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<!-- $Id$ -->
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Options for TAO Components</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY text=#000000 vLink=#ff0f0f link=#000fff bgColor=#ffffff>
<HR>
<P>
<H2 align=center>Options for TAO Components</H2>
<H3>Table of Contents</H3>
<UL>
<LI><A
href="#MOT">Introduction </A>
<LI><A href="#EXP">TAO's ORB Configuration Options</A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="#EV">Environment Variables</A>
<LI><A href="#CLO">Command-line Options</A>
<UL>
<LI><A
href="#CSCB">Controling Service Configurator Behavior </A>
<LI><A
href="#CDI">Controlling Debugging Information </A>
<LI><A
href="#ORP">Optimizing Request Processing </A>
<LI><A
href="#CMPS">Connection Management and Protocol Selection </A>
<LI><A
href="#MO">Miscellaneous Options </A></LI></UL>
<LI><A href="#SVC">Service Configuration File </A>
<UL>
<LI><A href="#TRF">Simple and Advanced Resource Factories </A>
<UL>
<LI><A
href="#TDRF">TAO_Default_Resource_Factory
</A>
<LI><A
href="#TARF">TAO_Advanced_Resource_Factory
</A></LI></UL>
<LI><A
href="#TSSF">Server_Strategy_Factory
</A>
<LI><A
href="#TCSF">Client_Strategy_Factory
</A></LI></UL></LI></UL></LI></UL>
<HR>
<H3><B><A name=MOT>Introduction</A></B></H3>
TAO is a highly flexible ORB that contains a wide range of ORB
configuration options. One or more of these options can be combined
to meet various application requirements, such as low-latency,
predictable real-time behavior, or small memory footprint. TAO's ORB
configuration options are managed by an object-oriented framework
within the ORB Core that contains the following types of entities:
<UL>
<LI><B>Settings</B>, which are options that can be assigned values
differing from their default settings. Examples include setting the
size of a Portable Object Adapter (POA)'s active object map or
configuring the ORB to print debugging information as it processes
requests. A few of these are run-time options, while a majority of
them are compile-time options. <P>
<LI><B>Resources</B>, which are objects used internally by TAO, such
as a <EM>reactor</EM> framework that demultiplexes new connection and
data requests from a client or <EM>synchronization mechanisms</EM>
used to regulate access to certain parts of the ORB.<P>
<LI><B>Strategies</B>, which are objects that use the <B>Resource</B>
entities to perform various ORB tasks, such as connection management,
concurrency, and demultiplexing. <P>
<LI><B>Factories</B>, which TAO uses to create and consolidate its
many resources and strategies into a manageable number of factories
that can be (re)configured into the ORB conveniently and consistently
by ORB and application developers. <P>
</UL>
The set of TAO ORB configuration options that are represented by the
settings, resources, strategies, and factories can be specified via
<B>environment variables</B>, <B>service configuration files</B>, and
<B>command-line arguments</B>, as outlined below:
<UL>
<LI> <B>Environment variables</B> are limited to specifying the
interoperable object reference (IOR) and port number of TAO's Naming
Service, Trading Service and Implementation Repository. They are very
limited in flexibility and dont provide the most important
configuration hooks necessary to configure TAO for real-time and
high-performance applications.<P>
<LI> <B>Command-line options</B> are passed to the ORB initialization
factory method, <CODE>CORBA::ORB_init()</CODE>, by an application
using the standard <i>argc, argv</i> tuple passed to the application's
<CODE>main()</CODE>. Most of the options that can be exercised through
environment variables can also be manipulated through command-line
options. The command-line options are preferred over environment
variables if there is a conflict. <p>
<LI> The <B>Service Configurator</B> is a framework that can be used
to statically and dynamically configure components into middleware and
applications. The information comprising the names of these
components and their corresponding options are specified in a service
configurator file, whose default file name is <font face="Courier
New">svc.conf</font>. The service configurator is opened and processed
by the ORB in <CODE>CORBA::ORB_init()</CODE>. The service configurator
processing is done after the command line options have been parsed.<P>
</UL>
<P><HR align=left width=25%><P>
<h3>Choosing the Right Approach</h3>
TAO's command-line options are useful when there's a fixed set of
configuration options, each of which has a predefined list of
alternative values. Conversely, TAO's service configurator file is
useful for configuring a broader range of resources, strategies, and
factories. Generally speaking, the service configurator file allows
the user to <br>
<Ul>
<li>configure the existing components (<EM>i.e.</EM>, resources,
strategies and factories) based on the predefined list of
alternatives that TAO provides or<P>
</li>
<li>extend the existing factories by providing user-defined
components and dynamically load them through the service
configurator mechanism. </li>
</Ul>
Additionally, the service configurator mechanism allows an
application to control the behavior of the ORB using extensible
configuration information.
In general, the command-line configuration options are provided in TAO
in order to leverage preexisting configuration settings that are
compiled within the TAO ORB. Users are not allowed to change these
settings. In contrast, those options that require more flexible
manipulation of resources, strategies, and factories must be
configured via <A HREF="#SVC">service configuration files</A>. As a
result, the command-line options and the service configurator options
cannot be used interchangeably. <P>
<HR>
<H3><B><A name=EXP>TAO's ORB Configuration Options</A></B></H3>
This section provides a detailed overview of how to configure TAO's
options using environment variables, command-line options, and service
configuration files.<P>
<HR align=left width=25%>
<h3><A name=EV>Environment Variables</A></h3>
As mentioned earlier, environment variables have a limited use in TAO
ORB configuration. The currently supported environment variables are
listed below. They are used to specify the IOR and port numbers for
three of TAO's ORB services.
