diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/bash.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.ps | 9650 |
1 files changed, 4836 insertions, 4814 deletions
diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 88891024..f8c70eaa 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.4 -%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 13 11:04:34 2022 +%%CreationDate: Fri Aug 12 11:28:42 2022 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(1)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(1)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -463,8 +463,8 @@ F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(2)204.835 E -0 Cg EP +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(2)203.165 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ F2(case)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F2(select)3.143 E F0 .643(command \(only) 669.6 R F6(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 686.4 Q F0 (This section describes the syntax of the v)108 698.4 Q (arious forms of shell commands.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(3)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(3)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ or more pipelines separated by the)108 650.4 R F1(&&)2.671 E F0(and) G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e)2.5 E (xit status of zero \(success\).)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 712.8 Q F2(command1)144 729.6 Q F1(||)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E F0 -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(4)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(4)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ ormal quoting and pattern characters lose their meanings between brack) .583(with inde)144 720 R 3.083(x0)-.15 G .582 (contains the portion of the string matching the entire re)-.001 F .582 (gular e)-.15 F 3.082(xpression. Substrings)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(5)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(5)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -938,37 +938,38 @@ F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 E -.15(ex)144 458.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F3 (select)108 475.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) -.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F3(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 -.433(The list of w)144 487.2 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in) -2.933 E F0 .432(is e)2.933 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) --.15 F .432(The set of e)5.432 F .432(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .842 -(is printed on the standard error)144 499.2 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 -(ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) --3.342 E F3(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .843 -(is omitted, the posi-)3.343 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) -144 511.2 R F1 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 -(w\). The)-.25 F F1(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a) -2.451 F .213(line read from the standard input.)144 523.2 R .213 -(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.213 -F 1.538(played w)144 535.2 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) --.25 F F2(name)4.398 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.218 F 4.037(ord. If) --.1 F 1.537(the line is empty)4.037 F 4.037(,t)-.65 G 1.537(he w)-4.037 -F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 547.2 R 2.565 -(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.565 F(An) -5.066 E 2.566(yo)-.15 G .066(ther v)-2.566 F .066(alue read causes)-.25 -F F2(name)144.36 559.2 Q F0 .954(to be set to null.)3.634 F .954 -(The line read is sa)5.954 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.453(di).15 G 3.453(nt) --3.453 G .953(he v)-3.453 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(REPL)3.453 E(Y)-.828 E F4 -(.)A F0(The)5.453 E F2(list)3.543 E F0 .953(is e)4.133 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.953(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 571.2 R F3(br) -2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 -(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F3(select) -2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .072(xit status of the)-.15 F -(last command e)144 583.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.59 E -F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(case)108 600 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F3(in)2.5 E -F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(|)2.5 E F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) -2.5 E F3(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 612 Q F3(case)3.265 E F0 .764 +1.358(The list of w)144 487.2 R 1.358(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3 +(in)3.858 E F0 1.358(is e)3.858 F 1.357 +(xpanded, generating a list of items, and the set of e)-.15 F(xpanded) +-.15 E -.1(wo)144 499.2 S .601(rds is printed on the standard error).1 F +3.101(,e)-.4 G .601(ach preceded by a number)-3.101 F 5.601(.I)-.55 G +3.101(ft)-5.601 G(he)-3.101 E F3(in)3.101 E F2(wor)3.101 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.602(is omitted, the)3.101 F .188 +(positional parameters are printed \(see)144 511.2 R F1 -.666(PA)2.688 G +(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.438 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(select)5.188 E F0 .188 +(then displays the)2.688 F F1(PS3)2.687 E F0(prompt)2.437 E .46 +(and reads a line from the standard input.)144 523.2 R .461 +(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of)5.46 F .141 +(the displayed w)144 535.2 R .141(ords, then the v)-.1 F .141(alue of) +-.25 F F2(name)3.001 E F0 .141(is set to that w)2.821 F 2.641(ord. 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The).15 F -.15(ex)2.556 G .056(it status of).15 F F3 +(select)2.556 E F0(is)2.556 E(the e)144 583.2 Q +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E +F2(list)2.59 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e) +-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(case)108 600 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 +E F3(in)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3 +(|)2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 +(;; ] ...)2.5 E F3(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 612 Q F3(case)3.265 E F0 .764 (command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .883 @@ -997,7 +998,7 @@ F0 .254(in place of)2.754 F F3(;;)2.754 E F0 .254(causes e)2.754 F -.15 (Using)144 720 Q F3(;;&)3.378 E F0 .878(in place of)3.378 F F3(;;)3.378 E F0 .878(causes the shell to test the ne)3.378 F .878 (xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 2.178 -.65(y, a)-.15 H -(nd).65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(6)204.835 E 0 Cg +(nd).65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(6)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -1123,7 +1124,7 @@ Q F0 2.698(As)108 691.2 S .198 (cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 703.2 S .5 -.25(ew s) -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E (Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(7)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(7)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1256,8 +1257,8 @@ E F2(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H (replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)3.027 F (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follo)108 684 Q (ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 696 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 696 Q F2(\\b)144 708 -Q F0(backspace)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(8) -204.835 E 0 Cg EP +Q F0(backspace)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(8) +203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1372,7 +1373,7 @@ F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .164(+= is)2.664 F .132 (sion and added to the v)108 722.4 R(ariable')-.25 E 3.726(sc)-.55 G 1.227(urrent v)-3.726 F 1.227(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.727(luated. When).25 F 1.227(+= is applied to an array)3.727 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(9)204.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(9)203.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1514,7 +1515,7 @@ E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1<ad>108 703.2 Q F0 .882 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G .881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) 144 715.2 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(10)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(10)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1642,7 +1643,7 @@ F F1($0)2.751 E F0 2.751(;s)C(ee)-2.751 E .041 (f)-5.216 E F1 -.3(BA)2.716 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .216 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.716 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.716(ni).15 G(f)-2.716 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 705.6 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(11)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(11)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1747,7 +1748,7 @@ H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 690 Q F0 1.208 (yt)-3.537 G 1.037(he programmable completion f)-3.537 F 1.037 (acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.537 E 1.037(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(be-)3.537 E(lo)144 726 Q(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(12)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(12)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1870,8 +1871,8 @@ F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) (at line number)144 702 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 (]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G 1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 714 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E -(13)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(this information.)144 714 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 +E(13)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1965,7 +1966,7 @@ F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547 3.517 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.017(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.267 E 3.516 (w\). The)-.25 F 1.016(characters between the insertion point and the) 3.516 F(mark are often called the)144 720 Q F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(gion)-.03 E -F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(14)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(14)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2088,8 +2089,8 @@ E F0 3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 (is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 (shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 729.6 R F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 -(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(15)199.835 E -0 Cg EP +(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(15)198.165 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2206,7 +2207,7 @@ A F2(HISTFILE)108 672 Q F0 .181 -.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 696 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 (dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(16)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(16)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2325,7 +2326,7 @@ E F0(\(see)4.426 E F2(READLINE)2.76 E F0(be-)2.51 E(lo)144 624 Q(w\).) (rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F2(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G .974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 720 Q(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(17)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(17)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2434,8 +2435,8 @@ E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) -.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 720 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E -(18)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E +(18)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2549,7 +2550,7 @@ E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 692.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 (ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 704.4 Q(.)-.55 -E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(19)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(19)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2701,7 +2702,7 @@ F .228(to the e)108 727.2 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 (Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 (\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(20)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(20)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2850,8 +2851,8 @@ F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.149 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A F2(]})A F0 3.149(,w)C(here)-3.149 E F1(x)3.149 E F0(and)3.149 E F1(y) 3.149 E F0 .649(are either inte)3.149 F .649 -(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(21)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29) +149.005 E(21)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2989,7 +2990,7 @@ E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT) (the v)108 724.8 R .415(ariable to be e)-.25 F .415 (xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .414 (wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(22)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(22)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3123,8 +3124,8 @@ E F1(@)3.284 E F0(or)3.284 E F1(*)3.284 E F0 3.284(,t)C .784 (en relati)-.1 F 1.851 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 4.051(oo).15 G 1.551 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-4.051 F 4.051(,s)-.4 G 4.052(oa)-4.051 G 4.052(no)-4.052 G -.25(ff)-4.052 G 1.552 -(set of \2551).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(23) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(set of \2551).25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(23) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3253,7 +3254,7 @@ H 3.314(ft).65 G .814(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) (,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 708 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G .422 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) -2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 720 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(24)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(24)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3387,7 +3388,8 @@ F F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 705.6 R F1(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F .153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 -717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(25)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(25)198.165 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3492,7 +3494,7 @@ F2 -.2(ex)2.735 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(under)2.975 E .235 .2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 2.799(are not treated specially and are remo)5.3 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.299(d. 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If)108 650.4 R .977 -(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .978 +(output before the standard output w)108 674.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 691.2 Q F0 .598(handles se) +3.098 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F +3.099(ya)-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo) +-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 703.2 R .978 +(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .977 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 662.4 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 679.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 691.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E -(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 703.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(29)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 715.2 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(29)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 -96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 -E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 144 Q F2 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -168 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 180 Q F2(host) -2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)A F0(If)180 96 Q +F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G +(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 108 +Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de) +144 132 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 144 Q +F1(/de)144 156 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 +168 Q F1(/de)144 180 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If) +180 192 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 204 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +216 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 228 Q F2(host) +2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 240 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -208.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045 -(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F -(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -254.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +256.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .045(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 273.6 R 2.546(ym)-.15 G .046 +(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.546 F +(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 285.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +302.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 266.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 278.4 Q F2 +108 314.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 326.4 Q F2 (n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 295.2 Q([)144 312 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 328.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .175 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 343.2 Q([)144 360 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 376.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .174 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 340.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8 -R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 +108 388.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 +(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .084(ing on \214le descriptor)108 400.8 +R F2(n)2.944 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0 -.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F -(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 364.8 Q +.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .083(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F +(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 412.8 Q (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 381.6 Q([)144 398.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C -.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 427.2 R -.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 -(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 429.6 Q([)144 446.4 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 +(If the redirection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C +.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 475.2 R +.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 +(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) +5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 487.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +499.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 480 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .455 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 492 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 +516 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 528 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .454 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 540 R F2(n)3.315 E F0 2.955(,o).24 G 2.955(rt)-2.955 G .455 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.314 E F0 -.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108 -504 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 566.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F2(n)3.315 E F0 +.455(is not speci\214ed.)3.195 F(If)5.455 E(the \214le does not e)108 +552 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 602.4 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 614.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -578.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 595.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +626.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 643.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 612 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 624 Q F1(>&)144 636 Q F2(wor) -A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 652.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 660 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 672 Q F1(>&)144 684 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 700.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor) -2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q -F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(30)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 717.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(30)198.165 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or) --.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ -utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\ -scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e) -108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E -F0(.).77 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .114 +(When using the second form,)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.614 +E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td) +-2.614 G .115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 +96 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(This construct allo)108 124.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) +-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 +136.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 -124.8 Q F1(&>>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(This is semantically equi)108 158.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(>>)144 175.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 -192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ -ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +153.6 Q F2(&>>)144 170.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 +(This is semantically equi)108 187.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 +(>>)144 204 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 +220.8 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E +F2(Her)87 237.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\ +irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\ +l a line containing only)108 249.6 R F1(delimiter)108.35 261.6 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(]) -A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 -319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 273.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E +F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 290.4 Q([)144 307.2 Q F1(n)A F0(]) +A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 319.2 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 331.2 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 +348 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108 -331.2 R F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 --.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 -(is quoted, the)3.651 F F2(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 +360 R F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681 +-.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381 +(is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381 (is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n) --2.881 E F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 1.194 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195 -(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\<newline>) -2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 -(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) -C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ - the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5(.T).73 -G(his allo)-5 E +-2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 372 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 1.195 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 384 R 1.194 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.194 +(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 396 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 +E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 +(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +(If the redirection operator is)108 412.8 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 424.8 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5 +(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q -F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S -1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 441.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 +2.5(Av)108 453.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) +144 470.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 487.2 Q +F1(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 499.2 S +1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 -(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 -(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .375(wline appended\ +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 511.2 R .374(wline appended\ , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) -108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E -F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator) -108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 +108 523.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E +F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 540 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 +552 Q([)144 568.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 585.6 R(If)5.127 E +F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -568.8 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G -2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) -2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0 -2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 -(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) -2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q -(The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .443 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R -(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F2(wor)3.406 -E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \ -a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)3.543 -E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F1<ad>3.203 E F0 -3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F2(n)3.563 E F0 .703 -(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F2(n)3.204 E F0 -.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F2(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E -.966(not e)108 679.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> -3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 +597.6 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 609.6 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) +2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.649 E +F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) +2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 621.6 Q +(The operator)108 638.4 Q([)144 655.