NotImplemented;
+
+public:
+  virtual void
+  vfoo () throw (NotImplemented, System::Exception)
+  {
+    std::string str ("Derived::vfoo: not implemented yet.");
+    throw NotImplemented (str);
+  }
+};
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+
+    Derived d;
+    Base* pb (&d);
+
+    // We can use generic handler.
+    try
+    {
+      pb->vfoo ();
+    }
+    catch (Base::Exception const& ex)
+    {
+      cerr << "Caught Base::Exception: " << ex.what () << endl;
+    }
+
+
+    // Or use more precise control.
+    try
+    {
+      pb->foo ("hello");
+    }
+    catch (Base::NotInitialized const& ex)
+    {
+      cerr << "Caught Base::NotInitialized: " << ex.what () << endl;
+    }
+
+    // Or use application-level handler.
+    pb->foo (0);
+
+  }
+  catch (Logic::Exception const& ex)
+  {
+    cerr << "Caught Logic::Exception: " << ex.what () << endl;
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    cerr << "Caught unknown exception using catch-all handler" << endl;
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+}
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/hello_world.cpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/hello_world.cpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3d2497f325e --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/hello_world.cpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ + + + + +hello_world.cpp + + +
+// file      : Example/ExH/HelloWorld/hello_world.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include <cstdlib> // for std::abort ()
+
+#include <string>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp"
+
+using std::cerr;
+using std::cout;
+using std::endl;
+
+using namespace Utility;
+
+class Application
+{
+public:
+  class Exception : public ExH::Logic::Exception {};
+
+  // Hint: you may want to try again...
+  class FeelingDizzy  : public Exception {};
+
+  class InvalidArg : public Exception {};
+
+public:
+  Application () throw (ExH::System::Exception)
+      : // The std::string c-tor may throw any kind of exceptions besides
+        // quite possible std::bad_alloc.
+        greeting_ ("Hello, world!")
+  {
+  }
+
+  Application (char const * greeting) throw (InvalidArg,
+                                             ExH::System::Exception)
+      : greeting_ (greeting == 0 ? "" : greeting)
+  {
+    if (greeting == 0) throw InvalidArg ();
+  }
+
+public:
+
+  void
+  run () throw (FeelingDizzy, ExH::System::Exception)
+  {
+    static unsigned int dizzy_count (0);
+
+    if (dizzy_count++ < 5) throw FeelingDizzy ();
+
+    // The next line can throw full bucket of exceptions
+    // not to mention ios_base::failure.
+    cout << greeting_.c_str () << endl;
+  }
+
+private:
+
+  std::string  greeting_;
+};
+
+
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  // This is a catch-all layer that should be in use only
+  // if we are really in trouble.
+  try
+  {
+    // This is a catch-system layer. Here we will catch exceptions like
+    // bad_alloc, etc. If we get here it means that nobody wanted/managed
+    // to recover from this kind of errors.
+    try
+    {
+      // This is a catch-logic layer. If we get here it usually
+      // indicates an application logic error.
+      try
+      {
+
+        // Ok, here we go about our application logic.
+        try
+        {
+          for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+          {
+            try
+            {
+              Application app ("Hi dude!");
+              app.run ();
+              break;
+            }
+            catch (Application::FeelingDizzy const& )
+            {
+              if (i == 9)
+              {
+                cerr << "Given up!" << endl;
+                return -1;
+              }
+              else
+              {
+                cerr << "Application is feeling dizzy. Trying again..."
+                     << endl;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        catch (Application::InvalidArg const& )
+        {
+          cerr << "Cought Application::InvalidArg : ...hmm... strange!"
+               << endl;
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+      catch (ExH::Logic::Exception const& e)
+      {
+        cerr << "Caught Logic::Exception : " << e.what () << endl;
+        return -1;
+      }
+    }
+    catch (const ExH::System::Exception& e)
+    {
+      cerr << "Caught System::Exception : " << e.what () << endl;
+      return -1;
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+      cerr << "Caught unknown exception using catch-all handler. " << endl;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    // We get here in cases of some hard failure. For example when handling
+    // exception, operator << throws another exception. Usually application
+    // cannot handle such failures itself so we just propagate it futher.
+    std::abort ();
+  }
+}
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/logic_to_system.cpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/logic_to_system.cpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d29794d4c2c --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Example/logic_to_system.cpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ + + + + +logic_to_system.cpp + + +
+// file      : Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/logic_to_system.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+
+
+struct SubsystemA
+{
+  class Exception : public Utility::ExH::Logic::Exception {};
+
+  void
+  foo () throw (Exception)
+  {
+    throw Exception ();
+  }
+};
+
+
+struct SubsystemB
+{
+  void
+  foo () throw (Utility::ExH::System::Exception)
+  {
+    SubsystemA a;
+    a.foo ();
+
+    // Here SubsystemB is using SunsystemA but cannot (forgot, doesnt't
+    // want to, doesn't know how to, etc - pick your favorite) handle
+    // exception thrown by SubsystemA. As a result exception is
+    // 'converted' to System::Exception.
+  }
+};
+
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    SubsystemB b;
+    b.foo ();
+  }
+  catch (Utility::ExH::System::Exception const& ex)
+  {
+    cerr << "Caught Utility::ExH::System::Exception: "
+         << ex.what ()
+         << endl;
+  }
+}
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b54dbd30936 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ + + + + +DescriptiveException.hpp + + +
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace Logic
+    {
+      class DescriptiveException : public virtual Exception
+      {
+      public:
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (char const* description) throw ();
+
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (std::string const& description) throw ();
+
+        template <typename T>
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (T const& description) throw ();
+
+        DescriptiveException (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ();
+
+        virtual
+        ~DescriptiveException () throw ();
+
+        DescriptiveException&
+        operator= (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ();
+
+      protected:
+        DescriptiveException () throw ();
+
+        void
+        init (char const* description) throw ();
+
+      public:
+        virtual char const*
+        what () const throw ();
+
+      private:
+        std::auto_ptr<std::string> description_;
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5b4b56aa46d --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ + + + + +Exception.hpp + + +
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace Logic
+    {
+
+      // Logic::Exception inherits from System::Exception for the
+      // following reason. Semantically for some part of the
+      // system particular instance of Logic::Exception may seem as
+      // opaque System::Exception and the only way to handle it would
+      // be to propagate it further. In other words Logic::Exception
+      // can be seemlesly "converted" to System::Exception if there is
+      // no part of the system interested in handling it.
+      //
+
+      class Exception : public virtual System::Exception
+      {
+      public:
+        virtual
+        ~Exception () throw ();
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Logic/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Logic/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d2d48d406bf --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Logic/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# file : Documentation/ExH/Logic/Makefile +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +root := ../../.. + +include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules) + +vpath %.hpp $(root)/Utility/ExH/Logic + +doc_translation_units := Exception.hpp DescriptiveException.hpp + +DOC_FLAGS := --strip-preprocessor -css $(root)/Documentation/Style/CXX.css + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules) + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c4a5bc5f6c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# file : Documentation/ExH/Makefile +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +root := ../.. + +include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules) + +target_makefile_list := Makefile.documentation +target_directory_list := Logic System Example + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules) +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Makefile.documentation b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Makefile.documentation new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3ebf1511555 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/Makefile.documentation @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# file : Documentation/ExH/Make.doc.mk +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +root := ../.. + +include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules) + +vpath %.hpp $(root)/Utility/ExH + +doc_translation_units := Compound.hpp + +DOC_FLAGS := --strip-preprocessor -css $(root)/Documentation/Style/CXX.css + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules) + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/News.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/News.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b86f821c992 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/News.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ + + + + + + + + + Exception Handling Library News + + + + + + + + + + + + +

1.2.0

+ +
    +
  • + Fixed incorrect initialization of DescriptiveException with + std::ostringstream object. Thanks to Karen Aroutiounov + <karen@ipmce.ru> for reporting this. +
    • +
+ +

1.1.0

+ +
    +
  • New regression test coverage.
    • +
+ + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fb6b35d4143 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ + + + + +DescriptiveException.hpp + + +
+// file      : Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace System
+    {
+      class DescriptiveException : public virtual Exception
+      {
+      public:
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (char const* description) throw ();
+
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (std::string const& description) throw ();
+
+        template <typename T>
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (T const& description) throw ();
+
+        DescriptiveException (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ();
+
+        virtual
+        ~DescriptiveException () throw ();
+
+        DescriptiveException&
+        operator= (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ();
+
+      protected:
+        DescriptiveException () throw ();
+
+        void
+        init (char const* description) throw ();
+
+      public:
+        virtual char const*
+        what () const throw ();
+
+      private:
+
+        static unsigned long const DESCRIPTION_SIZE = 256;
+
+        char description_ [DESCRIPTION_SIZE];
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/System/Exception.hpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/System/Exception.hpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..60d6bd733f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/System/Exception.hpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + + + + +Exception.hpp + + +
+// file      : Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace System
+    {
+      // This is the only way to make predefined exceptions like
+      // std::bad_alloc, etc to appear in the right place of the hierarchy.
+      //
+
+      typedef std::exception Exception;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/System/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/System/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7c7bfbc8e8d --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/System/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# file : Documentation/ExH/System/Makefile +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +root := ../../.. + +include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules) + +vpath %.hpp $(root)/Utility/ExH/System + +doc_translation_units := Exception.hpp DescriptiveException.hpp + +DOC_FLAGS := --strip-preprocessor -css $(root)/Documentation/Style/CXX.css + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules) + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/index.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/index.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c2d40d9fbaa --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ExH/index.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + + + + + + + + + Exception Handling Library + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Introduction

+ +

+Exception Handling library was designed to promote consistent usage of +exceptions and exception handling mechanisms throughout the project. +For a quick overview of the basic idea you may want to look at some +examples.

+ +

Examples

+ + + +

Definitions

+ +

Following are the definitions of the main blocks of the model:

+ + + + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Hetero/News.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Hetero/News.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b99645d704d --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Hetero/News.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + + + + + + + + + Heterogeneous Container Library News + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Hetero/index.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Hetero/index.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d45a7b6e82d --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Hetero/index.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ + + + + + + + + + Heterogeneous Container Library + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Introduction

+ +

Have you ever wanted to write something like this:

+ +
+vector v;
+
+v.push_back (10);
+v.push_back (true);
+v.push_back ("hello");
+
+ +

Or maybe even something like this:

+ +
+template <typename T>
+void print (T const& t)
+{
+  cout << t << endl;
+}
+
+for (vector::const_iterator i = v.begin (); i != v.end (); i++)
+{
+  print (*i);
+}
+
+ +

If so then you may be interested in Heterogeneous Container Library. +It is still in active development but you can take a look for some +examples in Example/Hetero directory.

+ + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Introspection/News.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Introspection/News.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..257c790766c --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Introspection/News.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + + + + + + + + + Introspection Library News + + + + + + + + + + + + +

1.2.2

+
    +
  • + Removed no-throw specification from Introspection::Object::~Object(). +
    • +
+ + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Introspection/index.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Introspection/index.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..462b2c87321 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Introspection/index.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + + + + + + + + + Introspection Library + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Introduction

+ +

+Sometimes there is a need to analyze object's type at runtime. ISO C++ +provides some capabilities for this kind of introspection however they +are limited to basic type information. Such information as type +inheritance graph is not accessible in standard C++. Introspection +Library provides a framework that enables discovery of type structure +at runtime. The library is still in development stage but a few meaningful +examples are available in Example/Introspection directory.

+ + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6a2caae9002 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# file : Documentation/Makefile +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +root := .. + +include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules) + +target_makefile_list := +target_directory_list := ExH ReferenceCounting Synch + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules) +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/News.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/News.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b3ea1389e53 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/News.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ + + + + + + + + + Utility Library News + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Sub-Library News

+ + + +

1.2.2

+
    +
  • Bug fixes in build system.
    • +
+ + +

1.2.1

+
    +
  • + Documentation bug fixes. +
    • +
+ + +

1.2.0

+ + + +

1.1.0

+
    +
  • New directory structure.
    • +
  • New dependency generation mechanism.
    • +
  • Automatic documentation generation (make documentation).
    • +
+ + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..86edcd70ec2 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ + + + + +DefaultImpl.hpp + + +
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    // Default reference counter implementation with parameterised
+    // synchronization policy. It is assumed that none of the SynchPolicy
+    // types throw any logic exceptions. If in fact they do then these
+    // exceptions won't be handled and will be automatically converted
+    // to system exceptions.
+
+    template <typename SynchPolicy = Utility::Synch::Policy::Null>
+    class DefaultImpl : public virtual Interface
+    {
+    public:
+      class InconsistentState_ {};
+      typedef
+      ExH::Compound<InconsistentState_, Exception>
+      InconsistentState;
+
+    public:
+      DefaultImpl () throw (SystemException);
+
+      virtual
+      ~DefaultImpl () throw ();
+
+    public:
+      virtual void
+      add_ref () const throw (Exception, SystemException);
+
+      virtual void
+      remove_ref () const throw ();
+
+      virtual count_t
+      refcount_value () const throw (Exception, SystemException);
+
+    protected:
+      virtual void
+      add_ref_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException);
+
+      virtual bool
+      remove_ref_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException);
+
+      virtual count_t
+      refcount_value_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException);
+
+      typename SynchPolicy::Mutex&
+      lock_i () const throw ();
+
+    protected:
+      typedef
+      typename SynchPolicy::Mutex
+      Mutex_;
+
+      typedef
+      typename SynchPolicy::ReadGuard
+      ReadGuard_;
+
+      typedef
+      typename SynchPolicy::WriteGuard
+      WriteGuard_;
+
+    protected:
+      mutable count_t ref_count_;
+
+    private:
+      mutable Mutex_  lock_;
+
+    private:
+      // Copy semanic is not supported.
+      DefaultImpl (DefaultImpl const&) throw ();
+      DefaultImpl&
+      operator= (DefaultImpl const&) throw ();
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f81c1dc737c --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ + + + + +Interface.hpp + + +
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    // Interface to a reference-countable object. Note that _remove_ref ()
+    // member function has a no-throw semantic. Even though it can lead to
+    // a diagnostic loss it was made no-throw because it has a destructor
+    // semantic.
+
+    class Interface
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef
+      unsigned long
+      count_t;
+
+      typedef
+      ExH::System::Exception
+      SystemException;
+
+      class Exception_ {};
+      typedef
+      ExH::Compound<Exception_, ExH::Logic::DescriptiveException>
+      Exception;
+
+    public:
+      virtual void
+      add_ref () const throw (Exception, SystemException) = 0;
+
+      virtual void
+      remove_ref () const throw () = 0;
+
+      virtual count_t
+      refcount_value () const throw (Exception, SystemException) = 0;
+
+    protected:
+      Interface () throw ();
+
+      virtual
+      ~Interface () throw ();
+
+    protected:
+      virtual void
+      add_ref_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException) = 0;
+
+      virtual bool
+      remove_ref_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException) = 0;
+
+      virtual count_t
+      refcount_value_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException) = 0;
+
+    private:
+      // Copy semanic is not supported.
+      Interface (Interface const&) throw ();
+      Interface&
+      operator= (Interface const&) throw ();
+    };
+
+    template <typename Type>
+    Type*
+    add_ref (Type* ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+  }
+}
+
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3202f185418 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# file : Documentation/ReferenceCounting/Make.doc.mk +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +root := ../.. + +include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules) + +vpath %.hpp $(root)/Utility/ReferenceCounting + +doc_translation_units := DefaultImpl.hpp \ + Interface.hpp \ + SmartPtr.hpp \ + StrictPtr.hpp + +DOC_FLAGS := --strip-preprocessor -css $(root)/Documentation/Style/CXX.css + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules) +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/News.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/News.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..472a97e9e66 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/News.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ + + + + + + + + + Reference Counting Library News + + + + + + + + + + + + +