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Environment Variable</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>NameServiceIOR</CODE> <EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies the IOR for the Naming Service that can be used to
bootstrap the Naming Service object reference within an
application. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>NameServicePort</CODE> <EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies which port the Naming Service is listening on for
multicast requests. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>TradingServiceIOR</CODE> <EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies the IOR for the Trading Service. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>TradingServicePort</CODE> <EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies which port the Trading Service is listening on for
multicast requests. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>ImplRepoServiceIOR</CODE> <EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies the IOR for the Implementation Repository. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>ImplRepoServicePort</CODE> <EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies which port the Implementation Repository is listening on
for multicast requests. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
In general, setting environment variables is not particularly portable
or convenient, which is why users can also set these options via
command-line options. The example shown below demonstrates a
deployment scenario where the client and Naming Service run on the
same host: <P>
<code>
% NameService.exe -ORBEndpoint iiop://localhost:12345
</CODE><P>
<CODE>
% client.exe -ORBInitRef NameService=iiop://localhost:12345"
</code><P>
An explanation of these command-line options appears below. <P>
<HR align=left width=25%>
<H3><A name=CLO>Command-line Options</A></h3>
TAO's run-time behavior can also be controlled by passing options via
the CORBA initialization method <CODE>CORBA::ORB_init()</CODE>. ORB
initialization options are commonly passed into the program from the
command-line, using the <CODE>argc</CODE> and <CODE>argv</CODE>
parameters available to the <CODE>main()</CODE> function. <P>
Command-line options can be classified into the following groups
according to their purposes:</P>
<OL>
<LI><A
href="#CSCB">Controlling
Service Configurator Behavior</A>
<LI><A href="#CDI">Controlling
Debugging Information</A>
<LI><A href="#ORP">Optimizing
Request Processing</A>
<LI><A href="#CMPS">Connection
Management and Protocol Selection</A>
<LI><A
href="#MO">Miscellaneous
Options</A>
</OL>
We describe each of these five groups of options below. <P>
<h4><A name=CSCB>1. Controlling Service Configurator Behavior</A></h4>
The options described below influence the behavior of the ORB's <A
HREF="#SVC">service configurator</CODE>,
which is opened and processed <EM>after</EM> the command-line options
have been parsed. <P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Option</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBSvcConf</CODE> <EM>config filename</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies the name of the file used to read
service configuration directives via the Service
Configurator framework. By
default, a service configurator-based application will look for a file
named <CODE>"svc.conf"</CODE> in the current directory. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBSvcConfDirective</CODE> <EM>directivestring</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies a service configuration directive, which is passed to
the Service Configurator. You can pass multiple of these options on
the same command-line. </TD></TR>
</TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<h4><A name=CDI>2. Controlling Debugging Information</A></h4>
During application development and testing, it is often necessary to
control the amount and type of debugging information output by the
ORB. The following options enable TAO to provide debugging
information at several levels of granularity.<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Option</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBDebug</CODE></TD>
<TD>Instructs the ORB to print debugging messages from the
service configurator framework. This option does not have a
value but is used as a toggle to enable or disable debugging
messages.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBDebugLevel </CODE><EM>level</EM></TD>
<TD>Control the level of debugging in the ORB.
Higher numbers generate more output (try 10). The default value
of this option is 0.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBLogFile</CODE> <EM>Logfilename</EM></TD>
<TD>Causes all <CODE>ACE_DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>ACE_ERROR</CODE>
output to be redirected to the designated
<CODE>Logfilename</CODE>. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBObjRefStyle</CODE> <EM>IOR/URL</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies the user-visible style of object references.
The <CODE>IOR</CODE> style (default) is the conventional CORBA object
reference, whereas the <CODE>URL</CODE> style looks more like a URL.
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<h4><A name=ORP>3. Optimizing Request Processing</A></h4>
It is often possible to <A HREF="performance.html">increase TAO's
throughput and reduce latency</A> by optimizing certain stages of
request processing in the ORB. The following command-line options
control various optimizations during request processing.<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Option</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBCDRTradeoff</CODE> <EM>maxsize</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBCDRTradeoff></A>Control the strategy to tradeoff between
copy vs. no copy marshaling of octet sequences. If an octet sequence is
smaller than <CODE>maxsize</CODE> (which defaults to
<CODE>ACE_DEFAULT_CDR_MEMORY_TRADEOFF</CODE>) -- and the
current message block contains
enough space for it -- the octet sequence is copied instead of
appended to the CDR stream.