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 672 R(If) +5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F .565 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 684 R .565(If the digits in)5.565 F F1(wor)3.406 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, a\ + redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.204(curs. If)108 696 R F1(wor)3.544 E +(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.974 G .704(luates to).25 F F2<ad>3.204 E F0 +3.204<2c8c>C .704(le descriptor)-3.204 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703 +(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.203 E F0 +.703(is omitted, and)3.203 F F1(wor)3.203 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.203 E +.965(not e)108 708 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad> +3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(31)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-3.466 F(pre)108 720 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(31)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4068,19 +4078,19 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) 108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 -(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517 -(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F2(digit)3.017 E F0 .517 -(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F2(n)3.377 E F0 3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt) --3.017 G .518(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F2 -(n)3.018 E F0 .518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 +(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518 +(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F2(digit)3.018 E F0 .518 +(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F2(n)3.378 E F0 3.018(,o).24 G 3.018(rt) +-3.018 G .517(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F2 +(n)3.017 E F0 .517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A (Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) 144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 192 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F2 -(digit)2.768 E F0 .268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F2(n)3.128 E F0 -2.768(,o).24 G 2.768(rt)-2.768 G .267 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F F2(n)2.767 E F0 -.267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F2 +(digit)2.767 E F0 .267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F2(n)3.127 E F0 +2.767(,o).24 G 2.767(rt)-2.767 G .268 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F F2(n)2.768 E F0 +.268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -4090,99 +4100,99 @@ A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 <6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E (xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q -F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674 -(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674 +(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 403.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne) --3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .528(to recursi)108 403.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .528(ly e).15 F .528(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.028(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.028 F .529 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.299 E F0 3.029(,t).67 G .529(hen the ne) +-3.029 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 -(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .741 +(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .742 (There is no mechanism for using ar)108 448.8 R .741 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 3.241(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)3.241 E -.742(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 460.8 Q -F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .283(Aliases are not e)108 -477.6 R .283(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F1(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0 -.282(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +.741(guments are needed, use a shell)-.18 F(function \(see)108 460.8 Q +F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .282(Aliases are not e)108 +477.6 R .282(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.782(,u).15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F1(expand_aliases)2.783 E F0 +.283(shell option is set us-)2.783 F(ing)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -506.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .67 +506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67 (one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 518.4 R 3.17(eu) -.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E -1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 530.4 R 1.059 -(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F -.075(when it is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15 +1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 530.4 R 1.059 +(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F +.074(when it is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\ -and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 554.4 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G -.337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 -(The commands follo)5.337 F .338 -(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108 +and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 554.4 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G +.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337 +(The commands follo)5.337 F .337 +(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .551(not af)108 566.4 R .551(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.051(wa)-.25 G 3.051(lias. This) -3.051 F(beha)3.051 E .551(vior is also an issue when functions are e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .551(are e)3.051 F(x-) --.15 E .425(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ -unction is e)108 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 -(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .404(is itself a command.) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.051(cuted. Aliases).15 F .552(are e)3.052 F(x-) +-.15 E .426(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\ +unction is e)108 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .425 +(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .403(is itself a command.) 108 590.4 R .403 -(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F --.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) +(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.403 F +-.25(va)-.2 G .404(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e) 108 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.362(cuted. T).15 F 3.362(ob)-.8 G 3.362(es) -3.362 G .862(afe, al)-3.362 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .862 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F1 (alias)3.362 E F0 .862(in com-)3.362 F(pound commands.)108 614.4 Q -.15 (Fo)108 631.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 648 Q F0 3.468(As)108 660 S .968 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 648 Q F0 3.467(As)108 660 S .967 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 672 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 672 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 -(shell; no ne)108 696 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 +(shell; no ne)108 696 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 +F .639(function is e)108 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E 1.658(The special parameter)108 720 -R F1(#)4.158 E F0 1.659(is updated to re\215ect the change.)4.158 F -1.659(Special parameter)6.659 F F1(0)4.159 E F0 1.659(is unchanged.) -4.159 F 1.659(The \214rst)6.659 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(32)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E 1.659(The special parameter)108 720 +R F1(#)4.159 E F0 1.659(is updated to re\215ect the change.)4.159 F +1.659(Special parameter)6.659 F F1(0)4.159 E F0 1.658(is unchanged.) +4.158 F 1.658(The \214rst)6.658 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29) +149.005 E(32)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4194,20 +4204,20 @@ BP -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 100.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 112.8 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.714 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.464 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 124.8 S(IL) -.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 112.8 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.715 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 124.8 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 136.8 R F1(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 136.8 R F1(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 148.8 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 148.8 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 160.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 (shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 177.6 S .368 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) @@ -4218,112 +4228,112 @@ F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 160.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -.55 G 2.88(fav)-5.38 G .38(ariable is declared)-3.13 F F2(local)2.88 E F0(,)A(the v)108 201.6 Q(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G(isible scope is \ restricted to that function and its children \(including the functions \ -it calls\).)-2.5 E .726(In the follo)108 218.4 R .726 -(wing description, the)-.25 F F3(curr)3.226 E .726(ent scope)-.37 F F0 -.727(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .727(cuting function.).15 -F(Pre)5.727 E .727(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.004(of that function') -108 230.4 R 3.504(sc)-.55 G 1.004 +it calls\).)-2.5 E .727(In the follo)108 218.4 R .727 +(wing description, the)-.25 F F3(curr)3.227 E .727(ent scope)-.37 F F0 +.726(is a currently- e)3.226 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .726(cuting function.).15 +F(Pre)5.726 E .726(vious scopes consist)-.25 F 1.003(of that function') +108 230.4 R 3.503(sc)-.55 G 1.004 (aller and so on, back to the "global" scope, where the shell is not e) --3.504 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.003(cuting an).15 F 3.503(ys)-.15 G(hell) --3.503 E 3.409(function. Consequently)108 242.4 R 3.409(,al)-.65 G .909 -(ocal v)-3.409 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .91 -(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F2(local)3.41 E F0(or)3.41 E F2(de-) -3.41 E(clar)108 254.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +-3.503 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.004(cuting an).15 F 3.504(ys)-.15 G(hell) +-3.504 E 3.41(function. Consequently)108 242.4 R 3.41(,al)-.65 G .91 +(ocal v)-3.41 F .909(ariable at the current scope is a v)-.25 F .909 +(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F2(local)3.409 E F0(or)3.409 E F2 +(de-)3.409 E(clar)108 254.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins in the function that is currently e).2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.) -.15 E .636(Local v)108 271.2 R .636(ariables "shado)-.25 F .636(w" v) --.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .635 -(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.635 G 3.135(ri).15 G .635 -(nstance, a local)-3.135 F -.25(va)108 283.2 S .58 -(riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .581 -(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .183 -(to the local v)108 295.2 R .183(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183 -(ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .182 +.15 E .635(Local v)108 271.2 R .635(ariables "shado)-.25 F .635(w" v) +-.25 F .635(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .636 +(vious scopes.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.636 G 3.136(ri).15 G .636 +(nstance, a local)-3.136 F -.25(va)108 283.2 S .581 +(riable declared in a function hides a global v).25 F .58 +(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer)-.25 F .182 +(to the local v)108 295.2 R .182(ariable, lea)-.25 F .183 +(ving the global v)-.2 F .183(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .183 (When the function returns, the global v)5.183 F(ariable)-.25 E -(is once ag)108 307.2 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .726(The shell uses)108 324 -R F3 .726(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F -(ariable')-.25 E 3.227(sv)-.55 G .727(isibility within functions.)-3.227 -F -.4(Wi)5.727 G .727(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 336 R -.008(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 +(is once ag)108 307.2 Q(ain visible.)-.05 E .727(The shell uses)108 324 +R F3 .727(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F +(ariable')-.25 E 3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 +F -.4(Wi)5.726 G .726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 336 R +.007(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 (alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.) -108 348 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 -(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814 -(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 360 Q -2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) +108 348 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 360 Q +2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 (hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 -F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) 108 372 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E (alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 -388.8 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F3(func1) -2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F3(func1)2.724 E F0 .224 -(calls another function)2.724 F F3(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464 -(references to)108 400.8 R F3(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964 -F F3(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot) --2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.963 E F0(from) -2.963 E F3(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F +388.8 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F3(func1) +2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F3(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 +(calls another function)2.723 F F3(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 +(references to)108 400.8 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 +F F3(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) +-2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from) +2.964 E F3(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F (y)-.15 E(global v)108 412.8 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The)108 429.6 Q F2(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482 -(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483 -(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19 +(The)108 429.6 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 (will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 441.6 R .19 (ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 (alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) --5.19 E 3.324(av)108 453.6 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\ +-5.19 E 3.325(av)108 453.6 S .824(ariable at the current local scope is\ unset, it will remain so \(appearing as unset\) until it is reset in t\ -hat)-3.574 F 1.142(scope or until the function returns.)108 465.6 R +hat)-3.575 F 1.141(scope or until the function returns.)108 465.6 R 1.141(Once the function returns, an)6.141 F 3.641(yi)-.15 G 1.141 -(nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.141(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.976(scope will become visible.)108 477.6 R .976 -(If the unset acts on a v)5.976 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .977 -(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.477(yi)-.15 G .977(nstance of a v)-3.477 F -(ariable)-.25 E .008(with that name that had been shado)108 489.6 R .007 -(wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.507(wh)-.25 G .507 -.25 -(ow t)-2.507 H(he).25 E F2(localv)2.507 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .007 -(shell option)2.507 F(changes this beha)108 501.6 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The) -108 518.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 +(nstance of the v)-3.641 F 1.142(ariable at a pre)-.25 F(vious)-.25 E +.977(scope will become visible.)108 477.6 R .976 +(If the unset acts on a v)5.977 F .976(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .976 +(vious scope, an)-.25 F 3.476(yi)-.15 G .976(nstance of a v)-3.476 F +(ariable)-.25 E .007(with that name that had been shado)108 489.6 R .008 +(wed will become visible \(see belo)-.25 F 2.508(wh)-.25 G .508 -.25 +(ow t)-2.508 H(he).25 E F2(localv)2.508 E(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .008 +(shell option)2.508 F(changes this beha)108 501.6 Q(vior\).)-.2 E(The) +108 518.4 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .044(If the b)108 547.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .043(If the b)108 547.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 559.2 R 1.011 +.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 559.2 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 -(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 571.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 571.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 583.2 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 600 R F2 <ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 612 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.046(\214le and line number)108 624 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G +.047(\214le and line number)108 624 R 2.546(,i)-.4 G 2.546(ft)-2.546 G (he)-2.546 E F2(extdeb)2.546 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .046 (shell option is enabled\).)2.546 F .046(Functions may be e)5.046 F .046 -(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .493 +(xported so that child shell)-.15 F .492 (processes \(those created when e)108 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 (cuting a separate shell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .492 -(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .792 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .492 -(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 648 Q F2<ad66>3.2 E F0 .7 -(option to the)3.2 F F2(export)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G 3.2(iltin. A).2 F -.701(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.2 F F2<ad66>3.201 -E F0 .701(option to the)3.201 F F2(unset)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)108 660 S -(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)108 676.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(cation\) automatically ha).2 F .793 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .493 +(hem de\214ned with).15 F(the)108 648 Q F2<ad66>3.201 E F0 .701 +(option to the)3.201 F F2(export)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 G 3.201 +(iltin. A).2 F .7(function de\214nition may be deleted using the)3.201 F +F2<ad66>3.2 E F0 .7(option to the)3.2 F F2(unset)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)108 660 +S(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi)108 676.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 -(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .322 +(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F .323 (stack and restrict the number of function in)108 688.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.822(cations. By).2 F(def)2.822 E .322 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of re-)-.1 F(cursi)108 700.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(33)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29) +149.005 E(33)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4331,22 +4341,22 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 84 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G -(ION)1.04 E F0 1.089(The shell allo)108 96 R 1.089(ws arithmetic e)-.25 +(ION)1.04 E F0 1.088(The shell allo)108 96 R 1.088(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 1.089(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.089 (luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(let)3.588 E F0(and)3.588 E F2(de-)3.588 E(clar)108 108 Q(e)-.18 E F0 --.2(bu)3.452 G .952(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.452 E F0 .952 +SF(let)3.589 E F0(and)3.589 E F2(de-)3.589 E(clar)108 108 Q(e)-.18 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.453 G .953(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()3.453 E F0 .952 (compound command, and)3.452 F F2 .952(Arithmetic Expansion)3.452 F F0 -3.453(\). Ev)B .953(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 120 Q 1.058 +3.452(\). Ev)B .952(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 120 Q 1.057 (ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 (The operators and their precedence, associati)108 132 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 144 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) -5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F +(lo)108 144 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)5.44 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F (of decreasing precedence.)108 156 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 172.8 Q F2(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F2<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 184.8 S (riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 196.8 S @@ -4371,91 +4381,91 @@ F0(bitwise e)144 340.8 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) (Shell v)108 465.6 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 477.6 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 477.6 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) -.25 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .165(pansion syntax.).15 F 2.665(As)5.165 G .165(hell v)-2.665 F .165(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .165(luates to 0 when referenced by name without us-).25 F -.421(ing the parameter e)108 501.6 R .421(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .421 -(The v)5.421 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G .42(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .42(xpression when)-.15 F -.153(it is referenced, or when a v)108 513.6 R .154 +.42(ing the parameter e)108 501.6 R .42(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F .42 +(The v)5.42 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F +.154(it is referenced, or when a v)108 513.6 R .154 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he) --2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .154 -(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.654 E 2.654<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.654 E F0 .154 -(is assigned a)2.654 F -.25(va)108 525.6 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 +-2.654 E F3(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.654 E .153 +(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)2.653 E 2.653<65ad>-.18 G(i)-2.653 E F0 .153 +(is assigned a)2.653 F -.25(va)108 525.6 S 2.857(lue. A).25 F .357 (null v)2.857 F .357(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .357(luates to 0.).25 F 2.857(As)5.357 G .357(hell v)-2.857 F .357(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .657 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.857 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 (attrib)2.857 E .357(ute turned on to be used)-.2 F(in an e)108 537.6 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 554.4 Q .517(ger constants follo)-.15 F -3.017(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.017 F -<8c78>-.25 E .518(es or character constants.)-.15 F .518(Constants with) -5.518 F 3.283(al)108 566.4 S .783 -(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.283 F 3.282(Al)5.783 G -.782(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.282 F 3.282(xadecimal. Otherwise,) --.15 F(num-)3.282 E .815(bers tak)108 578.4 R 3.315(et)-.1 G .815 -(he form [)-3.315 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) -3.315 E F0 .816(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 -F .35(the arithmetic base, and)108 590.4 R F3(n)2.85 E F0 .35 -(is a number in that base.)2.85 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.849 E F0 .349 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.849 F .349(When speci-)5.349 F -(fying)108 602.4 Q F3(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,i)C 2.974(fan)-2.974 G .474(o\ -n-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the l\ -o)-2.974 F .475(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 +(xpression.)-.15 E(Inte)108 554.4 Q .518(ger constants follo)-.15 F +3.018(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F +<8c78>-.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with) +5.517 F 3.282(al)108 566.4 S .782 +(eading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)-3.282 F 3.283(Al)5.782 G +.783(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.283 F 3.283(xadecimal. Otherwise,) +-.15 F(num-)3.283 E .816(bers tak)108 578.4 R 3.316(et)-.1 G .816 +(he form [)-3.316 F F3(base#)A F0 .815(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) +3.315 E F0 .815(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing)3.315 +F .349(the arithmetic base, and)108 590.4 R F3(n)2.849 E F0 .349 +(is a number in that base.)2.849 F(If)5.35 E F3(base#)2.85 E F0 .35 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.85 F .35(When speci-)5.35 F(fying) +108 602.4 Q F3(n)2.975 E F0 2.975(,i)C 2.975(fan)-2.975 G .474(on-digit\ + is required, the digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-2.975 +F .474(wercase letters, the up-)-.25 F .518 (percase letters, @, and _, in that order)108 614.4 R 5.518(.I)-.55 G(f) -5.518 E F3(base)3.018 E F0 .518(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.018 F .518(wercase and uppercase letters)-.25 F (may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 -626.4 Q .234(Operators are e)108 643.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +626.4 Q .235(Operators are e)108 643.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 655.2 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1 -(CONDITION)72 672 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256(Conditional e)108 684 -R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255 +(CONDITION)72 672 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255(Conditional e)108 684 +R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)2.755 E F0 .255 (compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2([) -2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F .133 -(\214le attrib)108 696 R .133 +2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .134 +(\214le attrib)108 696 R .134 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F(The)5.133 E -F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.634 E F0 .134 -(commands determine their be-)2.634 F(ha)108 708 Q .198 -(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .197 -(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.697(yo) --.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 720 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(34)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +F2(test)2.633 E F0(and)2.633 E F2([)2.633 E F0 .133 +(commands determine their be-)2.633 F(ha)108 708 Q .197 +(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198 +(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo) +-.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 720 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(34)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .234 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .235 (Expressions are formed from the follo)108 84 R .234 (wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.234 -E F0 .235(handles se)2.735 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .235(ral \214lenames spe-) -.15 F .425(cially when the)108 96 R 2.925(ya)-.15 G .425(re used in e) --2.925 F 2.925(xpressions. 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1.096(When used with)108 190.8 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 +E F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 +E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 202.8 Q F1<ad61>108 226.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 226.8 S (ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 238.8 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 238.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 @@ -4512,10 +4522,10 @@ E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 538.8 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2) 2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 550.8 Q -F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 562.8 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 +F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 562.8 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is 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In)-.4 F .587(the case of)3.087 F .371(such a command \ +3.086(vironment. In)-.4 F .586(the case of)3.086 F .371(such a command \ \(one that consists only of assignment statements and redirections\), a\ ssignment statements)108 480 R .835(are performed before redirections.) 108 492 R .835(Otherwise, the v)5.835 F .835 (ariables are added to the en)-.25 F .835(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .839(command and do not af)108 504 R .838 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .838(command and do not af)108 504 R .838 (fect the current shell en)-.25 F 3.338(vironment. If)-.4 F(an)3.338 E -3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G .838 +3.338(yo)-.15 G 3.338(ft)-3.338 G .839 (he assignments attempts to assign a)-3.338 F -.25(va)108 516 S (lue to a readonly v).25 E(ariable, an error occurs, and the command e) --.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 +-.25 E(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 (If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 532.8 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 (vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 544.8 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 (If there is a command name left after e)108 561.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 -573.6 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 585.6 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 +573.6 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 585.6 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 597.6 Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 614.4 Q F0 -.546(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .547 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 626.4 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 638.