path: root/man/NetworkManager.conf.xml

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  NetworkManager.conf(5) manual page

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<refentry id="NetworkManager.conf">
  <refentryinfo>
    <title>NetworkManager.conf</title>
    <author>NetworkManager developers</author>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>NetworkManager.conf</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
    <refmiscinfo class="source">NetworkManager</refmiscinfo>
    <refmiscinfo class="manual">Configuration</refmiscinfo>
    <refmiscinfo class="version">&NM_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>NetworkManager.conf</refname>
    <refpurpose>NetworkManager configuration file</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <para><filename>/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf</filename>,
    <filename>/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/<replaceable>name</replaceable>.conf</filename>,
    <filename>/run/NetworkManager/conf.d/<replaceable>name</replaceable>.conf</filename>,
    <filename>/usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/<replaceable>name</replaceable>.conf</filename>,
    <filename>/var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager-intern.conf</filename>
    </para>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>
    <para><literal>NetworkManager.conf</literal> is the configuration file for NetworkManager. It is used
    to set up various aspects of NetworkManager's behavior. The
    location of the main file and configuration directories may be changed
    through use of the <option>--config</option>, <option>--config-dir</option>,
    <option>--system-config-dir</option>, and <option>--intern-config</option>
    argument for NetworkManager, respectively.
    </para>
    <para>If a default <literal>NetworkManager.conf</literal> is
    provided by your distribution's packages, you should not modify
    it, since your changes may get overwritten by package
    updates. Instead, you can add additional <literal>.conf</literal>
    files to the <literal>/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d</literal> directory.
    These will be read in order, with later files overriding earlier ones.
    Packages might install further configuration snippets to <literal>/usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d</literal>.
    This directory is parsed first, even before <literal>NetworkManager.conf</literal>.
    Scripts can also put per-boot configuration into <literal>/run/NetworkManager/conf.d</literal>.
    This directory is parsed second, also before <literal>NetworkManager.conf</literal>.
    The loading of a file <literal>/run/NetworkManager/conf.d/<replaceable>name</replaceable>.conf</literal>
    can be prevented by adding a file <literal>/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/<replaceable>name</replaceable>.conf</literal>.
    Likewise, a file <literal>/usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/<replaceable>name</replaceable>.conf</literal>
    can be shadowed by putting a file of the same name to either <literal>/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d</literal>
    or <literal>/run/NetworkManager/conf.d</literal>.
    </para>
    <para>
    NetworkManager can overwrite certain user configuration options via D-Bus or other internal
    operations. In this case it writes those changes to <literal>/var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager-intern.conf</literal>.
    This file is not intended to be modified by the user, but it is read last and can shadow
    user configuration from <literal>NetworkManager.conf</literal>.
    </para>
    <para>
    Certain settings from the configuration can be reloaded at runtime either by sending SIGHUP signal or via
    D-Bus' Reload call.
    </para>