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBCollocation</CODE> <EM>global/per-orb/no</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBCollocation></A>Specifies the use of collocation object
optimization. If <CODE>global</CODE> is specified (default),
objects in the same process will be treated as
collocated. If <CODE>per-orb</CODE> is specified,
only objects in the same ORB are treated as collocated. When
<EM>no</EM>
is specified, no objects are treated as collocated. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBCollocationStrategy</CODE> <EM>thru_poa/direct</EM> </TD>
<TD>Specifies what type of collocated object to use. If the
<CODE>thru_poa</CODE> (default) strategy is used, TAO uses the
collocation object implementation that respects POA's
current state and policies. When using the
<CODE>direct</CODE> strategy, method invocations on
collocated
objects become direct calls to servant without checking POA's status,
which can increase performance. If you use the
<CODE>direct</CODE> strategy, your interfaces must be
compiled with the
<CODE><A
href="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE_wrappers/TAO/docs/compiler.html#collocation-stubs">-Gd</A></CODE> IDL <A HREF="compiler.html">compiler option</a>. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBNodelay</CODE> <EM>boolean (0|1)</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBNodelay></A>Enable or disable the <CODE>TCP_NODELAY</CODE>
option (Nagle's algorithm). By
default, <CODE>TCP_NODELAY</CODE> is enabled.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBRcvSock</CODE> <EM>receive buffer size</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBRcvSock></A>Specify the size of the socket receive
buffer as a positive, non-zero integer. If not specified, the
<CODE>ACE_DEFAULT_MAX_SOCKET_BUFSIZ</CODE> default is used.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBSndSock</CODE> <EM>send buffer size</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBSndSock></A>Specify the size of the socket send buffer
as a positive, non-zero integer. If not specified, the
<CODE>ACE_DEFAULT_MAX_SOCKET_BUFSIZ</CODE> default is used.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBStdProfileComponents</CODE> <EM>boolean (0|1)</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBStdProfileComponents></A>If <EM>0</EM> then the ORB does
not generate the OMG standardized profile components, such as the ORB
type and code sets. Notice that the presence of this components is
optional in GIOP 1.1 The default value is controlled by a compile-time
flag (check orbconf.h).</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBSingleReadOptimization</CODE> <EM>boolean (0|1)</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBSingleReadOptimization></A>This option controls
whether TAO's ``single read optimization'' is used when receiving
requests. If this option is disabled (<code>0</code>), the ORB
will do two reads to read a request: one reads the request header and
the other reads the request payload. If this option is enabled
(<CODE>1</CODE>), the ORB will do a read of size
<CODE>TAO_MAXBUFSIZE</CODE>, hoping to read the
entire request. If more than one request is read they will be
queued up for processing later. <P>
This option defaults to <CODE>1</CODE> because it can provide better
performance. However, in the case of RT-CORBA, this option should be set to <code>0</code>. Consider the
following scenario: (1) two requests are read from one socket,
(2) the additional request is queued, and (3) the ORB uses its
Reactor's notification mechanism to wake up the follower threads. If at
the same time, however, new requests arrive on others sockets of higher
priority the lower priority queued message will be processed before the
newly arrived higher priority request since Reactor notifications are
given preferences over normal I/O, thereby causing priority inversion.</P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<h4><A name=CMPS>4. Connection Management and Protocol Selection</A></h4>
TAO can send and receive requests and replies using various <A
pluggable_protocols">transport protocols</a>. Each protocol has its
own concept of an <A
http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE_wrappers/TAO/docs/ORBEndpoint.html">endpoint</CODE>.
The following options manage connections and control protocol
selection within a TAO application.<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Option</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBDefaultInitRef</CODE> <EM>IOR prefix</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBDefaultInitRef></A>This argument allows resolution of
initial references not explicitly specified with -ORBInitRef. It
requires a URL prefix that, after appending a slash '/' ('|'
for the UIOP pluggable protocol) and a simple object key, forms a new URL to identify
an initial object reference. The URL prefix format currently supported
is based on the standard <CODE>corbaloc</CODE> mechanism in
the CORBA <A HREF="INS.html">Interoperable Naming Service</CODE>. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBDottedDecimalAddresses</CODE> <EM>boolean (0|1)</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBDottedDecimalAddresses></A>Use the dotted decimal
notation for addresses. This option can be used to workaround broken DNS
implementations and may also reduce the time spent resolving IP
addresses. By default, this option is disabled
(<CODE>0</CODE>) since domain names are the standard address
notation for IORs.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBEndpoint</CODE>
<EM>endpoint</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBEndpoint></A>This option is similar to the
<CODE>-ORBListenEndPoints</CODE> option described below.
<FONT color=red>This option will be deprecated in later
versions on TAO since the CORBA specification now defines the
<CODE>-ORBListenEndpoints</CODE> option instead. </FONT>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBListenEndpoints</CODE> <EM>endpoint</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBListenEndpoints></A> This option was introduced with
the CORBA <A href="http://cgi.omg.org/docs/orbos/01-01-04.pdf">
ORT </a> (Object Reference Template) specification. It
instructs a server ORB to listen for requests on the
interface specified by <code>endpoint</code>.
TAO <A
href="http://cvs.doc.wustl.edu/viewcvs.cgi/TAO/docs/ORBEndpoint.html?rev=HEAD">
endpoints</A> are specified using a URL style format. An
endpoint has the form:
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>protocol://V.v@addr1,...,W.w@addrN
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>where <CODE>V.v</CODE> and <CODE>W.w</CODE> are
optional protocol versions for each address. An example of an IIOP
endpoint is:
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>iiop://<I><EM>hostname</EM></I>:<I><EM>port</EM></I>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>Sets of endpoints may be specified using multiple
<CODE>-ORBEndpoint</CODE> options or by delimiting endpoints with a
semi-colon (;). For example,
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>-ORBEndpoint iiop://localhost:9999 -ORBEndpoint
uiop:///tmp/mylocalsock -ORBEndpoint shmiop://10002
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>is equivalent to:
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>-ORBEndpoint
'iiop://localhost:9999;uiop:///tmp/mylocalsock;shmiop://10002'
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>Notice the single quotes (') in the latter option
specification. Single quotes are needed to prevent the shell from
interpreting text after the semi-colon as another command to run.
<P>If an endpoint is specified without an <CODE>addr</CODE> such as the
following:
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>-ORBEndpoint uiop:// -ORBEndpoint shmiop://
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>then a default endpoint will be created for the
specified protocol. <P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBImplRepoServicePort</CODE> <EM>portspec</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies which port the Implementation Repository is listening
on for multicast requests. By default, the
<CODE>TAO_DEFAULT_IMPLREPO_SERVER_REQUEST_PORT</CODE> (10018) is used.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBInitRef</CODE> <EM>ObjectId=IOR</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBInitRef></A>Allows specification of an arbitrary object
reference for an initial service. The IOR could be in any one of the
following formats: OMG <CODE>IOR</CODE>, <CODE>URL</CODE>,
<CODE>corbaloc</CODE> (including <CODE>uioploc</CODE>) or <CODE>file</CODE>.