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ @@ -4625,90 +4635,90 @@ mpts to locate it.)108 655.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 679.2 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 696 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 -(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 708 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.162 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 696 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 708 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 720 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(36)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(36)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .719 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .72 (search of the directories in)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA) -3.219 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .72 -(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.969 -F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ +3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 +(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F +.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ a de\214ned shell function named)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(command_not_f)3.455 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 108 Q F0 6.005(.I)C -3.505(ft)-6.005 G 1.005(hat function e)-3.505 F 1.005(xists, it is in) --.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.006 -(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.006(cution en).15 F 1.006 -(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .256 -(and the original command')108 120 R 2.756(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.756 G -.256(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.755 -(se)-.55 G .255(xit status becomes the e)-2.905 F .255(xit sta-)-.15 F +(command_not_f)3.456 E(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 108 Q F0 6.006(.I)C +3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in) +-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005 +(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 +(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 +(and the original command')108 120 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G +.255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 +(se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F .263(tus of that subshell.)108 132 R .263(If that function is not de\ \214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 (xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 144 Q 1.089(If the search is successfu\ l, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 -160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197 -(named program in a separate e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 +(named program in a separate e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 (cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. 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Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) -.4 E(ment cannot af)108 132 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 -(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -148.8 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +148.8 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent) -3.877 F 2.5(shell. When)108 160.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent) +3.876 F 2.5(shell. When)108 160.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (posix mode)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E -F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 177.6 -R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) -2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 -189.6 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C .197 -(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G .198 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 F +F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 177.6 +R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) +2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 +(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 +189.6 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 +(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 +(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F (as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 201.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 218.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.344(When a program is in)108 230.4 +(ENVIR)72 218.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.343(When a program is in)108 230.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.843(di).1 G 4.843(ti)-4.843 G 4.843(sg) -4.843 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.843 H 4.843(na).25 G 4.843(na)-4.843 G 2.343 (rray of strings called the)-4.843 F F2(en)5.033 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.343(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 242.4 Q +E F0 7.343(.T).68 G 2.344(his is a list of)-7.343 F F2(name)108 242.4 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E .438(The shell pro)108 259.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F +(value)A F0(.).18 E .439(The shell pro)108 259.2 R .438(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438(ral w).15 F .438(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 2.938(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)2.938 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .438 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .439(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F .438(wn en-)-.25 F .709(vironment a\ nd creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking it fo\ -r)108 271.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.208 G(port).2 E F0 .708(to child pro-)3.888 F -2.703(cesses. Ex)108 283.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +r)108 271.2 R F2 -.2(ex)3.209 G(port).2 E F0 .709(to child pro-)3.889 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 283.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E .332 +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E .332 (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 295.2 R 2.832(vironment. If)-.4 F .332(the v)2.832 F .332 -(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .131 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 307.2 R 2.631(wv)-.25 G .131 -(alue becomes part of the en)-2.881 F .132 -(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .132(The en)5.132 F(vironment)-.4 E -.321(inherited by an)108 319.2 R 2.821(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.971 G .321 +(alue of a parameter in the en-)-.25 F .132 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)108 307.2 R 2.632(wv)-.25 G .131 +(alue becomes part of the en)-2.882 F .131 +(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .131(The en)5.131 F(vironment)-.4 E +.32(inherited by an)108 319.2 R 2.82(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.97 G .321 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 2.821(si)-.55 G .321 -(nitial en)-2.821 F .32(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .32(alues may be modi-) --.25 F .533(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 331.2 R 3.033(yp)-.15 G -.534(airs remo)-3.033 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G 3.034(yt)-3.034 G -(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an)3.034 F 3.034(ya) --.15 G .534(dditions via the)-3.034 F F1(export)3.034 E F0(and)3.034 E -F1(de-)3.034 E(clar)108 343.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.) -2.5 E .563(The en)108 360 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563 -(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 +(nitial en)-2.821 F .321(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .321 +(alues may be modi-)-.25 F .534(\214ed in the shell, less an)108 331.2 R +3.034(yp)-.15 G .534(airs remo)-3.034 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.034(db).15 G +3.034(yt)-3.034 G(he)-3.034 E F1(unset)3.034 E F0 .534(command, plus an) +3.034 F 3.033(ya)-.15 G .533(dditions via the)-3.033 F F1(export)3.033 E +F0(and)3.033 E F1(de-)3.033 E(clar)108 343.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E +F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 360 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y) +-.15 E F2 .562(simple command)3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 372 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 372 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 384 Q(vironment seen by that command.) +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 384 Q(vironment seen by that command.) -.4 E .81(If the)108 400.8 R F1<ad6b>3.31 E F0 .81 (option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 (iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81 (parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 412.8 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 429.6 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) --3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 +-.4 E(When)108 429.6 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) +-3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F (passed to that command in its en)108 441.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 -(EXIT ST)72 458.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 470.4 R -.151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 -(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 -(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 -(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 482.4 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F -.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 494.4 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G -.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 +(EXIT ST)72 458.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 470.4 R +.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) +.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 +(tion. Exit)108 482.4 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 +(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 494.4 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 506.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 523.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 -(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 535.2 R 2.549(An) -5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 547.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +(Fo)108 523.2 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 +(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 535.2 R 2.548(An) +5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 547.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 564 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 576 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 576 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 592.8 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 609.6 R .081 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 609.6 R .08 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 621.6 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F --.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) +-2.581 F(the)108 621.6 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 +(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 633.6 Q(guments.)-.18 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 633.6 Q(guments.)-.18 E(The e)108 650.4 Q(xit status of the last command is a)-.15 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable in the special parameter $?.).25 E F1(Bash)108 667.2 Q F0 -.202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202(xit status of the last command e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +.201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202(xit status of the last command e) +-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 679.2 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3 -(SIGN)72 696 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 708 Q F1(bash)2.502 E F0 .002 +(SIGN)72 696 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 708 Q F1(bash)2.503 E F0 .002 (is interacti)2.502 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.502(,i).15 G 2.502(nt)-2.502 G .002(he absence of an)-2.502 F 2.502(yt)-.15 G .002(raps, it ignores) -2.502 F F4(SIGTERM)2.502 E F0 .002(\(so that)2.252 F F1 .002(kill 0) -2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 720 Q 1.216 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .916(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.416 E F0 .915 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.166 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.415 G .915(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .915(In all cases,)5.915 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(38)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +2.502 F F0 .002(does not kill an in-)2.502 F(teracti)108 720 Q 1.215 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .915(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)3.415 E F0 .915 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)3.165 F F1(wait)3.415 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.416 G .916(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .916(In all cases,)5.916 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(38)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4884,150 +4894,150 @@ SF(bash)108 84 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT) -.09 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,) -.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F2(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2(SIGTT) 2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0(Non-b) -108 100.8 Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha) -3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F -1.065(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When) -108 112.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F2(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) -2.997 E F2(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +108 100.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha) +3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F +1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) +108 112.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F2(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F2(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 124.8 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 136.8 Q F2 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F3(,)A F2(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 153.6 R 2.046 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 153.6 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F2(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F3(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F2(SIGHUP)108 165.6 Q F0 -1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F2(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 -(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F2(SIGHUP)108 177.6 Q F3(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 -H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ -particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G -.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 189.6 R F1(diso) -3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F2 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E -1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 +F3(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F2(SIGHUP)108 165.6 Q F0 +1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F2(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 +(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F2(SIGHUP)108 177.6 Q F3(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ + to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 189.6 R F1(diso) +3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F2 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 (SIGHUP)108 201.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 218.4 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F2(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -230.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 247.2 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F +230.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 247.2 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .326 -(via the)108 271.2 R F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .327(iltin, the \ +F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .327 +(via the)108 271.2 R F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin, the \ reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F -F1(wait)2.827 E F0 -.2(bu)2.827 G .327(iltin to re-).2 F +F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F (turn immediately with an e)108 283.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .499(When job control is not enabled, and) +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .498(When job control is not enabled, and) 108 300 R F1(bash)2.998 E F0 .498(is w)2.998 F .498(aiting for a fore) --.1 F .498(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 312 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.605(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.705 G .105 +-.1 F .499(ground command to complete, the shell re-)-.15 F(cei)108 312 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.606(sk).15 G -.15(ey)-2.706 G .105 (board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIGINT)2.605 E F0 .105 (\(usually generated by)2.355 F F1(^C)2.605 E F0 2.605(\)t)C .105 -(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .424(send to that command.)108 +(hat users commonly intend to)-2.605 F .423(send to that command.)108 324 R .424(This happens because the shell and the command are in the sa\ me process group as)5.424 F(the terminal, and)108 336 Q F1(^C)2.5 E F0 (sends)2.5 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(to all processes in that process group.) -2.25 E(When)108 352.8 Q F1(bash)3.8 E F0 1.3 +2.25 E(When)108 352.8 Q F1(bash)3.801 E F0 1.3 (is running without job control enabled and recei)3.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G (s).15 E F2(SIGINT)3.8 E F0 1.3(while w)3.55 F 1.3(aiting for a fore)-.1 -F(ground)-.15 E .81(command, it w)108 364.8 R .81(aits until that fore) --.1 F .81 +F(ground)-.15 E .809(command, it w)108 364.8 R .809 +(aits until that fore)-.1 F .81 (ground command terminates and then decides what to do about the)-.15 F -F2(SIG-)3.309 E(INT)108 376.8 Q F3(:)A F0(1.)108 393.6 Q .002 -(If the command terminates due to the)144 393.6 R F2(SIGINT)2.502 E F3 -(,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .003 +F2(SIG-)3.31 E(INT)108 376.8 Q F3(:)A F0(1.)108 393.6 Q .003 +(If the command terminates due to the)144 393.6 R F2(SIGINT)2.503 E F3 +(,)A F1(bash)2.252 E F0 .002 (concludes that the user meant to end the entire)2.502 F (script, and acts on the)144 405.6 Q F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., by running a)2.25 E F2(SIGINT)2.5 E F0(trap or e)2.25 E -(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 422.4 Q .289 +(xiting itself\);)-.15 E(2.)108 422.4 Q .288 (If the command does not terminate due to)144 422.4 R F2(SIGINT)2.788 E -F3(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.788 E F0 .288 -(itself and did)2.538 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 434.4 R .728 +F3(,)A F0 .288(the program handled the)2.538 F F2(SIGINT)2.789 E F0 .289 +(itself and did)2.539 F .728(not treat it as a f)144 434.4 R .728 (atal signal.)-.1 F .728(In that case,)5.728 F F1(bash)3.228 E F0 .728 (does not treat)3.228 F F2(SIGINT)3.228 E F0 .728(as a f)2.978 F .728 -(atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.229(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.229 E .772 -(stead assuming that the)144 446.4 R F2(SIGINT)3.272 E F0 -.1(wa)3.022 G -3.272(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.272 F 3.271(sn)-.55 G -.771(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.271 F .409 +(atal signal, either)-.1 F 3.228(,i)-.4 G(n-)-3.228 E .771 +(stead assuming that the)144 446.4 R F2(SIGINT)3.271 E F0 -.1(wa)3.021 G +3.271(su).1 G .771(sed as part of the program')-3.271 F 3.272(sn)-.55 G +.772(ormal operation \(e.g., emacs)-3.272 F .41 (uses it to abort editing commands\) or deliberately discarded.)144 458.4 R(Ho)5.409 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F1(bash)3.309 E -F0 .41(will run an)2.91 F 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(rap set)-2.91 F(on)144 -470.4 Q F2(SIGINT)3.789 E F3(,)A F0 1.289(as it does with an)3.539 F -3.789(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.789 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.788(sw).15 G 1.288(hile it is w)-3.788 F 1.288(aiting for the fore-) +F0 .409(will run an)2.909 F 2.909(yt)-.15 G .409(rap set)-2.909 F(on)144 +470.4 Q F2(SIGINT)3.788 E F3(,)A F0 1.288(as it does with an)3.538 F +3.788(yo)-.15 G 1.288(ther trapped signal it recei)-3.788 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.789(sw).15 G 1.289(hile it is w)-3.789 F 1.289(aiting for the fore-) -.1 F(ground command to complete, for compatibility)144 482.4 Q(.)-.65 E /F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 499.2 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 511.2 S 3.368(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol) --.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 511.2 S 3.369(bc).25 G(ontr)-3.369 E(ol) +-.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)3.879 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C .868(he e)-3.368 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37 -(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 523.2 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 -(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164 +(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 523.2 Q F0 2.664(\)t)C .164(heir e)-2.664 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .164(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165 +(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .165 +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .465 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .165 (ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 535.2 Q (ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 -G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 552 R -F5(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F -.785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 564 R F1(jobs) -2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 576 Q +G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 552 R +F5(job)5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F +.784(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .324(listed with the)108 564 R F1(jobs) +2.824 E F0 2.824(command. When)2.824 F F1(bash)2.825 E F0 .325 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.095 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .325(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 576 Q (e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 592.8 Q .241(indicating that this job is job nu\ mber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline asso\ -ciated)108 609.6 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 621.6 R .732 +ciated)108 609.6 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 621.6 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 633.6 Q F5(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8 +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 633.6 Q F5(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.982 -.8 (To f)108 650.4 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) .7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1 -F 1.538(tion of a)108 662.4 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37 -F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537 +F 1.537(tion of a)108 662.4 R F5(curr)4.037 E 1.537(ent terminal pr)-.37 +F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.538 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 674.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 686.4 Q -F3(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for) +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 686.4 Q +F3(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.715 F F5(for) 5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.215(processes are those whose process)4.485 -F .145(group ID dif)108 698.4 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.216(processes are those whose process)4.485 +F .146(group ID dif)108 698.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 (ground processes are allo)108 710.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 722.4 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(39)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 722.4 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(39)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .718 -(terminal are sent a)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT) -3.218 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217 -(st)-.55 G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H -.717(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 96 Q 1.087 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .717 +(terminal are sent a)108 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT) +3.217 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218 +(st)-.55 G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H +.718(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 96 Q 1.088 (If the operating system on which)108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash) -3.588 E F0 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 -(Ty)108 124.8 S .302(ping the).8 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.142 -E F0 .302(character \(typically)3.572 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash) +3.587 E F0 1.087(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8 +(Ty)108 124.8 S .301(ping the).8 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.141 +E F0 .301(character \(typically)3.571 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 136.8 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 136.8 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F2(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 148.8 R(to)108 160.8 Q F2(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F @@ -5035,13 +5045,13 @@ F2(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17 (background, the)108 172.8 R F2(fg)2.67 E F0 .17 (command to continue it in the fore)2.67 F .17(ground, or the)-.15 F F2 (kill)2.67 E F0 .17(command to kill it.)2.67 F(A)5.17 E F2(^Z)2.67 E F0 -(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 184.8 R 3.918 -(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.918 F 1.418 +(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.419(fect immediately)108 184.8 R 3.919 +(,a)-.65 G 1.418(nd has the additional side ef)-3.919 F 1.418 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) 108 196.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 213.6 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2 (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 225.6 -Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F3(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F3(n)3.818 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) @@ -5056,83 +5066,83 @@ E F0 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 261.6 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing) (in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306 (substring matches more than one job,)108 273.6 R F2(bash)2.806 E F0 .306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F -F2(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F0 .307(refer to the shell') -2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 285.6 R F3(curr)2.833 E .133 +F2(%%)2.806 E F0(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F0 .306(refer to the shell') +2.806 F(s)-.55 E .132(notion of the)108 285.6 R F3(curr)2.832 E .133 (ent job)-.37 F F0 2.633(,w).23 G .133 (hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore) --.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108 -297.6 R F3(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F0 .075 -(may be referenced using)2.805 F F2<25ad>2.575 E F0 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft) --5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F2(%+)2.576 E F0(and) -2.576 E F2<25ad>2.576 E F0 .076(can both)2.576 F .317 +-.1 F .133(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.576(ground. The)108 +297.6 R F3(pr)3.826 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .076(ious job).15 F F0 .076 +(may be referenced using)2.806 F F2<25ad>2.576 E F0 5.076(.I)C 2.576(ft) +-5.076 G .075(here is only a single job,)-2.576 F F2(%+)2.575 E F0(and) +2.575 E F2<25ad>2.575 E F0 .075(can both)2.575 F .317 (be used to refer to that job)108 309.6 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317 G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F2 -(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108 +(jobs)2.817 E F0 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .033(job is al)108 321.6 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.533 E F0 2.533 (,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F2<ad>2.533 -E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033 +E F0 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .032 (ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108 -333.