/* Copyright (c) 2011 Google, Inc. */
/* */
/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy */
/* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal */
/* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights */
/* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell */
/* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is */
/* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: */
/* */
/* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in */
/* all copies or substantial portions of the Software. */
/* */
/* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR */
/* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, */
/* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE */
/* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER */
/* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, */
/* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN */
/* THE SOFTWARE. */
/* */
/* CityHash, by Geoff Pike and Jyrki Alakuijala */
/* */
/* This file provides CityHash64() and related functions. */
/* */
/* It's probably possible to create even faster hash functions by */
/* writing a program that systematically explores some of the space of */
/* possible hash functions, by using SIMD instructions, or by */
/* compromising on hash quality. */

#include "city_c.h"
#include <string.h>

#if defined(__sparc) || defined(__sparc__) \
    || defined(_POWER) || defined(__powerpc__) \
    || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__hpux) || defined(__hppa) \
    || defined(_MIPSEB) || defined(_POWER) \
    || defined(__s390__)
#   define WORDS_BIGENDIAN
#elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__alpha__) \
    || defined(__ia64) || defined(__ia64__) \
    || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_IA64) \
    || defined(_M_ALPHA) || defined(__amd64) \
    || defined(__amd64__) || defined(_M_AMD64) \
    || defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) \
    || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__bfin__)
#   define WORDS_LITTLEENDIAN
#endif

#if !defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
#   define uint32_in_expected_order(x) (x)
#   define uint64_in_expected_order(x) (x)
#else
#   if defined _MSC_VER
#      include <stdlib.h>
#      define bswap_32(x) _byteswap_ulong(x)
#      define bswap_64(x) _byteswap_uint64(x)
#   elif defined(__APPLE__)
/* Mac OS X / Darwin features */
#      include <libkern/OSByteOrder.h>
#      define bswap_32(x) OSSwapInt32(x)
#      define bswap_64(x) OSSwapInt64(x)
#   else
#      include <byteswap.h>
#   endif
#   define uint32_in_expected_order(x) (bswap_32(x))
#   define uint64_in_expected_order(x) (bswap_64(x))
#endif  /* WORDS_BIGENDIAN */

#if !defined inline
#   ifdef _MSC_VER
#      define inline __inline
#   endif
#endif

#if !defined LIKELY
#   if defined __GNUC__ && (__GNUC__ > 2 || (__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 96))/*GCC 2.96 above */
#      define LIKELY(x) (__builtin_expect(!!(x), 1))
#   else
#      define LIKELY(x) (x)
#   endif
#endif

#define UNSAFE_SWAP(type, a, b) do { type tmp; tmp = (a); (a) = (b); (b) = tmp; } while (0)

static inline uint128 UInt128(uint64 low, uint64 high)
{
    uint128 val;
    val.first = low;
    val.second = high;
    return val;
}

static inline uint64 UNALIGNED_LOAD64(const char *p)
{
    uint64 result;
    memcpy(&result, p, sizeof(result));
    return result;
}

static inline uint32 UNALIGNED_LOAD32(const char *p)
{
    uint32 result;
    memcpy(&result, p, sizeof(result));
    return result;
}

static uint64 Hash64Pairto64(uint64 u, uint64 v)
{
    /* Murmur-inspired hashing. */
    static const uint64 kMul = 0x9ddfea08eb382d69ULL;
    uint64 a, b;
    a = (u ^ v) * kMul;
    a ^= (a >> 47);
    b = (v ^ a) * kMul;
    b ^= (b >> 47);
    b *= kMul;
    return b;
}

static inline uint64 Fetch64(const char *p)
{
    return uint64_in_expected_order(UNALIGNED_LOAD64(p));
}

static inline uint32 Fetch32(const char *p)
{
    return uint32_in_expected_order(UNALIGNED_LOAD32(p));
}