1.1.0

+ + + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a2ef9342441 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ + + + + +SmartPtr.hpp + + +
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    template <typename T>
+    class SmartPtr
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef
+      T
+      Type;
+
+      class NotInitialized_ {};
+      typedef
+      ExH::Compound<NotInitialized_, ExH::Logic::DescriptiveException>
+      NotInitialized;
+
+    public:
+      // c-tor's
+
+      SmartPtr () throw ();
+      SmartPtr (Type* ptr) throw ();
+      SmartPtr (SmartPtr<Type> const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      template <typename Other>
+      SmartPtr (SmartPtr<Other> const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      // d-tor
+
+      ~SmartPtr () throw ();
+
+      // assignment & copy-assignment operators
+
+      SmartPtr<Type>&
+      operator= (Type* ptr) throw ();
+
+      SmartPtr<Type>&
+      operator= (SmartPtr<Type> const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      template <typename Other>
+      SmartPtr<Type>&
+      operator= (SmartPtr<Other> const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      //conversions
+
+      operator Type* () const throw ();
+
+      // accessors
+
+      Type*
+      operator-> () const throw (NotInitialized);
+
+      Type*
+      in () const throw ();
+
+      Type*
+      retn() throw ();
+
+    private:
+      Type* ptr_;
+    };
+
+    // Specialization of add_ref function for SmartPtr<T>
+    template <typename T>
+    T*
+    add_ref (SmartPtr<T> const& ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+
+    // Dynamic type conversion function for SmartPtr's
+    template <typename D, typename S>
+    D*
+    smart_cast (SmartPtr<S> const& s)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+    // Acquisition function
+    template <typename T>
+    SmartPtr<T>
+    acquire (T* ptr) throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+  }
+}
+
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..13211b6e3c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ + + + + +StrictPtr.hpp + + +
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    template <typename T>
+    class StrictPtr
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef
+      T
+      Type;
+
+      class NotInitialized_ {};
+      typedef
+      ExH::Compound<NotInitialized_, ExH::Logic::DescriptiveException>
+      NotInitialized;
+
+    public:
+      // c-tor's
+
+      StrictPtr () throw ();
+
+      explicit
+      StrictPtr (Type* ptr) throw ();
+
+      StrictPtr (StrictPtr<Type> const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      template <typename Other>
+      StrictPtr (StrictPtr<Other> const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+      // d-tor
+
+      ~StrictPtr () throw ();
+
+      // assignment & copy-assignment operators
+
+      StrictPtr<Type>&
+      operator= (Type* ptr) throw ();
+
+      StrictPtr<Type>&
+      operator= (StrictPtr<Type> const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      template <typename Other>
+      StrictPtr<Type>&
+      operator= (StrictPtr<Other> const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      // conversions
+
+      // Note: implicit conversion (operator Type* ()) is not supported.
+
+      // comparison
+
+      bool
+      operator== (Type* other) const throw ();
+
+      bool
+      operator!= (Type* other) const throw ();
+
+      // accessors
+
+      Type*
+      operator-> () const throw (NotInitialized);
+
+      Type*
+      in () const throw ();
+
+      Type*
+      retn() throw ();
+
+    private:
+      Type* ptr_;
+    };
+
+    // Specialization of add_ref function for StrictPtr<T>
+    template <typename T>
+    T*
+    add_ref (StrictPtr<T> const& ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+    // Dynamic type conversion function for StrictPtr's
+    template <typename D, typename S>
+    StrictPtr<D>
+    strict_cast (StrictPtr<S> const& s)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+  }
+}
+
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/index.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/index.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..43ead969460 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReferenceCounting/index.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + + + + + + Reference Counting Library + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Introduction

+ +

Reference Counting Library provides basic building blocks for +reference-countable objects. Implementation is modeled after CORBA +IDL-to-C++ mapping's reference-countable objects and significantly +extended.

+ + +

Definitions

+ +

Below are the definitions of the key classes:

+ + + + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReleaseProcess b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReleaseProcess new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9b42a762902 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/ReleaseProcess @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +1) go thru '@@' in source code + +2) build & test with g++ and cxx + +3) update news pages + +4) spellcheck/tidy/validate all xhtml files + +5) copy Utility to Utility-x.y.z; make documentation + +6) go manually thru all documentation pages with lynx & gui ua + +$Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/CXX.css b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/CXX.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..49bf0f34e51 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/CXX.css @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +pre { BORDER-RIGHT: gray 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 2pt; BORDER-TOP: gray 1pt solid; DISPLAY: block; PADDING-LEFT: 2pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 32pt; BORDER-LEFT: gray 1pt solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 32pt; PADDING-TOP: 2pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 1pt solid; FONT-FAMILY: "Courier New", Courier, mono; background-color: #EEEEEE; font-size: small} +.keyword { color: #000099} +.identifier { } +.comment { color: #990000} +.special { color: #800040} +.preprocessor { color: #006600} +.string { color: #666666} +.number { color: #666666} +/* $Id$ */ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/CXX_Blue.css b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/CXX_Blue.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..52b58d54119 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/CXX_Blue.css @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +pre { + BORDER-RIGHT: gray 1pt solid; + PADDING-RIGHT: 2pt; + BORDER-TOP: gray 1pt solid; + DISPLAY: block; + PADDING-LEFT: 2pt; + PADDING-BOTTOM: 2pt; + MARGIN-LEFT: 32pt; + BORDER-LEFT: gray 1pt solid; + MARGIN-RIGHT: 32pt; + PADDING-TOP: 2pt; + BORDER-BOTTOM: gray 1pt solid; + FONT-FAMILY: "Courier New", Courier, mono; background-color: #191970; + font-size: small +} + +.keyword { font-weight: bold; color: #afeeee} +.identifier { color: #98fb98 } +.comment { color: #add8e6} +.special { color: #bebebe} +.preprocessor { color: #7fffd4} +.string { color: #87cefa} +.number { color: #bebebe} +.literal { color: #FF0000} +/* $Id$ */ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/Default.css b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/Default.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2c90197f340 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Style/Default.css @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +body { + font-family : sans-serif; + + color : black; + background : white; + + max-width : 40em; + padding : 2em 2em 2em 3em; + margin : 0; +} + +h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { + font-family : sans-serif; + font-weight : 500; +} + +h1 { font-size : 170%; } +h2 { font-size : 145%; } +h3 { font-size : 125%; } +h4 { font-size : 110%; } +h5 { font-size : 106%; } +h6 { font-size : 100%; } + +p.indent { + margin-left : 1.5em; +} + +/* list of links */ + +ul.menu { + list-style-type : none; +} + +ul.menu li { + padding-top : 0.3em; + padding-bottom : 0.3em; +} + +/* */ + +ul.multiline li { + padding-top : 0.4em; + padding-bottom : 0.4em; +} +/* $Id$ */ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a35e28b530d --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# file : Documentation/Synch/Makefile +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +root := ../.. + +include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules) + +target_makefile_list := +target_directory_list := Policy + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules) +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/News.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/News.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f7bf4f01285 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/News.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ + + + + + + + + + Synchronization Library News + + + + + + + + + + + + +

1.1.0

+
    +
  • New regression test coverage.
    • +
+ + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/Policy/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/Policy/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..175d207b06e --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/Policy/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# file : Documentation/Synch/Policy/Makefile +# author : Boris Kolpackov +# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov +# license : http://kolpackov.net/license.html + +root := ../../.. + +include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.pre.rules) + +vpath %.hpp $(root)/Utility/Synch/Policy + +doc_translation_units := Null.hpp + +DOC_FLAGS := --strip-preprocessor -css $(root)/Documentation/Style/CXX.css + +$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Documentation.post.rules) + +# $Id$ diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp.html b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..21173a5951b --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp.html @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ + + + + +Null.hpp + + +
+// file      : Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov <boris@kolpackov.net>
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Synch
+  {
+    namespace Policy
+    {
+
+      class NullMutex
+      {
+      };
+
+      class NullGuard
+      {
+      public:
+        explicit
+        NullGuard (NullMutex&) throw ();
+
+      private:
+        NullGuard (NullGuard const&) throw ();
+
+        NullGuard&
+        operator= (NullGuard const&) throw ();
+      };
+
+      struct Null
+      {
+        typedef
+        NullMutex
+        Mutex;
+
+        typedef
+        NullGuard
+        ReadGuard;
+
+        typedef
+        NullGuard
+        WriteGuard;
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+ + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/index.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/index.xhtml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dd4a685ccc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Synch/index.xhtml @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + + + + + + + + Synchronization Library + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Introduction

+ +

+Synchronization library provides a compile-time policy-based configurable +facility of selecting synchronization mechanisms. For now there is only +no-op synchronization policy provided which is suitable only for +single-threaded applications. However it shouldn't be difficult to provide +a wrapper policy for synchronization mechanisms used in a particular project. +

+ +

Definitions

+

Below are the definitions of the key classes:

+ + + + + + diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/TODO b/contrib/utility/Documentation/TODO new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..984a0cddb56 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/TODO @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ + +New features/changes +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +@@ DefaultImpl<> looks ugly. Is there a way to just write DefaultImpl + (or, perhaps some other name)? Maybe also rename Interface to Object + (will be consistent with Introspection::Object). + +@@ Abort facility + +@@ Maybe rename converter to convert + +@@ Maybe make reference counting object implement Introspection. However it + will introduce inter-library dependency. Nop, this is a bad idea. + +@@ Maybe move .hpp one level up to Utility/. + +@@ Go thru C++Templates chapter on RefCounting and SmartPointers and see if + anything can be applied? + +@@ Examples for many features are missing + +@@ Introspection::TypeInfo should use set instead of vector for bases. + + +Documentation +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +@@ code in 
 does not look nice in lynx (see Hetero/index.html for example)
+
+
+Building environment
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@@ Should probably make lib rules to build library when target is test (try to
+   run 'make clean && make test' from Utility root).
+
+@@ Makefile variable names inconsistency (e.g. cxx_translation_units and CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS)
+
+%% Rename Config to Build or rather BuildRules?
+
+@@ Compiler-specific stuff is left after make clean. Potentially dangerous 
+   idea would be to remove everything except known files
+
+@@ Multi-compiler configuration
+
+@@ Building library with sources in sub-directories.
+
+
+Pre-release fixes
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Template.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Template.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41c9857dabf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Template.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  @@
+
+  
+  
+  
+  
+
+  
+
+
+
+
+
+
@@

+
+
+
+
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumCount b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumCount
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be8b252d4de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumCount
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+From: Gianni Mariani 
+Date: 26 Jul 2003 04:52:43 GMT
+Newsgroups: comp.lang.c++
+Subject: Re: enum count
+
+Clive wrote:
+> If you have an enum, is there any way during execution to find the number of
+> values in the enum?
+> Say I have,
+> 
+> enum great { five, ten, fifteen };
+> 
+> How could I get the number 3 from that?
+> 
+> 
+
+replace the enums with objects that report themselves to a registry.
+
+
+I have done it in the past using a template ...
+
+templace 
+class ExposedEnum : public base
+{
+	public:
+	int	enum_val;	
+	ExposedEnum( int number )
+	  : enum_val( number )
+	{
+		ExposedEnumRegister::Register( *this );
+	}
+
+	ExposedEnum( int number )
+	  : enum_val( ExposedEnumRegister::GetNextNumber() )
+	{
+		ExposedEnumRegister::Register( *this );
+	}
+
+
+
+// some more stuff ...
+
+	operator int () const
+	{
+		return enum_val;
+	}
+
+	explicit ExposedEnum( const ExposedEnum & foo );
+};
+
+
+template 
+class ExposedEnumRegister
+{
+
+	static int GetNextNumber ....
+
+	static void Register ....
+
+	static int Count ....
+
+}
+
+
+Now you can forward declare them...
+
+extern ExposedEnum< great > five;
+
+extern ExposedEnum< great > ten;
+
+extern ExposedEnum< great > fifteen;
+
+
+
+
+In a cpp file you can instantiate them.
+
+ExposedEnum< great > five( 5 );
+
+ExposedEnum< great > ten( 10 );
+
+ExposedEnum< great > fifteen;
+
+
+Now, if you want to know how many you have :
+
+ExposedEnumRegister< great >::Count();
+
+
+
+Disclaimer - it's an outline only, yes it's incomplete.
+
+G
+
+$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumCount2 b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumCount2
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d23e790b6d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumCount2
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+From: Alexander Terekhov 
+Date: Sat, 26 Jul 2003 19:17:52 +0200
+Newsgroups: comp.lang.c++
+Subject: Re: enum count
+
+
+Steve Pinard wrote:
+> 
+> Wouldn't that be nice?  And wouldn't it be nice to be able to get the
+> strings "five", "ten", and "fifteen" too?
+
+http://lcgapp.cern.ch/project/architecture/XTI_accu.pdf
+
+regards,
+alexander.
+
+$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumInfo b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumInfo
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e59a27c0820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/Thoughts/Enum/EnumInfo
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+From: "Klaus Eichner" 
+Date: Sat, 26 Jul 2003 14:53:23 +0100
+Newsgroups: comp.lang.c++
+Subject: Re: enum count
+
+"Clive"  wrote in message
+news:3f21e5cc$0$23611$5a62ac22@freenews.iinet.net.au...
+> If you have an enum, is there any way during execution to find the number
+of
+> values in the enum?
+> Say I have,
+>
+> enum great { five, ten, fifteen };
+>
+> How could I get the number 3 from that?
+
+You could get the number 3 from 'great' with your own, user-defined
+'Enum_Info' template:
+
+cout << "The number of values in enum great is "
+       << Enum_Info::number_of_elements
+       << endl;
+
+The 'Enum_Info' template is defined as follows.
+Suppose you have the following enums:
+
+enum great { five, ten, fifteen };
+enum greater { none, one, fourtytwo, fourtythree, fourtyfour };
+enum even_greater { minusone, minustwo, minusthree, minusfour, minusfive,
+minussix, minusseven };
+
+You could build a template class 'Enum_Info' which uses specialisation to
+register the number of elements in each enum
+
+template  class Enum_Info { };
+template <> class Enum_Info { static const int number_of_elements =
+3; };
+template <> class Enum_Info { static const int number_of_elements =
+5; };
+template <> class Enum_Info { static const int
+number_of_elements = 7; };
+
+
+
+$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Documentation/index.xhtml b/contrib/utility/Documentation/index.xhtml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..87e82d228dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Documentation/index.xhtml
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  Utility Library
+
+  
+  
+  
+  
+
+  
+
+
+
+
+
+
Introduction

+

+Utility library is a place for generic C++ facilities that I found useful
+in more than one project.
+
+Here you can download the
+
+latest version.
+
+Utility library is a
+
+non-copylefted free software with zlib-like
+license.
+
+For changes and new features check out News section.
+

+
+
Supported Platforms

+
+

+For the time being I test Utility library with at least GNU G++ on Linux and
+Compaq (Digital) C++ (-std strict_ansi) on Tru64 UNIX. It also should compile
+and work fine with any decent C++ compiler. Also note that I don't have any
+plans to bloat source code in attempt to support broken compilers.

+
+
Building

+
+

+Utility library mostly consists of header-only sub-libraries so you don't
+actually need to build anything to start using it. See 
+Building Utility Library section for more information.