<CODE>corbaloc</CODE> is a multiple end-point IOR understood
by <CODE>ORB::string_to_object()</CODE> and used as a
boot-strapping mechanism by the
<CODE>ORB::resolve_initial_references()</CODE>. The mappings specified through
this argument override the ORB install-time defaults. The
<CODE>file://pathname</CODE> interprets the contents of the <CODE>pathname</CODE>
file as an object reference in any of the above formats. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBMulticastDiscoveryEndpoint</CODE> <EM>endpoint</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies the <CODE>endpoint</CODE> that should be used for locating the Naming
Service through multicast. <EM>endpoint</EM> is of the form
<CODE>ip-number:port-number</CODE> (<EM>e.g.</EM>,
<CODE>"tango.cs.wustl.edu:1234"</CODE> or
<CODE>"128.252.166.57:1234"</CODE>). If there is no
<CODE>':'</CODE> in the end_point it is assumed to be a port
number, with the IP address being <CODE>INADDR_ANY</CODE>. </TD>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBNameServicePort</CODE> <EM>portspec</EM></TD>
<TD>Specifies which port the Naming Service is listening on for
multicast requests. By default, the <CODE>TAO_DEFAULT_NAME_SERVICE_REQUEST_PORT</CODE>
(10013) value is used.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD> <A HREF=
<!-- Bala, should there actually be the "*checkout*" here? That looks -->
<!-- odd! -->
<!-- Dr. Schmidt, not much choice. That is CGI for you ;-)-->
"http://cvs.doc.wustl.edu/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/TAO/docs/ORBEndpoint.html?rev=HEAD"><CODE>-ORBTradingServicePort</CODE> <EM>portspec</EM></TD>
<TD> <A
http://cvs.doc.wustl.edu/viewcvs.cgi/TAO/docs/ORBEndpoint.html?rev=HEAD">Specifies to which port the Trading Service is listening on for
multicast requests. By default, the <CODE>TAO_DEFAULT_TRADING_SERVICE_REQUEST_PORT</CODE>
(10016) value is used.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD> <CODE>-ORBUseIMR</CODE> <EM>boolean (0|1)</EM></TD>
<TD>This argument specifies that for POAs with
the <CODE>PERSISTENT</CODE> policy, that the TAO <A
HREF="implrepo/">Implementation Repository</A> should be used
for notification of startup and shutdown and object references should be
changed to use the Implementation Repository also.
</TD></TR>
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<h4><A name=MO>5. Miscellaneous Options</A></h4>
Options in this category don't control the behavior of the ORB in
terms of resouces or strategies. Instead, they are helper options
provided for specific application requirements.
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Option</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBId</CODE> <EM>orb_name</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBId></A>This option allows the name of an ORB to
be set to <CODE>orb_name</CODE>. The ORBId will be passed to
the ORB_init() method to differentiate coexisting ORBs (when
there are more than one ORBs).</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBServerId</CODE> <EM>server_id</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBId></A>This option allows setting a name/id to a
server
to uniquely identify a server to TAO's <A HREF="implrepo">Implementation Repository</A>. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBDaemon</CODE></TD>
<TD>Specifies that the ORB should <EM>daemonize</EM> itself,
<em>i.e.</EM>, run as a background process. This option is only
meaningful on OS platforms that support daemonization.</TD></TR>
</TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P></P>
<HR align=left width=25%>
<H3><A name=SVC>The Service Configurator File</A></H3>
Internally, TAO uses the <A
href="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/Svc-Conf.pdf">ACE Service
Configurator framework</A> to allow applications to configure the ORB
at run-time. Applications provide a file named <CODE>svc.conf</CODE>
with options that configure appropriate strategies in to the ORB. The
options enable developers to control the behavior of the factories,
strategies, and resources that the ORB uses. By default, TAO provides
the following set of factories: </p>
<OL>
<LI><A href="#TRF">Default Resource and Advanced Resource Factories :</A>
This factory controls the creation of configurable resources used by
TAO's ORB core. The resource factory is responsible for constructing
and providing access to various resources used by the ORB irrespective of whether
they perform client or server roles. ORB resources include reactors,
protocol factories, message flushing strategies, connection purging
strategies and different IOR parsers. <P>
<LI> <A href="#TSSF">Server Strategy Factory:</A> This factory
creates various strategies of special utility to the ORB that is useful for
controlling the behavior of servers. This factory is responsible
for creating strategies useful for server objects like the
concurrency strategy and the request demultiplexing strategies used by the
POA.<P>
<LI> <A href="#TCSF">Client Strategy Factory:</A> This factory
creates various strategies of special utility to the ORB, useful for
controlling the behavior of clients. This factory is responsible
for creating strategies useful for clients such as request
multiplexing strategies, wait strategies, connect strategies etc.<P>
</OL>
Options specified via a <CODE>svc.conf</CODE> file can represent
either the components provided by TAO (including the
<CODE>Resource_Factory</CODE>, and the
<CODE>Server_Strategy_Factory</CODE> and
<CODE>Client_Strategy_Factory</CODE>) or customized components
developed by the users. The service configurator file
(<CODE>svc.conf</CODE>) provided by the user identifies the components
to be loaded with the required strategies for each component. <p>
A <CODE>svc.conf</CODE> file is <EM><B>not</B></EM> required to run
TAO applications since TAO provides a set of default values for
strategies useful for the most common use cases, <EM>i.e.</EM>, the
default values are set for all options. When a TAO application calls
<CODE>CORBA::ORB_init()</CODE> it will try to find the
<CODE>svc.conf</CODE> file. If found, TAO will parse and process the
directives in the file; if not found, the default value for the
default components will be used.</P>
<hr align=left width=25%>
<h4><A name=TRF>1. Default and Advanced Resource Factories</A></h4>
Many of TAO's ORB Core resources are fixed, including the allocators for
the incoming and outgoing data paths, and data structures for the various
maps and lists maintained by the ORB. There is some flexibility,
however, in the choice of a reactor, the selection of transport
protocols, choice of data flushing strategy, various forms of
connection resource management strategies and possibility of using
different IOR parsers. The resource factories supported by TAO
include the <CODE>Resource_Factory</CODE> and
<CODE>Advanced_Resource_Factory</CODE>. TAO provides defaults of these
factories, as well as the specialized resource factories described
below:
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Resource Factory</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE><A
href="#TDRF">Resource Factory</A></CODE></TD>
<TD>Unless configured otherwise, this is the default resource
factory used by the ORB.The resource factory is responsible
for creating and providing access to various resources used
by the server and client ORBs. The resources managed by this
factory include creation of acceptor and connector
registries, choice of data flushing strategy, limits for
connection resource management, types of CDR buffers used
for marshalling and demarshalling data, and different IOR
parsers.
