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|
<!-- $Id$ -->
<html>
<head>
<title>ACE+TAO Subsetting</title>
<link rev=made href="mailto:ace-users@cs.wustl.edu">
</head>
<body text = "#000000"
link="#000fff"
vlink="#ff0f0f"
bgcolor="#ffffff">
<hr><p>
<H3>ACE+TAO Subsetting</H3>
We are involved in ongoing activities to subset ACE+TAO to make them
more flexible and to reduce their memory footprint for embedded
systems. This document describes what we've done thus far, what we're
planning to do next, and how to leverage our efforts to minimize the
size of your ACE+TAO applications. <P>
<HR><P>
<font size=+2><strong>Contents</strong></font>
<ol>
<li><a href="#Motivation">Motivation for Splitting ACE into Multiple
Libraries</a>
<li><a href="#Configuration Management">Configuration Management</a>
<li><a href="#Classes">Classes in Each ACE Library Subset</a>
<li><a href="#ACE Library Size Breakdown">ACE Library Size Breakdown</a>
<li><a href="#Building ACE Subsets">Building ACE Subsets</a>
<li><a href="#ACE_OS Adaptation Layer">ACE_OS Adaptation Layer</a>
<li><a href="#minimumTAO">Minimum TAO</a>
<li><a href="../apps/soreduce/README">The Shared Library Reduction (<CODE>soreduce</CODE>) tool</a>
<li><a href="#Status">ACE+TAO Subsetting Work in Progress</a>
</ol><p>
<hr><p>
<h3><a name="Motivation">Motivation for Splitting ACE into Multiple
Libraries</a></h3>
This document describes how we are splitting ACE into multiple
libraries, each of which will contain a smaller subset of the overall
ACE functionality. The primary motivations for subsetting ACE are:
<UL>
<LI><EM>Principle of parsimony</EM> -- <EM>i.e.</EM>, developers
should incur time/space overhead for components they use, rather
than for all the components in the ACE framework. <P>
<LI><EM>Simplify the learning curve</EM> -- <EM>i.e.</EM>, developers
only need to learn how to program components that they actually
use. <P>
</UL>
The main design goals of our approach are as follows: <P>
<OL>
<LI>Support the original libACE as before. Thus, for users who
want to use the existing ACE library as is, there will be
no changes, i.e., just link with <CODE>libACE</CODE> as usual. <P>
<LI>Allow ACE (and TAO) programmers to use smaller subsets of the
entire <CODE>libACE</CODE> library. These subsets will include the
following libraries: <P>
<DL>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_OS</CODE> -- This library contains the OS adaptation
layer and its supporting classes. All other ACE libraries will depend
on <CODE>libACE_OS</CODE> and it will depend on <EM>no</EM> other ACE
libraries. <P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Utils</CODE> -- This library contains the various ACE
container classes and other miscellaneous classes, such as Singleton,
auto_ptr, timers, etc. This library will depend only on
<CODE>libACE_OS</CODE>.<P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Logging</CODE> -- This library contains the various ACE
logging and tracing classes. This library will depend only on
<CODE>libACE_OS</CODE>. <P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Threads</CODE> -- This library contains the ACE
thread/process management and synchronization classes. This library
will depend only on <CODE>libACE_OS</CODE>. <P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Demux</CODE> -- This library contains the ACE Reactor and
Proactor classes. This library will depend on <CODE>libACE_OS</CODE>
and <CODE>libACE_Thread</CODE>. <P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Connection</CODE> -- This library contains the ACE
Connection components, i.e., Acceptor, Connector, and Svc_Handler.
This library will depend on <CODE>libACE_OS</CODE>,
<CODE>libACE_Thread</CODE>, and <CODE>libACE_Demux</CODE>. <P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Sockets</CODE> -- This library contains the ACE C++
wrappers for sockets. This library will depend on
<CODE>libACE_OS</CODE>. <P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_IPC</CODE> -- This library contains all the ACE C++
wrappers for the other types of IPC and FILE I/O other than sockets.