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +333.6 Q(.)-.4 E .443 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 350.4 R -(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -362.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F +(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +362.4 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F (equi)108 374.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 391.2 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 403.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G -.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F2<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 415.2 Q F2(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 391.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 403.2 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F2<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 415.2 Q F2(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 +(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F F1(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 .148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 427.2 Q(xits.) --.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 444 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.532 E F0 -.032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G 2.533 -(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F2(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 456 R F2 -(shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003 +-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 444 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.533 E F0 +.033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532 +(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F2(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 1.002(using the)108 456 R F2 +(shopt)3.502 E F0 -.2(bu)3.502 G 1.002 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002 -(option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)3.503 E F0 1.003 +(option is en-)3.503 F .956(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.) 108 468 R(The)5.955 E F2(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a) -5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 480 R .604 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .955(If a) +5.955 F .603(second attempt to e)108 480 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 -(When the shell is w)108 508.8 R .644 -(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.145 E F0 -(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 520.8 R F2 +(and an)108 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .645 +(When the shell is w)108 508.8 R .645 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.144 E F0 +(will)3.144 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 520.8 R F2 <ad66>2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F2(wait)2.782 E F0 .282 (to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F (fore returning.)108 532.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 549.6 Q -(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 -(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.144 E +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 561.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F1(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645 -(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 -(and the secondary prompt)108 573.6 R F1(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F2(Bash)5.427 E -F0(displays)2.927 E F1(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 -(it reads a command b)108 585.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.037(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.538 E -F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 -(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 597.6 R F2<ad78> -3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427 +(and the secondary prompt)108 573.6 R F1(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F2(Bash)5.428 E +F0(displays)2.928 E F1(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038 +(it reads a command b)108 585.6 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.038(cuting it.).15 F F2(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F1(PS4)2.537 E +F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.121(mand when the)108 597.6 R F2<ad78> +3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F2(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) 3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) -.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ as follo)108 609.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 621.6 Q F0 (an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 621.6 Q F2(\\d)144 633.6 Q F0 (the date in "W)180 633.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 645.6 Q F3(format)A F2(})A F0(the)180 -657.6 Q F3(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F3(strftime) -3.926 E F0 1.427 +657.6 Q F3(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F3(strftime) +3.927 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 669.6 Q F3(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E @@ -5141,7 +5151,7 @@ as follo)108 609.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 621.6 Q F0 (the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 693.6 Q(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 705.6 Q F0(the hostname)180 705.6 Q F2(\\j)144 717.6 Q F0 (the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 717.6 Q -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(40)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(40)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5161,8 +5171,8 @@ SF(\\l)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 84 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G 192 Q F0(the v)180 192 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 204 Q F0(the release of)180 204 Q F1 (bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 216 Q F0 .12(the v)180 216 R -.119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 216 Q F0 .119(the v)180 216 +R .119(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)2.619 E F0 .119(shell v)2.619 F .119 (ariable \()-.25 F F1($PWD)A F0 .119(\), with)B/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF ($HOME)2.619 E F0(abbre)2.369 E .119(viated with a tilde \(uses)-.25 F (the v)180 228 Q(alue of the)-.25 E F2(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM) @@ -5179,88 +5189,88 @@ F1(\\\\)144 300 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 300 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 312 Q F0(be)180 312 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F (control sequence into the prompt)180 324 Q F1(\\])144 336 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 336 Q .12 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 336 Q .119 (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 352.8 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 364.8 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 376.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ -osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354 -(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 388.8 R .822 -(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822 -(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,) --.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 400.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F -F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-) -3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 412.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197 -(command under)3.697 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198 -(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(position\ + in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hist\ +ory \214le \(see)108 364.8 R F2(HIST)3.046 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(be-)2.796 E(lo)108 376.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\ +osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .355 +(cuted during the current).15 F .823(shell session.)108 388.8 R .822 +(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.823 F .822 +(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .822(xpansion, command substitution,) +-.15 F .682(arithmetic e)108 400.8 R .682(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.15 G .682(l, subject to the v).25 F .683(alue of the)-.25 F +F1(pr)3.183 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .683(shell option \(see the de-) +3.183 F 1.198(scription of the)108 412.8 R F1(shopt)3.698 E F0 1.198 +(command under)3.698 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.447 E 3.697(w\). This)-.25 F 1.197 +(can ha)3.697 F 1.497 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef) 108 424.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \ command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 436.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -72 453.6 Q F0 .15 +72 453.6 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 465.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 477.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385 -(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F1<ad65>2.884 E F0 .384 -(option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G -2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 489.6 S 1.406 +108 465.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .384(is gi)108 477.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.884(na).15 G 2.884(ts)-2.884 G .384(hell in)-2.884 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 2.884(cation. Line).2 F .384 +(editing is also used when using the)2.884 F F1<ad65>2.885 E F0 .385 +(option to the)2.885 F F1 -.18(re)2.885 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.885 G +2.885(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.885 E -.1(fa)108 489.6 S 1.407 (ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F -3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407 +3.906(Av)6.406 G 1.406(i-style line editing interf)-3.906 F 1.406 (ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 501.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 513.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 513.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E (emacs)108 525.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 542.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) 108 554.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 566.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 578.4 S .831 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0 -3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 -(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 590.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3 -(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 -(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 +1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 566.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) +-.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 578.4 S .83 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 +(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 +(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H +.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 590.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 +.65 E .595(Readline commands may be gi)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F3(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G -.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E -(ho)108 631.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) -.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.596 E +(ho)108 631.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 643.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 643.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 655.2 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 655.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 672 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 672 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 684 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 684 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) -.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 696 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(41)199.835 E 0 Cg +108 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(41)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5271,26 +5281,26 @@ BP SF(Readline Initialization)87 84 Q F0 .091(Readline is customized by pu\ tting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 96 R/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 -F .091(name of this \214le)2.591 F .572(is tak)108 108 R .573 +F .092(name of this \214le)2.591 F .573(is tak)108 108 R .573 (en from the v)-.1 F .573(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (INPUTRC)3.073 E F0 -.25(va)2.823 G 3.073(riable. If).25 F .573(that v) 3.073 F .573(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .573(ault is)-.1 F F2 -(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.573(.I).31 G 3.073(ft)-5.573 G(hat) --3.073 E 3.062(\214le does)108 120 R .562(not e)3.062 F .562 +(~/.inputr)2.573 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.572(.I).31 G 3.072(ft)-5.572 G(hat) +-3.072 E 3.061(\214le does)108 120 R .561(not e)3.061 F .562 (xist or cannot be read, the ultimate def)-.15 F .562(ault is)-.1 F F2 -(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.561(.W).31 G .561 -(hen a program which uses the)-5.561 F .174(readline library starts up,\ - the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 132 R .475 -.15(ey b) --.1 H .175(indings and v).15 F .175(ariables are set.)-.25 F .175 -(There are)5.175 F .239(only a fe)108 144 R 2.739(wb)-.25 G .239 -(asic constructs allo)-2.739 F .239 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .238 -(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .238(Lines be)5.238 F(gin-)-.15 E .553 -(ning with a)108 156 R F1(#)3.053 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.053 F .554 +(/etc/inputr)4.212 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.562(.W).31 G .562 +(hen a program which uses the)-5.562 F .175(readline library starts up,\ + the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 132 R .474 -.15(ey b) +-.1 H .174(indings and v).15 F .174(ariables are set.)-.25 F .174 +(There are)5.174 F .238(only a fe)108 144 R 2.738(wb)-.25 G .238 +(asic constructs allo)-2.738 F .239 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F .239 +(Blank lines are ignored.)5.239 F .239(Lines be)5.239 F(gin-)-.15 E .554 +(ning with a)108 156 R F1(#)3.054 E F0 .554(are comments.)3.054 F .554 (Lines be)5.554 F .554(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.054 E F0 .554 -(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .554(Other lines denote)5.554 +(indicate conditional constructs.)3.054 F .553(Other lines denote)5.553 F -.1(ke)108 168 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) --.25 E .987(The def)108 184.8 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 +-.25 E .986(The def)108 184.8 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987 (-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr)3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987(programs that use this library may) 3.487 F(add their o)108 196.8 Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15 @@ -5300,11 +5310,11 @@ F -.1(ke)108 168 S 2.5(yb)-.05 G(indings and v)-2.5 E(ariable settings.) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 266.4 Q F2(inputr) 2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e) -2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2(univer)2.58 E -(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.01(The follo)108 283.2 R +(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.011(The follo)108 283.2 R 1.011(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 -.4(RU) 3.511 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)4.091 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC)4.021 E -F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)4.211 E F0(,).73 E F2 -(RET)4.141 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108.63 295.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.83 +F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)4.091 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)4.21 E F0(,).73 E F2 +(RET)4.14 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108.63 295.2 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.83 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.83 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (In addition to command names, readline allo)108 312 R .209(ws k)-.25 F @@ -5315,46 +5325,46 @@ F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (The syntax for controlling k)108 352.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 364.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 364.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) -.15 F .263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .138(\214ed in one of tw)108 +.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .139(\214ed in one of tw)108 376.8 R 2.638(ow)-.1 G .138(ays: as a symbolic k)-2.738 F .438 -.15 (ey n)-.1 H .138(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)2.638 E F0(or) 2.638 E F2(Contr)2.638 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)2.638 E .138 -(es, or as a k)-.15 F .439 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 388.8 Q -.161(When using the form)108 405.6 R F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A -F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 E F2(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A -F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 417.6 R(or e) +(es, or as a k)-.15 F .438 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(e-).15 E(quence.)108 388.8 Q +.16(When using the form)108 405.6 R F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A +F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A +F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 417.6 R(or e) -.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 453.6 Q -(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 465.6 Q .698 +(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 465.6 Q .699 (In the abo)108 482.4 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u) 3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve) -.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 494.4 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F2 +(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 506.4 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 523.2 R F1("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 523.2 R F1("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F2(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 (denoting an entire k)108 535.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 547.2 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 547.2 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F (are not recognized.)108 559.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 595.2 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 624 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 624 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 636 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72> +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 636 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G<ad72> .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2(ESC [ 1 1 ~) 3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4(Function Key 1) 2.5 E F0(.)A(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 @@ -5362,7 +5372,7 @@ G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 144 676.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 676.8 Q F1(\\e)144 688.8 Q F0 (an escape character)180 688.8 Q F1(\\\\)144 700.8 Q F0(backslash)180 700.8 Q F1(\\")144 712.8 Q F0(literal ")180 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(42)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(42)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5382,27 +5392,26 @@ F0(delete)180 136.8 Q F1(\\f)144 148.8 Q F0(form feed)180 148.8 Q F1 (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 220.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 220.8 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142 (When entering the te)108 237.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\ - quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09 -(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F -.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089 -(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 + quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089 +(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 +F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09 +(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 261.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G (ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E -F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 -F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +F1(Bash)108 278.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F +.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the) +.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 290.4 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 302.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 331.2 +(Readline V)87 319.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 331.2 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 343.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108 372 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E @@ -5410,72 +5419,72 @@ F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 360 Q F2 (Except where noted, readline v)108 388.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1 (Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) -.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 400.8 R .448 +.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 400.8 R .448 (ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 412.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 +(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 424.8 S(lues are:).25 E F1(acti)108 441.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E -(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.729(As)144 453.6 S .229(tring v) --2.729 F .229(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229 -(xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .23 -(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 465.6 Q 1.527 +(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 2.73(As)144 453.6 S .23(tring v)-2.73 +F .23(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229 +(xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .229 +(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 465.6 Q 1.526 (gion \(see the description of)-.15 F F1(enable\255acti)4.026 E -.1(ve) -.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion)-.18 E F0(belo)4.026 E 4.026(w\). This)-.25 F -1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.026(eu)-.1 G 4.026(pa)-4.026 G -.15 -(ny)-4.026 G(ph)144 477.6 Q .283 -(ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.783(,s)-.65 G 2.784 -(oi)-2.783 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .284 +1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.027(eu)-.1 G 4.027(pa)-4.027 G -.15 +(ny)-4.027 G(ph)144 477.6 Q .284 +(ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.784(,s)-.65 G 2.784 +(oi)-2.784 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .283 (hould consist only of terminal escape sequences.)-2.784 F .45 (It is output to the terminal before displaying the te)144 489.6 R .45 (xt in the acti)-.15 F .75 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.95 -(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .378 -(the def)144 501.6 R .378(ault v)-.1 F .378(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.878(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.878 F .379 -(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .379 -(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .655 +(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .379 +(the def)144 501.6 R .379(ault v)-.1 F .379(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.879(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.879 F .379 +(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .378 +(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .654 (terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 513.6 R -3.154(st)-.55 G .654(erminfo description.)-3.154 F 3.154(As)5.654 G .654 -(ample v)-3.154 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 525.6 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +3.155(st)-.55 G .655(erminfo description.)-3.155 F 3.155(As)5.655 G .655 +(ample v)-3.155 F(alue)-.25 E(might be)144 525.6 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF ("\\e[01;33m")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(acti)108 537.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E -(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E F0 3.908(As)144 549.6 S 1.408(tring v) --3.908 F 1.408(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F +(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E F0 3.909(As)144 549.6 S 1.409(tring v) +-3.909 F 1.408(ariable that "undoes" the ef)-.25 F 1.408(fects of)-.25 F F1(acti)3.908 E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 -1.409(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216 +1.408(and restores "normal")3.908 F .216 (terminal display appearance after displaying te)144 561.6 R .216 (xt in the acti)-.15 F .516 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.716 (ion. This).15 F .216(string must not tak)2.716 F 2.716(eu)-.1 G(p) --2.716 E(an)144 573.6 Q 3.737(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.737 G 1.237 +-2.716 E(an)144 573.6 Q 3.738(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.738 G 1.238 (sical character positions on the display).05 F 3.737(,s)-.65 G 3.737 -(oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.238 -(hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.928(quences. It) -144 585.6 R .428(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.928 -F .427(xt in the acti)-.15 F .727 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.927 -(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.927 G .427(riable is).25 F .518 +(oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.237 +(hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.927(quences. It) +144 585.6 R .427(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.927 +F .428(xt in the acti)-.15 F .728 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.928 +(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.928 G .428(riable is).25 F .519 (reset to the def)144 597.6 R .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.018(rt).15 G .518(he terminal type changes.)-3.018 F .518(The def)5.518 F .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue is the string that)-.25 -F .252(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\ -erminal')144 609.6 R 2.751(st)-.55 G .251(erminfo description.)-2.751 F -(A)5.251 E(sample v)144 621.6 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F4("\\e[0m")2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 633.6 Q F0 .01 +F .251(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\ +erminal')144 609.6 R 2.752(st)-.55 G .252(erminfo description.)-2.752 F +(A)5.252 E(sample v)144 621.6 Q(alue might be)-.25 E F4("\\e[0m")2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 633.6 Q F0 .011 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 645.6 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 657.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 669.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 681.6 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 693.6 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 705.6 Q -.15 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 657.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 669.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 681.6 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 693.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 705.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(43) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(43) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5489,431 +5498,439 @@ SF(blink\255matching\255par)108 84 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .21(If set to) (parenthesis is inserted.)144 108 Q F1(color)108 120 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) 144 132 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\ -dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.936 -(completions using a dif)144 144 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) --.