  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>File Format</title>
    <para>
      The configuration file format is so-called key file (sort of
      ini-style format).  It consists of sections (groups) of
      key-value pairs. Lines beginning with a '#' and blank lines are
      considered comments. Sections are started by a header line
      containing the section enclosed in '[' and ']', and ended
      implicitly by the start of the next section or the end of the
      file. Each key-value pair must be contained in a section.
    </para>
    <para>
      For keys that take a list of devices as their value, you can
      specify devices by their MAC addresses or interface names, or
      "*" to specify all devices. See <xref linkend="device-spec"/>
      below.
    </para>
    <para>
      Minimal system settings configuration file looks like this:
      <programlisting>
[main]
plugins=keyfile
</programlisting>
    </para>
    <para>
      As an extension to the normal keyfile format, you can also
      append a value to a previously-set list-valued key by doing:
      <programlisting>
plugins+=another-plugin
plugins-=remove-me
</programlisting>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title><literal>main</literal> section</title>
    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>plugins</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Lists system settings plugin names separated by ','. These
            plugins are used to read and write system-wide
            connections. When multiple plugins are specified, the
            connections are read from all listed plugins. When writing
            connections, the plugins will be asked to save the
            connection in the order listed here; if the first plugin
            cannot write out that connection type (or can't write out
            any connections) the next plugin is tried, etc. If none of
            the plugins can save the connection, an error is returned
            to the user.
          </para>
          <para>
            If NetworkManager defines a distro-specific
            network-configuration plugin for your system, then that
            will normally be listed here. (See below for the available
            plugins.) Note that the <literal>keyfile</literal> plugin
            is always appended to the end of this list (if it doesn't
            already appear earlier in the list), so if there is no
            distro-specific plugin for your system then you can leave
            this key unset and NetworkManager will fall back to using
            <literal>keyfile</literal>.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>monitor-connection-files</varname></term>
        <listitem><para>Whether the configured settings plugin(s)
        should set up file monitors and immediately pick up changes
        made to connection files while NetworkManager is running. This
        is disabled by default; NetworkManager will only read
        the connection files at startup, and when explicitly requested
        via the ReloadConnections D-Bus call. If this key is set to
        '<literal>true</literal>', then NetworkManager will reload
        connection files any time they changed.
        Automatic reloading is not advised because there are race conditions
        involved and it depends on the way how the editor updates the file.
        In some situations, NetworkManager might first delete and add the
        connection anew, instead of updating the existing one. Also, NetworkManager
        might pick up incomplete settings while the user is still editing the files.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>auth-polkit</varname></term>
        <listitem><para>Whether the system uses PolicyKit for authorization.
        If <literal>false</literal>, all requests will be allowed. If
        <literal>true</literal>, non-root requests are authorized using PolicyKit.
        The default value is <literal>&NM_CONFIG_DEFAULT_MAIN_AUTH_POLKIT_TEXT;</literal>.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>dhcp</varname></term>
        <listitem><para>This key sets up what DHCP client
        NetworkManager will use. Allowed values are
        <literal>dhclient</literal>, <literal>dhcpcd</literal>, and
        <literal>internal</literal>. The <literal>dhclient</literal>
        and <literal>dhcpcd</literal> options require the indicated
        clients to be installed. The <literal>internal</literal>
        option uses a built-in DHCP client which is not currently as
        featureful as the external clients.</para>
        <para>If this key is missing, it defaults to <literal>&NM_CONFIG_DEFAULT_MAIN_DHCP;</literal>.
        It the chosen plugin is not available, clients are looked for
        in this order: <literal>dhclient</literal>, <literal>dhcpcd</literal>,
        <literal>internal</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>no-auto-default</varname></term>
        <listitem><para>Specify devices for which
        NetworkManager shouldn't create default wired connection
        (Auto eth0).  By default, NetworkManager creates a temporary
        wired connection for any Ethernet device that is managed and
        doesn't have a connection configured. List a device in this
        option to inhibit creating the default connection for the
        device. May have the special value <literal>*</literal> to
        apply to all devices.</para>
        <para>When the default wired connection is deleted or saved
        to a new persistent connection by a plugin, the device is
        added to a list in the file
        <filename>/run/NetworkManager/no-auto-default.state</filename>
        to prevent creating the default connection for that device
        again.</para>
        <para>See <xref linkend="device-spec"/> for the syntax how to
        specify a device.
        </para>
        <para>
          Example:
          <programlisting>
no-auto-default=00:22:68:5c:5d:c4,00:1e:65:ff:aa:ee
no-auto-default=eth0,eth1
no-auto-default=*
</programlisting>
        </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>ignore-carrier</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            This setting is deprecated for the per-device setting
            <literal>ignore-carrier</literal> which overwrites this setting
            if specified (See <xref linkend="ignore-carrier"/>).
            Otherwise, it is a list of matches to specify for which device
            carrier should be ignored. See <xref linkend="device-spec"/> for the
            syntax how to specify a device.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>assume-ipv6ll-only</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Specify devices for which NetworkManager will try to
            generate a connection based on initial configuration when
            the device only has an IPv6 link-local address.
          </para>
          <para>See <xref linkend="device-spec"/> for the syntax how to