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE><A
href="#TARF">Advanced Resource Factory</A></CODE></TD>
<TD>This factory provides more advanced configuration options in the
addition to all the features of the default resource factory.<BR><BR>The
advanced resource factory gives more control than the default resource
factory over the type of resources used and how those resources are
accessed. In addition to the options provided by the default resource
factory, the advanced resource factory provides options that allow
selecting different reactors, choosing different transport
mechanisms and selecting the right connection purging strategy
to maintain limits on resources used. The advanced resource
factory was created to allow more advanced options while
keeping the footprint of the default resource factory
small.<BR><BR>The advanced resource factory inherits from the
default resource factory and accepts all of its options in
addition to its own. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>Qt Resource Factory</CODE></TD>
<TD>This is a specialized resource factory providing the means for
integrating with the Qt GUI toolkit from Trolltech. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>Xt Resource Factory</CODE></TD>
<TD>This is a specialized resource factory providing the means for
integrating with the X Window System's Xt Intrinsics toolkit.
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P></P>
<h5><A name=TDRF>(a). Resource_Factory</A></h5>
Typically, the above options are exercised via the service
configurator (svc.conf) file. The following line in the
<CODE>svc.conf</CODE> file (all in one line) <P> <CODE>static
Resource_Factory "[list of options]"</CODE><P>will load the default
resource factory with the options listed within the double quotes. The
following table shows the list of possible options that can be
specified within the double quotes in the above directive. There is an
<A
href="http://cvs.doc.wustl.edu/viewcvs.cgi/TAO/tests/LongUpcalls/svc.conf?rev=HEAD">
online</A> example of how this is used in TAO.<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Option</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBReactorMaskSignals</CODE> <EM>0/1</EM></TD>
<TD>ACE select reactors mask signals during upcalls to the event handlers.
This is only useful if the application is going to trap those signals and
handle them in any special way. Disabling the mask can improve performance by
reducing the number of kernel level locks. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBProtocolFactory</CODE> <EM>factory</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBProtocolFactory></A>Specify which pluggable protocol
factory to load. By default, only the factory for the IIOP protocol
(<CODE>IIOP_Factory</CODE> is loaded.
<P>For example, if some protocol called <EM><CODE>Foo</CODE></EM> whose
factory was called <EM><CODE>Foo_Factory</CODE></EM> was available, then
it could be loaded into TAO by specifying <CODE>-ORBProtocolFactory
Foo_Factory</CODE> in the service configurator file. The
<EM><CODE>Foo</CODE></EM> pluggable protocol would then be available for
use. </P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBIORParser</CODE> <EM>parser</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBIORParser></A>Name an IOR Parser to load. IOR Parsers are
used to interpret strings passed to <CODE>ORB::string_to_object()</CODE>.
By default the ORB can handle multiple string formats, including
<CODE>IOR:</CODE>, <CODE>corbaloc:</CODE>, <CODE>corbaname:</CODE>, and
<CODE>file:</CODE>. The application developer can <A
<!-- Bala, should there actually be the "*checkout*" here? That looks -->
<!-- odd! -->
href="http://cvs.doc.wustl.edu/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/TAO/docs/ior_parsing.html?rev=HEAD">add
new IOR formats </A>using this option. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBConnectionPurgingStrategy</CODE> <EM>type</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBConnectionPurgingStrategy></A>Opened connections are added
to the transport cache so they can be reused. However, if a process
continues to run and these connections are not reused, the cache will
continue to grow. Therefore, before each new connection, the cache is
checked and purged if it has reached the limit specified by the
-ORBConnectionCacheMax option or the system default if that option was not
used. The possible values for type are lru, lfu, fifo and null. The
default is LRU (Least Recently Used). The others LFU (Least Frequently
Used), FIFO (First In First Out), and null (No connections are purged) are
contained within the TAO Strategies library. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBConnectionCacheMax</CODE> <EM>limit</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBConnectionCacheMax></A>The transport cache will grow to a
maximum of the specified limit. The default is system dependent, but can
be overridden at compile-time by defining the preprocessor macro
TAO_CONNECTION_CACHE_MAXIMUM. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBMuxedConnectionMax</CODE> <EM>number</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBMuxedConnectionMax></A>The transport cache allows only
specified number of connections-per-QoS property to be added to connection
cache. Threads not getting the connections will wait for the connections
to be released. This option is more useful for transports using a muxed
connection strategy and want control over the number of connections that are
created by the active threads. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBConnectionCachePurgePercentage</CODE> <EM>percent</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBConnectionCachePurgePercentage></A>If the transport cache
is purged, the specified percentage (20 by default) of the total number of
connections cached will be closed. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBConnectionCacheLock</CODE> <EM>locktype</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBConnectionCacheLock></A>Specify the type of lock to be
used by the Connection Cache. Possible values for lock type are
<CODE>thread</CODE>, which specifies that an inter-thread mutex is used to
guarantee exclusive access, and <CODE>null</CODE>, which specifies that no
locking be performed. The default is thread. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBCorbaObjectLock</CODE> <EM>locktype</EM></TD>
<TD><a name="-ORBCorbaObjectLock"></a>
Specify the type of lock to be used by CORBA::Object. The lock
is needed within the CORBA object to synchronize the state
when the same object is shared by multiple threads. Possible
values for lock type are <code>thread</code>, which specifies
that an inter-thread mutex is used to guarantee exclusive
access, and <code>null</code>, which specifies that no locking
be performed. The default is thread.