This library will depend on <CODE>libACE_OS</CODE> and
<CODE>libACE_Sockets</CODE>. <P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Timer</CODE> -- This library contains the ACE C++
wrappers for timer support. This library will depend on
<CODE>libACE_OS</CODE>. <P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Svcconf</CODE> -- This library contains the ACE C++
wrappers for the Service Configurator. This library will depend on
<CODE>libACE_OS</CODE>, <CODE>libACE_Demux</CODE>,
<CODE>libACE_Thread</CODE>, and <CODE>libACE_Sockets</CODE>. <P>
<DT> <img alt="o" src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Streams</CODE> -- This library contains the ACE Streams
classes. This library will depend on <CODE>libACE_OS</CODE>,
<CODE>libACE_Demux</CODE>, and <CODE>libACE_Thread</CODE>. <P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Memory</CODE> -- This library contains the ACE C++
wrappers for shared memory and memory-mapped files. This library will
depend on <CODE>libACE_OS</CODE>.<P>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Token</CODE> -- This library contains the ACE C++
wrappers for token support. This library is not needed by
<a href="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/TAO.html">TAO</a>.<p>
<DT> <img alt="o"
src="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/gifs/misc/redball.gif">
<CODE>libACE_Other</CODE> -- This library contains miscellaneous code,
primarily including a CORBA interface and naming support. It is not
actively supported, and is not needed by <a
href="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/TAO.html">TAO</a>. Its
functionality is included in TAO.<P>
</DL>
</OL>
We are also planning to support the OMG's <A
HREF="http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?orbos/98-08-04.pdf">Minimum
CORBA</A> specification as part of a separate effort. Preliminary
results of prototypes for Minimum CORBA we've integrate to TAO have
been very promising, yielding a 40% reduction in ORB footprint. <P>
Note that the ACE library subsets described above are intended as a
guideline, <EM>not</EM> a complete specification. The actual
partitioning of files in the final ACE library subsets may differ
somewhat to improve footprint and simplify common use-cases. <P>
<hr><p>
<h3><a name="Configuration Management">Configuration Management</a></h3>
Configuration management for the ACE library subsets described above
will be organized as follows:
<OL>
<LI>A single source tree with a single "version" for the source
tree.<P>
<LI>Releases of libACE and its "subsets" will be atomic, <EM>i.e.</EM>,
all or nothing.<P>
</OL>
<hr><p>
<h3><a name="Classes">Classes in Each ACE Library Subset</a></h3>
Below, we describe the classes in each ACE library subset.
<H4>libACE_OS</H4>
This library contains the OS adaptation layer and its supporting
classes. The classes in this library should not depend on any other
ACE library subsets. All of the other libraries will depend on this
library. The following classes are included in this library.
<PRE><CODE>
Basic_Types
Time_Value
OS
OS_Dirent
OS_Memory
OS_QoS
OS_String
OS_TLI
OS_Errno
Base_Thread_Adapter
OS_Thread_Adapter
OS_Log_Msg_Attributes
Thread_Hook
Sched_Params
Handle_Set
Copy_Disabled
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Utils</H4>
This library contains the following ACE container classes and other
miscellaneous classes.
<PRE><CODE>
ACE
Active_Map_Manager
Arg_Shifter
ARGV
Argv_Type_Converter
Capabilities
Containers
Configuration
Configuration_Import_Export
Dirent
Dirent_Selector
Dynamic
Flag_Manip
Framework_Component
Functor
Get_Opt
Hash_Map_Manager
Connection_Recycling_Strategy
Hashable
Notification_Strategy
Recyclable
Refcountable
Handle_Ops
Init_ACE
Lib_Find
Message_Block
Method_Request
Object_Manager
Registry
String_Base_Const
SString
Stats
Sample_History
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Logging</H4>
This library contains the various ACE logging and tracing classes.