           specify a device.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>configure-and-quit</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            When set to '<literal>true</literal>', NetworkManager quits after
            performing initial network configuration but spawns small helpers
            to preserve DHCP leases and IPv6 addresses.  This is useful in
            environments where network setup is more or less static or it is
            desirable to save process time but still handle some dynamic
            configurations.  When this option is <literal>true</literal>,
            network configuration for WiFi, WWAN, Bluetooth, ADSL, and PPPoE
            interfaces cannot be preserved due to their use of external
            services, and these devices will be deconfigured when NetworkManager
            quits even though other interface's configuration may be preserved.
            Also, to preserve DHCP addresses the '<literal>dhcp</literal>' option
            must be set to '<literal>internal</literal>'. The default value of
            the '<literal>configure-and-quit</literal>' option is
            '<literal>false</literal>', meaning that NetworkManager will continue
            running after initial network configuration and continue responding
            to system and hardware events, D-Bus requests, and user commands.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>dns</varname></term>
        <listitem><para>Set the DNS (<filename>resolv.conf</filename>) processing mode.
        If the key is unspecified, <literal>default</literal> is used,
        unless <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> is a symlink to
        <filename>/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf</filename>,
        <filename>/lib/systemd/resolv.conf</filename> or
        <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/resolv.conf</filename>.
        In that case, <literal>systemd-resolved</literal> is chosen automatically.
        </para>
        <para><literal>default</literal>: NetworkManager will update
        <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> to reflect the nameservers
        provided by currently active connections.</para>
        <para><literal>dnsmasq</literal>: NetworkManager will run
        dnsmasq as a local caching nameserver, using a "split DNS"
        configuration if you are connected to a VPN, and then update
        <filename>resolv.conf</filename> to point to the local
        nameserver. It is possible to pass custom options to the
        dnsmasq instance by adding them to files in the
        "<filename>&sysconfdir;/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/</filename>"
        directory. Note that when multiple upstream servers are
        available, dnsmasq will initially contact them in parallel and
        then use the fastest to respond, probing again other servers
        after some time. This behavior can be modified passing the
        'all-servers' or 'strict-order' options to dnsmasq (see the
        manual page for more details).</para>
        <para><literal>unbound</literal>: NetworkManager will talk
        to unbound and dnssec-triggerd, providing a "split DNS"
        configuration with DNSSEC support. <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
        will be managed by dnssec-trigger daemon.</para>
        <para><literal>systemd-resolved</literal>: NetworkManager will
        push the DNS configuration to systemd-resolved</para>
        <para><literal>none</literal>: NetworkManager will not
        modify resolv.conf. This implies
        <literal>rc-manager</literal>&nbsp;<literal>unmanaged</literal></para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>rc-manager</varname></term>
        <listitem><para>Set the <filename>resolv.conf</filename>
        management mode. The default value depends on NetworkManager build
        options, and this version of NetworkManager was build with a default of
        "<literal>&NM_CONFIG_DEFAULT_MAIN_RC_MANAGER;</literal>".
        Regardless of this setting, NetworkManager will
        always write resolv.conf to its runtime state directory.</para>
        <para><literal>symlink</literal>: NetworkManager will symlink
        <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> to its private
        resolv.conf file in the runtime state directory. If
        <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
        already is a symlink pointing to a different location, the file
        will not be modified. This allows the user to disable managing
        by pointing the link <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> to
        somewhere else.</para>
        <para><literal>file</literal>: NetworkManager will write
        <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> as file. If it finds
        a symlink, it will follow the symlink and update the target
        instead.</para>
        <para><literal>resolvconf</literal>: NetworkManager will run
        resolvconf to update the DNS configuration.</para>
        <para><literal>netconfig</literal>: NetworkManager will run
        netconfig to update the DNS configuration.</para>
        <para><literal>unmanaged</literal>: don't touch
        <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>
        <para><literal>none</literal>: deprecated alias for
        <literal>symlink</literal>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>debug</varname></term>
        <listitem><para>Comma separated list of options to aid
        debugging. This value will be combined with the environment
        variable <literal>NM_DEBUG</literal>. Currently the following
        values are supported:</para>
        <para>
          <literal>RLIMIT_CORE</literal>: set ulimit -c unlimited
          to write out core dumps. Beware, that a core dump can contain
          sensitive information such as passwords or configuration settings.
        </para>
        <para>
          <literal>fatal-warnings</literal>: set g_log_set_always_fatal()
          to core dump on warning messages from glib. This is equivalent
          to the --g-fatal-warnings command line option.
        </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>autoconnect-retries-default</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            The number of times a connection activation should be
            automatically tried before switching to another one. This
            value applies only to connections that can auto-connect
            and have a
            <literal>connection.autoconnect-retries</literal> property
            set to -1. If not specified, connections will be retried 4
            times.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title><literal>keyfile</literal> section</title>
    <para>This section contains keyfile-plugin-specific options, and
    is normally only used when you are not using any other
    distro-specific plugin.</para>