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 156 Q F0 -(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 +dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935 +(completions using a dif)144 144 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) +-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 156 Q F0 +(en)3.077 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577 (there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F1($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F0 .577 -(for the cus-)3.077 F .135(tom suf)144 168 R .135(\214x "readline-color\ +(for the cus-)3.077 F .134(tom suf)144 168 R .135(\214x "readline-color\ ed-completion-pre\214x", readline uses this color for the common pre\ \214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 180 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(color)108 192 -Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)4.079 E -F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) --4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 -(type. The)144 216 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 -E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 228 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E -F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 240 R F1 -(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 252 Q F1 +Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 204 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 +4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F +1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 +216 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the) +-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 228 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 +(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 240 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 252 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) 108 264 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ -e matches when performing completion.)144 276 R .194(The v)144 288 R +e matches when performing completion.)144 276 R .193(The v)144 288 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ -screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F +screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F (cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 300 Q(The def)5 E (ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 312 Q (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C (eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 348 R +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 336 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E (e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 -(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094 +(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 (nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 360 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 (completion\255pr)108 372 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ -ble completions that is displayed)144 384 R 1.274 -(without modi\214cation.)144 396 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 +ble completions that is displayed)144 384 R 1.275 +(without modi\214cation.)144 396 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 (es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 408 S(lue are replaced with an \ ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 420 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 432 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 444 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 456 R +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 420 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 432 R .53 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) +144 444 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 +F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) +-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 456 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 468 S .367 +the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 468 S .368 (riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F -2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368 -(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 480 R 3.173(Az) -5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 -E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 492 Q -F1(con)108 504 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to) -144 516 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F +2.867(wt)-.25 G .367(hem; otherwise the)-2.867 F 2.867(ya)-.15 G .367 +(re simply)-2.867 F .672(listed on the terminal.)144 480 R 3.172(Az) +5.672 G .673(ero v)-3.172 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.173(ra).15 G .673(sk; ne)-3.173 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 +E .973 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .673(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 492 Q +F1(con)108 504 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to) +144 516 R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k) -.15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +.15 F .912 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F -(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 -(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 552 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 564 R F1 +144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F +(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 3.751(\). The)B(def)3.751 E 1.251(ault is) +-.1 F F2(On)3.751 E F0 3.751(,b)C 1.251(ut readline will set it to) +-3.951 F F2(Of)3.75 E(f)-.18 E F0 1.25 +(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)3.75 F 1.141(This v)144 +552 R 1.141(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F1(LC_CTYPE)3.641 E F0 +1.141(locale cate)3.641 F(gory)-.15 E 3.641(,a)-.65 G 1.142 +(nd may change if the locale is)-3.641 F(changed.)144 564 Q F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 576 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 588 R F1 (On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 576 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 -(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G -1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +144 600 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 612 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 +(When set to)144 624 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 +(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 612 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .141 -(Controls whether readline be)144 636 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 648 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .518(If the)144 672 -R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G -.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 636 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 648 Q F0 .142 +(Controls whether readline be)144 660 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 +(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 672 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 684 Q F0 .517(If the)144 696 +R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .622 -(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 684 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F -.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G -.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F -.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798 -(ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 -(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F -(can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(44)199.835 E 0 Cg -EP +(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 708 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F +.621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 720 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F +.84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(44)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(enable\255acti)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0 -(The)144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)3.246 E F0 .746 -(is the current cursor position, and)3.246 F F2(mark)3.246 E F0 .746 -(refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 G .746 -(ursor position.)-3.246 F .745(The te)5.746 F .745(xt be-)-.15 F .344 -(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 108 R F2 -.37(re) -2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.845 E F0 2.845(,r)C .345(eadline al-) --2.845 F(lo)144 120 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(av)144 84 S +2.798(ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F +.298(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F +(can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) +144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable\255acti)108 108 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G +<ad72>.1 E(egion \(On\))-.18 E F0(The)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(point)3.245 E F0 .746(is the current cursor position, and)3.245 F F2 +(mark)3.246 E F0 .746(refers to a sa)3.246 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.246(dc).15 +G .746(ursor position.)-3.246 F .746(The te)5.746 F .746(xt be-)-.15 F +.344(tween the point and mark is referred to as the)144 132 R F2 -.37 +(re)2.844 G(gion)-.03 E F0 5.344(.W)C .344(hen this v)-5.344 F .344 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.844 E F0 2.844(,r)C .344(eadline al-) +-2.844 F(lo)144 144 Q .098(ws certain commands to designate the re)-.25 F .098(gion as)-.15 F F2(active)2.598 E F0 5.098(.W)C .098(hen the re) -5.098 F .098(gion is acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.598(,r).15 G .098 -(eadline high-)-2.598 F .97(lights the te)144 132 R .97(xt in the re) --.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti) -3.471 E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.471 -(,w)C .971(hich def)-3.471 F .971(aults to)-.1 F .485 -(the string that enables the terminal')144 144 R 2.985(ss)-.55 G .485 +(eadline high-)-2.598 F .971(lights the te)144 156 R .971(xt in the re) +-.15 F .971(gion using the v)-.15 F .971(alue of the)-.25 F F1(acti)3.47 +E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F0 3.47(,w)C .97 +(hich def)-3.47 F .97(aults to)-.1 F .484 +(the string that enables the terminal')144 168 R 2.985(ss)-.55 G .485 (tandout mode.)-2.985 F .485(The acti)5.485 F .785 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15 -(eg).15 G .484(ion sho).15 F .484(ws the te)-.25 F .484(xt inserted by) --.15 F(brack)144 156 Q(eted-paste and an)-.1 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(atching te) +(eg).15 G .485(ion sho).15 F .485(ws the te)-.25 F .485(xt inserted by) +-.15 F(brack)144 180 Q(eted-paste and an)-.1 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(atching te) -2.5 E(xt found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.) --.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 168 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .84 -(When set to)144 180 R F1(On)3.34 E F0 3.34(,r)C .841(eadline con\214gu\ -res the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.34 F(uf)-.2 -E .841(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of tre\ -ating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 192 R -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.158(board. This)144 204 R(pre)3.158 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.658(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .658(cuting an).15 F 3.158 -(ye)-.15 G .659(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .959 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -.659(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 216 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1 -(enable\255k)108 228 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893(When set to)144 240 R +-.15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 192 Q(eted\255paste \(On\))-.1 E F0 .841 +(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.341 E F0 3.341(,r)C .841(eadline con\214\ +gures the terminal to insert each paste into the editing b)-3.341 F(uf) +-.2 E .84(fer as a)-.25 F .799(single string of characters, instead of \ +treating each character as if it had been read from the k)144 216 R -.15 +(ey)-.1 G(-).15 E 3.159(board. This)144 228 R(pre)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +.659(nts readline from e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .659(cuting an).15 F 3.158 +(ye)-.15 G .658(diting commands bound to k)-3.158 F .958 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +.658(equences ap-).15 F(pearing in the pasted te)144 240 Q(xt.)-.15 E F1 +(enable\255k)108 252 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 252 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 264 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 276 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 288 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 288 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 312 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 300 Q F0(If set to)144 312 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 324 Q F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 324 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .553(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.052 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 348 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 .552(If set to)144 360 R F1(On)3.052 E F0 3.052(,t)C .552(he history code attempts to place point at the sam\ -e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 348 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +e location on each history line re-)-3.052 F(trie)144 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(unset\)) -108 360 Q F0 .948(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 372 R +108 384 Q F0 .949(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 396 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.) --3.448 F .949(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 -E .483(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 384 R 2.983(we)-.25 G -.483(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482 -(set to a v)2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 396 R .277(By def)5.277 F -.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 408 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 -(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 420 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 432 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 444 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +-3.448 F .948(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 +E .482(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 408 R 2.982(we)-.25 G +.483(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483 +(set to a v)2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 420 R .277(By def)5.278 F +.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 432 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F +3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 +(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 444 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 456 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 468 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 456 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 468 R + ne)144 480 R(w)-.25 E 2.5(line. This)144 492 R (setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.)2.5 E F1 -(input\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 492 R F1(On) -3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ -is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.561 F .336 -(characters it reads\), re)144 504 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 -(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .335(The name) -5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)144 516 S(ynon) --2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E +(input\255meta \(Off\))108 504 Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 516 R F1(On) +3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadline will enable eight-bit input \(that \ +is, it will not strip the eighth bit from the)-3.562 F .335 +(characters it reads\), re)144 528 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .335 +(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .336(The name) +5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)144 540 S(ynon) +-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864(,b)C .364 -(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 528 Q F1 -(isear)108 540 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 +(if the locale contains)2.864 F 1.866(eight-bit characters.)144 552 R +1.866(This v)6.866 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F1 +(LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F0 1.867(locale cate)4.367 F(gory)-.15 E 4.367(,a)-.65 +G 1.867(nd may)-4.367 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 564 Q F1 +(isear)108 576 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 552 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 564 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +ental search without subsequently e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.934(ing the character as a command.)144 600 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 576 Q F2 +(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 612 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 588 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -600 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +108 624 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 +636 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 (alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .041 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 612 R F0 2.542(,a)C +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 648 R F0 2.542(,a)C (nd)-2.542 E F2(vi\255insert)2.832 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.042 E F0 .042 (is equi)2.542 F -.25(va)-.25 G .042(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0 .449(is equi)144 624 R -.25(va)-.25 G +2.542 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.542 E F0 .449(is equi)144 660 R -.25(va)-.25 G .449(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)2.949 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.449(.T)C .449(he def)-5.449 F .449(ault v)-.1 F .449(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 3.139 E F0 2.948(;t).27 G .448(he v)-2.948 F .448(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 636 -Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 648 S -(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 660 R +(editing\255mode)2.948 E F0 .448(also af-)2.948 F(fects the def)144 672 +Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 684 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 696 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 672 R .825 +-.1 H(equence).15 E .525(\(one that can form a complete k)144 708 R .825 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E 3.024(,o)-.4 G 3.024(rc)-3.024 G .524(an tak)-3.024 F 3.024(ea)-.1 G -.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 684 R +.524(dditional in-)-3.024 F .806(put to complete a longer k)144 720 R 1.106 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.306(equence\). If).15 F .806(no input is recei) 3.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(dw).15 G .807(ithin the timeout,)-3.306 F -F2 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E .907(use the shorter b) -144 696 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407 -(equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 -(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F -.05(1000 means that)144 708 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline).37 E F0 .05 -(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05 -(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 720 R(alue,)-.25 -E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(45)199.835 E 0 Cg -EP +F2 -.37(re)3.307 G(adline).37 E F0(will)3.307 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(45)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(to decide which k) -144 84 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H(equence to complete.).15 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)108 96 Q(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0 -(If set to)144 108 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .907 +(use the shorter b)144 84 R .907(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25(va)3.407 G .907 +(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906(alue of)-.25 F +.05(1000 means that)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.55 G +(adline).37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05 +(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05 +(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 108 R(alue,)-.25 +E F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 +(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)108 132 Q +(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 144 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 120 Q F0(If set to)144 -132 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) --.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 144 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 156 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 +168 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2 +(*)A F0(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 180 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 192 R F2(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 168 -Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 180 Q F0 .193(This v)144 192 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 204 +Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F2 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 216 Q F0 .193(This v)144 228 R +.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 204 R .456 -(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 240 R .456 +(If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) -2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 216 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 228 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 252 Q F2 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 264 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.586(If set to)144 276 R F2(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 252 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 264 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 288 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 300 Q F0 +.506(If set to)144 312 R F2(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 288 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 -(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E -(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On) -3.384 E F0 .884(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 -300 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 312 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 324 -R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2 -(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 324 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .884 +(if the locale contains)3.384 F 1.866(eight-bit characters.)144 336 R +1.866(This v)6.866 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2 +(LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F0 1.867(locale cate)4.367 F(gory)-.15 E 4.367(,a)-.65 +G 1.867(nd may)-4.367 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 348 Q F2 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 360 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 372 R F2(On) +3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor) +3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 336 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .228 -(If set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ +(tions at a time.)144 384 Q F2 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 396 Q F0 .227 +(If set to)144 408 R F2(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\ lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or) --2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 372 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E -(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 384 T -(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .698(If set to)144 396 R -F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +-2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 420 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E +(wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 432 T +(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F0 .699(If set to)144 444 R +F2(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 408 S +-3.199 F F2(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 456 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 420 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 432 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 444 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 468 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F2(sho)108 480 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 492 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On) +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 456 R(bell.)144 468 Q F1 -(sho)108 480 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 492 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 504 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 504 R(bell.)144 516 Q F2 +(sho)108 528 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 540 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F2(sho)144 552 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 516 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 564 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 528 Q F1 -(sho)108 540 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022 -(If set to)144 552 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022 -(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 576 Q F2 +(sho)108 588 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 +(If set to)144 600 R F2(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 +(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F -(command, or vi insertion.)144 564 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E -(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 576 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 588 R -F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 600 Q -2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 -F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 612 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 624 Q -(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 636 Q F0 .518(If the)144 -648 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G -.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +(command, or vi insertion.)144 612 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E +(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F1(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F2 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 624 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 636 R +F2(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 648 Q +2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 +F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 660 R +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 672 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F2 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 684 Q F0 .517(If the)144 +696 R F1(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) .25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) -144 660 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476 -(The v)5.476 F(alue)-.25 E .33(is e)144 672 R .33(xpanded lik)-.15 F -2.83(eak)-.1 G .63 -.15(ey b)-2.93 H .33 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .33 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 684 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F -.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -696 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(46)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +144 708 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 +(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 720 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F +3.735(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236 +(es and backslash)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E +(46)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 84 Q F0 .518(If the)144 -96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G .517 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .315 +(escape sequences is a)144 84 R -.25(va)-.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F +.314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F .314 +(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which can b\ +e used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 96 +Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 108 +Q F0 .517(If the)144 120 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G .518 (riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -108 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v) -5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 120 S .924(panded lik).15 F -3.424(eak)-.1 G 1.224 -.15(ey b)-3.524 H .924 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .923 -(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .244(cape sequences is a)144 132 R -.25(va) --.2 G 2.744(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.744 F -.245(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ +132 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) +5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 144 S .923(panded lik).15 F +3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F .924 +(es and backslash es-)-.15 F .245(cape sequences is a)144 156 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F +.244(gin and end sequences of non-printing)-.15 F(characters, which can\ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)144 -144 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 168 R +168 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 180 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846 (\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 180 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 196.