<PRE><CODE>
Dump
Log_Msg
Log_Msg_Callback
Log_Msg_Backend
Log_Msg_IPC
Log_Msg_NT_Event_Log
Log_Msg_UNIX_Syslog
Log_Record
Logging_Strategy
Trace
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Threads</H4>
This library contains the ACE thread/process management and
synchronization classes.
<PRE><CODE>
Activation_Queue
Process
Process_Manager
Synch
Synch_Options
Process_Semaphore
Process_Mutex
RW_Process_Mutex
File_Lock
Thread
Thread_Manager
Thread_Adapter
Thread_Exit
Thread_Control
Token
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Demux</H4>
This library contains the ACE Reactor and its associated classes,
including the ACE Connection components.
<PRE><CODE>
Event_Handler
FlReactor
Msg_WFMO_Reactor
POSIX_Proactor
POSIX_CB_Proactor
WIN32_Proactor
Priority_Reactor
Proactor
Reactor
Select_Reactor
Select_Reactor_Base
SUN_Proactor
Dev_Poll_Reactor
TP_Reactor
TkReactor
WFMO_Reactor
XtReactor
QtReactor
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Connection</H4>
This library contains the ACE Connection components, i.e., Acceptor,
Connector, and Svc_Handler.
<PRE><CODE>
Asynch_IO
Asynch_IO_Impl
Asynch_Pseudo_Task
POSIX_Asynch_IO
WIN32_Asynch_IO
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Sockets</H4>
This library contains the ACE C++ wrappers for sockets.
<PRE><CODE>
Addr
INET_Addr
IPC_SAP
LSOCK
LSOCK_Acceptor
LSOCK_CODgram
LSOCK_Connector
LSOCK_Dgram
LSOCK_Stream
SOCK
SOCK_Acceptor
SOCK_CODgram
Sock_Connect
SOCK_Connector
SOCK_Dgram
SOCK_Dgram_Bcast
SOCK_Dgram_Mcast
SOCK_IO
SOCK_Stream
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_IPC</H4>
This library contains all the ACE C++ wrappers for the other types of
IPC and FILE I/O other than sockets. This library will depend on the
<CODE>libACE_Socket</CODE> library.
<PRE><CODE>
ATM_Addr
ATM_Acceptor
ATM_Connector
ATM_Params
ATM_QoS
ATM_Stream
XTI_ATM_Mcast
DEV
DEV_Addr
DEV_Connector
DEV_IO
FIFO
FIFO_Recv
FIFO_Recv_Msg
FIFO_Send
FIFO_Send_Msg
FILE_Addr
FILE
FILE_Connector
FILE_IO
IO_SAP
IOStream
Pipe
Signal
SPIPE_Addr
SPIPE
SPIPE_Acceptor
SPIPE_Connector
SPIPE_Stream
SV_Message
SV_Message_Queue
SV_Semaphore_Complex
SV_Semaphore_Simple
SV_Shared_Memory
TLI
TLI_Acceptor
TLI_Connector
TLI_Stream
TTY_IO
UNIX_Addr
UPIPE_Acceptor
UPIPE_Connector
UPIPE_Stream
MEM_Acceptor
MEM_Addr
MEM_Connector
MEM_IO
MEM_SAP
MEM_Stream
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Svcconf</H4>
This library contains the ACE C++ wrappers for the Service
Configurator component.
<PRE><CODE>
DLL
DLL_Manager
Dynamic_Service_Base
Parse_Node
Service_Config
Service_Manager
Service_Object
Service_Repository
Service_Types
Service_Templates
Shared_Object
XML_Svc_Conf
Svc_Conf_l
Svc_Conf_y
Svc_Conf_Lexer_Guard
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Streams</H4>
This library contains the ACE Streams classes.
<PRE><CODE>
CDR_Base
CDR_Stream
Codeset_IBM1047
Message_Queue
Reactor_Notification_Strategy
Task
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Memory</H4>
This library contains the ACE C++ wrappers for shared memory and
memory-mapped files.