    <para>
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>hostname</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>This key is deprecated and has no effect
          since the hostname is now stored in <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>
          or other system configuration files according to build options.
          </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>path</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The location where keyfiles are read and stored.
            This defaults to "<filename>&sysconfdir;/NetworkManager/conf.d</filename>".
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>unmanaged-devices</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Set devices that should be ignored by
           NetworkManager.
          </para>
          <para>See <xref linkend="device-spec"/> for the syntax how to
           specify a device.
          </para>
          <para>
            Example:
            <programlisting>
unmanaged-devices=interface-name:em4
unmanaged-devices=mac:00:22:68:1c:59:b1;mac:00:1E:65:30:D1:C4;interface-name:eth2
</programlisting>
          </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title><literal>ifupdown</literal> section</title>
    <para>This section contains ifupdown-specific options and thus only
    has effect when using the <literal>ifupdown</literal> plugin.</para>

    <para>
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>managed</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>If set to <literal>true</literal>, then
          interfaces listed in
          <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> are managed by
          NetworkManager.  If set to <literal>false</literal>, then
          any interface listed in
          <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename> will be ignored
          by NetworkManager. Remember that NetworkManager controls the
          default route, so because the interface is ignored,
          NetworkManager may assign the default route to some other
          interface.</para>
          <para>
            The default value is <literal>false</literal>.
          </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title><literal>logging</literal> section</title>
    <para>This section controls NetworkManager's logging.  Any
    settings here are overridden by the <option>--log-level</option>
    and <option>--log-domains</option> command-line options.</para>

    <para>
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>level</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>The default logging verbosity level.
          One of <literal>OFF</literal>, <literal>ERR</literal>,
          <literal>WARN</literal>, <literal>INFO</literal>,
          <literal>DEBUG</literal>, <literal>TRACE</literal>.  The ERR
          level logs only critical errors.  WARN logs warnings that may
          reflect operation. INFO logs various informational messages that
          are useful for tracking state and operations.  DEBUG enables
          verbose logging for debugging purposes. TRACE enables even more
          verbose logging then DEBUG level.  Subsequent levels also log
          all messages from earlier levels; thus setting the log level
          to INFO also logs error and warning messages.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>domains</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>The following log domains are available:
          PLATFORM, RFKILL, ETHER, WIFI, BT, MB, DHCP4, DHCP6, PPP,
          WIFI_SCAN, IP4, IP6, AUTOIP4, DNS, VPN, SHARING, SUPPLICANT,
          AGENTS, SETTINGS, SUSPEND, CORE, DEVICE, OLPC, WIMAX,
          INFINIBAND, FIREWALL, ADSL, BOND, VLAN, BRIDGE, DBUS_PROPS,
          TEAM, CONCHECK, DCB, DISPATCH, AUDIT, SYSTEMD, VPN_PLUGIN.</para>
          <para>In addition, these special domains can be used: NONE,
          ALL, DEFAULT, DHCP, IP.</para>
          <para>You can specify per-domain log level overrides by
          adding a colon and a log level to any domain. E.g.,
          "<literal>WIFI:DEBUG,WIFI_SCAN:OFF</literal>".</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <para>Domain descriptions:
          <simplelist type="horiz" columns="1">
          <member>PLATFORM    : OS (platform) operations</member>
          <member>RFKILL      : RFKill subsystem operations</member>
          <member>ETHER       : Ethernet device operations</member>
          <member>WIFI        : Wi-Fi device operations</member>
          <member>BT          : Bluetooth operations</member>
          <member>MB          : Mobile broadband operations</member>
          <member>DHCP4       : DHCP for IPv4</member>
          <member>DHCP6       : DHCP for IPv6</member>
          <member>PPP         : Point-to-point protocol operations</member>
          <member>WIFI_SCAN   : Wi-Fi scanning operations</member>
          <member>IP4         : IPv4-related operations</member>
          <member>IP6         : IPv6-related operations</member>
          <member>AUTOIP4     : AutoIP operations</member>
          <member>DNS         : Domain Name System related operations</member>
          <member>VPN         : Virtual Private Network connections and operations</member>
          <member>SHARING     : Connection sharing</member>
          <member>SUPPLICANT  : WPA supplicant related operations</member>
          <member>AGENTS      : Secret agents operations and communication</member>
          <member>SETTINGS    : Settings/config service operations</member>
          <member>SUSPEND     : Suspend/resume</member>
          <member>CORE        : Core daemon and policy operations</member>
          <member>DEVICE      : Activation and general interface operations</member>
          <member>OLPC        : OLPC Mesh device operations</member>
          <member>WIMAX       : WiMAX device operations</member>
          <member>INFINIBAND  : InfiniBand device operations</member>
          <member>FIREWALL    : FirewallD related operations</member>