+
+
Content

+
+
Utility Library consists of the following sub-libraries:

+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/CommandLine/Foo/command.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/CommandLine/Foo/command.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..50b78a15350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/CommandLine/Foo/command.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include 
+#include 
+
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+
+class Command
+{
+public:
+  enum Value
+  {
+    HELP = 0,
+    VERSION,
+    DEFAULT
+  };
+
+  Command (Value v = Command::DEFAULT)
+      : v_ (v)
+  {
+  }
+
+  operator Value () const
+  {
+    return v_;
+  }
+
+  friend std::ostream&
+  operator<< (std::ostream& os, Command c);
+
+  friend std::istream&
+  operator>> (std::istream& is, Command& c);
+
+private:
+  Value v_;
+  static char* labels_[];
+};
+
+char* Command::labels_[] = {"help", "version", "default"};
+
+
+std::ostream&
+operator<< (std::ostream& os, Command c)
+{
+  return os << Command::labels_[c.v_];
+}
+
+std::istream&
+operator>> (std::istream& is, Command& c)
+{
+  std::string s;
+  is >> s;
+  if (is)
+  {
+    if (s == Command::labels_[Command::HELP]) c.v_ = Command::HELP;
+    else if (s == Command::labels_[Command::VERSION]) c.v_ = Command::VERSION;
+    else is.setstate (std::ios::failbit);
+  }
+  return is;
+}
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  Command c = Command::HELP;
+
+  c = Command::DEFAULT;
+
+  Command c1 (Command::HELP);
+
+  c = c1;
+
+  cerr << c << endl;
+
+  switch (c)
+  {
+  case Command::HELP:
+    {
+      cerr << "iiihuuu!!!" << endl;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::cin >> c1;
+  if (std::cin) cerr << c1 << endl;
+  else cerr << "*failed" << endl;
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/CommandLine/Foo/foo.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/CommandLine/Foo/foo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a389f8d822a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/CommandLine/Foo/foo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+
+namespace CommandLine
+{
+  struct Parser
+  {
+  };
+}
+
+using std::string;
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+
+using namespace CommandLine;
+
+class Command
+{
+public:
+  enum Value
+  {
+    HELP,
+    VERSION,
+    DEFAULT
+  };
+
+  Command (Value v = Command::DEFAULT)
+      : v_ (v)
+  {
+  }
+
+  operator Value () const
+  {
+    return v_;
+  }
+
+private:
+  Value v_;
+};
+
+
+int
+version ();
+
+int
+help (int argc, char* argv[]);
+
+int
+main (int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+
+  // Step 1: determine command
+  //
+  // * there is usually one command
+  // * command can be optional
+  // * command usually takes up one argument
+  //
+
+  CommandParser cp;
+
+  switch (cp.parse (argc, argv))
+  {
+  case Command::VERSION:
+    {
+      return version ();
+    }
+  case Command::HELP:
+    {
+      return help (argc, argv);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 2: parse options
+  //
+  // * options are usually optional
+  // * options are usually position-independant
+  // * options usually do not repeat
+  // * options can take up more than one argument
+  //
+
+  OptionMap om;
+
+  CompositeParser op;
+
+  op.add (OptionParser ("string", "--string", "-s"));
+  op.add (OptionParser ("number", "--number", "-n"));
+
+  while (argc != 1 && !op.empty ())
+  {
+    om.insert (op.parse (argc, argv));
+  }
+
+  // Step 3: parse operands
+  //
+  // * operands usually position-dependant
+  // * operand usually take up one argument
+  //
+
+  OperandParser odp;
+
+  string str = odp.parse (argc, argv);
+
+  unsigned long num = 0;
+
+  if (argc != 1)
+  {
+    OperandParser op;
+    num = op.parse (argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  string s = om.count ("string") ? om["string"] : "default";
+  unsigned long l = om["number"];
+
+  // om.at ()
+  // om.get ()
+  // om.resolve ()
+  // om.option ()
+  // om.value ()
+
+  cerr << "opreation settings are:" << endl << endl
+       << "option string  : " << om.get ("string", "default") << endl
+       << "option number  : " << om.get ("number", 10UL) << endl
+       << "operand string : " << str << endl
+       << "operand number : " << num << endl;
+}
+
+
+//
+//
+//
+int
+version ()
+{
+  cerr << "foo 1.0" << endl;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+//
+//
+//
+int
+help (int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+  Command subject;
+
+  if (argc != 1)
+  {
+    OperandParser op;
+    subject = op.parse (argc, argv);
+  }
+
+  switch (subject)
+  {
+  case Command::HELP:
+    {
+      cerr << "foo help []" << endl << endl
+           << "\t If  is specified then print extended help" << endl
+           << "\t information for specified command. Otherwise print" << endl
+           << "\t general usage information." << endl;
+      break;
+    }
+  case Command::VERSION:
+    {
+      cerr << "foo version" << endl << endl
+           << "\t Print version information." << endl;
+      break;
+    }
+  default:
+    {
+      cerr << "foo version" << endl
+           << "foo help []" << endl
+           << "foo [-s|--string ] [-n|--number ]  []"
+           << endl;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/BadCast/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/BadCast/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9963d9708a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/BadCast/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Example/ExH/BadCast/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := bad_cast.cpp
+
+module_base           := bad_cast
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/BadCast/bad_cast.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/BadCast/bad_cast.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb4a59e26a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/BadCast/bad_cast.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// file      : Example/ExH/BadCast/bad_cast.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+
+#include 
+
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+
+
+struct A
+{
+  virtual
+  ~A() {}
+};
+
+struct B
+{
+  void
+  foo () {}
+};
+
+void
+foo () throw (Utility::ExH::System::Exception)
+{
+  A a;
+
+  A& ar (a);
+
+  B& br (dynamic_cast (ar));
+
+  br.foo ();
+}
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    foo ();
+  }
+  catch (Utility::ExH::System::Exception const& ex)
+  {
+    cerr << "Caught Utility::ExH::System::Exception: "
+         << ex.what ()
+         << endl;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Compound/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Compound/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8bd588587d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Compound/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Example/ExH/Compound/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := compound.cpp
+
+module_base           := compound
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e042ca9c1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// file      : Example/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp"
+
+// Include some helper converters to allow exception initialization
+// with std::ostringstream
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.hpp"
+
+#include 
+
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+using std::string;
+using std::ostringstream;
+
+using namespace Utility::ExH;
+
+// Here are our components
+
+class Base
+{
+public:
+
+  //
+  // Exception definitions.
+  //
+
+  // Base logic exception class for component.
+  class Exception_ {};
+  typedef
+  Compound 
+  Exception;
+
+  class InvalidArgument_ {};
+  typedef
+  Compound 
+  InvalidArgument;
+
+  class NotInitialized_ {};
+  typedef
+  Compound 
+  NotInitialized;
+
+public:
+
+  void
+  foo (char const* str) throw (InvalidArgument, NotInitialized)
+  {
+    // This is just an example.
+
+    if (str == 0)
+    {
+      throw InvalidArgument ("Base::foo: first parameter is zero.");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      ostringstream ostr;
+      ostr << "Base::foo [this = " << this << "]: object is not initialized.";
+
+      throw NotInitialized (ostr);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  // We don't know what implementation may decide to throw so
+  // we allow to throw System exception and any logic exception
+  // derived from Base::Exception
+  virtual void
+  vfoo () throw (Exception, System::Exception) = 0;
+};
+
+class Derived : public Base
+{
+public:
+
+  // Define some Derived-specific logic exception.
+  class NotImplemented_ {};
+  typedef
+  Compound 
+  NotImplemented;
+
+public:
+  virtual void
+  vfoo () throw (NotImplemented, System::Exception)
+  {
+    std::string str ("Derived::vfoo: not implemented yet.");
+    throw NotImplemented (str);
+  }
+};
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+
+    Derived d;
+    Base* pb (&d);
+
+    // We can use generic handler.
+    try
+    {
+      pb->vfoo ();
+    }
+    catch (Base::Exception const& ex)
+    {
+      cerr << "Caught Base::Exception: " << ex.what () << endl;
+    }
+
+
+    // Or use more precise control.
+    try
+    {
+      pb->foo ("hello");
+    }
+    catch (Base::NotInitialized const& ex)
+    {
+      cerr << "Caught Base::NotInitialized: " << ex.what () << endl;
+    }
+
+    // Or use application-level handler.
+    pb->foo (0);
+
+  }
+  catch (Logic::Exception const& ex)
+  {
+    cerr << "Caught Logic::Exception: " << ex.what () << endl;
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    cerr << "Caught unknown exception using catch-all handler" << endl;
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/HelloWorld/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/HelloWorld/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..93debef0e7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/HelloWorld/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Example/ExH/HelloWorld/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := hello_world.cpp
+
+module_base           := hello_world
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/HelloWorld/hello_world.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/HelloWorld/hello_world.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee678ffa66f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/HelloWorld/hello_world.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// file      : Example/ExH/HelloWorld/hello_world.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include  // for std::abort ()
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp"
+
+using std::cerr;
+using std::cout;
+using std::endl;
+
+using namespace Utility;
+
+class Application
+{
+public:
+  class Exception : public ExH::Logic::Exception {};
+
+  // Hint: you may want to try again...
+  class FeelingDizzy  : public Exception {};
+
+  class InvalidArg : public Exception {};
+
+public:
+  Application () throw (ExH::System::Exception)
+      : // The std::string c-tor may throw any kind of exceptions besides
+        // quite possible std::bad_alloc.
+        greeting_ ("Hello, world!")
+  {
+  }
+
+  Application (char const * greeting) throw (InvalidArg,
+                                             ExH::System::Exception)
+      : greeting_ (greeting == 0 ? "" : greeting)
+  {
+    if (greeting == 0) throw InvalidArg ();
+  }
+
+public:
+
+  void
+  run () throw (FeelingDizzy, ExH::System::Exception)
+  {
+    static unsigned int dizzy_count (0);
+
+    if (dizzy_count++ < 5) throw FeelingDizzy ();
+
+    // The next line can throw full bucket of exceptions
+    // not to mention ios_base::failure.
+    cout << greeting_.c_str () << endl;
+  }
+
+private:
+
+  std::string  greeting_;
+};
+
+
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  // This is a catch-all layer that should be in use only
+  // if we are really in trouble.
+  try
+  {
+    // This is a catch-system layer. Here we will catch exceptions like
+    // bad_alloc, etc. If we get here it means that nobody wanted/managed
+    // to recover from this kind of errors.
+    try
+    {
+      // This is a catch-logic layer. If we get here it usually
+      // indicates an application logic error.
+      try
+      {
+
+        // Ok, here we go about our application logic.
+        try
+        {
+          for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+          {
+            try
+            {
+              Application app ("Hi dude!");
+              app.run ();
+              break;
+            }
+            catch (Application::FeelingDizzy const& )
+            {
+              if (i == 9)
+              {
+                cerr << "Given up!" << endl;
+                return -1;
+              }
+              else
+              {
+                cerr << "Application is feeling dizzy. Trying again..."
+                     << endl;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        catch (Application::InvalidArg const& )
+        {
+          cerr << "Cought Application::InvalidArg : ...hmm... strange!"
+               << endl;
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+      catch (ExH::Logic::Exception const& e)
+      {
+        cerr << "Caught Logic::Exception : " << e.what () << endl;
+        return -1;
+      }
+    }
+    catch (const ExH::System::Exception& e)
+    {
+      cerr << "Caught System::Exception : " << e.what () << endl;
+      return -1;
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+      cerr << "Caught unknown exception using catch-all handler. " << endl;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    // We get here in cases of some hard failure. For example when handling
+    // exception, operator << throws another exception. Usually application
+    // cannot handle such failures itself so we just propagate it futher.
+    std::abort ();
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..789413c0a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := logic_to_system.cpp
+
+module_base           := logic_to_system
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/logic_to_system.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/logic_to_system.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ba5944404f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/logic_to_system.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// file      : Example/ExH/LogicToSystem/logic_to_system.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp"
+
+#include 
+
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+
+
+struct SubsystemA
+{
+  class Exception : public Utility::ExH::Logic::Exception {};
+
+  void
+  foo () throw (Exception)
+  {
+    throw Exception ();
+  }
+};
+
+
+struct SubsystemB
+{
+  void
+  foo () throw (Utility::ExH::System::Exception)
+  {
+    SubsystemA a;
+    a.foo ();
+
+    // Here SubsystemB is using SunsystemA but cannot (forgot, doesnt't
+    // want to, doesn't know how to, etc - pick your favorite) handle
+    // exception thrown by SubsystemA. As a result exception is
+    // 'converted' to System::Exception.
+  }
+};
+
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    SubsystemB b;
+    b.foo ();
+  }
+  catch (Utility::ExH::System::Exception const& ex)
+  {
+    cerr << "Caught Utility::ExH::System::Exception: "
+         << ex.what ()
+         << endl;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..99eb95cf62f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/ExH/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Example/ExH/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := BadCast Compound HelloWorld LogicToSystem
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Container/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Container/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..29135f54046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Container/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Example/Hetero/Container/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := container.cpp
+
+module_base           := container
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Container/container.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Container/container.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f6ba5560dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Container/container.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// file      : Example/Hetero/Container/container.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/Hetero/Container.hpp"
+#include "Utility/Hetero/TypedContainer.hpp"
+#include "Utility/Hetero/Vector.hpp"
+#include "Utility/Hetero/Shell.hpp"
+
+#include 
+#include 
+#include 
+
+using std::string;
+
+using std::cout;
+using std::cerr;
+using std::endl;
+
+namespace Hetero = Utility::Hetero;
+
+using Hetero::Container;
+using Hetero::TypedContainer;
+using Hetero::TypeList;
+using Hetero::Shell;
+
+
+struct PrintCore
+{
+  typedef void RetType;
+
+  template 
+  void
+  operator() (T const& t)
+  {
+    cout << t << endl;
+  }
+};
+
+typedef Shell Print;
+
+void
+print (bool b)
+{
+  cout << (b ? "T" : "NIL") << endl;
+}
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    Container a (10L);
+    Container b (true);
+    Container c (string ("hello"));
+
+    string s = c + string (" world");
+
+    long l = a + 20L;
+
+    cout << s << "; " << l << endl;
+
+    print (b);
+
+    //
+    //
+    //
+
+    typedef
+    TypedContainer  >
+    MyContainer;
+
+    MyContainer x (true);
+    MyContainer y (10L);
+    MyContainer z (string ("hey dude"));
+
+    Print print;
+
+    print (x);
+    print (y);
+    print (z);
+
+    //
+    //
+    //
+
+    typedef
+    Hetero::Vector
+    vector;
+
+    vector v;
+    v.push_back (10L);
+    v.push_back (true);
+    v.push_back (false);
+    v.push_back (string ("hey"));
+
+    for (vector::iterator i = v.begin (); i != v.end (); i++)
+    {
+      print (*i);
+    }
+
+    std::for_each (v.begin (), v.end (), print);
+  }
+  catch (Hetero::Typing const&)
+  {
+    cerr << "typing error" << endl;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a55938e9502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Hetero/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Example/Hetero/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := Container
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Hierarchy.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Hierarchy.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0dbc616483e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Hierarchy.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// file      : Hierarchy.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Hierarchy.hpp"
+
+// A
+//
+//
+
+using Introspection::Object;
+using Introspection::Access;
+
+namespace
+{
+  TypeInfo
+  a_init_ ()
+  {
+    TypeInfo ti (typeid (A));
+    ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, true, Object::static_type_info ());
+    return ti;
+  }
+
+  TypeInfo a_ (a_init_ ());
+}
+
+TypeInfo const& A::
+static_type_info ()
+{
+  return a_;
+}
+
+// B
+//
+//
+
+namespace
+{
+  TypeInfo
+  b_init_ ()
+  {
+    TypeInfo ti (typeid (B));
+    ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, false, A::static_type_info ());
+    return ti;
+  }
+
+  TypeInfo b_ (b_init_ ());
+}
+
+TypeInfo const& B::
+static_type_info ()
+{
+  return b_;
+}
+
+// C
+//
+//
+
+namespace
+{
+  TypeInfo
+  c_init_ ()
+  {
+    TypeInfo ti (typeid (C));
+    ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, true, A::static_type_info ());
+    return ti;
+  }
+
+  TypeInfo c_ (c_init_ ());
+}
+
+TypeInfo const& C::
+static_type_info ()
+{
+  return c_;
+}
+
+
+// D
+//
+//
+
+namespace
+{
+  TypeInfo
+  d_init_ ()
+  {
+    TypeInfo ti (typeid (D));
+    ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, true, B::static_type_info ());
+    ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, false, C::static_type_info ());
+    return ti;
+  }
+
+  TypeInfo d_ (d_init_ ());
+}
+
+TypeInfo const& D::
+static_type_info ()
+{
+  return d_;
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Hierarchy.hpp b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Hierarchy.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..213e0593f6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Hierarchy.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// file      : Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Hierarchy.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef HIERARCHY_HPP
+#define HIERARCHY_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/Introspection.hpp"
+
+namespace Introspection = Utility::Introspection;
+
+using Introspection::TypeInfo;
+using Introspection::TypeId;
+
+struct A : virtual Introspection::Object
+{
+  A ()
+  {
+    type_info (static_type_info ());
+  }
+
+  static TypeInfo const&
+  static_type_info ();
+};
+
+struct B : virtual A
+{
+  B ()
+  {
+    type_info (static_type_info ());
+  }
+
+  static TypeInfo const&
+  static_type_info ();
+};
+
+struct C : virtual A
+{
+  C ()
+  {
+    type_info (static_type_info ());
+  }
+
+  static TypeInfo const&
+  static_type_info ();
+};
+
+struct D : virtual B, C
+{
+  D ()
+  {
+    type_info (static_type_info ());
+  }
+
+  static TypeInfo const&
+  static_type_info ();
+};
+
+#endif  // HIERARCHY_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b839c2111f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# file      : Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := Hierarchy.cpp inheritance_tree.cpp
+
+module_base           := inheritance_tree
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+CXX_LINK_LIBS         += -L$(root)/Utility/Introspection -lIntrospection