/* Some primes between 2^63 and 2^64 for various uses. */
static const uint64 k0 = 0xc3a5c85c97cb3127ULL;
static const uint64 k1 = 0xb492b66fbe98f273ULL;
static const uint64 k2 = 0x9ae16a3b2f90404fULL;
static const uint64 k3 = 0xc949d7c7509e6557ULL;

/* Bitwise right rotate.  Normally this will compile to a single */
/* instruction, especially if the shift is a manifest constant. */
static inline uint64 Rotate(uint64 val, int shift)
{
    /* Avoid shifting by 64: doing so yields an undefined result. */
    return shift == 0 ? val : ((val >> shift) | (val << (64 - shift)));
}

/* Equivalent to Rotate(), but requires the second arg to be non-zero. */
/* On x86-64, and probably others, it's possible for this to compile */
/* to a single instruction if both args are already in registers. */
static inline uint64 RotateByAtLeast1(uint64 val, int shift)
{
    return (val >> shift) | (val << (64 - shift));
}

static inline uint64 ShiftMix(uint64 val)
{
    return val ^ (val >> 47);
}

static inline uint64 HashLen16(uint64 u, uint64 v)
{
    /*return Hash128to64(uint128(u, v)); */
    return Hash64Pairto64(u, v);
}

static uint64 HashLen0to16(const char *s, size_t len)
{
    if (len > 8) {
        uint64 a = Fetch64(s);
        uint64 b = Fetch64(s + len - 8);
        return HashLen16(a, RotateByAtLeast1(b + len, len)) ^ b;
    }

    if (len >= 4) {
        uint64 a = Fetch32(s);
        return HashLen16(len + (a << 3), Fetch32(s + len - 4));
    }

    if (len > 0) {
        uint8 a = s[0];
        uint8 b = s[len >> 1];
        uint8 c = s[len - 1];
        uint32 y = (uint32)a + ((uint32)b << 8);
        uint32 z = len + ((uint32)c << 2);
        return ShiftMix(y * k2 ^ z * k3) * k2;
    }

    return k2;
}

/* This probably works well for 16-byte strings as well, but it may be overkill */
/* in that case. */
static uint64 HashLen17to32(const char *s, size_t len)
{
    uint64 a = Fetch64(s) * k1;
    uint64 b = Fetch64(s + 8);
    uint64 c = Fetch64(s + len - 8) * k2;
    uint64 d = Fetch64(s + len - 16) * k0;
    return HashLen16(Rotate(a - b, 43) + Rotate(c, 30) + d,
                     a + Rotate(b ^ k3, 20) - c + len);
}

/* Return a 16-byte hash for 48 bytes.  Quick and dirty. */
/* Callers do best to use "random-looking" values for a and b. */
static uint128 WeakHashLen32WithSeeds6(uint64 w, uint64 x, uint64 y, uint64 z, uint64 a, uint64 b)
{
    uint64 c;
    a += w;
    b = Rotate(b + a + z, 21);
    c = a;
    a += x;
    a += y;
    b += Rotate(a, 44);
    return UInt128(a + z, b + c);
}

/* Return a 16-byte hash for s[0] ... s[31], a, and b.  Quick and dirty. */
static uint128 WeakHashLen32WithSeeds3(const char *s, uint64 a, uint64 b)
{
    return WeakHashLen32WithSeeds6(Fetch64(s),
                                   Fetch64(s + 8),
                                   Fetch64(s + 16),
                                   Fetch64(s + 24),
                                   a,
                                   b);
}