          <member>ADSL        : ADSL device operations</member>
          <member>BOND        : Bonding operations</member>
          <member>VLAN        : VLAN operations</member>
          <member>BRIDGE      : Bridging operations</member>
          <member>DBUS_PROPS  : D-Bus property changes</member>
          <member>TEAM        : Teaming operations</member>
          <member>CONCHECK    : Connectivity check</member>
          <member>DCB         : Data Center Bridging (DCB) operations</member>
          <member>DISPATCH    : Dispatcher scripts</member>
          <member>AUDIT       : Audit records</member>
          <member>SYSTEMD     : Messages from internal libsystemd</member>
          <member>VPN_PLUGIN  : logging messages from VPN plugins</member>
          <member> </member>
          <member>NONE        : when given by itself logging is disabled</member>
          <member>ALL         : all log domains</member>
          <member>DEFAULT     : default log domains</member>
          <member>DHCP        : shortcut for "DHCP4,DHCP6"</member>
          <member>IP          : shortcut for "IP4,IP6"</member>
          <member> </member>
          <member>HW          : deprecated alias for "PLATFORM"</member>
          </simplelist>
          </para>
          <para>
          In general, the logfile should not contain passwords or private data. However,
          you are always advised to check the file before posting it online or attaching
          to a bug report. <literal>VPN_PLUGIN</literal> is special as it might reveal
          private information of the VPN plugins with verbose levels. Therefore this domain
          will be excluded when setting <literal>ALL</literal> or <literal>DEFAULT</literal>
          to more verbose levels then <literal>INFO</literal>.
          </para>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>backend</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>The logging backend. Supported values
          are "<literal>debug</literal>", "<literal>syslog</literal>",
          "<literal>journal</literal>".
          "<literal>debug</literal>" uses syslog and logs to standard error.
          If NetworkManager is started in debug mode (<literal>--debug</literal>)
          this option is ignored and "<literal>debug</literal>" is always used.
          Otherwise, the default is "<literal>&NM_CONFIG_DEFAULT_LOGGING_BACKEND_TEXT;</literal>".
          </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>audit</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Whether the audit records are delivered to
          auditd, the audit daemon.  If <literal>false</literal>, audit
          records will be sent only to the NetworkManager logging
          system. If set to <literal>true</literal>, they will be also
          sent to auditd.  The default value is <literal>&NM_CONFIG_DEFAULT_LOGGING_AUDIT_TEXT;</literal>.
          </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title><literal>connection</literal> section</title>
    <para>Specify default values for connections.
    </para>
    <para>
      Example:
<programlisting>
[connection]
ipv6.ip6-privacy=0
</programlisting>
    </para>
    <refsect2>
    <title>Supported Properties</title>
    <para>
      Not all properties can be overwritten, only the following
      properties are supported to have their default values configured
      (see <link linkend='nm-settings'><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nm-settings</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></link> for details).
      A default value is only consulted if the corresponding per-connection value
      explicitly allows for that.
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>connection.autoconnect-slaves</varname></term>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>connection.lldp</varname></term>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ethernet.cloned-mac-address</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>If left unspecified, it defaults to "preserve".</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ethernet.generate-mac-address-mask</varname></term>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ethernet.wake-on-lan</varname></term>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ipv4.dad-timeout</varname></term>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ipv4.dhcp-timeout</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>If left unspecified, the default value for
           the interface type is used.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ipv4.route-metric</varname></term>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ipv6.ip6-privacy</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>If <literal>ipv6.ip6-privacy</literal> is unset, use the content of
            "/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/default/use_tempaddr" as last fallback.
          </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ipv6.route-metric</varname></term>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>vpn.timeout</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>If left unspecified, default value of 60 seconds is used.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>wifi.cloned-mac-address</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>If left unspecified, it defaults to "preserve".</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>wifi.generate-mac-address-mask</varname></term>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>wifi.mac-address-randomization</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>If left unspecified, MAC address randomization is disabled.
            This setting is deprecated for <literal>wifi.cloned-mac-address</literal>.
          </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>wifi.powersave</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>If left unspecified, the default value
          "<literal>ignore</literal>" will be used.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </para>
    </refsect2>