The <code>null</code> lock option is useful when there is only
one thread in the system. This option can be used to minimize
the amount of memory consumed by the locks in applications where
locks are not needed. The memory growth problem gets
particularly exacerbated for applications dealing with hundreds
and thousands of objects.
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBObjectKeyTableLock</CODE> <EM>locktype</EM></TD>
<TD><a name="-ORBObjectKeyTableLock"></a>
Specify the type of lock to be used by the ObjectKey
table. ObjectKey table keeps track of the ObjectKeys that are
generated and made available through IORs. The table manages the
life time of the object keys within the ORB through a reference
counting mechanism. Possible values for lock type are
<code>thread</code>, which specifies that an inter-thread mutex
is used to guarantee exclusive access, and <code>null</code>,
which specifies that no locking be performed. The default is
thread.
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBFlushingStrategy</CODE> <EM>type</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBFlushingStrategy></A>By default TAO provides three
strategies to flush queued messages. The <CODE>leader_follower</CODE>
strategy uses the Reactor and non-blocking I/O to send the outgoing
messages, this strategy participates in the Leader/Followers protocol to
synchronize access to the Reactor. The <CODE>reactive</CODE> strategy uses
the Reactor but does not take part in the Leader/Followers protocol, thus
it is better used only in single threaded applications. Finally, the
<CODE>blocking</CODE> strategy flushes the queue as soon as it becomes
"full", and blocks the thread until all the data is sent.
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<h5><A name=TARF>(b). Advanced_Resource_Factory</A></h5>
This factory is located in the <CODE>TAO_Strategies</CODE> library. It
accepts the options below as well as those described above in the
<CODE>Resource_Factory</CODE>. This factory can be loaded dynamically
using a service configurator directive of the form (all on one line):
<P>
<CODE>dynamic Advanced_Resource_Factory Service_Object
*</CODE><BR><CODE>TAO_Strategies:_make_TAO_Advanced_Resource_Factory
() "-ORBReactorType select_st" </CODE><P>
It can also be loaded statically by doing the following:<P>
<UL>
<LI>Add <CODE>#include "tao/Strategies/advanced_resource.h"</CODE> to the file
containing <CODE>main()</CODE>.
<LI>Link the TAO_Strategies library into the executable.
<LI>Specify a service configurator directive of the form: <CODE>static
Advanced_Resource_Factory "-ORBReactorType select_st"</CODE> </LI></UL>You can
omit the <CODE>#include</CODE> if you always use dynamic libraries.<P>
Loading the <CODE>Advanced_Resource_Factory</CODE> disables the
<CODE>Resource_Factory</CODE>. Any directives for the
<CODE>Resource_Factory</CODE> will have no effect (and generate
warnings telling you so). The following table lists the options that
can be provided in double quotes. An example is available <A
href="http://cvs.doc.wustl.edu/viewcvs.cgi/TAO/performance-tests/Latency/Single_Threaded/svc.conf?rev=HEAD">online
</A> that shows how to specify this option in the svc.conf file.<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Option</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBReactorType</CODE> <EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBReactorType></A>Specify what kind of reactor the ORB
uses. The default reactor is the ACE_TP_Reactor.
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH><EM>which</EM></TH>
<TH>Reactor</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>select_mt</CODE></TD>
<TD>Use the multi-thread select-based reactor.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>select_st</CODE></TD>
<TD>Use the single-thread select-based reactor.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>fl</CODE></TD>
<TD>Use the FLReactor (FLTK-based).</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>wfmo</CODE></TD>
<TD>Use the WFMO reactor (Win32 only).</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>msg_wfmo</CODE></TD>
<TD>Use the MsgWFMO reactor (Win32 only).</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>tp</CODE></TD>
<TD>Use the <CODE>ACE_TP_Reactor</CODE>, a select based
thread-pool reactor which is the
default.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBReactorThreadQueue</CODE> <EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBReactorThreadQueue></A>Applies only to the
ACE_TP_Reactor, i.e., when <CODE>-ORBReactorType</CODE> =
<CODE>tp</CODE>, and specifies the order, last-in-first-out
(<EM>which</EM> = <CODE>LIFO</CODE>), the default, or first-in-first-out
(<EM>which</EM> = <CODE>FIFO</CODE>), in which waiting threads are
selected to run by the ACE_Select_Reactor_Token. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBInputCDRAllocator</CODE> <EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBInputCDRAllocator></A>Specify whether the ORB uses
locked (<EM>which</EM> = <CODE>thread</CODE>) or lock-free
(<EM>which</EM> = <CODE>null</CODE>) allocators for the incoming CDR
buffers. Though <CODE>null</CODE> should give the optimal performance;
we made the default <CODE>thread</CODE>. TAO optimizations for octet
sequences will not work in all cases when the allocator does not have
locks (for example if the octet sequences are part of a return value).