<PRE><CODE>
Based_Pointer_Repository
Malloc
PI_Malloc
Malloc_Allocator
Malloc_Instantiations
Mem_Map
Memory_Pool
Obchunk
Obstack
Read_Buffer
Shared_Memory
Shared_Memory_MM
Shared_Memory_SV
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Timer</H4>
This componenty contains the ACE C++ wrappers for the ACE timer classes.
<pre><code>
Basic_Stats
High_Res_Timer
Profile_Timer
System_Time
Time_Request_Reply
Timeprobe
Timer_Hash
Timer_Heap
Timer_List
Timer_Queue
Timer_Wheel
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Token</H4>
This componenty contains the ACE C++ wrappers for Token classes.
<pre><code>
Local_Tokens
Remote_Tokens
Token_Collection
Token_Invariants
Token_Manager
Token_Request_Reply
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Codec</H4>
This component contains the ACE codec support:
<pre><code>
Codecs
</code></pre>
<H4>libACE_Other</H4>
This component contains miscellaneous ACE C++ wrappers:
<pre><code>
Local_Name_Space
Name_Proxy
Name_Request_Reply
Name_Space
Naming_Context
Registry_Name_Space
Remote_Name_Space
</code></pre>
<hr><p>
<h3><a name="ACE Library Size Breakdown">ACE Library Size Breakdown</a></h3>
Here is an example size breakdown, by ACE library component. It is
for the ACE 5.0 libACE.a, statically built with these <a
href="../ACE-INSTALL.html#flags">make
flags</a>:
<pre><code>
debug=0 optimize=1 static_libs_only=1 DEFFLAGS=-DACE_USE_RCSID=0
</code></pre><p>
These options translate into:<P>
(a) No debugging,<BR>
(b) Optimization is set to -O2,<BR>
(c) Static ACE and TAO libraries, and<BR>
(d) Use of RCS Ids is turned off. <P>
To build an ACE static library, if shared libraries are the default, use
<code>make static_libs_only=1</code>. If you're using recent versions
of GNU GCC, you can use the <A
HREF="../ACE-INSTALL.html#repo">-frepo</A>
option, which typically reduces the footprint by another 25 percent. <P>
<center><table cellpadding=4 border=4>
<tr>
<th>Platform
<th>Component
<th>Total
<th>For TAO<br>subset
<th>OS
<th>Utils
<th>Logging
<th>Threads
<th>Demux
<th>Con-<br>nection
<th>Sockets
<th>IPC
<th>Svcconf
<th>Streams
<th>Memory
<th>Token
<th>Other
<tr>
<th rowspan=2>Linux (RedHat 6.0/Intel)<br>egcs 2.91.66
<th>Size, bytes
<td align=center>648727
<td align=center>515501
<td align=center>10937
<td align=center>118305
<td align=center>13544
<td align=center>59593
<td align=center>74629
<td align=center>49933
<td align=center>16084
<td align=center>34820
<td align=center>92192
<td align=center>18462
<td align=center>27002
<td align=center>71574
<td align=center>61652
<tr>
<th>Percentage of<br>total size
<td align=center>100
<td align=center>79.46
<td align=center>1.69
<td align=center>18.24
<td align=center>2.09
<td align=center>9.19
<td align=center>11.50
<td align=center>7.70
<td align=center>2.48
<td align=center>5.37
<td align=center>14.21
<td align=center>2.85
<td align=center>4.16
<td align=center>11.03
<td align=center>9.50
<tr>
<th rowspan=2>LynxOS 3.0.0<br>g++ 2.7-97r1
<th>Size, bytes
<td align=center>582672
<td align=center>475216
<td align=center>25620
<td align=center>97220
<td align=center>11000
<td align=center>44192
<td align=center>71388
<td align=center>58100
<td align=center>13120
<td align=center>31572
<td align=center>77972
<td align=center>21468
<td align=center>23564
<td align=center>60832
<td align=center>46624
<tr>
<th>Percentage of<br>total size
<td align=center>100
<td align=center>81.56
<td align=center>4.40
<td align=center>16.69
<td align=center>1.89
<td align=center>7.58
<td align=center>12.25
<td align=center>9.97
<td align=center>2.25