    <refsect2 id="connection-sections" xreflabel="“Sections” under the section called “CONNECTION SECTION”">
    <title>Sections</title>
    <para>
        You can configure multiple <literal>connection</literal>
        sections, by having different sections with a name that all start
        with "connection".
        Example:
<programlisting>
[connection]
ipv6.ip6-privacy=0
connection.autoconnect-slaves=1
vpn.timeout=120

[connection-wifi-wlan0]
match-device=interface-name:wlan0
ipv4.route-metric=50

[connection-wifi-other]
match-device=type:wifi
ipv4.route-metric=55
ipv6.ip6-privacy=1
</programlisting>
    </para>

    <para>
        The sections within one file are considered in order of appearance, with the
        exception that the <literal>[connection]</literal> section is always
        considered last. In the example above, this order is <literal>[connection-wifi-wlan0]</literal>,
        <literal>[connection-wlan-other]</literal>, and <literal>[connection]</literal>.
        When checking for a default configuration value, the sections are searched until
        the requested value is found.
        In the example above, "ipv4.route-metric" for wlan0 interface is set to 50,
        and for all other Wi-Fi typed interfaces to 55. Also, Wi-Fi devices would have
        IPv6 private addresses enabled by default, but other devices would have it disabled.
        Note that also "wlan0" gets "ipv6.ip6-privacy=1", because although the section
        "[connection-wifi-wlan0]" matches the device, it does not contain that property
        and the search continues.
    </para>
    <para>
        When having different sections in multiple files, sections from files that are read
        later have higher priority. So within one file the priority of the sections is
        top-to-bottom. Across multiple files later definitions take precedence.
    </para>

    <para>
      The following properties further control how a connection section applies.
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>match-device</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>An optional device spec that restricts
          when the section applies. See <xref linkend="device-spec"/>
          for the possible values.
          </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>stop-match</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>An optional boolean value which defaults to
          <literal>no</literal>. If the section matches (based on
          <literal>match-device</literal>), further sections will not be
          considered even if the property in question is not present. In
          the example above, if <literal>[connection-wifi-wlan0]</literal> would
          have <literal>stop-match</literal> set to <literal>yes</literal>,
          the device <literal>wlan0</literal> would have <literal>ipv6.ip6-privacy</literal>
          property unspecified. That is, the search for the property would not continue
          in the connection sections <literal>[connection-wifi-other]</literal>
          or <literal>[connection]</literal>.
          </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </para>
    </refsect2>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title><literal>device</literal> section</title>
    <para>Contains per-device persistent configuration.
    </para>
    <para>
      Example:
<programlisting>
[device]
match-device=interface-name:eth3
unmanaged=1
</programlisting>
    </para>
    <refsect2>
    <title>Supported Properties</title>
    <para>
      The following properties can be configured per-device.
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry id="ignore-carrier">
          <term><varname>ignore-carrier</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Specify devices for which NetworkManager will (partially)
              ignore the carrier state. Normally, for
              device types that support carrier-detect, such as Ethernet
              and InfiniBand, NetworkManager will only allow a
              connection to be activated on the device if carrier is
              present (ie, a cable is plugged in), and it will
              deactivate the device if carrier drops for more than a few
              seconds.
            </para>
            <para>
              A device with carrier ignored will allow activating connections on
              that device even when it does not have carrier, provided
              that the connection uses only statically-configured IP
              addresses. Additionally, it will allow any active
              connection (whether static or dynamic) to remain active on
              the device when carrier is lost.
            </para>
            <para>
              Note that the "carrier" property of NMDevices and device D-Bus
              interfaces will still reflect the actual device state; it's just
              that NetworkManager will not make use of that information.
            </para>
            <para>
              This setting overwrites the deprecated <literal>main.ignore-carrier</literal>
              setting above.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>wifi.scan-rand-mac-address</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Configures MAC address randomization of a Wi-Fi device during
              scanning. This defaults to <literal>yes</literal> in which case
              a random, locally-administered MAC address will be used.
              The setting <literal>wifi.scan-generate-mac-address-mask</literal>
              allows to influence the generated MAC address to use certain vendor
              OUIs.
              If disabled, the MAC address during scanning is left unchanged to
              whatever is configured.
              For the configured MAC address while the device is associated, see instead
              the per-connection setting <literal>wifi.cloned-mac-address</literal>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>wifi.scan-generate-mac-address-mask</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Like the per-connection settings <literal>ethernet.generate-mac-address-mask</literal>
              and <literal>wifi.generate-mac-address-mask</literal>, this allows to configure the
              generated MAC addresses during scanning. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nm-settings</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
              for details.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </para>
    </refsect2>

    <refsect2>
    <title>Sections</title>
    <para>
        The <literal>[device]</literal> section works the same as the <literal>[connection]</literal> section.
        That is, multiple sections that all start with the prefix "device" can be specified.
        The settings "match-device" and "stop-match" are available to match a device section
        on a device. The order of multiple sections is also top-down within the file and
        later files overwrite previous settings. See <xref linkend="connection-sections"/>
        for details.
    </para>
    </refsect2>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title><literal>connectivity</literal> section</title>
    <para>This section controls NetworkManager's optional connectivity
    checking functionality.  This allows NetworkManager to detect
    whether or not the system can actually access the internet or
    whether it is behind a captive portal.</para>