/* Return an 8-byte hash for 33 to 64 bytes. */
static uint64 HashLen33to64(const char *s, size_t len)
{
    uint64 z = Fetch64(s + 24);
    uint64 a = Fetch64(s) + (len + Fetch64(s + len - 16)) * k0;
    uint64 b = Rotate(a + z, 52);
    uint64 c = Rotate(a, 37);
    uint64 vf, vs, wf, ws, r;
    a += Fetch64(s + 8);
    c += Rotate(a, 7);
    a += Fetch64(s + 16);
    vf = a + z;
    vs = b + Rotate(a, 31) + c;
    a = Fetch64(s + 16) + Fetch64(s + len - 32);
    z = Fetch64(s + len - 8);
    b = Rotate(a + z, 52);
    c = Rotate(a, 37);
    a += Fetch64(s + len - 24);
    c += Rotate(a, 7);
    a += Fetch64(s + len - 16);
    wf = a + z;
    ws = b + Rotate(a, 31) + c;
    r = ShiftMix((vf + ws) * k2 + (wf + vs) * k0);
    return ShiftMix(r * k0 + vs) * k2;
}

uint64 CityHash64(const char *s, size_t len)
{
    if (len <= 32) {
        if (len <= 16)
            return HashLen0to16(s, len);
        else
            return HashLen17to32(s, len);
    }
    else if (len <= 64)
    {
        return HashLen33to64(s, len);
    }

    do {
        /* For strings over 64 bytes we hash the end first, and then as we */
        /* loop we keep 56 bytes of state: v, w, x, y, and z. */
        uint64 x = Fetch64(s + len - 40);
        uint64 y = Fetch64(s + len - 16) + Fetch64(s + len - 56);
        uint64 z = HashLen16(Fetch64(s + len - 48) + len, Fetch64(s + len - 24));
        uint128 v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds3(s + len - 64, len, z);
        uint128 w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds3(s + len - 32, y + k1, x);
        x = x * k1 + Fetch64(s);

        /* Decrease len to the nearest multiple of 64, and operate on 64-byte chunks. */
        len = (len - 1) & ~(size_t)63;

        do {
            x = Rotate(x + y + v.first + Fetch64(s + 8), 37) * k1;
            y = Rotate(y + v.second + Fetch64(s + 48), 42) * k1;
            x ^= w.second;
            y += v.first + Fetch64(s + 40);
            z = Rotate(z + w.first, 33) * k1;
            v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds3(s, v.second * k1, x + w.first);
            w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds3(s + 32, z + w.second, y + Fetch64(s + 16));
            UNSAFE_SWAP(uint64, z, x);
            s += 64;
            len -= 64;
        } while (len != 0);

        return HashLen16(HashLen16(v.first, w.first) + ShiftMix(y) * k1 + z,
                         HashLen16(v.second, w.second) + x);
    } while (0);
}

uint64 CityHash64WithSeed(const char *s, size_t len, uint64 seed)
{
    return CityHash64WithSeeds(s, len, k2, seed);
}

uint64 CityHash64WithSeeds(const char *s, size_t len, uint64 seed0, uint64 seed1)
{
    return HashLen16(CityHash64(s, len) - seed0, seed1);
}

/* A subroutine for CityHash128().  Returns a decent 128-bit hash for strings */
/* of any length representable in signed long.  Based on City and Murmur. */
static uint128 CityMurmur(const char *s, size_t len, uint128 seed)
{
    uint64 a = Uint128Low64(seed);
    uint64 b = Uint128High64(seed);
    uint64 c = 0;
    uint64 d = 0;
    signed long l = len - 16;

    if (l <= 0) { /* len <= 16 */
        a = ShiftMix(a * k1) * k1;
        c = b * k1 + HashLen0to16(s, len);
        d = ShiftMix(a + (len >= 8 ? Fetch64(s) : c));
    }
    else {  /* len > 16 */
        c = HashLen16(Fetch64(s + len - 8) + k1, a);
        d = HashLen16(b + len, c + Fetch64(s + len - 16));
        a += d;

        do {
            a ^= ShiftMix(Fetch64(s) * k1) * k1;
            a *= k1;
            b ^= a;
            c ^= ShiftMix(Fetch64(s + 8) * k1) * k1;
            c *= k1;
            d ^= c;
            s += 16;
            l -= 16;
        } while (l > 0);
    }

