summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/ace/ACE.h
blob: 1972b3e679fff1074881204a1df252b7a894ab4e (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
/* -*- C++ -*- */

//=============================================================================
/**
 *  @file    ACE.h
 *
 *  $Id$
 *
 *  @author Douglas C. Schmidt <schmidt@cs.wustl.edu>
 */
//=============================================================================

#ifndef ACE_ACE_H
#define ACE_ACE_H
#include "ace/pre.h"

#include "ace/OS.h"

#if !defined (ACE_LACKS_PRAGMA_ONCE)
# pragma once
#endif /* ACE_LACKS_PRAGMA_ONCE */

#include "ace/Flag_Manip.h"
#include "ace/Handle_Ops.h"
#include "ace/Lib_Find.h"
#include "ace/Init_ACE.h"
#include "ace/Sock_Connect.h"

// Forward declarations.
class ACE_Time_Value;
class ACE_Message_Block;
class ACE_Handle_Set;

// When log2 is defined as macro redefine it as acelog2
#if defined (log2)
# define acelog2 log2
# undef log2
#endif /* log2 */

/**
 * @class ACE
 *
 * @brief Contains value added ACE methods that extend the behavior
 * of the UNIX and Win32 OS calls.
 *
 * This class consolidates all these ACE static methods in a
 * single place in order to manage the namespace better.  These
 * methods are put here rather than in ACE_OS in order to
 * separate concerns.
 */
class ACE_Export ACE : public ACE_Flag_Manip, public ACE_Handle_Ops,
                       public ACE_Lib_Find, public ACE_Init_ACE,
                       public ACE_Sock_Connect
{

  ACE_CLASS_IS_NAMESPACE (ACE);
public:

  // = ACE version information.
  /// e.g., the "5" in ACE 5.1.12.
  static u_int major_version (void);

  /// e.g., the "1" in ACE 5.1.12.
  static u_int minor_version (void);

  /// e.g., the "12" in ACE 5.1.12.
  /// Returns 0 for "stable" (non-beta) releases.
  static u_int beta_version (void);

  // = C++ compiler version information.
  /// E.g., the "SunPro C++" in SunPro C++ 4.32.0
  static const ACE_TCHAR * compiler_name (void);

  /// E.g., the "4" in SunPro C++ 4.32.0
  static u_int compiler_major_version (void);

  /// E.g., the "32" in SunPro C++ 4.32.0
  static u_int compiler_minor_version (void);

  /// E.g., the "0" in SunPro C++ 4.32.0
  static u_int compiler_beta_version (void);

  /// Check if error indicates the process being out of handles (file
  /// descriptors).
  static int out_of_handles (int error);

  /**
   * @name I/O operations
   *
   * Notes on common parameters:
   *
   * <handle> is the connected endpoint that will be used for I/O.
   *
   * <buf> is the buffer to write from or receive into.
   *
   * <len> is the number of bytes to transfer.
   *
   * The <timeout> parameter in the following methods indicates how
   * long to blocking trying to transfer data.  If <timeout> == 0,
   * then the call behaves as a normal send/recv call, i.e., for
   * blocking sockets, the call will block until action is possible;
   * for non-blocking sockets, EWOULDBLOCK will be returned if no
   * action is immediately possible.
   *
   * If <timeout> != 0, the call will wait until the relative time
   * specified in *<timeout> elapses.
   *
   * The "_n()" I/O methods keep looping until all the data has been
   * transferred.  These methods also work for sockets in non-blocking
   * mode i.e., they keep looping on EWOULDBLOCK.  <timeout> is used
   * to make sure we keep making progress, i.e., the same timeout
   * value is used for every I/O operation in the loop and the timeout
   * is not counted down.
   *
   * The return values for the "*_n()" methods match the return values
   * from the non "_n()" methods and are specified as follows:
   *
   * - On complete transfer, the number of bytes transferred is returned.
   * - On timeout, -1 is returned, errno == ETIME.
   * - On error, -1 is returned, errno is set to appropriate error.
   * - On EOF, 0 is returned, errno is irrelevant.
   *
   * On partial transfers, i.e., if any data is transferred before
   * timeout/error/EOF, <bytes_transferred> will contain the number of
   * bytes transferred.
   *
   * Methods with <iovec> parameter are I/O vector variants of the I/O
   * operations.
   *
   * Methods with the extra <flags> argument will always result in
   * <send> getting called. Methods without the extra <flags> argument
   * will result in <send> getting called on Win32 platforms, and
   * <write> getting called on non-Win32 platforms.
   */
  //@{
  static ssize_t recv (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                       void *buf,
                       size_t len,
                       int flags,
                       const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