    <para>
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>uri</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>The URI of a web page to periodically
          request when connectivity is being checked.  This page
          should return the header "X-NetworkManager-Status" with a
          value of "online".  Alternatively, it's body content should
          be set to "NetworkManager is online".  The body content
          check can be controlled by the <literal>response</literal>
          option.  If this option is blank or missing, connectivity
          checking is disabled.
          </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>interval</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Specified in seconds; controls how often
          connectivity is checked when a network connection exists. If
          set to 0 connectivity checking is disabled.  If missing, the
          default is 300 seconds.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>response</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>If set controls what body content
          NetworkManager checks for when requesting the URI for
          connectivity checking.  If missing, defaults to
          "NetworkManager is online" </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title><literal>global-dns</literal> section</title>
    <para>This section specifies global DNS settings that override
    connection-specific configuration.</para>
    <para>
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>searches</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>
             A list of search domains to be used during hostname lookup.
           </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>options</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>
             A list of of options to be passed to the hostname resolver.
           </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title><literal>global-dns-domain</literal> sections</title>
    <para>Sections with a name starting with the "global-dns-domain-"
    prefix allow to define global DNS configuration for specific
    domains.  The part of section name after "global-dns-domain-"
    specifies the domain name a section applies to.  More specific
    domains have the precedence over less specific ones and the
    default domain is represented by the wildcard "*".  A default
    domain section is mandatory.
    </para>
    <para>
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>servers</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>
             A list of addresses of DNS servers to be used for the given domain.
           </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>options</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>
             A list of domain-specific DNS options. Not used at the moment.
           </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title><literal>.config</literal> sections</title>
      <para>This is a special section that contains options which apply
      to the configuration file that contains the option.
    </para>
    <para>
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>enable</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              Defaults to "<literal>true</literal>". If "<literal>false</literal>",
              the configuration file will be skipped during loading.
              Note that the main configuration file <literal>NetworkManager.conf</literal>
              cannot be disabled.
<programlisting>
# always skip loading the config file
[.config]
enable=false
</programlisting>
            </para>
            <para>
              You can also match against the version of NetworkManager. For example
              the following are valid configurations:
<programlisting>
# only load on version 1.0.6
[.config]
enable=nm-version:1.0.6

# load on all versions 1.0.x, but not 1.2.x
[.config]
enable=nm-version:1.0

# only load on versions &gt;= 1.1.6. This does not match
# with version 1.2.0 or 1.4.4. Only the last digit is considered.
[.config]
enable=nm-version-min:1.1.6

# only load on versions &gt;= 1.2. Contrary to the previous
# example, this also matches with 1.2.0, 1.2.10, 1.4.4, etc.
[.config]
enable=nm-version-min:1.2

# Match against the maximum allowed version. The example matches
# versions 1.2.0, 1.2.2, 1.2.4. Again, only the last version digit
# is allowed to be smaller. So this would not match match on 1.1.10.
[.config]
enable=nm-version-max:1.2.6
</programlisting>
            </para>
            <para>
              You can also match against the value of the environment variable
              <literal>NM_CONFIG_ENABLE_TAG</literal>, like:
<programlisting>
# always skip loading the file when running NetworkManager with
# environment variable "NM_CONFIG_ENABLE_TAG=TAG1"
[.config]
enable=env:TAG1
</programlisting>
            </para>
            <para>
              More then one match can be specified. The configuration will be
              enabled if one of the predicates matches ("or"). The special prefix "except:" can
              be used to negate the match. Note that if one except-predicate
              matches, the entire configuration will be disabled.
              In other words, a except predicate always wins over other predicates.
<programlisting>
# enable the configuration either when the environment variable
# is present or the version is at least 1.2.0.
[.config]
enable=env:TAG2,nm-version-min:1.2

# enable the configuration for version &gt;= 1.2.0, but disable
# it when the environment variable is set to "TAG3"
[.config]
enable=except:env:TAG3,nm-version-min:1.2