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/inheritance_tree.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/inheritance_tree.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..97c4c68dda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/inheritance_tree.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// file      : Example/Introspection/InheritanceTree/inheritance_tree.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+// Note: This example is by no means complete. In fact properly printing
+// arbitrary C++ inheritance tree is a non-trivial task. If you would like
+// to improve this example please feel free to send your results back ;-).
+//
+
+#include "Hierarchy.hpp"
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+using std::endl;
+
+typedef
+std::set
+TypeIdSet;
+
+void
+print_inheritance_tree_core (std::ostream& os,
+                             TypeInfo const& ti,
+                             TypeIdSet& set)
+{
+  bool nl = false;
+
+  for (TypeInfo::BaseIterator i = ti.begin_base ();
+       i != ti.end_base ();
+       i++)
+  {
+    TypeId tid (i->type_info ().type_id ());
+
+    if (set.find (tid) != set.end ()) continue;
+
+    nl = true;
+    set.insert (tid);
+    print_inheritance_tree_core (os, i->type_info (), set);
+  }
+
+  if (nl) os << endl;
+
+  os << ti.type_id () << "  ";
+}
+
+void
+print_inheritance_tree (std::ostream& os, TypeInfo const& ti)
+{
+  TypeIdSet set;
+  print_inheritance_tree_core (os, ti, set);
+  os << endl;
+}
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  B* b  = new D;
+
+  print_inheritance_tree (std::cout, b->type_info ());
+
+  delete b;
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2dc0a1f809e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Example/Introspection/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := InheritanceTree Traversal
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9b1a8da46a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# file      : Example/Introspection/Traversal/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := SyntaxTree.cpp Traversal.cpp driver.cpp
+
+module_base           := driver
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+CXX_LINK_LIBS         += -L$(root)/Utility/Introspection -lIntrospection
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/SyntaxTree.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/SyntaxTree.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71115ff2b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/SyntaxTree.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// file      : Example/Introspection/Traversal/SyntaxTree.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "SyntaxTree.hpp"
+
+using namespace Utility::Introspection;
+
+namespace SyntaxTree
+{
+
+  // Node
+  //
+  //
+
+  namespace
+  {
+    TypeInfo
+    node_init_ ()
+    {
+      TypeInfo ti (typeid (Node));
+      ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, true, Object::static_type_info ());
+      return ti;
+    }
+
+    TypeInfo node_ (node_init_ ());
+  }
+
+  TypeInfo const& Node::
+  static_type_info () { return node_; }
+
+
+  // Declaration
+  //
+  //
+
+  namespace
+  {
+    TypeInfo
+    declaration_init_ ()
+    {
+      TypeInfo ti (typeid (Declaration));
+      ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, true, Node::static_type_info ());
+      return ti;
+    }
+
+    TypeInfo declaration_ (declaration_init_ ());
+  }
+
+  TypeInfo const& Declaration::
+  static_type_info () { return declaration_; }
+
+
+  // Scope
+  //
+  //
+
+  namespace
+  {
+    TypeInfo
+    scope_init_ ()
+    {
+      TypeInfo ti (typeid (Scope));
+      ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, true, Declaration::static_type_info ());
+      return ti;
+    }
+
+    TypeInfo scope_ (scope_init_ ());
+  }
+
+  TypeInfo const& Scope::
+  static_type_info () { return scope_; }
+
+
+  // InterfaceDecl
+  //
+  //
+
+  namespace
+  {
+    TypeInfo
+    interface_decl_init_ ()
+    {
+      TypeInfo ti (typeid (InterfaceDecl));
+      ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, true, Declaration::static_type_info ());
+      return ti;
+    }
+
+    TypeInfo interface_decl_ (interface_decl_init_ ());
+  }
+
+  TypeInfo const& InterfaceDecl::
+  static_type_info () { return interface_decl_; }
+
+
+  // InterfaceDef
+  //
+  //
+
+  namespace
+  {
+    TypeInfo
+    interface_def_init_ ()
+    {
+      TypeInfo ti (typeid (InterfaceDef));
+      ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, true, InterfaceDecl::static_type_info ());
+      ti.add_base (Access::PUBLIC, true, Scope::static_type_info ());
+      return ti;
+    }
+
+    TypeInfo interface_def_ (interface_def_init_ ());
+  }
+
+  TypeInfo const& InterfaceDef::
+  static_type_info () { return interface_def_; }
+
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/SyntaxTree.hpp b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/SyntaxTree.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7bd824ce683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/SyntaxTree.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// file      : Example/Introspection/Traversal/SyntaxTree.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef SYNTAX_TREE_HPP
+#define SYNTAX_TREE_HPP
+
+#include 
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/Introspection.hpp"
+
+namespace SyntaxTree
+{
+  //
+  //
+  //
+
+  struct Node : virtual Utility::Introspection::Object
+  {
+    Node ()
+    {
+      type_info (static_type_info ());
+    }
+
+    static Utility::Introspection::TypeInfo const&
+    static_type_info ();
+  };
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+
+  struct Declaration : virtual Node
+  {
+    Declaration ()
+    {
+      type_info (static_type_info ());
+    }
+
+    static Utility::Introspection::TypeInfo const&
+    static_type_info ();
+  };
+
+  typedef
+  std::vector
+  DeclarationList;
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+  struct Scope : virtual Declaration
+  {
+    Scope ()
+    {
+      type_info (static_type_info ());
+    }
+
+    static Utility::Introspection::TypeInfo const&
+    static_type_info ();
+
+    DeclarationList content_;
+  };
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+  struct InterfaceDecl : virtual Declaration
+  {
+    InterfaceDecl ()
+    {
+      type_info (static_type_info ());
+    }
+
+    static Utility::Introspection::TypeInfo const&
+    static_type_info ();
+  };
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+  struct InterfaceDef : virtual InterfaceDecl, virtual Scope
+  {
+    InterfaceDef ()
+    {
+      type_info (static_type_info ());
+    }
+
+    static Utility::Introspection::TypeInfo const&
+    static_type_info ();
+  };
+}
+
+#endif  // SYNTAX_TREE_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/Traversal.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/Traversal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9fa94327c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/Traversal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// file      : Example/Introspection/Traversal/Traversal.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Traversal.hpp"
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+using namespace Utility::Introspection;
+
+namespace Traversal
+{
+  // Dispatcher
+  //
+  //
+
+  struct TypeInfoComparator
+  {
+    bool
+    operator () (TypeInfo const& x, TypeInfo const& y) const
+    {
+      return x.type_id () < y.type_id ();
+    }
+  };
+
+  typedef
+  std::map
+  LevelMap;
+
+  typedef
+  std::set
+  TypeInfoSet;
+
+  unsigned long
+  compute_levels (TypeInfo const& ti, unsigned long cur, LevelMap& map)
+  {
+    unsigned long ret = cur;
+
+    if (map.find (ti) == map.end () || map[ti] < cur) map[ti] = cur;
+
+    for (TypeInfo::BaseIterator i = ti.begin_base ();
+         i != ti.end_base ();
+         i++)
+    {
+      unsigned long t = compute_levels (i->type_info (), cur + 1, map);
+      if (t > ret) ret = t;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  void
+  flatten_tree (TypeInfo const& ti, TypeInfoSet& set)
+  {
+    set.insert (ti);
+
+    for (TypeInfo::BaseIterator i = ti.begin_base ();
+         i != ti.end_base ();
+         i++)
+    {
+      flatten_tree (i->type_info (), set);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void Dispatcher::
+  dispatch (SyntaxTree::Node* n)
+  {
+    LevelMap levels;
+
+    unsigned long max = compute_levels (n->type_info (), 0, levels);
+
+    for (unsigned long l = 0; l < max + 1; l++)
+    {
+      TypeInfoSet dispatched;
+
+      for (LevelMap::const_iterator i = levels.begin ();
+           i != levels.end ();
+           i++)
+      {
+        if (i->second == l)
+        {
+          TraversalMap::const_iterator v =
+            traversal_map_.find (i->first.type_id ());
+
+          if (v != traversal_map_.end ())
+          {
+            v->second->traverse (n);
+            flatten_tree (i->first, dispatched);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Remove traversed types from level map.
+      for (TypeInfoSet::const_iterator i = dispatched.begin ();
+           i != dispatched.end ();
+           i++)
+      {
+        levels.erase (*i);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/Traversal.hpp b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/Traversal.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7ee84523fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/Traversal.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// file      : Example/Introspection/Traversal/Traversal.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef TRAVERSAL_HPP
+#define TRAVERSAL_HPP
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/Introspection.hpp"
+
+#include "SyntaxTree.hpp"
+
+namespace Traversal
+{
+  class Traverser;
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+  class Dispatcher
+  {
+  public:
+    virtual
+    ~Dispatcher ()
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual void
+    dispatch (SyntaxTree::Node* n);
+
+  protected:
+    void
+    map (Utility::Introspection::TypeId id, Traverser* t)
+    {
+      traversal_map_[id] = t;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    typedef
+    std::map
+    TraversalMap;
+
+    TraversalMap traversal_map_;
+  };
+
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+  class Traverser : public virtual Dispatcher
+  {
+  public:
+    virtual void
+    traverse (SyntaxTree::Node* n) = 0;
+  };
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+  struct Node : Traverser
+  {
+    Node ()
+    {
+      map (typeid (SyntaxTree::Node), this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void
+    traverse (SyntaxTree::Node*)
+    {
+      std::cerr << "node" << std::endl;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+  struct Declaration : Traverser
+  {
+    Declaration ()
+    {
+      map (typeid (SyntaxTree::Declaration), this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void
+    traverse (SyntaxTree::Node*)
+    {
+      std::cerr << "declaration" << std::endl;
+    }
+  };
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+  struct Scope : Traverser
+  {
+    Scope ()
+    {
+      map (typeid (SyntaxTree::Scope), this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void
+    traverse (SyntaxTree::Node* n)
+    {
+      std::cerr << "scope" << std::endl;
+
+      SyntaxTree::Scope* s = dynamic_cast (n);
+
+      for (SyntaxTree::DeclarationList::iterator i = s->content_.begin ();
+           i != s->content_.end ();
+           i++)
+      {
+        dispatch (*i);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+  struct InterfaceDecl : Traverser
+  {
+    InterfaceDecl ()
+    {
+      map (typeid (SyntaxTree::InterfaceDecl), this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void
+    traverse (SyntaxTree::Node*)
+    {
+      std::cerr << "interface declaration" << std::endl;
+    }
+  };
+
+  //
+  //
+  //
+  struct InterfaceDef : Traverser
+  {
+    InterfaceDef ()
+    {
+      map (typeid (SyntaxTree::InterfaceDef), this);
+    }
+
+    virtual void
+    traverse (SyntaxTree::Node*)
+    {
+      std::cerr << "interface definition" << std::endl;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+#endif  // TRAVERSAL_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/driver.cpp b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/driver.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..35891ef58cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Introspection/Traversal/driver.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// file      : Example/Introspection/Traversal/driver.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include 
+
+#include "SyntaxTree.hpp"
+#include "Traversal.hpp"
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  using namespace SyntaxTree;
+
+  /*
+    Create a syntax tree that looks something like this:
+
+    scope
+    {
+      interface declaration;
+
+      scope
+      {
+        interface definition
+        {
+          decalartion;
+        };
+      };
+    };
+
+  */
+
+  Scope s1;
+
+  InterfaceDecl i1;
+  s1.content_.push_back (&i1);
+
+  Scope s2;
+  s1.content_.push_back (&s2);
+
+  InterfaceDef i2;
+  s2.content_.push_back (&i2);
+
+  Declaration d1;
+  i2.content_.push_back (&d1);
+
+  SyntaxTree::Node* root = &s1;
+
+  // Now different ways of traversing this tree:
+
+  {
+    std::cout << "test #1" << std::endl;
+
+    struct Generator : Traversal::Declaration, Traversal::Scope
+    {
+    };
+
+    Generator g;
+    g.dispatch (root);
+
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::cout << "test #2" << std::endl;
+
+    struct Generator : Traversal::Scope, Traversal::InterfaceDecl
+    {
+    };
+
+    Generator g;
+    g.dispatch (root);
+
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  {
+    std::cout << "test #3" << std::endl;
+
+    struct Generator : Traversal::Scope, Traversal::InterfaceDef
+    {
+    };
+
+    Generator g;
+    g.dispatch (root);
+
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Example/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Example/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1caefc91a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Example/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Example/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := ExH Hetero Introspection
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d23e380254b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# file      : Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := .
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := Utility Test Example Documentation
+
+Test Example Documentation : Utility
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Compound/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Compound/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b596cd2fbce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Compound/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/ExH/Compound/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := compound.cpp
+
+module_base           := compound
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d3319f5d7dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// file      : Test/ExH/Compound/compound.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp"
+
+#include 
+
+using namespace Utility::ExH;
+
+struct E {};
+
+void postcondition (bool p) throw (E)
+{
+  if (!p) throw E ();
+}
+
+class Base
+{
+protected:
+  Base () throw ()
+  {
+  }
+
+  void
+  init (char const* description) throw ()
+  {
+    str_ = description;
+  }
+
+  char const*
+  what () const throw ()
+  {
+    return str_.c_str ();
+  }
+
+public:
+  std::string str_;
+};
+
+class A_ {};
+typedef
+Compound
+A;
+
+struct StringHolder
+{
+  StringHolder (char const* s)
+      : str_ (s)
+  {
+  }
+
+  operator std::string () const
+  {
+    return str_;
+  }
+
+  std::string str_;
+};
+
+
+int main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // Compound (char const*)
+    //
+    {
+      A a ("hello");
+
+      postcondition (a.str_ == "hello");
+    }
+
+    // Compound (T const&)
+    //
+    {
+      StringHolder a ("hello");
+      A b (a);
+
+      postcondition (b.str_ == "hello");
+    }
+
+    // Compound (Compound const&)
+    //
+    {
+      A a ("hello");
+      A b (a);
+
+      postcondition (b.str_ == "hello");
+    }
+
+    // ~Compound ()
+    //
+
+    // operator= (Compound const&)
+    //
+    {
+      A a ("hello");
+      A b ("foo");
+      b = a;
+
+      postcondition (b.str_ == "hello");
+    }
+
+    // Compound ()
+    //
+
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Converter/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Converter/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3f37652482d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Converter/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/ExH/Converter/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := converter.cpp
+
+module_base           := converter
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Converter/converter.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Converter/converter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..396b616e6a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Converter/converter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// file      : Test/ExH/Converter/converter.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.hpp"
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+using std::string;
+using namespace Utility::ExH;
+
+struct E {};
+
+void postcondition (bool p) throw (E)
+{
+  if (!p) throw E ();
+}
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // template
+    // converter (T const&)
+    //
+    {
+      postcondition (converter ("hello") == string("hello"));
+    }
+
+    // template<>
+    // converter (std::ostringstream const&)
+    //
+    {
+      std::ostringstream ostr;
+      ostr << "hello";
+      postcondition (converter (ostr) == string("hello"));
+    }
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..26606c35669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/ExH/Inline/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := inline.cpp unit.cpp
+
+module_base           := inline
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/inline.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/inline.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7700728932f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/inline.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// file      : Test/ExH/Inline/inline.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+//
+// This is a link-time test to detect any problems with inline functions
+// (notably missing inline specifier).
+//
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/ExH.hpp"
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+}
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/unit.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/unit.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8a57af7d759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Inline/unit.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// file      : Test/ExH/Inline/unit.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/ExH.hpp"
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ca8e6029ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := descriptive_exception.cpp
+
+module_base           := descriptive_exception
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException/descriptive_exception.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException/descriptive_exception.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c3246df491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException/descriptive_exception.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// file      : Test/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException/descriptive_exception.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp"
+
+#include 
+
+using std::string;
+using namespace Utility::ExH::Logic;
+
+struct E {};
+
+void postcondition (bool p) throw (E)
+{
+  if (!p) throw E ();
+}
+
+struct StringHolder
+{
+  StringHolder (char const* s)
+      : str_ (s)
+  {
+  }
+
+  operator std::string () const
+  {
+    return str_;
+  }
+
+  string str_;
+};
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // DescriptiveException (char const*)
+    //
+    {
+      DescriptiveException a ("hello");
+
+      postcondition (a.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+
+    // DescriptiveException (std::string const&)
+    //
+    {
+      DescriptiveException a (string ("hello"));
+
+      postcondition (a.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+
+
+    // DescriptiveException (T const&)
+    //
+    {
+      StringHolder a ("hello");
+
+      DescriptiveException b (a);
+
+      postcondition (b.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+
+    // DescriptiveException (DescriptiveException const&)
+    //
+    {
+      DescriptiveException a ("hello");
+      DescriptiveException b (a);
+
+      postcondition (b.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+
+    // ~DescriptiveException
+    //
+
+    // operator= (DescriptiveException const&)
+    //
+    {
+      DescriptiveException a ("hello");
+      DescriptiveException b ("foo");
+      b = a;
+
+      postcondition (b.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+
+    // DescriptiveException ()
+    //
+
+    // init (char const*)
+    //
+
+    // what ()
+    //
+    {
+      DescriptiveException a ("hello");
+
+      postcondition (a.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Logic/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Logic/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..042b3a172a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Logic/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Test/ExH/Logic/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := DescriptiveException