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 208.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 220.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(when listing possible completions.)144 204 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 220.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 232.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 +(which allo)108 244.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 249.6 Q F0(The)144 249.6 Q F1($if)2.962 -E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 273.6 Q F0(The)144 273.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F -(or the application using readline.)144 261.6 Q(The te)5 E +(or the application using readline.)144 285.6 Q(The te)5 E (xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E -(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 273.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ +(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 297.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) -144 290.4 Q F0(The)180 290.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the) -3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 +144 314.4 Q F0(The)180 314.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 (su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F -3.065(mode. This)180 302.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) +3.065(mode. This)180 326.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) 3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 -(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 314.4 R +(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 338.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) 3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F -(out in emacs mode.)180 326.4 Q F1(term)144 343.2 Q F0(The)180 343.2 Q -F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 355.2 R +(out in emacs mode.)180 350.4 Q F1(term)144 367.2 Q F0(The)180 367.2 Q +F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 379.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 367.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 391.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -379.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +403.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.84 E -F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 396 S(rsion).1 E F0 -(The)180 408 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 -(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608 -(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 420 Q F1 -.1 -(ve)2.771 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.771 G .271 -(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.772(ersion. The)-.15 F .272 -(set of comparison operators in-)2.772 F(cludes)180 432 Q F1(=)3.064 E -F0 3.064(,\()C(and)-3.064 E F1(==)3.064 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.064 E F0(,)A -F1(<=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.064 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.064 E F0 3.064(,a)C(nd) --3.064 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.563(.T)C .563(he v)-5.563 F .563 +F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 420 S(rsion).1 E F0 +(The)180 432 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 +(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 444 Q F1 -.1 +(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271 +(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 456 Q F1(=)3.063 E +F0 3.063(,\()C(and)-3.063 E F1(==)3.063 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)3.063 E F0(,)A +F1(<=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(>=)3.063 E F0(,)A F1(<)3.063 E F0 3.063(,a)C(nd) +-3.063 E F1(>)3.064 E F0 5.564(.T)C .564(he v)-5.564 F .564 (ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F .318 -(of the operator consists of a major v)180 444 R .318(ersion number)-.15 +(of the operator consists of a major v)180 468 R .318(ersion number)-.15 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318 -(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .101(tional minor v)180 456 -R .101(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.601 E F0 .101(\). If the minor v)B -.1(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.6 E F0 5.1(.T)C -(he)-5.1 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 468 R F1 +(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 480 R +.1(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)2.6 E F0 .1(\). If the minor v)B .101 +(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)2.601 E F0 5.101(.T) +C(he)-5.101 E .06(operator may be separated from the string)180 492 R F1 -.1(ve)2.56 G(rsion).1 E F0 .06(and from the v)2.56 F .06 -(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 480 Q F1 -(application)144 496.8 Q F0(The)180 508.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 +(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 504 Q F1 +(application)144 520.8 Q F0(The)180 532.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -520.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 532.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 544.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +544.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +556.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 568.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 556.8 -Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 580.8 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 592.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) --.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 604.8 Q F1($endif)180 -616.8 Q F2(variable)144 633.6 Q F0(The)180 645.6 Q F2(variable)3.777 E -F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276 -(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v) --.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180 -657.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 -(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 580.8 +Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 604.8 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 616.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) +-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 628.8 Q F1($endif)180 +640.8 Q F2(variable)144 657.6 Q F0(The)180 669.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E +F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +681.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 +(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 (ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ -or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 669.6 R .129 -(the v)180 681.6 R .129(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 -F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F -(tested. Boolean v)180 693.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 693.6 R .13 +(the v)180 705.6 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F +.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F +(tested. Boolean v)180 717.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E (ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 710.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) -144 710.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 -(command.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(47)199.835 E +-.18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(47)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5921,4525 +5938,4530 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF($else)108 84 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 84 Q F1($if)2.5 -E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 100.8 Q F0 .357 -(This directi)144 112.8 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 +SF($endif)108 84 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 84 Q(vious e) +-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +($else)108 100.8 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 100.8 Q F1($if) +2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 117.6 Q F0 .356 +(This directi)144 129.6 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 124.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 141.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 -E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 148.8 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 -E F1(Sear)87 165.6 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 177.6 R .834 +E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 165.6 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 +E F1(Sear)87 182.4 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 194.4 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 189.6 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 206.4 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.86 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 206.4 R .698 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 223.2 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 218.4 R .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 235.2 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 230.4 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 247.2 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 242.4 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 +(acters present in the v)108 259.2 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 254.4 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 271.2 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 266.4 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 -(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 278.4 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) -108 295.2 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 -(search backw)108 307.2 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 319.2 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .174 +F .097(mental search.)108 283.2 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 +(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 295.2 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) +108 312 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type Con\ +trol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 +(search backw)108 324 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 336 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +.174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 331.2 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 -343.2 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 -360 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 -(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 372 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 348 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 360 Q +.653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 376.8 R +.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 388.8 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 388.8 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 405.6 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 400.8 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 417.6 Q F0 1.392 -(The follo)108 429.6 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 417.6 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 434.4 Q F0 1.391 +(The follo)108 446.4 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 441.6 R .121 -(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 453.6 Q F2(point)3.411 -E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark) -3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 -(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 465.6 Q F0 2.5 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 458.4 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 470.4 Q F2(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 482.4 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 482.4 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 494.4 Q F0(Mo)144 506.4 Q .3 +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 499.2 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 511.2 Q F0(Mo)144 523.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 518.4 Q F0(Mo)144 530.4 Q .3 -.15 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 535.2 Q F0(Mo)144 547.2 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 -542.4 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +559.2 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 571.2 Q .3 -.15(ve f) -.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 566.4 Q F0(Mo)144 578.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 590.4 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 602.4 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) --.1 F .523(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 614.4 Q F1(backward\255w)108 626.4 Q -(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 638.4 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 583.2 Q F0(Mo)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b) +-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 607.2 S(rward\255w) +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 619.2 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) +-.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ters and digits\).)144 631.2 Q F1(backward\255w)108 643.2 Q +(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 655.2 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 650.4 Q F1(shell\255f)108 662.4 -Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 674.4 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 667.2 Q F1(shell\255f)108 679.2 +Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 691.2 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 (ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) --.8 F(ters.)144 686.4 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 698.4 Q(ord)-.1 E -F0(Mo)144 710.4 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 -(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 -(ord. W)-.1 F .608(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F -(metacharacters.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E -(48)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-.8 F(ters.)144 703.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(48) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pr)108 84 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 -.89(Attempt to mo)144 96 R 1.19 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .89 +SF(shell\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .908 -.15 +(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609 +(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. 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line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 424.8 Q F0(Mo)144 436.8 Q +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 460.8 Q F0(Mo)144 472.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 448.8 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 -(history for editing.)144 472.8 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 -F .729 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 484.8 Q F0 .947 +(Accept the current line for e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73 +(history for editing.)144 508.8 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F +.729 (gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) --.18 F(the current line.)144 484.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 496.8 Q F0 --.4(Wi)144 508.8 S .257(th a numeric ar).4 F .257 -(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.756(ei) --.1 G 2.756(tt)-2.756 G .256(he current line.)-2.756 F -.4(Wi)5.256 G -(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 520.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H +-.18 F(the current line.)144 520.8 Q F1(fetch\255history)108 532.8 Q F0 +-.4(Wi)144 544.8 S .256(th a numeric ar).4 F .256 +(gument, fetch that entry from the history list and mak)-.18 F 2.757(ei) +-.1 G 2.757(tt)-2.757 G .257(he current line.)-2.757 F -.4(Wi)5.257 G +(th-).4 E(out an ar)144 556.8 Q(gument, mo)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H (ack to the \214rst entry in the history list.).15 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v) -108 532.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 -(Search backw)144 544.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 556.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 568.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 580.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 592.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 604.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) -144 616.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 628.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 640.8 Q +108 568.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 +(Search backw)144 580.8 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 592.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 604.8 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 616.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 628.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 640.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) +144 652.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 664.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 676.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 652.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 688.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -664.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 676.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 688.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ - the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 700.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(49)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +700.8 Q(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(49)198.165 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) -144 96 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters betw\ -een the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 108 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) -108 120 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard \ -through the history for the string of characters between the start of t\ 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This)144 156 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -(history\255substring\255sear)108 168 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 -.248(Search forw)144 180 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ -of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .319 -(and the point.)144 192 R .319(The search string may match an)5.319 F -.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .318(This is a non-incremental) -5.318 F(search.)144 204 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 216 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 228 R .622 +SF(history\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249 +(Search forw)144 96 R .249(ard through the history for the string of ch\ +aracters between the start of the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 +108 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 120 Q +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 132 R .951(ard through t\ +he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ +t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 144 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) +5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear)108 156 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 +.951(Search backw)144 168 R .951(ard through the history for the string\ + of characters between the start of the current)-.1 F .007 +(line and the current cursor position \(the)144 180 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B .007 +(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F 2.5 +(line. This)144 192 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 +(history\255substring\255sear)108 204 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 +.249(Search forw)144 216 R .249(ard through the history for the string \ +of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 +(and the point.)144 228 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) +5.319 F(search.)144 240 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 252 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G +<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 264 R .622 (gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 -F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .773(at point.)144 -240 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .772(at point.)144 +276 R -.4(Wi)5.773 G .773(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)3.633 E F0 3.273(,i).24 G .773(nsert the)-3.273 F F2(n)3.273 E F0 .773(th w)B .773 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .773(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .773 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 252 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 288 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 264 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 276 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 288 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 300 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 312 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 -F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 -E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 324 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 300 R .281(vious command.) +-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 312 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 324 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 +(Insert the last ar)144 336 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 348 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 +F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 +E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 360 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 336 R(An)5.416 E +.416(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 372 R(An)5.416 E 2.916(yn)-.15 G .416(umeric ar)-2.916 F .416 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .715 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .415 -(alls de-).15 F 1.217(termines the direction to mo)144 348 R 1.518 -.15 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F .716 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .416 +(alls de-).15 F 1.218(termines the direction to mo)144 384 R 1.518 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 1.218(hrough the history).15 F 6.218(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.518 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.218 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.517 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.217 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 360 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 396 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -372 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 384 Q F0 .622 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 396 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 408 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +408 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 420 Q F0 .623 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 432 R .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 444 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 420 Q F0 .939 -(Perform history e)144 432 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 456 Q F0 .938 +(Perform history e)144 468 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 456 Q F0 .437(Perform history e)144 468 R .437 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.438 E F3 -(HIST)2.938 E(OR)-.162 E 2.688(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.688 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(be-)2.688 E(lo)144 480 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) --2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 492 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 504 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 516 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 540 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 552 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 564 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 480 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 492 Q F0 .438(Perform history e)144 504 R .438 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)5.437 E F3 +(HIST)2.937 E(OR)-.162 E 2.687(YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.687 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(be-)2.687 E(lo)144 516 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e) +-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 528 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 540 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 552 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 564 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 576 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 588 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 600 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 576 Q F0(In)144 -588 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .346 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.646(ne).1 G .146 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.147 E F0(at-)2.647 E -(tempts to in)144 600 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 612 Q F0(In)144 +624 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E +(tempts to in)144 636 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and) 2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G -(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 616.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E -(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 628.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 -E F0 .799(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 640.8 +(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 652.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E +(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 664.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 +E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 676.8 R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C -3.298(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 652.8 R -.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 664.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 676.8 Q F0 .442 -(Delete the character at point.)144 688.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 -(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 700.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) --2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 -E(50)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +3.299(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 688.8 R +.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +(as the end of input and returns)144 700.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(50)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 84 Q F0 .552 -(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 96 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 -(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F -.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F -.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 108 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 120 S -(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 132 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 144 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 156 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 -168 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) +SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 84 Q F0 .441 +(Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5 +E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) +108 120 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 132 R 5.553 +(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 144 Q F1 -.25 +(fo)108 156 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 168 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 180 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 192 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +204 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) -.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C -(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 180 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) -108 192 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 204 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 216 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 228 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 240 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 252 R .321 +(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C +(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 216 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) +108 228 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 240 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 252 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 264 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) +108 276 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 288 R .321 (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 (ard as well.)