#if defined (ACE_HAS_TLI)

  static ssize_t t_rcv (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                        void *buf,
                        size_t len,
                        int *flags,
                        const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

#endif /* ACE_HAS_TLI */

  static ssize_t recv (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                       void *buf,
                       size_t len,
                       const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

  static ssize_t recvmsg (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                          struct msghdr *msg,
                          int flags,
                          const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

  static ssize_t recvfrom (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           char *buf,
                           int len,
                           int flags,
                           struct sockaddr *addr,
                           int *addrlen,
                           const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

  static ssize_t recv_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                         void *buf,
                         size_t len,
                         int flags,
                         const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0,
                         size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

#if defined (ACE_HAS_TLI)

  static ssize_t t_rcv_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                          void *buf,
                          size_t len,
                          int *flags,
                          const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0,
                          size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

#endif /* ACE_HAS_TLI */

  static ssize_t recv_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                         void *buf,
                         size_t len,
                         const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0,
                         size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

  /// Receive into a variable number of pieces.
  /**
   * Accepts a variable, caller-specified, number of pointer/length
   * pairs. Arguments following @a n are char *, size_t pairs.
   *
   * @param handle The I/O handle to receive on
   * @param n      The total number of char *, size_t pairs following @a n.
   *
   * @return -1 on error, else total number of bytes received.
   */
  static ssize_t recv (ACE_HANDLE handle, size_t n, ...);

  static ssize_t recvv (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                        iovec *iov,
                        int iovcnt,
                        const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

  static ssize_t recvv_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                          iovec *iov,
                          int iovcnt,
                          const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0,
                          size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

  static ssize_t recv_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                         ACE_Message_Block *message_block,
                         const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0,
                         size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

  static ssize_t send (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                       const void *buf,
                       size_t len,
                       int flags,
                       const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

#if defined (ACE_HAS_TLI)

  static ssize_t t_snd (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                        const void *buf,
                        size_t len,
                        int flags,
                        const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

#endif /* ACE_HAS_TLI */

  static ssize_t send (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                       const void *buf,
                       size_t len,
                       const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

  static ssize_t sendmsg (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                          const struct msghdr *msg,
                          int flags,
                          const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

  static ssize_t sendto (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                         const char *buf,
                         int len,
                         int flags,
                         const struct sockaddr *addr,
                         int addrlen,
                         const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

  static ssize_t send_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                         const void *buf,
                         size_t len,
                         int flags,
                         const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0,
                         size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

#if defined (ACE_HAS_TLI)

  static ssize_t t_snd_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                          const void *buf,
                          size_t len,
                          int flags,
                          const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0,
                          size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

#endif /* ACE_HAS_TLI */

  static ssize_t send_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                         const void *buf,
                         size_t len,
                         const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0,
                         size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

  /// Varargs variant.
  static ssize_t send (ACE_HANDLE handle, size_t n, ...);

  static ssize_t sendv (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                        const iovec *iov,
                        int iovcnt,
                        const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

  static ssize_t sendv_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                          const iovec *iov,
                          int iovcnt,
                          const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0,
                          size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