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..161884a439c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Test/ExH/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := Compound Converter Inline Logic System
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/System/DescriptiveException/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/System/DescriptiveException/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9fd89d86ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/System/DescriptiveException/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/ExH/System/DescriptiveException/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := descriptive_exception.cpp
+
+module_base           := descriptive_exception
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/System/DescriptiveException/descriptive_exception.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/System/DescriptiveException/descriptive_exception.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4cd14da8627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/System/DescriptiveException/descriptive_exception.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// file      : Test/ExH/System/DescriptiveException/descriptive_exception.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp"
+
+#include 
+
+using std::string;
+using namespace Utility::ExH::System;
+
+struct E {};
+
+void postcondition (bool p) throw (E)
+{
+  if (!p) throw E ();
+}
+
+struct StringHolder
+{
+  StringHolder (char const* s)
+      : str_ (s)
+  {
+  }
+
+  operator std::string () const
+  {
+    return str_;
+  }
+
+  string str_;
+};
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // DescriptiveException (char const*)
+    //
+    {
+      DescriptiveException a ("hello");
+
+      postcondition (a.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+
+    // DescriptiveException (std::string const&)
+    //
+    {
+      DescriptiveException a (string ("hello"));
+
+      postcondition (a.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+
+    // DescriptiveException (T const&)
+    //
+    {
+      StringHolder a ("hello");
+
+      DescriptiveException b (a);
+
+      postcondition (b.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+
+    // DescriptiveException (DescriptiveException const&)
+    //
+    {
+      DescriptiveException a ("hello");
+      DescriptiveException b (a);
+
+      postcondition (b.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+
+    // ~DescriptiveException
+    //
+
+    // operator= (DescriptiveException const&)
+    //
+    {
+      DescriptiveException a ("hello");
+      DescriptiveException b ("foo");
+      b = a;
+
+      postcondition (b.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+
+    // DescriptiveException ()
+    //
+
+    // init (char const*)
+    //
+
+    // what ()
+    //
+    {
+      DescriptiveException a ("hello");
+
+      postcondition (a.what () == string ("hello"));
+    }
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/System/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/System/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ffea12a6ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ExH/System/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Test/ExH/System/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := DescriptiveException
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fb7a72c1e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/Introspection/Inline/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := inline.cpp unit.cpp
+
+module_base           := inline
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/inline.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/inline.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..99ff8ff590f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/inline.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// file      : Test/Introspection/Inline/inline.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+//
+// This is a link-time test to detect any problems with inline functions
+// (notably missing inline specifier).
+//
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/Introspection.hpp"
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+}
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/unit.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/unit.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5fe6f95b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Inline/unit.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// file      : Test/Introspection/Inline/unit.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/Introspection.hpp"
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ed18da5c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/Introspection/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Test/Introspection/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := Inline
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4ac5c3530b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# file      : Test/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := ExH Introspection ReferenceCounting Synch
+
+ReferenceCounting : ExH Synch
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c3f89dc7a9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := default_impl.cpp
+
+module_base           := default_impl
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl/default_impl.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl/default_impl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..971751b6677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl/default_impl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl/default_impl.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp"
+
+using namespace Utility::ReferenceCounting;
+
+struct Base : public virtual Interface
+{
+  virtual
+  ~Base () throw ()
+  {
+  }
+};
+
+
+class Impl : public virtual Base,
+             public virtual DefaultImpl <>
+{
+public:
+  Impl (bool& destroyed)
+      : dummy_ (false),
+        destroyed_ (destroyed)
+  {
+  }
+
+  Impl ()
+      : dummy_ (false),
+        destroyed_ (dummy_)
+  {
+  }
+
+  virtual
+  ~Impl () throw ()
+  {
+    destroyed_ = true;
+  }
+
+public:
+  void
+  lock ()
+  {
+    lock_i ();
+  }
+
+private:
+  bool dummy_;
+  bool& destroyed_;
+};
+
+struct E {};
+
+void postcondition (bool p) throw (E)
+{
+  if (!p) throw E ();
+}
+
+int main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // DefaultImpl
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+
+      postcondition (a->refcount_value () == 1);
+
+      a->remove_ref ();
+    }
+
+    // ~DefaultImpl
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      a->remove_ref ();
+    }
+
+    // add_ref
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+
+      a->add_ref ();
+
+      postcondition (a->refcount_value () == 2);
+
+      a->remove_ref ();
+      a->remove_ref ();
+    }
+
+
+    // remove_ref
+    //
+    {
+      bool destroyed (false);
+      Impl* a (new Impl (destroyed));
+
+      a->add_ref ();
+      a->remove_ref ();
+
+      postcondition (destroyed == false && a->refcount_value () == 1);
+
+      a->remove_ref ();
+
+      postcondition (destroyed == true);
+    }
+
+
+    // refcount_value
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+
+      postcondition (a->refcount_value () == 1);
+    }
+
+    // lock_i
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      a->lock ();
+    }
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5ae9a840c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := inline.cpp unit.cpp
+
+module_base           := inline
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/inline.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/inline.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0ff2dfa9986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/inline.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/inline.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+//
+// This is a link-time test to detect any problems with inline functions
+// (notably missing inline specifier).
+//
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/ReferenceCounting.hpp"
+
+int main ()
+{
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/unit.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/unit.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..31dbfdb8708
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/unit.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/Inline/unit.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/ReferenceCounting.hpp"
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Interface/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Interface/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4327774eb54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Interface/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/Interface/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := interface.cpp
+
+module_base           := interface
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Interface/interface.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Interface/interface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a9cb4d55824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Interface/interface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/Interface/interface.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp"
+
+using namespace Utility::ReferenceCounting;
+
+struct Obj : public virtual Interface
+{
+  Obj ()
+      : ref_count_ (1)
+  {
+  }
+
+  virtual
+  ~Obj () throw ()
+  {
+  }
+
+public:
+  virtual void
+  add_ref () const throw ()
+  {
+    add_ref_i ();
+  }
+
+
+  virtual void
+  remove_ref () const throw ()
+  {
+    if (remove_ref_i ()) delete this;
+  }
+
+  virtual count_t
+  refcount_value () const throw ()
+  {
+    return refcount_value_i ();
+  }
+
+protected:
+  virtual void
+  add_ref_i () const throw ()
+  {
+    ++ref_count_;
+  }
+
+
+  virtual bool
+  remove_ref_i () const throw ()
+  {
+    return --ref_count_ == 0;
+  }
+
+  virtual count_t
+  refcount_value_i () const throw ()
+  {
+    return ref_count_;
+  }
+
+private:
+  mutable count_t ref_count_;
+};
+
+
+struct E {};
+
+void postcondition (bool p) throw (E)
+{
+  if (!p) throw E ();
+}
+
+int main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // add_ref
+    //
+    {
+      Obj* a (new Obj);
+
+      Obj* b (add_ref (a));
+
+      postcondition (a == b && a->refcount_value () == 2);
+
+      a->remove_ref ();
+      b->remove_ref ();
+    }
+
+    {
+      Obj* a (0);
+
+      Obj* b (add_ref (a));
+
+      postcondition (b == 0);
+    }
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1f7d981c87f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := Interface DefaultImpl Inline SmartPtr StrictPtr
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7bbc0456949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := smart_ptr.cpp
+
+module_base           := smart_ptr
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr/smart_ptr.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr/smart_ptr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..67f4442a359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr/smart_ptr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr/smart_ptr.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp"
+
+using namespace Utility::ReferenceCounting;
+
+struct Base : public virtual Interface
+{
+  virtual
+  ~Base () throw ()
+  {
+  }
+};
+
+typedef
+SmartPtr
+BasePtr;
+
+class Impl : public virtual Base,
+             public virtual DefaultImpl <>
+{
+public:
+  Impl (bool& destroyed)
+      : dummy_ (false),
+        destroyed_ (destroyed)
+  {
+  }
+
+  Impl ()
+      : dummy_ (false),
+        destroyed_ (dummy_)
+  {
+  }
+
+  virtual
+  ~Impl () throw ()
+  {
+    destroyed_ = true;
+  }
+
+private:
+  bool dummy_;
+  bool& destroyed_;
+};
+
+typedef
+SmartPtr
+ImplPtr;
+
+struct E {};
+
+void postcondition (bool p) throw (E)
+{
+  if (!p) throw E ();
+}
+
+int main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // SmartPtr ()
+    //
+    {
+      BasePtr a;
+
+      postcondition (a.in () == 0);
+    }
+
+    // SmartPtr (Type*)
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+
+      postcondition (b.in () == a && a->refcount_value () == 1);
+    }
+
+    // SmartPtr (SmartPtr const&)
+    //
+    {
+      ImplPtr a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+
+      postcondition (a.in () == b.in () && a->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // SmartPtr (SmartPtr const&)
+    //
+    {
+      ImplPtr a (new Impl);
+      BasePtr b (a);
+
+      postcondition (b.in () == static_cast(a.in ()) &&
+                     b->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // ~SmartPtr
+    //
+    {
+      bool destroyed (false);
+      {
+        ImplPtr a (new Impl (destroyed));
+      }
+
+      postcondition (destroyed == true);
+    }
+
+    // operator= (Type* ptr)
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b;
+      b = a;
+
+      postcondition (b.in () == a && a->refcount_value () == 1);
+    }
+
+    // operator= (SmartPtr const&)
+    //
+    {
+      ImplPtr a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b;
+      b = a;
+
+      postcondition (b.in () == a.in () && a->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // operator= (SmartPtr const&)
+    //
+    {
+      ImplPtr a (new Impl);
+      BasePtr b;
+      b = a;
+
+      postcondition (b.in () == static_cast(a.in ()) &&
+                     b->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // operator Type*
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+      Impl* c (b);
+
+      postcondition (a == c);
+    }
+
+    // operator->
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+      Impl* c (b.operator-> ());
+
+      postcondition (a == c);
+    }
+
+    // in
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+      Impl* c (b.in ());
+
+      postcondition (a == c);
+    }
+
+    // retn
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+      Impl* c (b.retn ());
+
+      postcondition (a == c);
+
+      b = a; // give ownership back
+    }
+
+    // add_ref
+    //
+    {
+      ImplPtr a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (add_ref (a));
+
+      postcondition (a.in () == b.in () && b->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // smart_cast
+    //
+    {
+      BasePtr a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (smart_cast(a));
+
+      postcondition (b != 0 && b->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // acquire
+    //
+    {
+      bool destroyed (false);
+      Base::count_t c (0);
+      {
+        c = acquire (new Impl (destroyed))->refcount_value ();
+      }
+
+      postcondition (c == 1 && destroyed == true);
+    }
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e078ef688fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := strict_ptr.cpp
+
+module_base           := strict_ptr
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr/strict_ptr.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr/strict_ptr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1fcee9448ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr/strict_ptr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+// file      : Test/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr/strict_ptr.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp"
+
+using namespace Utility::ReferenceCounting;
+
+struct Base : public virtual Interface
+{
+  virtual
+  ~Base () throw ()
+  {
+  }
+};
+
+typedef
+StrictPtr
+BasePtr;
+
+class Impl : public virtual Base,
+             public virtual DefaultImpl <>
+{
+public:
+  Impl (bool& destroyed)
+      : dummy_ (false),
+        destroyed_ (destroyed)
+  {
+  }
+
+  Impl ()
+      : dummy_ (false),
+        destroyed_ (dummy_)
+  {
+  }
+
+  virtual
+  ~Impl () throw ()
+  {
+    destroyed_ = true;
+  }
+
+private:
+  bool dummy_;
+  bool& destroyed_;
+};
+
+typedef
+StrictPtr
+ImplPtr;
+
+struct E {};
+
+void postcondition (bool p) throw (E)
+{
+  if (!p) throw E ();
+}
+
+int main ()
+{
+  try
+  {
+    // StrictPtr ()
+    //
+    {
+      BasePtr a;
+
+      postcondition (a.in () == 0);
+    }
+
+    // StrictPtr (Type*)
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+
+      postcondition (b.in () == a && a->refcount_value () == 1);
+    }
+
+    // StrictPtr (StrictPtr const&)
+    //
+    {
+      ImplPtr a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+
+      postcondition (a.in () == b.in () && a->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // StrictPtr (StrictPtr const&)
+    //
+    {
+      ImplPtr a (new Impl);
+      BasePtr b (a);
+
+      postcondition (b.in () == static_cast(a.in ()) &&
+                     b->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // ~StrictPtr
+    //
+    {
+      bool destroyed (false);
+      {
+        ImplPtr a (new Impl (destroyed));
+      }
+
+      postcondition (destroyed == true);
+    }
+
+    // operator= (Type* ptr)
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b;
+      b = a;
+
+      postcondition (b.in () == a && a->refcount_value () == 1);
+    }
+
+    // operator= (StrictPtr const&)
+    //
+    {
+      ImplPtr a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b;
+      b = a;
+
+      postcondition (b.in () == a.in () && a->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // operator= (StrictPtr const&)
+    //
+    {
+      ImplPtr a (new Impl);
+      BasePtr b;
+      b = a;
+
+      postcondition (b.in () == static_cast(a.in ()) &&
+                     b->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // operator==
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+      bool r (b.in () == a);
+
+      postcondition (r == true);
+    }
+
+    // operator!=
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+      bool r (b.in () != a);
+
+      postcondition (r == false);
+    }
+
+    // operator->
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+      Impl* c (b.operator-> ());
+
+      postcondition (a == c);
+    }
+
+    // in
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+      Impl* c (b.in ());
+
+      postcondition (a == c);
+    }
+
+    // retn
+    //
+    {
+      Impl* a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (a);
+      Impl* c (b.retn ());
+
+      postcondition (a == c);
+
+      b = a; // give ownership back
+    }
+
+    // add_ref
+    //
+    {
+      ImplPtr a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (add_ref (a));
+
+      postcondition (a.in () == b.in () && b->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+
+    // strict_cast
+    //
+    {
+      BasePtr a (new Impl);
+      ImplPtr b (strict_cast(a));
+
+      postcondition (b != 0 && b->refcount_value () == 2);
+    }
+  }
+  catch (...)
+  {
+    return -1;
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2101cc3ee8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# file      : Test/Synch/Inline/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.pre.rules)
+
+
+cxx_translation_units := inline.cpp unit.cpp
+
+module_base           := inline
+module_prefix         :=
+module_suffix         :=
+
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Executable.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/inline.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/inline.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b2db8a7d57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/inline.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// file      : Test/Synch/Inline/inline.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+//
+// This is a link-time test to detect any problems with inline functions
+// (notably missing inline specifier).
+//
+
+#include "Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp"
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+}
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/unit.cpp b/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/unit.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b570c97ae5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Inline/unit.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// file      : Test/Synch/Inline/unit.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp"
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c4b730ca6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Test/Synch/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Test/Synch/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := Inline
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..664583fffb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_EX_H_COMPOUND_HPP
+#define UTILITY_EX_H_COMPOUND_HPP
+
+#include 
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    template 
+    class Compound : public virtual Base
+    {
+    public:
+      explicit
+      Compound (char const* description) throw ();
+
+      explicit
+      Compound (std::string const& description) throw ();
+
+      template 
+      explicit
+      Compound (T const& description) throw ();
+
+      Compound (Compound const& src) throw ();
+
+      virtual
+      ~Compound () throw ();
+
+    public:
+      Compound&
+      operator= (Compound const& src) throw ();
+
+    protected:
+      Compound () throw ();
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Compound.tpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_EX_H_COMPOUND_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Compound.tpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Compound.tpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a4c798d97cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Compound.tpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Compound.tpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    // c-tor's & d-tor