Using locked allocators also allows the users to take advantage of the
TAO octet sequence extensions to preserve the buffer after the upcall.
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBReactorRegistry</CODE> <EM>registry_type</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBReactorRegistry></A>This option is no longer supported.
The Advanced Resource Factory will emit an error if you attempt its use.
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<h4><A name=TSSF>3. Server_Strategy_Factory</A></h4>
Certain elements of the ORB relate only to a TAO server. In this
context, the server is any application that passively accepts
connection from other processes and receives requests from those other
connections. The server strategy factory is responsible for supporting
features of TAO that are specific to servers. In particular, these
include the following strategies:
<UL>
<LI> The <EM>concurrency strategies</EM> control the thread creation
flags and other concurrency related behaviors. <P>
<LI> The <EM>demuliplexing strategies</EM> are used
to locate servants inside the POA that are responsible for handling
requests.<P>
</UL>
TAO provides a default server strategy factory called
<CODE>Server_Strategy_Factory</CODE> <p>
Typically, the following options are set via the service configurator
(svc.conf) file. The following line in the svc.conf file (all in one
line)<P><CODE>static Server_Strategy_Factory "[list of
options]"</CODE><P>would load all the options listed within "". An
example is available <A
href="http://cvs.doc.wustl.edu/viewcvs.cgi/TAO/performance-tests/Latency/Single_Threaded/svc.conf?rev=HEAD">online</A>
that shows how to specify this option in the <code>svc.conf</code> file. <p>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Option</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><A name=orb_concurrency><CODE>-ORBConcurrency</CODE></A>
<EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify which concurrency strategy to use. Range of values is
<CODE>reactive</CODE> for a purely Reactor-driven concurrency strategy or
<CODE>thread-per-connection</CODE> for creating a new thread to service
each connection. The default is reactive. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><A name=server_timeout><CODE>-ORBThreadPerConnectionTimeout</CODE></A>
<EM>milliseconds</EM></TD>
<TD>In many platforms it is impossible to interrupt the server threads
created by the <CODE>thread-per-connection</CODE> model. This is because
these threads are blocked in <CODE>read()</CODE> operations (and not in
<CODE>select()</CODE>). As a workaround, the server threads periodically
poll the ORB to find out if they should shutdown. This option controls the
period of the polling, expressed in milliseconds. Applications that do not
shutdown, or that can otherwise ensure that no server threads will be
running at shutdown (for example if all the clients terminate before the
server) can disable the polling using the magic value
<CODE>INFINITE</CODE>.
<P>If the option is not provided then the ORB uses the compile-time flag
<CODE>TAO_DEFAULT_THREAD_PER_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT</CODE>, this flag also
expresses the time in milliseconds (as a string constant) and the magic
value <CODE>"INFINITE"</CODE> can be used to disable polling entirely.
This yields a slight performance improvement (around 1%). </P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBActiveObjectMapSize</CODE> <EM>active object map
size</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify the size of the active object map. If not specified, the
default value is 64.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBUseridPolicyDemuxStrategy</CODE> <EM>user id policy based
demultiplexing strategy</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify the demultiplexing lookup strategy to be used with the user id
policy. The <EM>demultiplexing strategy</EM> can be one of
<CODE>dynamic</CODE> or <CODE>linear</CODE>. This option defaults to using
the <CODE>dynamic</CODE> strategy. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBSystemidPolicyDemuxStrategy</CODE> <EM>system id policy
based demultiplexing strategy</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify the demultiplexing lookup strategy to be used with the system
id policy. The <EM>demultiplexing strategy</EM> can be one of
<CODE>dynamic</CODE>, <CODE>linear</CODE>, or <CODE>active</CODE>. This
option defaults to use the <CODE>dynamic</CODE> strategy when
<CODE>-ORBAllowReactivationOfSystemids</CODE> is true, and to
<CODE>active</CODE> strategy when
<CODE>-ORBAllowReactivationOfSystemids</CODE> is false. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBUniqueidPolicyReverseDemuxStrategy</CODE> <EM>unique id
policy based reverse demultiplexing strategy</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify the reverse demultiplexing lookup strategy to be used with the
unique id policy. The <EM>reverse demultiplexing strategy</EM> can be one
of <CODE>dynamic</CODE> or <CODE>linear</CODE>. This option defaults to
using the <CODE>dynamic</CODE> strategy. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBAllowReactivationOfSystemids</CODE> <EM>allows reactivation
of system ids</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify whether system ids can be reactivated, i.e., once an id that
was generated by the system has been deactivated, will the user reactivate a
new servant using the old id. If the user is not going to use this
feature, the IORs can be shortened, an extra comparison in the critical
upcall path removed, and some memory on the server side can be saved. The
<CODE>ORBAllowReactivationOfSystemids</CODE> can be <CODE>0</CODE> or
<CODE>1</CODE>. This option defaults to <CODE>1</CODE>. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBActiveHintInIds</CODE> <EM>adds an active hint in
ids</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify whether an active hint should be added to ids. With active
hints, ids can be found quickly. However, they lead to larger IORs. Note
that this option is disregarded
<CODE>if -ORBAllowReactivationOfSystemids</CODE> is set to <CODE>0</CODE>.
The <EM>-ORBActiveHintInIds</EM> can be <CODE>0</CODE> or <CODE>1</CODE>.