  /// Send all the <message_block>s chained through their <next> and
  /// <cont> pointers.  This call uses the underlying OS gather-write
  /// operation to reduce the domain-crossing penalty.
  static ssize_t send_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                         const ACE_Message_Block *message_block,
                         const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0,
                         size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

  // = File system I/O functions (these don't support timeouts).

  static ssize_t read_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                         void *buf,
                         size_t len,
                         size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

  static ssize_t write_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                          const void *buf,
                          size_t len,
                          size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

  /// Write all the <message_block>s chained through their <next> and
  /// <cont> pointers.  This call uses the underlying OS gather-write
  /// operation to reduce the domain-crossing penalty.
  static ssize_t write_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                          const ACE_Message_Block *message_block,
                          size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

  static ssize_t readv_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                          iovec *iov,
                          int iovcnt,
                          size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);

  static ssize_t writev_n (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           const iovec *iov,
                           int iovcnt,
                           size_t *bytes_transferred = 0);
  //@}

  /**
   * Wait up to <timeout> amount of time to passively establish a
   * connection.  This method doesn't perform the <accept>, it just
   * does the timed wait...
   */
  static int handle_timed_accept (ACE_HANDLE listener,
                                  ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                                  int restart);

  /**
   * Wait up to <timeout> amount of time to complete an actively
   * established non-blocking connection.  If <is_tli> is non-0 then
   * we are being called by a TLI wrapper (which behaves slightly
   * differently from a socket wrapper).
   */
  static ACE_HANDLE handle_timed_complete (ACE_HANDLE listener,
                                           const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                                           int is_tli = 0);

  /**
   * Reset the limit on the number of open handles.  If <new_limit> ==
   * -1 set the limit to the maximum allowable.  Otherwise, set it to
   * be the value of <new_limit>.
   */
  static int set_handle_limit (int new_limit = -1);

  /**
   * Returns the maximum number of open handles currently permitted in
   * this process.  This maximum may be extended using
   * <ACE::set_handle_limit>.
   */
  static int max_handles (void);

  // = String functions
#if !defined (ACE_HAS_WINCE)
  /**
   * Return a dynamically allocated duplicate of <str>, substituting
   * the environment variable if <str[0] == '$'>.  Note that the
   * pointer is allocated with <ACE_OS::malloc> and must be freed by
   * <ACE_OS::free>.
   */
  static ACE_TCHAR *strenvdup (const ACE_TCHAR *str);
#endif /* ACE_HAS_WINCE */

  /// Returns a pointer to the "end" of the string, i.e., the character
  /// past the '\0'.
  static const char *strend (const char *s);

  /// This method is just like <strdup>, except that it uses <operator
  /// new> rather than <malloc>.  If <s> is NULL returns NULL rather than
  /// segfaulting...
  static char *strnew (const char *s);

  /// Delete the memory allocated by <strnew>.
  static void strdelete (char *s);

  /// Create a fresh new copy of <str>, up to <n> chars long.  Uses
  /// <ACE_OS::malloc> to allocate the new string.
  static char *strndup (const char *str, size_t n);

  /// Create a fresh new copy of <str>, up to <n> chars long.  Uses
  /// <ACE_OS::malloc> to allocate the new string.
  static char *strnnew (const char *str, size_t n);

#if defined (ACE_HAS_WCHAR)
  static const wchar_t *strend (const wchar_t *s);

  static wchar_t *strnew (const wchar_t *s);

  static void strdelete (wchar_t *s);

  static wchar_t *strndup (const wchar_t *str, size_t n);

  static wchar_t *strnnew (const wchar_t *str, size_t n);