-.1 F .372 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 264 -R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .373(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.373 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .673 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 -276 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 288 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -300 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 312 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 324 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 336 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 300 +R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144 +312 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 324 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +336 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 348 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 360 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 372 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 348 S(rd, b).1 E -(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 360 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 372 Q 1.648 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 396 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 408 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E +(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 396 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 408 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 432 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 444 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 432 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 444 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 456 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 -(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) --.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 468 Q F1 -(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G -1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G -(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 -480 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 -(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 -(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 492 R .958 -(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 -(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 -F(before point with a space.)144 504 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 520.8 Q -(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 532.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 -544.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 556.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 568.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 580.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 592.8 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 456 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 468 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 480 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 492 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 504 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 516 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E +F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F +.957(pushing the te)144 528 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 540 Q +(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +556.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 568.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 580.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 592.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 604.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 616.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 628.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 604.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 640.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -616.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 640.8 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 652.8 S +652.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 664.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 676.8 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 688.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 664.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 676.8 Q(ord behind point.) +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 700.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 712.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 688.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 700.8 -R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 712.8 S -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(51)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(51)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025 -(Kill the w)144 96 R 3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 +SF(shell\255kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) +108 120 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 132 R 3.025 +(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 120 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 132 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -144 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 156 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 -168 R .166 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 144 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 156 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 168 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +180 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 192 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 +204 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 180 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 216 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 192 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 204 Q F1(kill\255r)108 216 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 228 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 240 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 252 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 228 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 240 Q F1(kill\255r)108 252 +Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 264 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E +(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 276 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) +144 288 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 264 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 -G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 -E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 288 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 300 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 312 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F -2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 -G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 324 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 336 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 348 S +(copy\255backward\255w)108 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 312 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 324 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 336 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 348 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) +-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 372 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 384 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 360 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 372 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 396 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 408 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 388.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 400.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 424.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 436.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 412.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 448.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 436.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .778(This is another w)144 448.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 472.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 484.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -460.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -472.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +496.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +508.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 484.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 520.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 496.8 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 532.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 508.8 R .823 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 544.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 520.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 556.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 537.6 Q(complete \(T)108 549.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 561.6 R 1.137 +87 573.6 Q(complete \(T)108 585.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 597.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 573.6 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 585.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 609.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 621.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 597.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 609.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 621.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 633.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 645.6 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 633.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 645.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 669.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 681.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 -657.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 669.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 -681.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 +693.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 705.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +717.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.194(possible completions.)144 693.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 705.6 R .828 -(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 717.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 -3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F -.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 729.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 -(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(52)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +1.193(possible completions.)144 729.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(52)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(through the list.) -144 84 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 -E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 96 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 108 R -F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .829 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 84 R .828 +(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F +.727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2 +(n)3.228 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 108 R 1.73 +(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 +-.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 120 Q +(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 +2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(menu\255complete\255backward)108 132 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 144 R F1 +(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 120 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) +(menu\255complete)144 156 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) .15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 132 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 144 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 +E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -168 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 180 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 192 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 204 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 216 Q +204 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 216 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 228 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 228 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 240 Q +(complete\255user)108 264 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 252 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q +108 288 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -276 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 288 Q +312 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 300 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 312 Q +(possible\255v)108 336 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 324 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 336 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 360 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 348 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 360 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 372 Q F0 .58 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 384 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 396 R +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 420 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 432 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 444 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 456 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 468 Q F1(dab)108 480 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 492 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1(dab)108 516 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 528 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 516 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 552 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 528 R(the list is a)144 540 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 564 R(the list is a)144 576 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 556.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 568.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 580.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 592.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 616.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 592.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 604.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 628.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 640.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 616.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 628.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 640.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 -(Print the last k)144 664.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 681.6 Q -.18(re)108 693.6 S<ad72>.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 705.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 -(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -717.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(53)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 652.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 664.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 676.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 700.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F2(inputr)2.5 +E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E +(53)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(abort \(C\255g\))108 84 Q F0 3.249 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 96 R 5.748 -(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 108 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 120 Q(wer)-.1 E -(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738 -(If the meta\214ed character)144 132 R F2(x)4.238 E F0 1.739 -(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238 -F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) +SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S<ad72>.18 E +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) +-.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F +(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +(bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 168 Q(wer)-.1 E +(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.239 +E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 +F(meta\214ed lo)144 192 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha) -5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E -(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 156 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 -(Metafy the ne)144 168 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 204 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 180 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 192 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .231 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 216 R .231(This is lik)5.231 F -2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .23(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.73 E F0 -.23(command enough times to re-)2.73 F -(turn the line to its initial state.)144 228 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 240 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 252 Q +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F +2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0 +.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F +(turn the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 264 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 276 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 312 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 288 Q F0(Sw)144 -300 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 +348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) -144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 324 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 336 S -.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S +.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 348 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 360 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 372 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 384 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 396 Q F0 1.827 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 408 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 420 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 444 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 468 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 432 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 444 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 456 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -468 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 480 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 492 Q .244 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 -(the characters at the be)144 504 R .321 +516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .245 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 +(the characters at the be)144 552 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 516 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 528 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 540 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 552 Q -.15 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468 +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 564 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E -(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .421 -(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 576 R .42 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(spell\255corr)108 612 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E +(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F0 .42 +(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 624 R .421 (ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1 -(wa)144 588 S 4.717(ya).1 G 4.717(st)-4.717 G(he)-4.717 E F1(cdspell) -4.717 E F0 2.217(shell option.)4.717 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.718 E -(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 600 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 -624 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F -.791(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 -636 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ -ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 660 R .176 +(wa)144 636 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F1(cdspell) +4.718 E F0 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217 +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255f)4.717 E +(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 648 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(glob\255complete\255w)108 660 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 +672 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F +.792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 +684 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\ +ssible completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 696 Q +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 708 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 720 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 -(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 696 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 708 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F -.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 -(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G -.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 -(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(54)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 +Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(54)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(before pathname e) +144 84 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))108 96 Q F0 .923(The list of e) +144 108 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15 +(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E +(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F .872(the line is redra)144 +120 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 +(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 +(ex)144 132 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 144 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 156 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 168 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -.763(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R .762 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F .762(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F .762(If a nu-)5.762 F .108(meric ar)144 156 R .108 -(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .109 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 168 Q -(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 204 Q +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 180 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 192 R .762 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 204 R .109 +(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 216 Q +(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 228 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 240 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 252 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 264 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 276 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 288 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 -268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 304.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +316.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 328.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .498 -(If the command w)5.498 F .497 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 -321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 340.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 357.6 R .497 +(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +369.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) -5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .822 -(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F -.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 357.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 381.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 393.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 405.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 -G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F1<ad44>2.799 E F0 .057 -(option to)108 381.6 R F1(complete)2.557 E F0 .056(is used as the def) +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 417.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0 .056 +(option to)108 429.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def) 2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056 (ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F -.056(xpansion on)-.15 F .332(the command w)108 393.6 R .332(ord as a \ +.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 441.6 R .332(ord as a \ \214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1 -F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.833(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.833 E(cessful e)108 -405.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ -d to generate the list of matching w)108 422.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F -3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 434.4 Q +F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108 +453.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\ +d to generate the list of matching w)108 470.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F +3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 482.4 Q (ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 451.2 R -.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 463.2 R .596 -(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 499.2 R +.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 511.2 R .595 +(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 475.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 492 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +(shell v)108 523.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 540 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 504 S -.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 -(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 516 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 532.8 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 544.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 552 S +.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 564 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 580.8 Q +.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 +F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 +592.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 556.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 -568.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 +(using brace e)108 604.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +616.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -580.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 592.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .234 -(After these matches ha)108 609.6 R .534 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .234 -(een generated, an).15 F 2.734(ys)-.15 G .233 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.734 F F1<ad46>2.733 E -F0(and)2.733 E F1<ad43>2.733 E F0(op-)2.733 E 4.208(tions is in)108 -621.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.708(d. When).1 F 4.209 -(the command or function is in)6.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.209 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.709 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.459 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 633.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 -(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 -645.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +628.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 640.8 Q +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233 +(After these matches ha)108 657.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233 +(een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F1<ad46>2.734 E +F0(and)2.734 E F1<ad43>2.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108 +669.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208 +(the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208 +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)6.708 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)6.458 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 681.