<td align=center>5.42
<td align=center>13.38
<td align=center>3.68
<td align=center>4.04
<td align=center>10.44
<td align=center>8.00
<tr>
<th rowspan=2>SunOS5.7<br>egcs 2.91.60
<th>Size, bytes
<td align=center>709543
<td align=center>570693
<td align=center>11877
<td align=center>115306
<td align=center>13721
<td align=center>63027
<td align=center>87962
<td align=center>68551
<td align=center>16917
<td align=center>42954
<td align=center>99839
<td align=center>21357
<td align=center>29182
<td align=center>75970
<td align=center>62880
<tr>
<th>Percentage of<br>total size
<td align=center>100
<td align=center>80.43
<td align=center>1.67
<td align=center>16.25
<td align=center>1.93
<td align=center>8.88
<td align=center>12.40
<td align=center>9.66
<td align=center>2.38
<td align=center>6.05
<td align=center>14.07
<td align=center>3.01
<td align=center>4.11
<td align=center>10.71
<td align=center>8.86
<tr>
<th rowspan=2>SunOS 5.7<br>GreenHills 1.8.9
<th>Size, bytes
<td align=center>803651
<td align=center>653787
<td align=center>15800
<td align=center>146633
<td align=center>18544
<td align=center>69172
<td align=center>103584
<td align=center>60580
<td align=center>23084
<td align=center>52986
<td align=center>108200
<td align=center>21528
<td align=center>33676
<td align=center>79324
<td align=center>70540
<tr>
<th>Percentage of<br>total size
<td align=center>100
<td align=center>81.35
<td align=center>1.97
<td align=center>18.25
<td align=center>2.31
<td align=center>8.61
<td align=center>12.89
<td align=center>7.54
<td align=center>2.87
<td align=center>6.59
<td align=center>13.46
<td align=center>2.68
<td align=center>4.19
<td align=center>9.87
<td align=center>8.78
<tr>
<th rowspan=2>SunOS 5.7<br>Sun C++ 4.2
<th>Size, bytes
<td align=center>626824
<td align=center>494501
<td align=center>15502
<td align=center>64929
<td align=center>15605
<td align=center>63364
<td align=center>106841
<td align=center>55013
<td align=center>19945
<td align=center>73584
<td align=center>46434
<td align=center>19685
<td align=center>25952
<td align=center>69843
<td align=center>62480
<tr>
<th>Percentage of<br>total size
<td align=center>100
<td align=center>78.89
<td align=center>2.47
<td align=center>10.36
<td align=center>2.49
<td align=center>10.11
<td align=center>17.04
<td align=center>8.78
<td align=center>3.18
<td align=center>11.74
<td align=center>7.41
<td align=center>3.14
<td align=center>4.14
<td align=center>11.14
<td align=center>9.97
<tr>
<th rowspan=2>VxWorks 5.3.1<br>GreenHills 1.8.8
<th>Size, bytes
<td align=center>689564
<td align=center>542628
<td align=center>22252
<td align=center>145036
<td align=center>19664
<td align=center>63640
<td align=center>54296
<td align=center>980
<td align=center>22120
<td align=center>47468
<td align=center>117932
<td align=center>23220
<td align=center>27220
<td align=center>78900
<td align=center>68036
<tr>
<th>Percentage of<br>total size
<td align=center>100
<td align=center>78.69
<td align=center>3.23
<td align=center>21.03
<td align=center>2.85
<td align=center>9.23
<td align=center>7.87
<td align=center>0.14
<td align=center>3.21
<td align=center>6.88
<td align=center>17.10
<td align=center>3.37
<td align=center>3.95
<td align=center>11.44
<td align=center>9.87
<tr>
<th rowspan=2>VxWorks 5.3.1<br>g++ cygnus-<br>2.7.2-960126<br>
(with implicit templates)
<th>Size, bytes
<td align=center>1051540
<td align=center>888244
<td align=center>36484
<td align=center>140832
<td align=center>14344
<td align=center>66740
<td align=center>266192
<td align=center>14480