+    template 
+    Compound::
+    Compound () throw ()
+    {
+    }
+
+    template 
+    Compound::
+    Compound (char const* description) throw ()
+    {
+      Base::init (description);
+    }
+
+    template 
+    Compound::
+    Compound (std::string const& description) throw ()
+    {
+      try
+      {
+        Base::init (description.c_str ());
+      }
+      catch (...)
+      {
+      }
+    }
+
+    template 
+    template 
+    Compound::
+    Compound (T const& description) throw ()
+    {
+      Base::init (converter (description).c_str ());
+    }
+
+    template 
+    Compound::
+    Compound (Compound const& src) throw ()
+    {
+      Base::init (src.what ());
+    }
+
+    template 
+    Compound::
+    ~Compound () throw ()
+    {
+    }
+
+    // operator=
+
+    template 
+    Compound& Compound::
+    operator= (Compound const& src) throw ()
+    {
+      Base::init (src.what ());
+      return *this;
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..563114fd1c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_EX_H_CONVERTER_HPP
+#define UTILITY_EX_H_CONVERTER_HPP
+
+#include 
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    template 
+    std::string
+    converter (T const& t);
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Converter.tpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_EX_H_CONVERTER_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Converter.tpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Converter.tpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2d48015fe80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Converter.tpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Converter.tpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    template 
+    std::string
+    converter (T const& t)
+    {
+      // Default implementation just assumes that implicit converion exist.
+      return t;
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/ExH.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/ExH.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..722ecd02d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/ExH.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/ExH.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_EX_H_EX_H_HPP
+#define UTILITY_EX_H_EX_H_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp"
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp"
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp"
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.hpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_EX_H_EX_H_HPP
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9559014e64d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_EX_H_LOGIC_DESCRIPTIVE_EXCEPTION_HPP
+#define UTILITY_EX_H_LOGIC_DESCRIPTIVE_EXCEPTION_HPP
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace Logic
+    {
+      class DescriptiveException : public virtual Exception
+      {
+      public:
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (char const* description) throw ();
+
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (std::string const& description) throw ();
+
+        template 
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (T const& description) throw ();
+
+        DescriptiveException (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ();
+
+        virtual
+        ~DescriptiveException () throw ();
+
+        DescriptiveException&
+        operator= (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ();
+
+      protected:
+        DescriptiveException () throw ();
+
+        void
+        init (char const* description) throw ();
+
+      public:
+        virtual char const*
+        what () const throw ();
+
+      private:
+        std::auto_ptr description_;
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.ipp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.tpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_EX_H_LOGIC_DESCRIPTIVE_EXCEPTION_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4a50a687777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace Logic
+    {
+      // c-tor's & d-tor
+
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      DescriptiveException () throw ()
+      {
+      }
+
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      DescriptiveException (char const* description) throw ()
+      {
+        init (description);
+      }
+
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      DescriptiveException (std::string const& description) throw ()
+      {
+        try
+        {
+          init (description.c_str ());
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+        }
+      }
+
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      DescriptiveException (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ()
+      {
+        init (src.what ());
+      }
+
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      ~DescriptiveException () throw ()
+      {
+      }
+
+      inline DescriptiveException& DescriptiveException::
+      operator= (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ()
+      {
+        init (src.what ());
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+
+      // accessors / modifiers
+
+      inline void
+      DescriptiveException::init (char const* description) throw ()
+      {
+        try
+        {
+          if (description == 0 || description[0] == '\0')
+          {
+            description_.reset (0);
+          }
+          else
+          {
+            if (description_.get () != 0)
+            {
+              *description_ = description;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+              description_.reset (new std::string (description));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+          description_.reset (0);
+        }
+      }
+
+      inline char const*
+      DescriptiveException::what () const throw ()
+      {
+        try
+        {
+          if (description_.get () != 0)
+          {
+            return description_->c_str ();
+          }
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+        }
+
+        return Exception::what ();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.tpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.tpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02c65a67e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.tpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace Logic
+    {
+      template 
+      DescriptiveException::
+      DescriptiveException (T const& description) throw ()
+      {
+        init (converter (description).c_str ());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e91e1811622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_EX_H_LOGIC_EXCEPTION_HPP
+#define UTILITY_EX_H_LOGIC_EXCEPTION_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace Logic
+    {
+
+      // Logic::Exception inherits from System::Exception for the
+      // following reason. Semantically for some part of the
+      // system particular instance of Logic::Exception may seem as
+      // opaque System::Exception and the only way to handle it would
+      // be to propagate it further. In other words Logic::Exception
+      // can be seemlesly "converted" to System::Exception if there is
+      // no part of the system interested in handling it.
+      //
+
+      class Exception : public virtual System::Exception
+      {
+      public:
+        virtual
+        ~Exception () throw ();
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.ipp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_EX_H_LOGIC_EXCEPTION_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d3b774be937
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace Logic
+    {
+      inline Exception::
+      ~Exception () throw ()
+      {
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a9a495f22e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_EX_H_STRING_STREAM_CONVERTER_HPP
+#define UTILITY_EX_H_STRING_STREAM_CONVERTER_HPP
+
+#include 
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    template <>
+    std::string
+    converter (std::ostringstream const& t);
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.ipp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_EX_H_STRING_STREAM_CONVERTER_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e454ac3f96c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/StringStreamConverter.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    template <>
+    inline std::string
+    converter (std::ostringstream const& t)
+    {
+      return t.str ();
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8bc3de8ba1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_EX_H_SYSTEM_DESCRIPTIVE_EXCEPTION_HPP
+#define UTILITY_EX_H_SYSTEM_DESCRIPTIVE_EXCEPTION_HPP
+
+#include 
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace System
+    {
+      class DescriptiveException : public virtual Exception
+      {
+      public:
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (char const* description) throw ();
+
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (std::string const& description) throw ();
+
+        template 
+        explicit
+        DescriptiveException (T const& description) throw ();
+
+        DescriptiveException (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ();
+
+        virtual
+        ~DescriptiveException () throw ();
+
+        DescriptiveException&
+        operator= (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ();
+
+      protected:
+        DescriptiveException () throw ();
+
+        void
+        init (char const* description) throw ();
+
+      public:
+        virtual char const*
+        what () const throw ();
+
+      private:
+
+        static unsigned long const DESCRIPTION_SIZE = 256;
+
+        char description_ [DESCRIPTION_SIZE];
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.ipp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.tpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_EX_H_SYSTEM_DESCRIPTIVE_EXCEPTION_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9768a518eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include 
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace System
+    {
+      // c-tor's & d-tor
+
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      DescriptiveException () throw ()
+      {
+        description_[0] = '\0';
+      }
+
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      DescriptiveException (char const* description) throw ()
+      {
+        init (description);
+      }
+
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      DescriptiveException (std::string const& description) throw ()
+      {
+        try
+        {
+          init (description.c_str ());
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+        }
+      }
+
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      DescriptiveException (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ()
+      {
+        init (src.what ());
+      }
+
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      ~DescriptiveException () throw ()
+      {
+      }
+
+      inline DescriptiveException& DescriptiveException::
+      operator= (DescriptiveException const& src) throw ()
+      {
+        init (src.what ());
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+
+      // accessors / modifiers
+
+      inline void DescriptiveException::
+      init (char const* description) throw ()
+      {
+        if (description != 0)
+        {
+          std::strncpy (description_, description, DESCRIPTION_SIZE - 1);
+          description_[DESCRIPTION_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          description_[0] = '\0';
+        }
+      }
+
+      inline char const* DescriptiveException::
+      what () const throw ()
+      {
+        if (description_[0] != '\0')
+        {
+          return description_;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          return Exception::what ();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.tpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.tpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..320216acc2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.tpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/System/DescriptiveException.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace System
+    {
+      template 
+      inline DescriptiveException::
+      DescriptiveException (T const& description) throw ()
+      {
+        init (converter (description).c_str ());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0ed7fbfa975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_EX_H_SYSTEM_EXCEPTION_HPP
+#define UTILITY_EX_H_SYSTEM_EXCEPTION_HPP
+
+#include 
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    namespace System
+    {
+      // This is the only way to make predefined exceptions like
+      // std::bad_alloc, etc to appear in the right place of the hierarchy.
+      //
+
+      typedef std::exception Exception;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_EX_H_SYSTEM_EXCEPTION_HPP
+
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Container.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Container.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d28d5fff0c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Container.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// file      : Utility/Hetero/Container.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_HETERO_CONTAINER_HPP
+#define UTILITY_HETERO_CONTAINER_HPP
+
+#include 
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Hetero
+  {
+    //
+    //
+    //
+    class Typing {};
+
+    //
+    //
+    //
+    class Container
+    {
+    public:
+      ~Container ()
+      {
+        delete holder_;
+      }
+
+    public:
+      template 
+      Container (T const& t)
+          : holder_ (new TypedHolder (t))
+      {
+      }
+
+      Container (Container const& c)
+          : holder_ (c.holder_->clone ())
+      {
+      }
+
+    public:
+      template 
+      Container&
+      operator= (T const& t)
+      {
+        delete holder_;
+        holder_ = 0;
+        holder_ = new TypedHolder (t);
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      Container&
+      operator= (Container const& c)
+      {
+        delete holder_;
+        holder_ = 0;
+        holder_ = c.holder_->clone ();
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+    public:
+      template 
+      operator T& ()
+      {
+        return value ();
+      }
+
+      template 
+      operator T const& () const
+      {
+        return value ();
+      }
+
+    public:
+      template 
+      T&
+      value ()
+      {
+        if (holder_->type () == typeid (T))
+        {
+          return dynamic_cast*>(holder_)->value ();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          throw Typing ();
+        }
+      }
+
+      template 
+      T const&
+      value () const
+      {
+        if (holder_->type () == typeid (T))
+        {
+          return dynamic_cast*>(holder_)->value ();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          throw Typing ();
+        }
+      }
+
+    public:
+      std::type_info const&
+      type () const
+      {
+        return holder_->type ();
+      }
+
+    public:
+      template 
+      friend T
+      operator+ (Container const& a, T const& b)
+      {
+        return a.value () + b;
+      }
+
+      template 
+      friend T
+      operator+ (T const& a, Container const& b)
+      {
+        return a + b.value ();
+      }
+
+    private:
+      struct Holder
+      {
+        virtual
+        ~Holder () {}
+
+        virtual Holder*
+        clone () const = 0;
+
+        virtual std::type_info const&
+        type () const = 0;
+      };
+
+      template 
+      struct TypedHolder : public Holder
+      {
+        TypedHolder (T const& value)
+            : value_ (value)
+        {
+        }
+
+        virtual Holder*
+        clone () const
+        {
+          return new TypedHolder (value_);
+        }
+
+        virtual std::type_info const&
+        type () const
+        {
+          return typeid (T);
+        }
+
+        T const&
+        value () const
+        {
+          return value_;
+        }
+
+        T&
+        value ()
+        {
+          return value_;
+        }
+
+      private:
+        T value_;
+      };
+
+      Holder* holder_;
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_HETERO_CONTAINER_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Shell.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Shell.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0d37a6ba09d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Shell.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// file      : Utility/Hetero/Shell.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_HETERO_SHELL_HPP
+#define UTILITY_HETERO_SHELL_HPP
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Hetero
+  {
+
+    //
+    //
+    //
+    class ShellCore
+    {
+    protected:
+      template 
+      static typename F::RetType
+      apply (F& f, TypedContainer >& c)
+      {
+        if (type_check  (c)) return type_apply (f, c);
+
+        throw Utility::Hetero::Typing ();
+      }
+
+      template 
+      static typename F::RetType
+      apply (F& f, TypedContainer >& c)
+      {
+        if (type_check  (c)) return type_apply (f, c);
+        if (type_check  (c)) return type_apply (f, c);
+
+        throw Utility::Hetero::Typing ();
+      }
+
+      template 
+      static typename F::RetType
+      apply (F& f, TypedContainer >& c)
+      {
+        if (type_check  (c)) return type_apply (f, c);
+        if (type_check  (c)) return type_apply (f, c);
+        if (type_check  (c)) return type_apply (f, c);
+
+        throw Utility::Hetero::Typing ();
+      }
+
+    private:
+      template 
+      static bool
+      type_check (Container& c)
+      {
+        return c.type () == typeid (T);
+      }
+
+      template 
+      static typename F::RetType
+      type_apply (F& f, Container& c)
+      {
+        return f (c. template value ());
+      }
+    };
+
+
+    //
+    //
+    //
+    template 
+    struct Shell : F, ShellCore
+    {
+      using F::operator ();
+
+      template 
+      typename F::RetType
+      operator () (TypedContainer& p)
+      {
+        return apply (*this, p);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_HETERO_SHELL_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/TypeList.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/TypeList.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee7e96c2bcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/TypeList.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// file      : Utility/Hetero/TypeList.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_HETERO_TYPE_LIST_HPP
+#define UTILITY_HETERO_TYPE_LIST_HPP
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Hetero
+  {
+    class NullType {};
+
+    template 
+    struct TypeList
+    {
+      typedef t0 T0;
+      typedef t1 T1;
+      typedef t2 T2;
+    };
+
+    template 
+    struct TypeList
+    {
+      typedef t0 T0;
+      typedef t1 T1;
+    };
+
+    template 
+    struct TypeList
+    {
+      typedef t0 T0;
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct TypeList
+    {
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_HETERO_TYPE_LIST_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/TypedContainer.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/TypedContainer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..67f94bda0ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/TypedContainer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// file      : Utility/Hetero/TypedContainer.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_HETERO_TYPED_CONTAINER_HPP
+#define UTILITY_HETERO_TYPED_CONTAINER_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/Hetero/Container.hpp"
+#include "Utility/Hetero/TypeList.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Hetero
+  {
+    template 
+    class TypedContainer : public Container
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef TL Types;
+
+    public:
+      template 
+      TypedContainer (T const& t)
+          : Container (t)
+      {
+      }
+
+      TypedContainer (TypedContainer const& c)
+          : Container (static_cast (c))
+      {
+      }
+
+    public:
+      template 
+      TypedContainer&
+      operator= (T const& t)
+      {
+        Container& self = *this;
+        self = t;
+        return *this;
+      }
+
+      TypedContainer&
+      operator= (TypedContainer const& c)
+      {
+        Container& self = *this;
+        Container const& other = c;
+        self = other;
+        return *this;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_HETERO_TYPED_CONTAINER_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Vector.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Vector.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3826bd6bb1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Hetero/Vector.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// file      : Utility/Hetero/Vector.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_HETERO_VECTOR_HPP
+#define UTILITY_HETERO_VECTOR_HPP
+
+#include 
+
+#include "Utility/Hetero/TypeList.hpp"
+#include "Utility/Hetero/TypedContainer.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Hetero
+  {
+    template 
+    class Vector;
+
+    template <>
+    class Vector;
+
+    template 
+    class Vector :
+      public std::vector > >
+    {
+    };
+
+    template 
+    class Vector :
+      public std::vector > >
+    {
+    };
+
+    template 
+    class Vector :
+      public std::vector > >
+    {