#endif /* ACE_HAS_WCHAR */

  /**
   * On Windows, determines if a specified pathname ends with ".exe"
   * (not case sensitive). If on Windows and there is no ".exe" suffix,
   * a new ACE_TCHAR array is allocated and a copy of @c pathname with
   * the ".exe" suffix is copied into it. In this case, the caller is
   * responsible for calling delete [] on the returned pointer.
   *
   * @param pathname  The name to check for a proper suffix.
   *
   * @retval @c pathname if there is a proper suffix for Windows. This is
   *         always the return value for non-Windows platforms.
   * @retval If a suffix needs to be added, returns a pointer to new[]
   *         allocated memory containing the original @c pathname plus
   *         a ".exe" suffix. The caller is responsible for freeing the
   *         memory using delete [].
   */
  static const ACE_TCHAR *execname (const ACE_TCHAR *pathname);

  /**
   * Returns the "basename" of a <pathname> separated by <delim>.  For
   * instance, the basename of "/tmp/foo.cpp" is "foo.cpp" when
   * <delim> is '/'.
   */
  static const ACE_TCHAR *basename (const ACE_TCHAR *pathname,
                                    ACE_TCHAR delim =
                                      ACE_DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR_CHAR);

  /**
   * Returns the "dirname" of a <pathname>.  For instance, the dirname
   * of "/tmp/foo.cpp" is "/tmp" when <delim> is '/'.  If <pathname>
   * has no <delim> ".\0" is returned.  This method does not modify
   * <pathname> and is not reentrant.
   */
  static const ACE_TCHAR *dirname (const ACE_TCHAR *pathname,
                                   ACE_TCHAR delim = ACE_DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR_CHAR);

  /**
   * Returns the current timestamp in the form
   * "hour:minute:second:microsecond."  The month, day, and year are
   * also stored in the beginning of the <date_and_time> array, which
   * is a user-supplied array of size <time_len> <ACE_TCHAR>s.  Returns
   * 0 if unsuccessful, else returns pointer to beginning of the
   * "time" portion of <date_and_time>.  If
   * <return_pointer_to_first_digit> is 0 then return a pointer to the
   * space before the time, else return a pointer to the beginning of
   * the time portion.
   */
  static ACE_TCHAR *timestamp (ACE_TCHAR date_and_time[],
                               int time_len,
                               int return_pointer_to_first_digit = 0);

  /**
   * if <avoid_zombies> == 0 call <ACE_OS::fork> directly, else create
   * an orphan process that's inherited by the init process; init
   * cleans up when the orphan process terminates so we don't create
   * zombies.
   */
  static pid_t fork (const ACE_TCHAR *program_name = ACE_LIB_TEXT ("<unknown>"),
                     int avoid_zombies = 0);

  /**
   * Become a daemon process using the algorithm in Richard Stevens
   * "Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment."  If
   * <close_all_handles> is non-zero then all open file handles are
   * closed.
   */
  static int daemonize (const ACE_TCHAR pathname[] = ACE_LIB_TEXT ("/"),
                        int close_all_handles = ACE_DEFAULT_CLOSE_ALL_HANDLES,
                        const ACE_TCHAR program_name[] = ACE_LIB_TEXT ("<unknown>"));

  // = Miscelleous functions.
  /// Rounds the request to a multiple of the page size.
  static size_t round_to_pagesize (off_t length);

  /// Rounds the request to a multiple of the allocation granularity.
  static size_t round_to_allocation_granularity (off_t len);

  // @@ UNICODE what about buffer?
  /// Format buffer into printable format.  This is useful for
  /// debugging.
  static size_t format_hexdump (const char *buffer, size_t size,
                                ACE_TCHAR *obuf, size_t obuf_sz);

  /// Computes the hash value of <str> using the "Hash PJW" routine.
  static u_long hash_pjw (const char *str);

  /// Computes the hash value of <str> using the "Hash PJW" routine.
  static u_long hash_pjw (const char *str, size_t len);

#if defined (ACE_HAS_WCHAR)
  /// Computes the hash value of <str> using the "Hash PJW" routine.
  static u_long hash_pjw (const wchar_t *str);

  /// Computes the hash value of <str> using the "Hash PJW" routine.
  static u_long hash_pjw (const wchar_t *str, size_t len);
#endif /* ACE_HAS_WCHAR */