# enable the configuration on &gt;= 1.3, &gt;= 1.2.6, and &gt;= 1.0.16.
# Useful if a certain feature is only present since those releases.
[.config]
enable=nm-version-min:1.3,nm-version-min:1.2.6,nm-version-min:1.0.16
</programlisting>
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Plugins</title>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>keyfile</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            The <literal>keyfile</literal> plugin is the generic
            plugin that supports all the connection types and
            capabilities that NetworkManager has. It writes files out
            in an .ini-style format in
            <filename>/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections</filename>.
          </para>
          <para>
            The stored connection file may contain passwords and
            private keys, so it will be made readable only to root,
            and the plugin will ignore files that are readable or
            writable by any user or group other than root.
          </para>
          <para>
            This plugin is always active, and will automatically be
            used to store any connections that aren't supported by any
            other active plugin.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>ifcfg-rh</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            This plugin is used on the Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise
            Linux distributions to read and write configuration from
            the standard
            <filename>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*</filename>
            files. It currently supports reading Ethernet, Wi-Fi,
            InfiniBand, VLAN, Bond, Bridge, and Team connections.
            Enabling <literal>ifcfg-rh</literal> implicitly enables
            <literal>ibft</literal> plugin, if it is available.
            This can be disabled by adding <literal>no-ibft</literal>.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>ifcfg-suse</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            This plugin is deprecated and its selection has no effect.
            The <literal>keyfile</literal> plugin should be used
            instead.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>ifupdown</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            This plugin is used on the Debian and Ubuntu
            distributions, and reads Ethernet and Wi-Fi connections
            from <filename>/etc/network/interfaces</filename>.
          </para>
          <para>
            This plugin is read-only; any connections (of any type)
            added from within NetworkManager when you are using this
            plugin will be saved using the <literal>keyfile</literal>
            plugin instead.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>ibft</varname>, <varname>no-ibft</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            This plugin allows to read iBFT configuration (iSCSI Boot Firmware Table).
            The configuration is read using <filename>/sbin/iscsiadm</filename>. Users are
            expected to configure iBFT connections via the firmware interfaces.
            If ibft support is available, it is automatically enabled after
            <literal>ifcfg-rh</literal>. This can be disabled by <literal>no-ibft</literal>.
            You can also explicitly specify <literal>ibft</literal> to load the
            plugin without <literal>ifcfg-rh</literal> or to change the plugin order.
          </para>
          <para>
            Note that ibft plugin uses <filename>/sbin/iscsiadm</filename> and thus requires
            CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Appendix</title>
    <refsect2 id="device-spec">
      <title>Device List Format</title>
      <para>
          The configuration options <literal>main.no-auto-default</literal>, <literal>main.ignore-carrier</literal>,
          <literal>keyfile.unmanaged-devices</literal>, <literal>connection*.match-device</literal> and
          <literal>device*.match-device</literal> select devices based on a list of matchings.
          Devices can be specified using the following format:
      </para>
      <para>
      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>*</term>
          <listitem><para>Matches every device.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>IFNAME</term>
          <listitem><para>Case sensitive match of interface name of the device. Globbing is not supported.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>HWADDR</term>
          <listitem><para>Match the permanent MAC address of the device. Globbing is not supported</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>interface-name:IFNAME</term>
          <term>interface-name:~IFNAME</term>
          <listitem><para>Case sensitive match of interface name of the device. Simple globbing is supported with
             <literal>*</literal> and <literal>?</literal>. Ranges and escaping is not supported.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>interface-name:=IFNAME</term>
          <listitem><para>Case sensitive match of interface name of the device. Globbing is disabled and <literal>IFNAME</literal>
             is taken literally.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>mac:HWADDR</term>
          <listitem><para>Match the permanent MAC address of the device. Globbing is not supported</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>s390-subchannels:HWADDR</term>
          <listitem><para>Match the device based on the subchannel address. Globbing is not supported</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>type:TYPE</term>
          <listitem><para>Match the device type. Valid type names are as reported by "<literal>nmcli -f GENERAL.TYPE device show</literal>".
          Globbing is not supported.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>except:SPEC</term>
          <listitem><para>Negative match of a device. <literal>SPEC</literal> must be explicitly qualified with
             a prefix such as <literal>interface-name:</literal>. A negative match has higher priority then the positive
             matches above.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term>SPEC[,;]SPEC</term>
          <listitem><para>Multiple specs can be concatenated with commas or semicolons. The order does not matter as
            matches are either inclusive or negative (<literal>except:</literal>), with negative matches having higher
            priority.
            </para>
            <para>Backslash is supported to escape the separators ';' and ',', and to express special
            characters such as newline ('\n'), tabulator ('\t'), whitespace ('\s') and backslash ('\\'). The globbing of
            interface names cannot be escaped. Whitespace is not a separator but will be trimmed between
            two specs (unless escaped as '\s').
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
      </para>
      <para>
        Example:
        <programlisting>
interface-name:em4
mac:00:22:68:1c:59:b1;mac:00:1E:65:30:D1:C4;interface-name:eth2
interface-name:vboxnet*,except:interface-name:vboxnet2
*,except:mac:00:22:68:1c:59:b1
</programlisting>
      </para>
    </refsect2>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See Also</title>
    <para>
      <link linkend='NetworkManager'><citerefentry><refentrytitle>NetworkManager</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></link>,
      <link linkend='nmcli'><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nmcli</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></link>,
      <link linkend='nmcli-examples'><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nmcli-examples</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry></link>,
      <link linkend='nm-online'><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nm-online</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></link>,
      <link linkend='nm-settings'><citerefentry><refentrytitle>nm-settings</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></link>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nm-applet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nm-connection-editor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    </para>
  </refsect1>
</refentry>