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_HETERO_VECTOR_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Introspection.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Introspection.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d514f62837a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Introspection.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// file      : Utility/Introspection/Introspection.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_INTROSPECTION_HPP
+#define UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_INTROSPECTION_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/TypeId.hpp"
+#include "Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.hpp"
+#include "Utility/Introspection/Object.hpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_INTROSPECTION_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43f2f67cb51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# file      : Utility/Introspection/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ../..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Archive.pre.rules)
+
+cxx_translation_units := TypeId.cpp Object.cpp
+
+module_base           := Introspection
+
+CXX_PREPROCESS_FLAGS  += -I $(root)
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Archive.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.cpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..015a2736aad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// file      : Utility/Introspection/Object.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/Object.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Introspection
+  {
+    namespace
+    {
+      TypeInfo object_ (typeid (Object));
+    }
+
+    TypeInfo const& Object::
+    static_type_info () throw ()
+    {
+      return object_;
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fdf8228c9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// file      : Utility/Introspection/Object.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_OBJECT_HPP
+#define UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_OBJECT_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Introspection
+  {
+    class Object
+    {
+    public:
+      static TypeInfo const&
+      static_type_info () throw ();
+
+      virtual TypeInfo const&
+      type_info () const throw ();
+
+    protected:
+      virtual
+      ~Object ();
+
+      Object () throw ();
+      Object (Object const&) throw ();
+
+      Object&
+      operator= (Object const&) throw ();
+
+    protected:
+      virtual void
+      type_info (TypeInfo const& tid) throw ();
+
+    private:
+      TypeInfo const* type_info_;
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/Object.ipp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_OBJECT_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7b5de978c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/Object.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// file      : Utility/Introspection/Object.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Introspection
+  {
+    inline TypeInfo const& Object::
+    type_info () const throw ()
+    {
+      return *type_info_;
+    }
+
+    inline Object::
+    ~Object ()
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline Object::
+    Object () throw ()
+    {
+      type_info (static_type_info ());
+    }
+
+
+    inline Object::
+    Object (Object const&) throw ()
+    {
+      type_info (static_type_info ());
+    }
+
+
+    inline Object& Object::
+    operator= (Object const&) throw ()
+    {
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline void Object::
+    type_info (TypeInfo const& tid) throw ()
+    {
+      type_info_ = &tid;
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.cpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a0ceddac2a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// file      : Utility/Introspection/TypeId.cpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/TypeId.hpp"
+
+#include 
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Introspection
+  {
+    std::ostream&
+    operator << (std::ostream& os, TypeId const& t)
+    {
+      return os << t.tid_->name ();
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..51f66f99a0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// file      : Utility/Introspection/TypeId.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_TYPE_ID_HPP
+#define UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_TYPE_ID_HPP
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Introspection
+  {
+    class TypeId
+    {
+    public:
+      template
+      TypeId (T const& t);
+
+      TypeId (std::type_info const& tid);
+
+    public:
+      bool
+      operator == (TypeId const& other) const;
+
+      bool
+      operator != (TypeId const& other) const;
+
+      bool
+      operator < (TypeId const& other) const;
+
+      friend std::ostream&
+      operator << (std::ostream& os, TypeId const& t);
+
+    private:
+      std::type_info const* tid_;
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/TypeId.tpp"
+#include "Utility/Introspection/TypeId.ipp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_TYPE_ID_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..83a5a503517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// file      : Utility/Introspection/TypeId.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+// cvs-id    : $Id$
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Introspection
+  {
+    inline TypeId::
+    TypeId (std::type_info const& tid)
+        : tid_ (&tid)
+    {
+    }
+
+
+    inline bool TypeId::
+    operator == (TypeId const& other) const
+    {
+      return *tid_ == *other.tid_;
+    }
+
+    inline bool TypeId::
+    operator != (TypeId const& other) const
+    {
+      return *tid_ != *other.tid_;
+    }
+
+    inline bool TypeId::
+    operator < (TypeId const& other) const
+    {
+      return tid_->before (*other.tid_);
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.tpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.tpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c3daef603c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeId.tpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// file      : Utility/Introspection/TypeId.tpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Introspection
+  {
+    template
+    inline TypeId::
+    TypeId (T const& t)
+        : tid_ (&typeid (t))
+    {
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4321fdc522c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// file      : Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_TYPE_INFO_HPP
+#define UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_TYPE_INFO_HPP
+
+#include 
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/TypeId.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Introspection
+  {
+    //
+    //
+    //
+    struct Access
+    {
+      enum Value
+      {
+        PRIVATE,
+        PROTECTED,
+        PUBLIC
+      };
+    };
+
+    // Forward declaration of class TypeInfo.
+    //
+    //
+    class TypeInfo;
+
+    //
+    //
+    //
+    class BaseInfo
+    {
+    public:
+      BaseInfo (Access::Value access,
+                bool virtual_base,
+                TypeInfo const& ti);
+
+    public:
+      TypeInfo const&
+      type_info () const;
+
+      Access::Value
+      access () const;
+
+      bool
+      virtual_base () const;
+
+    private:
+      TypeInfo const* ti_;
+      bool virtual_base_;
+      Access::Value access_;
+    };
+
+
+    //
+    //
+    //
+    class TypeInfo
+    {
+    private:
+      typedef
+      std::vector
+      BaseInfoList;
+
+    public:
+      typedef
+      BaseInfoList::const_iterator
+      BaseIterator;
+
+    public:
+      TypeInfo (TypeId const& tid);
+
+      TypeId
+      type_id () const;
+
+      BaseIterator
+      begin_base () const;
+
+      BaseIterator
+      end_base () const;
+
+      void
+      add_base (Access::Value access,
+                bool virtual_base,
+                TypeInfo const& ti);
+
+    private:
+      TypeId tid_;
+      BaseInfoList base_;
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.ipp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_INTROSPECTION_TYPE_INFO_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..395cf7d6539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// file      : Utility/Introspection/TypeInfo.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Introspection
+  {
+    // BaseInfo
+    //
+    //
+
+    inline BaseInfo::
+    BaseInfo (Access::Value access, bool virtual_base, TypeInfo const& ti)
+        : ti_ (&ti),
+          virtual_base_ (virtual_base),
+          access_ (access)
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline TypeInfo const& BaseInfo::
+    type_info () const
+    {
+      return *ti_;
+    }
+
+
+    inline Access::Value BaseInfo::
+    access () const
+    {
+      return access_;
+    }
+
+    inline bool BaseInfo::
+    virtual_base () const
+    {
+      return virtual_base_;
+    }
+
+
+    // TypeInfo
+    //
+    //
+    inline TypeInfo::
+    TypeInfo (TypeId const& tid)
+        : tid_ (tid)
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline TypeId TypeInfo::
+    type_id () const
+    {
+      return tid_;
+    }
+
+    inline TypeInfo::BaseIterator TypeInfo::
+    begin_base () const
+    {
+      return base_.begin ();
+    }
+
+
+    inline TypeInfo::BaseIterator TypeInfo::
+    end_base () const
+    {
+      return base_.end ();
+    }
+
+    inline void TypeInfo::
+    add_base (Access::Value access, bool virtual_base, TypeInfo const& ti)
+    {
+      base_.push_back (BaseInfo (access, virtual_base, ti));
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Makefile b/contrib/utility/Utility/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6951f317fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# file      : Utility/Makefile
+# author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+# license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+root := ..
+
+include $(root)/BuildRules/Bootstrap.rules
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.pre.rules)
+
+target_makefile_list  :=
+target_directory_list := Introspection
+
+$(call include, $(root)/BuildRules/Recursion.post.rules)
+# $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43160c09a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_DEFAULT_IMPL_HPP
+#define UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_DEFAULT_IMPL_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp"
+
+#include "Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp"
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    // Default reference counter implementation with parameterised
+    // synchronization policy. It is assumed that none of the SynchPolicy
+    // types throw any logic exceptions. If in fact they do then these
+    // exceptions won't be handled and will be automatically converted
+    // to system exceptions.
+
+    template 
+    class DefaultImpl : public virtual Interface
+    {
+    public:
+      class InconsistentState_ {};
+      typedef
+      ExH::Compound
+      InconsistentState;
+
+    public:
+      DefaultImpl () throw (SystemException);
+
+      virtual
+      ~DefaultImpl () throw ();
+
+    public:
+      virtual void
+      add_ref () const throw (Exception, SystemException);
+
+      virtual void
+      remove_ref () const throw ();
+
+      virtual count_t
+      refcount_value () const throw (Exception, SystemException);
+
+    protected:
+      virtual void
+      add_ref_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException);
+
+      virtual bool
+      remove_ref_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException);
+
+      virtual count_t
+      refcount_value_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException);
+
+      typename SynchPolicy::Mutex&
+      lock_i () const throw ();
+
+    protected:
+      typedef
+      typename SynchPolicy::Mutex
+      Mutex_;
+
+      typedef
+      typename SynchPolicy::ReadGuard
+      ReadGuard_;
+
+      typedef
+      typename SynchPolicy::WriteGuard
+      WriteGuard_;
+
+    protected:
+      mutable count_t ref_count_;
+
+    private:
+      mutable Mutex_  lock_;
+
+    private:
+      // Copy semanic is not supported.
+      DefaultImpl (DefaultImpl const&) throw ();
+      DefaultImpl&
+      operator= (DefaultImpl const&) throw ();
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.ipp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_DEFAULT_IMPL_HPP
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bac28c77ea2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    // c-tor & d-tor
+
+    template 
+    DefaultImpl::
+    DefaultImpl () throw (Interface::SystemException)
+        : ref_count_ (1),
+          lock_ ()
+    {
+    }
+
+    template 
+    DefaultImpl::
+    ~DefaultImpl () throw ()
+    {
+    }
+
+    // add_ref, remove_ref and refcount_value member functions
+
+    template 
+    void DefaultImpl::
+    add_ref () const throw (Exception, SystemException)
+    {
+      WriteGuard_ guard (lock_);
+      add_ref_i ();
+    }
+
+    template 
+    void DefaultImpl::
+    remove_ref () const throw ()
+    {
+      bool destroy (false);
+      try
+      {
+        WriteGuard_ guard (lock_);
+        destroy = remove_ref_i ();
+      }
+      catch (...)
+      {
+        // there is nothing we can do
+      }
+
+      if (destroy) delete this;
+    }
+
+    template 
+    Interface::count_t DefaultImpl::
+    refcount_value () const throw (Exception, SystemException)
+    {
+      ReadGuard_ guard (lock_);
+      return refcount_value_i ();
+    }
+
+    // add_ref_i, remove_ref_i and refcount_value_i member functions
+
+    template 
+    void DefaultImpl::
+    add_ref_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException)
+    {
+      ref_count_++;
+    }
+
+    template 
+    bool DefaultImpl::
+    remove_ref_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException)
+    {
+      bool destroy (false);
+      if (ref_count_ > 0)
+      {
+        if (--ref_count_ == 0) destroy = true;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        throw InconsistentState (
+          "Utility::ReferenceCounting::DefaultImpl::_remove_ref_i: "
+          "reference counter is zero.");
+      }
+      return destroy;
+
+    }
+
+    template 
+    Interface::count_t DefaultImpl::
+    refcount_value_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException)
+    {
+      return ref_count_;
+    }
+
+    template 
+    typename SynchPolicy::Mutex& DefaultImpl::
+    lock_i() const throw ()
+    {
+      return lock_;
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20346e859b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_EXTERNAL_LOCK_IMPL_HPP
+#define UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_EXTERNAL_LOCK_IMPL_HPP
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+
+    /*
+
+    Not ported yet.
+
+    class ExternalLockRefCounter : public virtual Util::RefCountBase
+    {
+    public:
+      ExternalLockRefCounter (ACE_Lock* lock = 0);
+      virtual ~ExternalLockRefCounter ();
+
+      void init (ACE_Lock* lock);
+
+    public:
+
+      virtual void _add_ref ();
+      virtual void _remove_ref ();
+      virtual unsigned long _refcount_value ();
+
+    protected:
+
+      virtual void _add_ref_i ();
+      virtual bool _remove_ref_i ();
+      virtual unsigned long _refcount_value_i ();
+
+      ACE_Lock* lock_i ();
+
+    private:
+
+      typedef ACE_Guard  Guard_;
+
+      ACE_Lock* lock_;
+      unsigned long ref_count_;
+
+    private:
+      ExternalLockRefCounter (const ExternalLockRefCounter& );
+      void operator= (const ExternalLockRefCounter& );
+    };
+
+    */
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.ipp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_EXTERNAL_LOCK_IMPL_HPP
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7552d411f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/ExternalLockImpl.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    /*
+    inline
+    ExternalLockRefCounter::ExternalLockRefCounter (ACE_Lock* lock)
+        : lock_ (lock),
+          ref_count_ (1)
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    ExternalLockRefCounter::init (ACE_Lock* lock)
+    {
+      lock_ = lock;
+    }
+
+    inline
+    ExternalLockRefCounter::~ExternalLockRefCounter ()
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline
+    ACE_Lock*
+    ExternalLockRefCounter::lock_i ()
+    {
+      return lock_;
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    ExternalLockRefCounter::_add_ref ()
+    {
+      if (lock_)
+      {
+        Guard_ guard (*lock_);
+        _add_ref_i ();
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        _add_ref_i ();
+      }
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    ExternalLockRefCounter::_remove_ref ()
+    {
+      bool destroy = false;
+      {
+        if (lock_)
+        {
+          Guard_ guard (*lock_);
+          destroy = _remove_ref_i ();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          destroy = _remove_ref_i ();
+        }
+      }
+      if (destroy) delete this;
+    }
+
+    inline
+    unsigned long
+    ExternalLockRefCounter::_refcount_value ()
+    {
+      if (lock_)
+      {
+        Guard_ guard (*lock_);
+        return _refcount_value_i ();
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return _refcount_value_i ();
+      }
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    ExternalLockRefCounter::_add_ref_i ()
+    {
+      ref_count_++;
+    }
+
+    inline
+    bool
+    ExternalLockRefCounter::_remove_ref_i ()
+    {
+      bool destroy = false;
+      if (ref_count_ > 0)
+      {
+        if (--ref_count_ == 0) destroy = true;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        ACE_ERROR ((LM_ERROR,
+                    "ExternalLockRefCounter::_remove_ref() "
+                    " _remove_ref() called while ref_coundt == 0\n"
+                   ));
+      }
+      return destroy;
+    }
+
+    inline
+    unsigned long
+    ExternalLockRefCounter::_refcount_value_i ()
+    {
+      return ref_count_;
+    }
+    */
+  }
+}
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9231860b84a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_INTERFACE_HPP
+#define UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_INTERFACE_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/System/Exception.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/Exception.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    // Interface to a reference-countable object. Note that _remove_ref ()
+    // member function has a no-throw semantic. Even though it can lead to
+    // a diagnostic loss it was made no-throw because it has a destructor
+    // semantic.
+
+    class Interface
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef
+      unsigned long
+      count_t;
+
+      typedef
+      ExH::System::Exception
+      SystemException;
+
+      class Exception_ {};
+      typedef
+      ExH::Compound
+      Exception;
+
+    public:
+      virtual void
+      add_ref () const throw (Exception, SystemException) = 0;
+
+      virtual void
+      remove_ref () const throw () = 0;
+
+      virtual count_t
+      refcount_value () const throw (Exception, SystemException) = 0;
+
+    protected:
+      Interface () throw ();
+
+      virtual
+      ~Interface () throw ();
+
+    protected:
+      virtual void
+      add_ref_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException) = 0;
+
+      virtual bool
+      remove_ref_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException) = 0;
+
+      virtual count_t
+      refcount_value_i () const throw (Exception, SystemException) = 0;
+
+    private:
+      // Copy semanic is not supported.
+      Interface (Interface const&) throw ();
+      Interface&
+      operator= (Interface const&) throw ();
+    };
+
+    template 
+    Type*
+    add_ref (Type* ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.tpp"
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.ipp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_INTERFACE_HPP
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f901db4b248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    inline Interface::
+    ~Interface () throw ()
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline Interface::
+    Interface () throw ()
+    {
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.tpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.tpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6a6a1d2d263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.tpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.tpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    template 
+    inline Type*
+    add_ref (Type* ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+    {
+      if (ptr != 0) ptr->add_ref ();
+      return ptr;
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/ReferenceCounting.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/ReferenceCounting.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a20fe0d888c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/ReferenceCounting.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/ReferenceCounting.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_REFERENCE_COUNTING_HPP
+#define UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_REFERENCE_COUNTING_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/DefaultImpl.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_REFERENCE_COUNTING_HPP
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..682f0678ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_SMART_PTR_HPP
+#define UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_SMART_PTR_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp"
