# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only barebox ------- barebox is a bootloader that follows the tradition of Das U-Boot, while adopting modern design ideas from the Linux kernel. Features -------- - A POSIX-based file API Inside barebox the usual open/close/read/write/lseek functions are used. This makes it familiar to everyone who has programmed under UNIX systems. - Usual shell commands like ls/cd/mkdir/echo/cat,... - The environment is not a variable store anymore, but a file store. It has currently some limitations, of course. The environment is not a real read/write filesystem, but more like a tar archive. The saveenv command saves the files under a certain directory (by default /env) in persistent storage (by default /dev/env0). There is a counterpart called loadenv, too. - filesystem support The loader starts up with mounting a ramdisk on /. Then a devfs is mounted on /dev allowing the user (or shell commands) to access devices. Apart from these two filesystems there are a number of different filesystems ported: ext4, efi, efivarfs, ext4, fat, jffs2, NFS, pstore, squashfs, ubifs, u-boot variable FS among others. - device/driver model Devices are no longer described by defines in the config file. Instead devices are registered as they are discovered (e.g. through OpenFirmware device tree traversal or EFI handles) or by board code. Drivers will match upon the devices automatically. - clocksource support Timekeeping has been simplified by the use of the Linux clocksource API. no [gs]et_timer[masked]() or reset_timer[masked]() functions. - Kconfig and Kernel build system Only targets which are really needed get recompiled. Parallel builds are no problem anymore. This also removes the need for many many ifdefs in the code. - ARCH=sandbox simulation target barebox can be compiled to run under Linux. While this is rather useless in real world this is a great debugging and development aid. New features can be easily developed and tested on long train journeys and started under gdb. There is a console driver for Linux which emulates a serial device and a TAP-based Ethernet driver. Linux files can be mapped to devices under barebox to emulate storage devices. - device parameter support Each device can have an unlimited number of parameters. They can be accessed on the command line with .="...", for example 'eth0.ip=192.168.0.7' or 'echo $eth0.ip' - initcalls hooks in the startup process can be achieved with *_initcall() directives in each file. - getopt There is a small getopt implementation. Some commands got really complicated (both in code and in usage) due to the fact that U-Boot allowed only positional parameters. - editor Scripts can be edited with a small editor. This editor has no features except the ones really needed: moving the cursor and typing characters. Building barebox ---------------- barebox uses the Linux kernel's build system. It consists of two parts: the Makefile infrastructure (kbuild), plus a configuration system (kconfig). So building barebox is very similar to building the Linux kernel. For the examples below, we use the User Mode barebox implementation, which is a port of barebox to the Linux userspace. This makes it possible to test drive the code without having real hardware. So for this test scenario, ARCH=sandbox is the valid architecture selection. This currently works on at least IA32 hosts and x86-64 hosts. Selection of the architecture and the cross compiler can be done by using the environment variables ARCH and CROSS_COMPILE. In order to configure the various aspects of barebox, start the barebox configuration system: # make menuconfig This command starts a menu box and lets you select all the different options available for your architecture. Once the configuration was finished (you can simulate this by using the standard demo config file with 'make sandbox_defconfig'), there is a .config file in the toplevel directory of the source code. Once barebox is configured, we can start the compilation # make If everything goes well, the result is a file called barebox: # ls -l barebox -rwxr-xr-x 1 rsc ptx 114073 Jun 26 22:34 barebox barebox usually needs an environment for storing the configuration data. You can generate an environment using the example environment contained in board/sandbox/env: # ./scripts/bareboxenv -s -p 0x10000 arch/sandbox/board/env env.bin To get some files to play with, you can generate a cramfs image: # mkcramfs somedir/ cramfs.bin The barebox image is a normal Linux executable, so it can be started just like every other program: # ./barebox -e env.bin -i cramfs.bin barebox 2.0.0-trunk (Jun 26 2007 - 22:34:38) loading environment from /dev/env0 barebox> / Specifying -[ie] tells barebox to map the file as a device under /dev. Files given with '-e' will appear as /dev/env[n]. Files given with '-i' will appear as /dev/fd[n]. If barebox finds a valid configuration sector on /dev/env0 it will load it to /env. It then executes /env/init if it exists. If you have loaded the example environment, barebox will show you a menu asking for your settings. If you have started barebox as root, you will find a new tap device on your host which you can configure using ifconfig. Once you configured barebox' network settings accordingly you can do a ping or tftpboot. If you have mapped a cramfs image, try mounting it with # mkdir /cram # mount /dev/fd0 cramfs /cram Memory can be examined as usual using md/mw commands. They both understand the -f option to tell the commands that they should work on the specified files instead of /dev/mem which holds the complete address space. Note that if you call 'md /dev/fd0' (without -f) barebox will segfault on the host, because it will interpret /dev/fd0 as a number. Directory Layout ---------------- Most of the directory layout is based upon the Linux Kernel: arch/* -> contains architecture specific parts arch/*/include -> architecture specific includes arch/*/mach-* -> SoC specific code arch/*/mach-*/include -> SoC specific includes drivers/serial -> drivers drivers/net drivers/... fs/ -> filesystem support and filesystem drivers lib/ -> generic library functions (getopt, readline and the like) common/ -> common stuff commands/ -> many things previously in common/cmd_*, one command per file net/ -> Networking stuff scripts/ -> Kconfig system Documentation/ -> Sphinx generated documentation. Call "make docs" to generate a HTML version in Documentation/html. Release Strategy ---------------- barebox is developed with git. On a monthly schedule, tarball releases are branched from the repository and released on the project web site. Here are the release rules: - Releases follow a time based scheme: barebox-xxxx.yy.z.tar.bz2 ^^^^ ^^ ^----------- Bugfix Number, starting at 0 \ \------------- Month \---------------- Year Example: barebox-2009.12.0.tar.bz2 - Releases are made around the beginning of the month. As we are aiming for monthly releases, development is considered to be a continuous process. If you find bugs in one release, you have the chance to get patches in on a very short time scale. - Usually, there are no bugfix releases, so z=0. If there is a need to make a bugfix release, z is the right place to increment. - If there may be a reason for pre releases, they are called barebox-xxxx.yy.z-pren.tar.bz ^------ Number of prerelease, starting with 1 Example: barebox-2009.12.0-pre1.tar.bz2 We think that there is no need for pre releases, but if it's ever necessary, this is the scheme we follow. - Only the monthly releases are archived on the web site. The tarballs are located in https://www.barebox.org/download/ and this location does never change, in order to make life easier for distribution people. Contributing ------------ For any questions regarding barebox, send a mail to the mailing list at . The archives for this list are available publicly at and . The same list should also be used to send patches. barebox uses a similar process as the Linux kernel, so most of the Linux guide for submitting patches also applies to barebox (except the step for selecting your recipient - we don't have a MAINTAINERS file, instead all patches go to the list). License ------- Copyright (C) 2000 - 2005 Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de. Copyright (C) 2018 Sascha Hauer, Pengutronix, and individual contributors barebox is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License in the file COPYING along with this program. If not, see . Individual files may contain the following SPDX license tags as a shorthand for the above copyright and warranty notices: SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later This eases machine processing of licensing information based on the SPDX License Identifiers that are available at http://spdx.org/licenses/. Also note that some files in the barebox source tree are available under several different GPLv2-compatible open-source licenses. This fact is noted clearly in the file headers of the respective files.