    a = HashLen16(a, c);
    b = HashLen16(d, b);
    return UInt128(a ^ b, HashLen16(b, a));
}

uint128 CityHash128WithSeed(const char *s, size_t len, uint128 seed)
{
    if (len < 128)
        return CityMurmur(s, len, seed);

    do {
        /* We expect len >= 128 to be the common case.  Keep 56 bytes of state: */
        /* v, w, x, y, and z. */
        uint128 v, w;
        uint64 x = Uint128Low64(seed);
        uint64 y = Uint128High64(seed);
        uint64 z = len * k1;
        size_t tail_done;
        v.first = Rotate(y ^ k1, 49) * k1 + Fetch64(s);
        v.second = Rotate(v.first, 42) * k1 + Fetch64(s + 8);
        w.first = Rotate(y + z, 35) * k1 + x;
        w.second = Rotate(x + Fetch64(s + 88), 53) * k1;

        /* This is the same inner loop as CityHash64(), manually unrolled. */
        do {
            x = Rotate(x + y + v.first + Fetch64(s + 8), 37) * k1;
            y = Rotate(y + v.second + Fetch64(s + 48), 42) * k1;
            x ^= w.second;
            y += v.first + Fetch64(s + 40);
            z = Rotate(z + w.first, 33) * k1;
            v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds3(s, v.second * k1, x + w.first);
            w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds3(s + 32, z + w.second, y + Fetch64(s + 16));
            UNSAFE_SWAP(uint64, z, x);
            s += 64;
            x = Rotate(x + y + v.first + Fetch64(s + 8), 37) * k1;
            y = Rotate(y + v.second + Fetch64(s + 48), 42) * k1;
            x ^= w.second;
            y += v.first + Fetch64(s + 40);
            z = Rotate(z + w.first, 33) * k1;
            v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds3(s, v.second * k1, x + w.first);
            w = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds3(s + 32, z + w.second, y + Fetch64(s + 16));
            UNSAFE_SWAP(uint64, z, x);
            s += 64;
            len -= 128;
        } while (LIKELY(len >= 128));

        x += Rotate(v.first + z, 49) * k0;
        z += Rotate(w.first, 37) * k0;

        /* If 0 < len < 128, hash up to 4 chunks of 32 bytes each from the end of s. */
        for (tail_done = 0; tail_done < len;) {
            tail_done += 32;
            y = Rotate(x + y, 42) * k0 + v.second;
            w.first += Fetch64(s + len - tail_done + 16);
            x = x * k0 + w.first;
            z += w.second + Fetch64(s + len - tail_done);
            w.second += v.first;
            v = WeakHashLen32WithSeeds3(s + len - tail_done, v.first + z, v.second);
        }

        /* At this point our 56 bytes of state should contain more than */
        /* enough information for a strong 128-bit hash.  We use two */
        /* different 56-byte-to-8-byte hashes to get a 16-byte final result. */
        x = HashLen16(x, v.first);
        y = HashLen16(y + z, w.first);
        return UInt128(HashLen16(x + v.second, w.second) + y,
                       HashLen16(x + w.second, y + v.second));
    } while (0);
}

uint128 CityHash128(const char *s, size_t len)
{
    if (len >= 16)
        return CityHash128WithSeed(s + 16,
                                   len - 16,
                                   UInt128(Fetch64(s) ^ k3,
                                           Fetch64(s + 8)));
    else if (len >= 8)
        return CityHash128WithSeed(NULL,
                                   0,
                                   UInt128(Fetch64(s) ^ (len * k0),
                                           Fetch64(s + len - 8) ^ k1));
    else
        return CityHash128WithSeed(s, len, UInt128(k0, k1));
}