This option defaults to <CODE>1</CODE>. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBPoaMapSize</CODE> <EM>poa map size</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify the size of the POA map. If not specified, the default value
is 24.</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBPersistentidPolicyDemuxStrategy</CODE> <EM>persistent id
policy based demultiplexing strategy</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify the demultiplexing lookup strategy to be used with the
persistent id policy. The <EM>demultiplexing strategy</EM> can be one of
<CODE>dynamic</CODE> or <CODE>linear</CODE>. This option defaults to using
the <CODE>dynamic</CODE> strategy. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBTransientidPolicyDemuxStrategy</CODE> <EM>transient id
policy based demultiplexing strategy</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify the demultiplexing lookup strategy to be used with the
transient id policy. The <EM>demultiplexing strategy</EM> can be one of
<CODE>dynamic</CODE>, <CODE>linear</CODE>, or <CODE>active</CODE>. This
option defaults to using the <CODE>active</CODE> strategy. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBActiveHintInPOANames</CODE> <EM>adds an active hint in poa
names</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify whether an active hint should be added to POA names. With
active hints, POA names can be found quickly. However, they lead to larger
IORs. The <CODE>-ORBActiveHintInPOANames</CODE> can be <CODE>0</CODE> or
<CODE>1</CODE>. This option defaults to <CODE>1</CODE>. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBThreadFlags</CODE> <EM>thread flags</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify the flags used for thread creation. Flags can be any
logical-OR combination of <CODE>THR_DETACHED</CODE>,
<CODE>THR_BOUND</CODE>, <CODE>THR_NEW_LWP</CODE>,
<CODE>THE_SUSPENDED</CODE>. The default is <CODE>THR_BOUND |
THR_DETACHED</CODE> . </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBPOALock</CODE> <EM>lock type</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBPOALock></A>Specify the type of lock to be used for POA
accesses. Possible values for <EM>lock type</EM> are <CODE>thread</CODE>,
which specifies that an inter-thread mutex is used to guarantee exclusive
access, and <CODE>null</CODE>, which specifies that no locking be
performed. The default is <CODE>thread</CODE>.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P>
<h4><A name=TCSF>5. Client_Strategy_Factory</A></h4> Similar to the
server strategy factory, the client strategy factory supports those
elements of TAO that are specific to the behavior of clients, which
are any CORBA applications that actively establish connections, submit
requests, and perhap receive responses. The client strategy factory
provides control over several resources used by clients. TAO provides
a default client strategy factory called
<CODE>Client_Strategy_Factory</CODE>.<p>
Typically, the following options are set via the service configurator
(<code>svc.conf</code>) file. The following line in the
<code>svc.conf</code> file (all in one line)<P><CODE>static
Client_Strategy_Factory "[list of options]"</CODE><P> would load all
the options listed within "". An example is available <A
href="http://cvs.doc.wustl.edu/viewcvs.cgi/TAO/performance-tests/Latency/Single_Threaded/svc.conf?rev=HEAD">online</A>
that shows how to specify this option in the <code>svc.conf</code> file.<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=2 cellPadding=0 border=2>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Option</TH>
<TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE><A name=#-ORBProfileLock>-ORBProfileLock</A></CODE>
<EM>which</EM></TD>
<TD>Specify the kind of synchronization primitive for the Profiles.
Default is <EM>thread</EM>, which means that a regular thread mutex is
used. The second option is <EM>null</EM>, which means a null lock is
used. This makes sense in case of optimizations and is allowed when no
forwarding is used or only a single threaded client. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBClientConnectionHandler</CODE> <EM>MT | ST | RW</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBClientConnectionHandler></A><EM>ST</EM> means use the
single-threaded client connection handler, i.e., the leader follower model
will not be used. However, <EM>ST</EM> does support nested upcalls and handling of
new requests while waiting for the reply from a server.
<P><EM>MT</EM> means use the multi-threaded client connection handler which uses
the leader follower model. This model allows the use of multiple threads
with a single Reactor.
<P><EM>RW</EM> selects a strategy that simply blocks in <CODE>recv()</CODE> when waiting for a
response from the server instead of waiting in the Reactor. The <EM>RW</EM>
strategy only works when the application does not have to worry about new
request showing up when waiting for a response. Further, this strategy
cannot be used with Asynchronous Method Invocation (AMI)
calls. Therefore, this strategy is appropriate
only for "pure" synchronous clients. Note that applications with nested
upcalls are not "pure" synchronous clients. Also note that this strategy
will only effect two way calls, since there is no waiting for one way
calls. This strategy can also be used in an application that is both a
client and a server if the server side is handled by a separate thread and
the client threads are "pure" clients.
<P>Default for this option is <EM>MT</EM>. </P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBTransportMuxStrategy</CODE> <EM>EXCLUSIVE | MUXED</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBTransportMuxStrategy></A><EM>EXCLUSIVE</EM> means that the
Transport does not multiplex requests on a connection. At a time, there
can be only one request pending on a connection.
<P><EM>MUXED</EM> means that Transport multiplexes more than one request at the
same time on a connection. This option is often used in conjunction with
AMI, because multiple requests can be sent "in
bulk."
<P>Default for this option is <EM>MUXED</EM>. </P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD><CODE>-ORBConnectStrategy</CODE> <EM>type</EM></TD>
<TD><A name=-ORBConnectStrategy></A>TAO provides three strategies to
connect to remote servers. The default <EM>leader_follower</EM>
strategy uses the Reactor and non-blocking connects to connect and this
strategy participates in the Leader/Followers protocol to synchronize
access to the Reactor. The <EM>reactive</EM> strategy uses the Reactor
for non-blocking connects but does not take part in the Leader/Followers
protocol, thus it is better used only in single threaded applications.
Finally, the <EM>blocked</EM> strategy as the name implies, blocks the
thread until connection is complete. Some of the protocols in
TAO (such as SHMIOP and SSLIOP) can only use the <EM>blocked</EM> strategy.
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BODY></HTML>
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