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    template 
+    class SmartPtr
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef
+      T
+      Type;
+
+      class NotInitialized_ {};
+      typedef
+      ExH::Compound
+      NotInitialized;
+
+    public:
+      // c-tor's
+
+      SmartPtr () throw ();
+      SmartPtr (Type* ptr) throw ();
+      SmartPtr (SmartPtr const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      template 
+      SmartPtr (SmartPtr const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      // d-tor
+
+      ~SmartPtr () throw ();
+
+      // assignment & copy-assignment operators
+
+      SmartPtr&
+      operator= (Type* ptr) throw ();
+
+      SmartPtr&
+      operator= (SmartPtr const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      template 
+      SmartPtr&
+      operator= (SmartPtr const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      //conversions
+
+      operator Type* () const throw ();
+
+      // accessors
+
+      Type*
+      operator-> () const throw (NotInitialized);
+
+      Type*
+      in () const throw ();
+
+      Type*
+      retn() throw ();
+
+    private:
+      Type* ptr_;
+    };
+
+    // Specialization of add_ref function for SmartPtr
+    template 
+    T*
+    add_ref (SmartPtr const& ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+
+    // Dynamic type conversion function for SmartPtr's
+    template 
+    D*
+    smart_cast (SmartPtr const& s)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+    // Acquisition function
+    template 
+    SmartPtr
+    acquire (T* ptr) throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.tpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_SMART_PTR_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.tpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.tpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6596c67f1b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.tpp
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/SmartPtr.tpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    // c-tor's & d-tor
+
+    template 
+    SmartPtr::
+    SmartPtr () throw ()
+        : ptr_ (0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template 
+    SmartPtr::
+    SmartPtr (Type* ptr) throw ()
+        : ptr_ (ptr)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template 
+    SmartPtr::
+    SmartPtr (SmartPtr const& s_ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+        : ptr_ (add_ref (s_ptr.in ()))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template 
+    template 
+    SmartPtr::
+    SmartPtr (SmartPtr const& s_ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+        : ptr_ (add_ref (s_ptr.in ()))
+    {
+    }
+
+
+    template 
+    SmartPtr::
+    ~SmartPtr () throw ()
+    {
+      // This is an additional catch-all layer to protect from
+      // non-conformant Type.
+      try
+      {
+        if (ptr_ != 0) ptr_->remove_ref ();
+      }
+      catch (...)
+      {
+      }
+    }
+
+    // operator=
+
+    template 
+    SmartPtr& SmartPtr::
+    operator= (Type* ptr) throw ()
+    {
+      if (ptr_ != 0) ptr_->remove_ref ();
+      ptr_ = ptr;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    template 
+    SmartPtr& SmartPtr::
+    operator= (SmartPtr const& s_ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+    {
+      Type* old_ptr (ptr_);
+      Type* new_ptr (add_ref (s_ptr.in ())); // this can throw
+      if (old_ptr != 0) old_ptr->remove_ref ();
+
+      ptr_ = new_ptr; // commit
+
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    template 
+    template 
+    SmartPtr& SmartPtr::
+    operator= (SmartPtr const& s_ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+    {
+      Type*  old_ptr (ptr_);
+      Other* new_ptr (add_ref (s_ptr.in ())); // this can throw
+      if (old_ptr != 0) old_ptr->remove_ref ();
+
+      ptr_ = new_ptr; // commit
+
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    // conversions
+
+    template 
+    SmartPtr::
+    operator T* () const throw ()
+    {
+      return ptr_;
+    }
+
+
+    // accessors
+
+    template 
+    T* SmartPtr::
+    operator-> () const throw (NotInitialized)
+    {
+      if (ptr_ == 0)
+      {
+        throw NotInitialized(
+          "Utility::ReferenceCounting::SmartPtr::operator-> : "
+          "unable to dereference NULL pointer.");
+      }
+      return ptr_;
+    }
+
+    template 
+    T* SmartPtr::
+    in () const throw ()
+    {
+      return ptr_;
+    }
+
+    template 
+    T* SmartPtr::
+    retn() throw ()
+    {
+      Type* ret (ptr_);
+      ptr_ = 0;
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    // Specialization of add_ref function for SmartPtr
+    template 
+    T*
+    add_ref (SmartPtr const& ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+    {
+      // delegate to generic implementation
+      return add_ref (ptr.in ());
+    }
+
+    // Dynamic type conversion function for SmartPtr's
+    template 
+    D*
+    smart_cast (SmartPtr const& s)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+    {
+      return add_ref (dynamic_cast(s.in ()));
+    }
+
+    // Acquisition function
+    template 
+    SmartPtr
+    acquire (T* ptr) throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+    {
+      return SmartPtr (ptr);
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c88c90d5e50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_STRICT_PTR_HPP
+#define UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_STRICT_PTR_HPP
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Compound.hpp"
+#include "Utility/ExH/Logic/DescriptiveException.hpp"
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/Interface.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    template 
+    class StrictPtr
+    {
+    public:
+      typedef
+      T
+      Type;
+
+      class NotInitialized_ {};
+      typedef
+      ExH::Compound
+      NotInitialized;
+
+    public:
+      // c-tor's
+
+      StrictPtr () throw ();
+
+      explicit
+      StrictPtr (Type* ptr) throw ();
+
+      StrictPtr (StrictPtr const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      template 
+      StrictPtr (StrictPtr const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+      // d-tor
+
+      ~StrictPtr () throw ();
+
+      // assignment & copy-assignment operators
+
+      StrictPtr&
+      operator= (Type* ptr) throw ();
+
+      StrictPtr&
+      operator= (StrictPtr const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      template 
+      StrictPtr&
+      operator= (StrictPtr const& s_ptr)
+        throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+      // conversions
+
+      // Note: implicit conversion (operator Type* ()) is not supported.
+
+      // comparison
+
+      bool
+      operator== (Type* other) const throw ();
+
+      bool
+      operator!= (Type* other) const throw ();
+
+      // accessors
+
+      Type*
+      operator-> () const throw (NotInitialized);
+
+      Type*
+      in () const throw ();
+
+      Type*
+      retn() throw ();
+
+    private:
+      Type* ptr_;
+    };
+
+    // Specialization of add_ref function for StrictPtr
+    template 
+    T*
+    add_ref (StrictPtr const& ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+
+    // Dynamic type conversion function for StrictPtr's
+    template 
+    StrictPtr
+    strict_cast (StrictPtr const& s)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException);
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.tpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_REFERENCE_COUNTING_STRICT_PTR_HPP
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.tpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.tpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6a30188119c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.tpp
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// file      : Utility/ReferenceCounting/StrictPtr.tpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ReferenceCounting
+  {
+    // c-tor's & d-tor
+
+    template 
+    StrictPtr::
+    StrictPtr () throw ()
+        : ptr_ (0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template 
+    StrictPtr::
+    StrictPtr (Type* ptr) throw ()
+        : ptr_ (ptr)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template 
+    StrictPtr::
+    StrictPtr (StrictPtr const& s_ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+        : ptr_ (add_ref (s_ptr.in ()))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template 
+    template 
+    StrictPtr::
+    StrictPtr (StrictPtr const& s_ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+        : ptr_ (add_ref (s_ptr.in ()))
+    {
+    }
+
+
+    template 
+    StrictPtr::
+    ~StrictPtr () throw ()
+    {
+      // This is an additional catch-all layer to protect from
+      // non-conformant Type.
+      try
+      {
+        if (ptr_ != 0) ptr_->remove_ref ();
+      }
+      catch (...)
+      {
+      }
+    }
+
+    // operator=
+
+    template 
+    StrictPtr&
+    StrictPtr::operator= (Type* ptr) throw ()
+    {
+      if (ptr_ != 0) ptr_->remove_ref ();
+      ptr_ = ptr;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    template 
+    StrictPtr& StrictPtr::
+    operator= (StrictPtr const& s_ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+    {
+      Type* old_ptr (ptr_);
+      Type* new_ptr (add_ref (s_ptr.in ())); // this can throw
+      if (old_ptr != 0) old_ptr->remove_ref ();
+
+      ptr_ = new_ptr; // commit
+
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    template 
+    template 
+    StrictPtr& StrictPtr::
+    operator= (StrictPtr const& s_ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+    {
+      Type*  old_ptr (ptr_);
+      Other* new_ptr (add_ref (s_ptr.in ())); // this can throw
+      if (old_ptr != 0) old_ptr->remove_ref ();
+
+      ptr_ = new_ptr; // commit
+
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    // comparison
+
+    template 
+    bool StrictPtr::
+    operator== (Type* other) const throw ()
+    {
+      return ptr_ == other;
+    }
+
+    template 
+    bool StrictPtr::
+    operator!= (Type* other) const throw ()
+    {
+      return ptr_ != other;
+    }
+
+    // accessors
+
+    template 
+    T* StrictPtr::
+    operator-> () const throw (NotInitialized)
+    {
+      if (ptr_ == 0)
+      {
+        throw NotInitialized(
+          "Utility::ReferenceCounting::StrictPtr::operator-> : "
+          "unable to dereference NULL pointer.");
+      }
+      return ptr_;
+    }
+
+    template 
+    T* StrictPtr::
+    in () const throw ()
+    {
+      return ptr_;
+    }
+
+    template 
+    T* StrictPtr::
+    retn() throw ()
+    {
+      Type* ret (ptr_);
+      ptr_ = 0;
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+    // Specialization of add_ref function for StrictPtr
+    template 
+    T*
+    add_ref (StrictPtr const& ptr)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+    {
+      // delegate to generic implementation
+      return add_ref (ptr.in ());
+    }
+
+    // Dynamic type conversion function for StrictPtr's
+    template 
+    StrictPtr
+    strict_cast (StrictPtr const& s)
+      throw (Interface::Exception, Interface::SystemException)
+    {
+      return StrictPtr(add_ref (dynamic_cast(s.in ())));
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cfc9c8f788e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// file      : Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_SYNCH_POLICY_NULL_HPP
+#define UTILITY_SYNCH_POLICY_NULL_HPP
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Synch
+  {
+    namespace Policy
+    {
+
+      class NullMutex
+      {
+      };
+
+      class NullGuard
+      {
+      public:
+        explicit
+        NullGuard (NullMutex&) throw ();
+
+      private:
+        NullGuard (NullGuard const&) throw ();
+
+        NullGuard&
+        operator= (NullGuard const&) throw ();
+      };
+
+      struct Null
+      {
+        typedef
+        NullMutex
+        Mutex;
+
+        typedef
+        NullGuard
+        ReadGuard;
+
+        typedef
+        NullGuard
+        WriteGuard;
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.ipp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_SYNCH_POLICY_NULL_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.ipp b/contrib/utility/Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dbc4c78b698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// file      : Utility/Synch/Policy/Null.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace Synch
+  {
+    namespace Policy
+    {
+      inline NullGuard::
+      NullGuard (NullMutex&) throw ()
+      {
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Vault/StringConverter.hpp b/contrib/utility/Vault/StringConverter.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0bcb94676b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Vault/StringConverter.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/StringConverter.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_EX_H_STRING_CONVERTER_HPP
+#define UTILITY_EX_H_STRING_CONVERTER_HPP
+
+#include 
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/Converter.hpp"
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    template <>
+    char const*
+    converter (std::string const& t) throw ();
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/ExH/StringConverter.ipp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_EX_H_STRING_CONVERTER_HPP
+
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Vault/StringConverter.ipp b/contrib/utility/Vault/StringConverter.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c508c8c752a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Vault/StringConverter.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// file      : Utility/ExH/StringConverter.ipp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace ExH
+  {
+    template <>
+    inline char const*
+    converter (std::string const& t) throw ()
+    {
+      return t.c_str ();
+    }
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map b/contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0a6113e5c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// file      : Utility/hetero/map
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_HETERO_MAP
+#define UTILITY_HETERO_MAP
+
+#include "Utility/hetero/map.hpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_HETERO_MAP
+
+// $Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map.hpp b/contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b6a3e920633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+// file      : Utility/hetero/map.hpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+#ifndef UTILITY_HETERO_MAP_HPP
+#define UTILITY_HETERO_MAP_HPP
+
+#include 
+#include 
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace hetero
+  {
+    template 
+    class map
+    {
+    private:
+      struct ValueBase
+      {
+        virtual
+        ~ValueBase () {}
+      };
+
+      template 
+      class Value : public ValueBase
+      {
+      public:
+        Value (T const& t)
+            : t_ (t)
+        {
+        }
+
+        T t_;
+      };
+
+      typedef
+      std::map
+      ValueMap;
+
+      typedef
+      typename std::map::value_type
+      ValueType;
+
+    public:
+
+      class Typing {};
+
+      template 
+      struct type
+      {
+        typedef std::pair  value_type;
+      };
+
+      template 
+      struct Pair
+      {
+        First first;
+
+        Pair ()
+            : first (),
+              second_ (0)
+        {
+        }
+
+        Pair (First const& k, ValueBase* v)
+            : first (k),
+              second_ (v)
+        {
+        }
+
+        template 
+        T&
+        second () throw (Typing)
+        {
+          Value* v = dynamic_cast*> (second_);
+          if (v == 0) throw Typing ();
+
+          return v->t_;
+        }
+
+        template 
+        T const&
+        second () const throw (Typing)
+        {
+          Value* v = dynamic_cast*> (second_);
+          if (v == 0) throw Typing ();
+
+          return v->t_;
+        }
+
+      private:
+        ValueBase* second_;
+      };
+
+      friend
+      class iterator
+      {
+      public:
+        iterator (typename ValueMap::iterator const& i)
+            : i_ (i)
+        {
+        }
+
+      public:
+
+        Pair&
+        operator* ()
+        {
+          current_ = Pair (i_->first, i_->second);
+          return current_;
+        }
+
+        Pair*
+        operator-> ()
+        {
+          current_ = Pair (i_->first, i_->second);
+          return ¤t_;
+        }
+
+      public:
+        bool
+        operator== (iterator const& other)
+        {
+          return i_ == other.i_;
+        }
+
+        bool
+        operator!= (iterator const& other)
+        {
+          return i_ != other.i_;
+        }
+
+      private:
+        typename ValueMap::iterator i_;
+        Pair current_;
+      };
+
+
+      friend
+      class const_iterator
+      {
+      public:
+        const_iterator (typename ValueMap::const_iterator const& i)
+            : i_ (i)
+        {
+        }
+
+      public:
+
+        Pair const&
+        operator* ()
+        {
+          current_ = Pair (i_->first, i_->second);
+          return current_;
+        }
+
+        Pair const*
+        operator-> ()
+        {
+          current_ = Pair (i_->first, i_->second);
+          return ¤t_;
+        }
+
+      public:
+        bool
+        operator== (const_iterator const& other)
+        {
+          return i_ == other.i_;
+        }
+
+        bool
+        operator!= (const_iterator const& other)
+        {
+          return i_ != other.i_;
+        }
+
+      private:
+        typename ValueMap::const_iterator i_;
+        Pair current_;
+      };
+
+    public:
+      iterator
+      begin ()
+      {
+        return iterator (map_.begin ());
+      }
+
+      const_iterator
+      begin () const
+      {
+        return const_iterator (map_.begin ());
+      }
+
+      iterator
+      end ()
+      {
+        return iterator (map_.end ());
+      }
+
+      const_iterator
+      end () const
+      {
+        return const_iterator (map_.end ());
+      }
+
+    public:
+
+      template 
+      bool
+      insert (std::pair  const& x)
+      {
+        ValueType v (x.first, new Value (x.second));
+        return map_.insert (v).second;
+      }
+
+      template 
+      bool
+      insert (Key const& k, T const& t)
+      {
+        ValueType v (k, new Value (t));
+        return map_.insert (v).second;
+      }
+
+    public:
+      iterator
+      find (Key const& k)
+      {
+        return iterator (map_.find (k));
+      }
+
+      const_iterator
+      find (Key const& k) const
+      {
+        return const_iterator (map_.find (k));
+      }
+
+    private:
+      ValueMap map_;
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+#include "Utility/hetero/map.tpp"
+
+#endif  // UTILITY_HETERO_MAP_HPP
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map.tpp b/contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map.tpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f2e0dfe69b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Vault/hetero/map.tpp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// file      : utility/hetero/map.tpp
+// author    : Boris Kolpackov 
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Boris Kolpackov
+// license   : http://kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+namespace Utility
+{
+  namespace hetero
+  {
+  }
+}
+//$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/Version b/contrib/utility/Version
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..937a6c086f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/Version
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+1.2.2
+
+$Id$
diff --git a/contrib/utility/license.html b/contrib/utility/license.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9563d7dadfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/utility/license.html
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  kolpackov.net/license.html
+
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+
+  
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+  
This software or documentation is provided 'as-is', without any
+     express or implied warranty.  In no event will the author or contributors
+     be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software
+     or documentation.

+
+  
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software or documentation
+     for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and
+     redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:

+
+

+
+  
1. The origin of this software or documentation must not be
+        misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original
+        software or documentation. If you use this software or
+        documentation in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
+        documentation would be appreciated but is not required.

+
+  
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must
+        not be misrepresented as being the original software or documentation.
+        Altered source versions may be contributed back to the author to be
+        integrated into the original software or documentation at the 
+        author's discretion.

+
+  
3. Neither this notice or reference to it nor any copyright, author or
+        contributor clause may be removed from or altered in any software 
+        source distribution or documentation covered by this license.

+
+  
4. Neither the name of the author, nor the names of contributors may be
+        used to endorse or promote products derived from this software or
+        documentation without specific prior written permission.

+
+

+
+

+

+
+
+
+
-- 
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