#ifdef __SSE4_2__
#   include "citycrc_c.h"
#   include <nmmintrin.h>

/* Requires len >= 240. */
static void CityHashCrc256Long(const char *s, size_t len, uint32 seed, uint64 *result)
{
    uint64 a = Fetch64(s + 56) + k0;
    uint64 b = Fetch64(s + 96) + k0;
    uint64 c = result[0] = HashLen16(b, len);
    uint64 d = result[1] = Fetch64(s + 120) * k0 + len;
    uint64 e = Fetch64(s + 184) + seed;
    uint64 f = seed;
    uint64 g = 0;
    uint64 h = 0;
    uint64 i = 0;
    uint64 j = 0;
    uint64 t = c + d;

    /* 240 bytes of input per iter. */
    size_t iters = len / 240;
    len -= iters * 240;

    do {
#   define CHUNK(multiplier, z)                                    \
    {                                                           \
        uint64 old_a = a;                                         \
        a = Rotate(b, 41 ^ z) * multiplier + Fetch64(s);          \
        b = Rotate(c, 27 ^ z) * multiplier + Fetch64(s + 8);      \
        c = Rotate(d, 41 ^ z) * multiplier + Fetch64(s + 16);     \
        d = Rotate(e, 33 ^ z) * multiplier + Fetch64(s + 24);     \
        e = Rotate(t, 25 ^ z) * multiplier + Fetch64(s + 32);     \
        t = old_a;                                                \
    }                                                           \
    f = _mm_crc32_u64(f, a);                                    \
    g = _mm_crc32_u64(g, b);                                    \
    h = _mm_crc32_u64(h, c);                                    \
    i = _mm_crc32_u64(i, d);                                    \
    j = _mm_crc32_u64(j, e);                                    \
    s += 40

        CHUNK(1, 1); CHUNK(k0, 0);
        CHUNK(1, 1); CHUNK(k0, 0);
        CHUNK(1, 1); CHUNK(k0, 0);
    } while (--iters > 0);

    while (len >= 40) {
        CHUNK(k0, 0);
        len -= 40;
    }

    if (len > 0) {
        s = s + len - 40;
        CHUNK(k0, 0);
    }

    j += i << 32;
    a = HashLen16(a, j);
    h += g << 32;
    b += h;
    c = HashLen16(c, f) + i;
    d = HashLen16(d, e + result[0]);
    j += e;
    i += HashLen16(h, t);
    e = HashLen16(a, d) + j;
    f = HashLen16(b, c) + a;
    g = HashLen16(j, i) + c;
    result[0] = e + f + g + h;
    a = ShiftMix((a + g) * k0) * k0 + b;
    result[1] += a + result[0];
    a = ShiftMix(a * k0) * k0 + c;
    result[2] = a + result[1];
    a = ShiftMix((a + e) * k0) * k0;
    result[3] = a + result[2];
}

/* Requires len < 240. */
static inline void CityHashCrc256Short(const char *s, size_t len, uint64 *result)
{
    char buf[240];
    memcpy(buf, s, len);
    memset(buf + len, 0, 240 - len);
    CityHashCrc256Long(buf, 240, ~(uint32)len, result);
}

void CityHashCrc256(const char *s, size_t len, uint64 *result)
{
    if (LIKELY(len >= 240))
        CityHashCrc256Long(s, len, 0, result);
    else
        CityHashCrc256Short(s, len, result);
}

uint128 CityHashCrc128WithSeed(const char *s, size_t len, uint128 seed)
{
    if (len <= 900) {
        return CityHash128WithSeed(s, len, seed);
    }
    else {
        uint64 result[4], u, v;
        CityHashCrc256(s, len, result);
        u = Uint128High64(seed) + result[0];
        v = Uint128Low64(seed) + result[1];
        return UInt128(HashLen16(u, v + result[2]),
                       HashLen16(Rotate(v, 32), u * k0 + result[3]));
    }
}

uint128 CityHashCrc128(const char *s, size_t len)
{
    if (len <= 900) {
        return CityHash128(s, len);
    }
    else {
        uint64 result[4];
        CityHashCrc256(s, len, result);
        return UInt128(result[2], result[3]);
    }
}

#endif