  /// Computes the ISO 8802-3 standard 32 bits CRC for the string
  /// (not for a file).
  static u_long crc32 (const char *str);

  /// Computes the ISO 8802-3 standard 32 bits CRC for the given
  /// buffer (the length is included in the CRC).
  static u_long crc32 (const char *buf, ACE_UINT32 len);

  /// Computes the ISO 8802-3 standard 32 bits CRC for the
  /// @ len iovec buffers.
  static u_long crc32 (iovec *iov, int len);

  /// Euclid's greatest common divisor algorithm.
  static u_long gcd (u_long x, u_long y);

  /// Calculates the minimum enclosing frame size for the given values.
  static u_long minimum_frame_size (u_long period1, u_long period2);

  /**
   * Function that can burn up noticeable CPU time:  brute-force
   * determination of whether number "n" is prime.  Returns 0 if
   * it is prime, or the smallest factor if it is not prime.  min_factor
   * and max_factor can be used to partition the work among threads.
   * For just one thread, typical values are 2 and n/2.
   */
  static u_long is_prime (const u_long n,
                          const u_long min_factor,
                          const u_long max_factor);

  /// Map troublesome win32 errno values to values that standard C
  /// strerr function understands.  Thank you Microsoft.
  static int map_errno (int error);

  /// Returns a string containing the error message corresponding to a
  /// WinSock error.  This works around an omission in the Win32 API...
  static const ACE_TCHAR *sock_error (int error);

  /**
   * Checks if process with <pid> is still alive.  Returns 1 if it is
   * still alive, 0 if it isn't alive, and -1 if something weird
   * happened.
   */
  static int process_active (pid_t pid);

  /**
   * Terminate the process abruptly with id <pid>.  On Win32 platforms
   * this uses <TerminateProcess> and on POSIX platforms is uses
   * <kill> with the -9 (SIGKILL) signal, which cannot be caught or
   * ignored.  Note that this call is potentially dangerous to use
   * since the process being terminated may not have a chance to
   * cleanup before it shuts down.
   */
  static int terminate_process (pid_t pid);

  /**
   * This method uses process id and object pointer to come up with a
   * machine wide unique name.  The process ID will provide uniqueness
   * between processes on the same machine. The "this" pointer of the
   * <object> will provide uniqueness between other "live" objects in
   * the same process. The uniqueness of this name is therefore only
   * valid for the life of <object>.
   */
  static void unique_name (const void *object,
                           ACE_TCHAR *name,
                           size_t length);

  /// Computes the base 2 logarithm of <num>.
  static u_long log2 (u_long num);

  /// Hex conversion utility.
  static ACE_TCHAR nibble2hex (u_int n);

  /// Convert a hex character to its byte representation.
  static u_char hex2byte (ACE_TCHAR c);

  // = Set/get the debug level.
  static char debug (void);
  static void debug (char d);

  /// Wrapper facade for <select> that uses <ACE_Handle_Set>s.
  static int select (int width,
                     ACE_Handle_Set *readfds,
                     ACE_Handle_Set *writefds = 0,
                     ACE_Handle_Set *exceptfds = 0,
                     const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

  /// Wrapper facade for the most common use of <select> that uses
  /// <ACE_Handle_Set>s.
  static int select (int width,
                     ACE_Handle_Set &readfds,
                     const ACE_Time_Value *timeout = 0);

  /// Timed wait for handle to get read ready.
  static int handle_read_ready (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                                const ACE_Time_Value *timeout);

  /// Timed wait for handle to get write ready.
  static int handle_write_ready (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                                 const ACE_Time_Value *timeout);

  /// Timed wait for handle to get exception ready.
  static int handle_exception_ready (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                                     const ACE_Time_Value *timeout);

  /// Timed wait for handle to get read, write, or exception ready.
  static int handle_ready (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                           int read_ready,
                           int write_ready,
                           int exception_ready);

