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<!-- $Id$ -->
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<META NAME="Author" CONTENT="James CE Johnson">
<TITLE>ACE Tutorial 021</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY TEXT="#000000" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" LINK="#000FFF" VLINK="#FF0F0F">
<CENTER><B><FONT SIZE=+2>ACE Tutorial 021</FONT></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><FONT SIZE=+2>Pooling your memories</FONT></B></CENTER>
<P>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
The key components for creating the memory pool are:
<ul>
<li>Create and name the pool
<li>Allocate a chunk (region) of memory from the pool
<li>Name the allocated region
</ul>
The rest of it is just critical sections and data manipulation.
<hr>
<PRE>
<font color=red>// $Id$</font>
<font color=red>/*
I've hidden the details in an Allocator class declared in mpool.h
We'll come to that a little later.
*/</font>
<font color=blue>#include</font> "<font color=green>mpool.h</font>"
<font color=blue>#if defined</font>(<font color=purple>ACE_LACKS_SYSV_SHMEM</font>)
int
main (int, char *[])
{
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
"<font color=green>System V Semaphores not available on this platform.\n</font>"),100);
}
#else <font color=red>// ACE_LACKS_SYSV_SHMEM</font>
int
main (int, char *[])
{
<font color=red>/*
Construction of an Allocator will create the memory pool and
provide it with a name. The Constants class is also
declared in mpool.h to keep server and client on the same
page. The name is used to generate a unique semaphore which
prevents simultaneous access to the pools housekeeping
information. (Note that you still have to provide your own
synch mechanisms for the data *you* put in the poo.)
*/</font>
Allocator allocator (<font color=#008888>Constants::PoolName</font>);
<font color=red>/*
The Allocator class provides the pool() member so that you
have access to the actual memory pool. A more robust
implementation would behave more as a bridge class but this
is good enough for what we're doing here.
Once you have a reference to the pool, the malloc() method
can be used to get some bytes. If successful, shm will
point to the data. Otherwise, it will be zero.
*/</font>
char *shm = (char *) allocator.pool ().malloc (27);
ACE_ASSERT (shm != 0);
<font color=red>/// FYI</font>
ACE_DEBUG ((LM_INFO,
"<font color=green>Shared memory is at 0x%x\n</font>",
shm));
<font color=red>/*
Something that we can do with a memory pool is map a name to
a region provided by malloc. By doing this, we can
communicate that name to the client as a rendezvous
location. Again, a member of Constants is used to keep the
client and server coordinated.
*/</font>
if (allocator.pool ().bind(<font color=#008888>Constants::RegionName</font>,shm) == -1)
ACE_ERROR_RETURN ((LM_ERROR,
"<font color=green>Cannot bind the name '%s' to the pointer 0x%x\n</font>",
<font color=#008888>Constants::RegionName</font>,
shm),
100);
<font color=red>/*
One of the best ways to synch between different processes is
through the use of semaphores. ACE_SV_Semaphore_Complex
hides the gory details and lets us use them rather easily.
Here, we'll create two semaphores: mutex and synch. mutex
will be used to provide mutually exclusive access to the
shared region for writting/reading. synch will be used to
prevent the server from removing the memory pool before the
client is done with it.
Both semaphores are created in an initially locked state.
*/</font>
ACE_SV_Semaphore_Complex mutex;
ACE_ASSERT (mutex.open (<font color=#008888>Constants::SEM_KEY_1</font>,
<font color=#008888>ACE_SV_Semaphore_Complex::ACE_CREATE</font>,
0) != -1);
ACE_SV_Semaphore_Complex synch;
ACE_ASSERT (synch.open (<font color=#008888>Constants::SEM_KEY_2</font>,
<font color=#008888>ACE_SV_Semaphore_Complex::ACE_CREATE</font>,
0) != -1);
<font color=red>/*
We know the mutex is locked because we created it that way.
Take a moment to write some data into the shared region.
*/</font>
for (int i = 0; i < <font color=#008888>Constants::SHMSZ</font>; i++)
shm[i] = <font color=#008888>Constants::SHMDATA</font>[i];
<font color=red>/*
The client will be blocking on an acquire() of mutex. By
releasing it here, the client can go look at the shared data.
*/</font>
if (mutex.release () == -1)
ACE_ERROR ((LM_ERROR,
"<font color=green>(%P) %p</font>",
"<font color=green>server mutex.release</font>"));
<font color=red>/*
Even though we created the synch semaphore in a locked
state, if we attempt to acquire() it, we will block. Our
design requires that the client release() synch when it is
OK for us to remove the shared memory.
*/</font>
else if (synch.acquire () == -1)
ACE_ERROR ((LM_ERROR,
"<font color=green>(%P) %p</font>",
"<font color=green>server synch.acquire</font>"));
<font color=red>/*
This will remove all of the memory pool's resources. In the
case where a memory mapped file is used, the physical file
will also be removed.
*/</font>
if (allocator.pool ().remove () == -1)
ACE_ERROR ((LM_ERROR,
"<font color=green>(%P) %p\n</font>",
"<font color=green>server allocator.remove</font>"));
<font color=red>/*
We now have to cleanup the semaphores we created. Use the
ipcs command to see that they did, indeed, go away after the
server exits.
*/</font>
if (mutex.remove () == -1)
ACE_ERROR ((LM_ERROR,
"<font color=green>(%P) %p\n</font>",
"<font color=green>server mutex.remove</font>"));
else if (synch.remove () == -1)
ACE_ERROR ((LM_ERROR,
"<font color=green>(%P) %p\n</font>",
"<font color=green>server synch.remove</font>"));
return 0;
}
<font color=red>/*
This tutorial was created by shamelessly modifying one of the ACE
examples. Someone there had already created the necessary explicit
template instantiations & I don't want them to go to waste...
*/</font>
<font color=blue>#if defined</font> (<font color=purple>ACE_HAS_EXPLICIT_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION</font>)
template class ACE_Malloc<ACE_MMAP_MEMORY_POOL, ACE_SV_Semaphore_Simple>;
template class ACE_Malloc_T<ACE_MMAP_MEMORY_POOL, ACE_SV_Semaphore_Simple, ACE_Control_Block>;
template class ACE_Guard<ACE_SV_Semaphore_Simple>;
template class ACE_Write_Guard<ACE_SV_Semaphore_Simple>;
template class ACE_Read_Guard<ACE_SV_Semaphore_Simple>;
<font color=blue>#elif defined</font> (<font color=purple>ACE_HAS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_PRAGMA</font>)
<font color=blue>#pragma</font> <font color=purple>instantiate</font> ACE_Malloc<ACE_MMAP_MEMORY_POOL, ACE_SV_Semaphore_Simple>
<font color=blue>#pragma</font> <font color=purple>instantiate</font> ACE_Malloc_T<ACE_MMAP_MEMORY_POOL, ACE_SV_Semaphore_Simple, ACE_Control_Block>
<font color=blue>#pragma</font> <font color=purple>instantiate</font> ACE_Guard<ACE_SV_Semaphore_Simple>
<font color=blue>#pragma</font> <font color=purple>instantiate</font> ACE_Write_Guard<ACE_SV_Semaphore_Simple>
<font color=blue>#pragma</font> <font color=purple>instantiate</font> ACE_Read_Guard<ACE_SV_Semaphore_Simple>
<font color=blue>#endif</font> <font color=red>/* ACE_HAS_EXPLICIT_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION */</font>
<font color=blue>#endif</font> <font color=red>/* ACE_LACKS_SYSV_SHMEM */</font>
</PRE>
<P><HR WIDTH="100%">
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