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<META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Mozilla/4.04 [en] (X11; I; Linux 2.0.32 i486) [Netscape]">
<META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Billy Quinn">
<META NAME="Description" CONTENT="A first step towards using ACE productively">
<TITLE>ACE Tutorial 005</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY TEXT="#000000" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" LINK="#000FFF" VLINK="#FF0F0F">
<CENTER><B><FONT SIZE=+2>ACE Tutorial 005</FONT></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><FONT SIZE=+2>On the road to a multithreaded server</FONT></B></CENTER>
<P>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
<P>Before we go, I wanted you to see the <A HREF="Makefile">Makefile</A>.
<P>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
<BR>
<UL><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#----------------------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#
$Id$</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#----------------------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#----------------------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#
Local macros</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#----------------------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"># You can generally find a Makefile in
the ACE examples, tests or the library</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"># itself that will satisfy our application
needs. This one was taken from</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"># one of the examples.</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# Define the name of the binary we want to create. There has to be</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# a CPP file $(BIN).cpp but it doesn't necessarily have to have your</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# main() in it. Most of the time, though, it will.</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">BIN = server</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# Few applications will have a single source file. We use the FILES</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# macro to build up a list of additional files to compile. Notice</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# that we leave off the extension just as with BIN</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">FILES =</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">FILES += client_handler</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# The BUILD macro is used by the ACE makefiles. Basically, it tells</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# the system what to build. I don't really know what VBIN is other</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# than it is constructed from the value of BIN. Just go with it...</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">BUILD = $(VBIN)</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# Here we use some GNU make extensions to build the SRC macro. Basically,</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# we're just adding .cpp to the value of BIN and for each entry of the</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# FILES macro.</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">SRC = $(addsuffix .cpp,$(BIN)) $(addsuffix
.cpp,$(FILES))</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# This is used by my Indent target below. It's not a part of standard</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# ACE and you don't need it yourself.</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">HDR = *.h</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#----------------------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#
Include macros and targets</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#----------------------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# This is where the real power lies! These included makefile components</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# are similar to the C++ templates in ACE. That is, they do a tremendous</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# amount of work for you and all you have to do is include them.</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# As a matter of fact, in our project, I created a single file named</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# "app.mk" that includes all of these. Our project makefiles then
just</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# need to include app.mk to get everything they need.</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/wrapper_macros.GNU</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/macros.GNU</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/rules.common.GNU</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/rules.nonested.GNU</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/rules.lib.GNU</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/rules.bin.GNU</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/rules.local.GNU</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#----------------------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#
Local targets</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#----------------------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# Sometimes I like to reformat my code to make it more readable.
This is</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# more useful for the comments than anything else. Unfortunately,
the</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# "indent" program doesn't quite grok C++ so I have to post-process it's</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# output just a bit.</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">Indent : #</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
for i in $(SRC) $(HDR) ; do \</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
indent -npsl -l80 -fca -fc1 -cli0 -cdb < $$i | \</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
sed -e 's/: :/::/g' \</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
-e 's/^.*\(public:\)/\1/' \</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
-e 's/^.*\(protected:\)/\1/' \</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
-e 's/^.*\(private:\)/\1/' \</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
-e 's/:\(public\)/ : \1/' \</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
-e 's/:\(protected\)/ : \1/' \</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
-e 's/:\(private\)/ : \1/' \</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
> $$i~ ;\</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
mv $$i~ $$i ;\</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
done</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# One of the targets in the ACE makefiles is "depend". It will invoke</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# your compiler in a way that will generate a list of dependencies for</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# you. This is a great thing! Unfortunately, it puts all of
that mess</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# directly into the Makefile. I prefer my Makefile to stay clean
and</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# uncluttered. The perl script referenced here pulls the dependency</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# stuff back out of the Makefile and into a file ".depend" which we then</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# include just like the makefile components above.</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">Depend : depend</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
perl fix.Makefile</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica"> </FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#----------------------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#
Dependencies</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">#----------------------------------------------------------------------------</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# Don't put anything below here. Between the "depend" target and
fix.Makefile</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# it's guaranteed to be lost!</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">
# This is inserted by the fix.Makefile script</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE="Arial,Helvetica">include .depend</FONT></UL>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
<P>Remember, make wants to see tabs leading all of the directives.
If you do a cut/paste job you'll need to convert all leading spaces to
tabs or make will be very unhappy with you.
<P>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
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