<td align=center>15084
<td align=center>106308
<td align=center>142500
<td align=center>55932
<td align=center>29348
<td align=center>88564
<td align=center>74732
<tr>
<th>Percentage of<br>total size
<td align=center>100
<td align=center>84.47
<td align=center>3.47
<td align=center>13.39
<td align=center>1.36
<td align=center>6.35
<td align=center>25.31
<td align=center>1.38
<td align=center>1.43
<td align=center>10.11
<td align=center>13.55
<td align=center>5.32
<td align=center>2.79
<td align=center>8.42
<td align=center>7.11
</table></center><p>
<hr><p>
<h3><a name="Building ACE Subsets">Building ACE Subsets</a></h3>
By default, the ACE library contains all of the components that ACE
currently supports. To reduce build time and library size, you can
exclude unused components. To do that, define an
<code>ACE_COMPONENTS</code> variable using this approach:<p>
<ol>
<li>In your <code>$(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU</code>
file, <em>e.g.</em>, add:
<pre><code>ACE_COMPONENTS = OS</code></pre>or<p>
<li>On the make command line, <em>e.g.</em>,
<pre><code>make ACE_COMPONENTS=OS</code></pre>or<p>
<li>Set (and export) the <code>ACE_COMPONENTS</code> environment variable
to contain the components that you want to build.<p>
</ol>
Please see <code><a href="../ace/Makefile">../ace/Makefile</a></code>
for the default contents of <code>ACE_COMPONENTS</code>.<p>
A special value of <code>ACE_COMPONENTS</code> can be used to
build an ACE library that supports
<a href="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/TAO.html">TAO</a>. The
special value is <code>FOR_TAO</code>. So, for example, you can
add this to your
<code>$(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/platform_macros.GNU</code>
to restrict ACE support to just that which is needed for TAO:
<pre><code>
ACE_COMPONENTS = FOR_TAO
</code></pre><p>
Please note the current limitations:<p>
<ol>
<li>We currently don't check for interdependencies between components.
For example, if you build any component beside <code>OS</code>, you
must explicitly include <code>OS</code> in your
<code>ACE_COMPONENTS</code>.<br><br></li>
<li>We currently don't check this macro in other ACE or TAO Makefiles, or
in their tests. We'll add those checks as time allows.<br><br></li>
<li>This is only supported by the gmake Makefiles. For example, the MSVC
projects on Win32 do not support the specification of components.<br><br></li>
</ol>
<hr><p>
<h3><a name="ACE_OS Adaptation Layer">ACE_OS Adaptation Layer</a></h3>
The lowest-level component, <code>OS</code>, is also called the
<em>ACE_OS adaption layer</em>. It provides the ACE interface to
the underlying operating system, but little else. It can be used
standalone.<p>
To create the ACE_OS adaptation layer, build your <code>libACE</code>
with <code>ACE_COMPONENTS</code> set to <code>OS</code>. In addition,
add <code>#include "ace/config-minimal.h"</code> to your
<code>ACE_wrappers/ace/config.h</code> file.<p>
When using the ACE_OS adaptation layer, you'll be limited to the
the <code>ACE_OS</code> member functions, ACE's
<a href="../ace/Basic_Types.h">Basic_Types</a> and
<a href="../ace/Sched_Params.h">Sched_Params</a>, and macros defined in
<a href="../ace/OS.h"><code>ace/OS.h</code></a>. See ACE's
<a href="../tests/Basic_Types_Test.cpp">Basic_Types_Test.cpp</a>
for an example of usage.<p>
<a name="minimumTAO"><!--#include virtual="minimumTAO.html" --></a>
<P><HR><P>
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home page.<BR>
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