  /// Wait for <timeout> before proceeding to a <recv> operation.
  /// <val> keeps track of whether we're in non-blocking mode or not.
  static int enter_recv_timedwait (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                                   const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                                   int &val);

  /// Wait for <timeout> before proceeding to a <send> operation.
  /// <val> keeps track of whether we're in non-blocking mode or not.
  static int enter_send_timedwait (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                                   const ACE_Time_Value* timeout,
                                   int &val);

  /// This makes sure that <handle> is set into non-blocking mode.
  /// <val> keeps track of whether were in non-blocking mode or not.
  static void record_and_set_non_blocking_mode (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                                                int &val);

  /// Cleanup after a timed operation, restore the appropriate
  /// non-blocking status of <handle>.
  static void restore_non_blocking_mode (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                                         int val);

private:

  //
  // = Recv_n helpers
  //

  static ssize_t recv_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                         void *buf,
                         size_t len);

  static ssize_t recv_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           void *buf,
                           size_t len,
                           int flags,
                           size_t *bytes_transferred);

  static ssize_t recv_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           void *buf,
                           size_t len,
                           int flags,
                           const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                           size_t *bytes_transferred);

#if defined (ACE_HAS_TLI)

  static ssize_t t_rcv_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                            void *buf,
                            size_t len,
                            int *flags,
                            size_t *bytes_transferred);

  static ssize_t t_rcv_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                            void *buf,
                            size_t len,
                            int *flags,
                            const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                            size_t *bytes_transferred);

#endif /* ACE_HAS_TLI */

  static ssize_t recv_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           void *buf,
                           size_t len,
                           size_t *bytes_transferred);

  static ssize_t recv_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           void *buf,
                           size_t len,
                           const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                           size_t *bytes_transferred);

  static ssize_t recvv_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                            iovec *iov,
                            int iovcnt,
                            size_t *bytes_transferred);

  static ssize_t recvv_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                            iovec *iov,
                            int iovcnt,
                            const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                            size_t *bytes_transferred);

  //
  // = Send_n helpers
  //

  static ssize_t send_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                         const void *buf,
                         size_t len);

  static ssize_t send_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           const void *buf,
                           size_t len,
                           int flags,
                           size_t *bytes_transferred);

  static ssize_t send_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           const void *buf,
                           size_t len,
                           int flags,
                           const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                           size_t *bytes_transferred);

#if defined (ACE_HAS_TLI)

  static ssize_t t_snd_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                            const void *buf,
                            size_t len,
                            int flags,
                            size_t *bytes_transferred);

  static ssize_t t_snd_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                            const void *buf,
                            size_t len,
                            int flags,
                            const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                            size_t *bytes_transferred);

#endif /* ACE_HAS_TLI */

  static ssize_t send_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           const void *buf,
                           size_t len,
                           size_t *bytes_transferred);

  static ssize_t send_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                           const void *buf,
                           size_t len,
                           const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                           size_t *bytes_transferred);

  static ssize_t sendv_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                            const iovec *iov,
                            int iovcnt,
                            size_t *bytes_transferred);

  static ssize_t sendv_n_i (ACE_HANDLE handle,
                            const iovec *iov,
                            int iovcnt,
                            const ACE_Time_Value *timeout,
                            size_t *bytes_transferred);

  /// Size of a VM page.
  static size_t pagesize_;

  /// Size of allocation granularity.
  static size_t allocation_granularity_;

  /// CRC table.
  static u_long crc_table_[];

  /// Hex characters.
  static const ACE_TCHAR hex_chars_[];

  /// Are we debugging ACE?
  static char debug_;
};

#if !defined (ACE_LACKS_INLINE_FUNCTIONS)
#include "ace/ACE.i"
#endif /* ACE_LACKS_INLINE_FUNCTIONS */

#if defined (acelog2)
# define log2 acelog2
#endif /* acelog2 */

#include "ace/post.h"
#endif  /* ACE_ACE_H */