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +693.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 -(the function or command is in)108 657.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C -2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) --.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 669.6 R .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) --2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 681.6 -R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 693.6 R -.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ -tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 705.6 Q(An)108 722.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F --.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 -(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(55)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 +(the function or command is in)108 705.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C +2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 717.6 R .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) +-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 729.6 +R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(55)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .715 +(completions ag)108 84 R .715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being complet\ +ed is performed; the function or command has complete free-)-.1 F +(dom in generating the matches.)108 96 Q(An)108 112.8 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G +.437(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad46>2.937 +E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937 +(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G +2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 +F(the)108 124.8 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457 (iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456 -(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 +(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(COMPREPL)108 96 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E -(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 112.8 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 -F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F1<ad43> -2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di) -.1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi) -.4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It) -108 124.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to t\ -he standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F -(to escape a ne)108 136.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 153.6 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876 -E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 165.6 R -.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 -(the w)108 177.6 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G -(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +SF(COMPREPL)108 136.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E +(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne)108 153.6 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F +2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1<ad43>2.58 E F0 +.081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581 +(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 +165.6 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the s\ +tandard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F +(to escape a ne)108 177.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 194.4 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877 +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 206.4 R +.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 +(the w)108 218.4 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 189.6 -R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 201.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 230.4 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 242.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 213.6 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 254.4 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -230.4 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 +271.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 242.4 Q .247 -(If the pre)108 259.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 283.2 Q .246 +(If the pre)108 300 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 271.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 288 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 -F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F +F1(complete)108 312 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 +(If the)108 328.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 300 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 316.8 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 328.8 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 340.8 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 352.8 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 340.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 +(By def)108 357.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F +.632(of possible completions.)108 369.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 381.6 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 393.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F1<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 364.8 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 405.6 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -376.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) +417.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 393.6 R .633(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 434.4 R .632(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 405.6 R 2.761(to the v)108 417.6 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 429.6 + to directories, subject)108 446.4 R 2.762(to the v)108 458.4 R 2.762 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 470.4 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -446.4 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 -(tion with a def)108 458.4 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 +.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +487.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +(tion with a def)108 499.2 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) -.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 (cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ -uld be retried by returning an e)108 470.4 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 +uld be retried by returning an e)108 511.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ -ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 482.4 R .666 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 494.4 R .665 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 -506.4 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F -.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 518.4 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 523.2 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 535.2 R .666 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 +547.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 559.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 535.2 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F +E -.15(Fo)108 576 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 547.2 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 588 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 564 Q({)108 576 Q 6(.") -144 588 S(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 -E(})108 600 Q -(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 612 Q -/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 640.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371 -(When the)108 652.8 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 -(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F5 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 -(the list of commands pre)108 664.8 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 -(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va) -2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .429 -(mands to sa)108 676.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 -(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F2 -(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 +E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 604.8 Q({)108 616.8 Q 6 +(.")144 628.8 S +(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 +640.8 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +652.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 681.6 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 +.372(When the)108 693.6 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F5 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 705.6 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.804 E F0 -.25(va) +2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa) +108 717.6 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F +.43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429 +(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929 +(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -688.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 700.8 -S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 -(xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 -(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F2(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.816 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 712.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 .082 -(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 729.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 -E F5(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(56)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +729.6 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(56)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .315 -(The \214le named by the v)108 84 R .315(alue of)-.25 F/F1 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315(is truncated, if necessary) -2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315 -(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 96 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)5.158 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .658 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 108 S .142 -(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(bu)108 84 S +4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +(xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 +(alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0(and)3.815 E F1(HISTCONTR)108 96 Q(OL)-.27 E/F2 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .082 +(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) +108 112.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315 +(The \214le named by the v)108 124.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE) +2.815 E F0 .315(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815 +(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 136.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F2(.)A F0(If)5.158 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 .659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric) +3.158 F -.25(va)108 148.8 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 120 Q 1.605 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 160.8 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 -(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15 -(stamps for the follo)108 132 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 +(stamps for the follo)108 172.8 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F -.151(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 144 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E F0 +.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 184.8 Q F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F1 -($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 -(copied from the history list to)108 156 R F1($HISTFILE)2.658 E F2(.)A -F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F3(shopt)108 -168 Q F0(under)2.582 E F1 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 +(copied from the history list to)108 196.8 R F1($HISTFILE)2.659 E F2(.)A +F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F4(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F4(shopt)108 +208.8 Q F0(under)2.581 E F1 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.196(history \214le is o)108 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If).15 -F F1(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is unw\ -ritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 -(If the)108 192 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G -.584(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark) -.25 F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 204 R -3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 -(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 216 R -1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G -1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 228 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 -3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 240 Q +.197(history \214le is o)108 220.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) +.15 F F1(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 +(If the)108 232.8 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +G .584 +(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 +F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 244.8 R +3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 +(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 256.8 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G +1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 +(truncated to contain no more than)108 268.8 R F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 280.8 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 -(The b)108 256.8 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) -2.799 E F1 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 268.8 R -(The)5.471 E F3(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 280.8 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) --.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 292.8 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 309.6 -R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 +(The b)108 297.6 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F4(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +2.798 E F1 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 309.6 R +(The)5.472 E F4(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 321.6 R .001 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 333.6 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 350.4 +R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 321.6 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G -.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F3 -(cmdhist)108 333.6 Q F0 .75 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F1(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 362.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F4 +(cmdhist)108 374.4 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 345.6 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 386.4 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 357.6 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 369.6 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F4(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 398.4 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 +(description of the)108 410.4 R F4(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -381.6 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 398.4 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) --.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e) -108 410.4 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 -F .611(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh)3.111 E F0 5.611(.T)C .611(his section) --5.611 F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 422.4 R -.25(va) --.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F -.87(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -.949(can be disabled using the)108 434.4 R F3(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 -(option to the)3.449 F F3(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .95 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.2 E(lo)108 446.4 Q 2.5 +422.4 Q/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 439.2 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) +-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 +(The shell supports a history e)108 451.2 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F4(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 F +.87(describes what syntax features are a)108 463.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F +.95(can be disabled using the)108 475.2 R F4(+H)3.449 E F0 .949 +(option to the)3.449 F F4(set)3.449 E F0 -.2(bu)3.449 G .949 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 .949(SHELL B)3.449 F(UIL)-.09 E .949 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(be-)3.199 E(lo)108 487.2 Q 2.5 (w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.306(History e)108 463.2 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ -ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 475.2 R .209(guments to a pre) --.18 F .21 -(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 487.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 -504 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \ -read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 516 S .251 -(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 -(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .252 -(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 528 Q .146 -(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\ +1.305(History e)108 504 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords\ + from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repeat) +-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 516 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F +.209(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre) +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 528 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e) +108 544.8 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete li\ +ne is read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 556.8 S +.252(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 568.8 Q .145 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ -r inclusion into the current one.)108 540 R .767 -(The line selected from the)5.767 F .254(history is the)108 552 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.754 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F5(wor) -2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F5(modi\214er)2.753 E(s) --.1 E F0 .253(are a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .538 -(able to manipulate the selected w)108 564 R 3.038(ords. The)-.1 F .538 -(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .539(ords in the same f)-.1 F -.539(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .573(input, so that se)108 576 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)3.073 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .572 -(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w)-.1 -F 3.072(ord. His-)-.1 F .355(tory e)108 588 R .355 +r inclusion into the current one.)108 580.8 R .766 +(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 592.8 R F3 +-.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F3(wor) +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F3(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 604.8 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F +.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f) +-.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 616.8 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 +.572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) +-.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 628.8 R .355 (xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .356(hich is)-2.855 F F3(!) -3.689 E F0 .356(by def)3.689 F(ault.)-.1 E .791(Only backslash \()108 -600 R F3(\\).833 E F0 3.291(\)a).833 G .79 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.291 F .79 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F4(!) +3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 +640.8 R F4(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F (xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ -tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 612 R -(string.)108 624 Q(Se)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 652.8 R +(string.)108 664.8 Q(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 652.8 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 693.6 T +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) --.25 F F3(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F3 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F3(\()3.163 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 664.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F3(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 693.6 R F3 -(histv)2.731 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F3(shopt) -2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F3 --.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .232(is be-)2.732 F .449(ing used, hist\ -ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 -705.6 R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .448(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .448 -(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 717.6 R F3 -.18(re) -4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F3 -.18(re)4.728 G -(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F3(histr)108 729.6 -Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F3 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(57)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F F4(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F4 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F4(\()3.162 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 705.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 722.4 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F4(shopt)2.609 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(57)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.2(bu)108 84 S --.25(ff).2 G .303(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.303 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>2.803 E F0 .303(option to the)2.803 F F1(history) -2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .304 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .232(If the)108 84 +R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histv)2.732 E(erify)-.1 E F0 .231 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)2.731 F F1(shopt) +2.731 E F0 -.2(bu)2.731 G .231(iltin belo).2 F .231(w\), and)-.25 F F1 +-.18(re)2.731 G(adline).18 E F0 .231(is be-)2.731 F .449(ing used, hist\ +ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 96 +R 5.449(.I)-.55 G .449(nstead, the e)-5.449 F .449(xpanded line is)-.15 +F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 108 R F1 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 +2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228(fer for further modi\214cation.) +-.25 F(If)7.228 E F1 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 +(is being used, and the)4.728 F F1(histr)108 120 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202 +(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 132 S -.25(ff).2 G +.304(er for correction.).25 F(The)5.304 E F1<ad70>2.804 E F0 .304 +(option to the)2.804 F F1(history)2.804 E F0 -.2(bu)2.804 G .303 (iltin command may be used to see what a history e).2 F(x-)-.15 E .52 -(pansion will do before using it.)108 96 R(The)5.52 E F1<ad73>3.02 E F0 +(pansion will do before using it.)108 144 R(The)5.52 E F1<ad73>3.02 E F0 .52(option to the)3.02 F F1(history)3.02 E F0 -.2(bu)3.02 G .52 (iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 108 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(end of the history list without actually e)108 156 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.108(The shell allo)108 124.8 R +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 1.109(The shell allo)108 172.8 R 1.108(ws control of the v)-.25 F 1.108 (arious characters used by the history e)-.25 F 1.108 -(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .163(scription of)108 136.8 R -F1(histchars)2.663 E F0(abo)2.663 E .463 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.163(Shell V)2.663 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .162 +(xpansion mechanism \(see the de-)-.15 F .162(scription of)108 184.8 R +F1(histchars)2.662 E F0(abo)2.662 E .462 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +.163(Shell V)2.662 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 2.663(\). The)B .163 (shell uses the history comment character to mark)2.663 F -(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 148.8 Q F1(Ev) -87 165.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 196.8 Q F1(Ev) +87 213.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\ -y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 -189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) -.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 206.4 Q -F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 206.4 R 1.608 +y list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 +237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot) +.15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 254.4 Q +F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 254.4 R 1.607 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 218.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 266.4 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 230.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)144 230.4 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 -242.4 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 242.4 Q F2(n) -2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 254.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 254.4 Q +(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 278.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 +(Refer to command line)144 278.4 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 +290.4 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 290.4 Q F2(n) +2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 302.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 302.4 Q (vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!) -108 266.4 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ -ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 266.4 R -F2(string)144.34 278.4 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 290.4 Q F2(string)A F1 +108 314.4 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\ +ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 314.4 R +F2(string)144.34 326.4 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 338.4 Q F2(string)A F1 ([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current \ -position in the history list containing)144 302.4 R F2(string)144.34 -314.4 Q F0 5.496(.T).22 G .496(he trailing)-5.496 F F1(?)2.996 E F0 .496 -(may be omitted if)2.996 F F2(string)3.336 E F0 .497(is follo)3.216 F -.497(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.997(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) -2.997 E F0(is)2.997 E .391(missing, the string from the most recent sea\ -rch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 326.4 R .39 -(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 338.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 -355.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .752 -(Quick substitution.)144 362.4 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753 +position in the history list containing)144 350.4 R F2(string)144.34 +362.4 Q F0 5.497(.T).22 G .497(he trailing)-5.497 F F1(?)2.997 E F0 .497 +(may be omitted if)2.997 F F2(string)3.337 E F0 .496(is follo)3.216 F +.496(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.996(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string) +2.996 E F0(is)2.996 E .39(missing, the string from the most recent sear\ +ch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 374.4 R .391 +(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 386.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 +403.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753 +(Quick substitution.)144 410.4 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753 (vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2 -(string2)3.593 E F0 5.753(.E).02 G(qui)-5.753 E -.25(va)-.25 G .753 -(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 374.4 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 +(string2)3.592 E F0 5.752(.E).02 G(qui)-5.752 E -.25(va)-.25 G .752 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 422.4 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5 I F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \() -5 L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 -386.4 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 386.4 Q(ar)-.1 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.75(Wo)87 403.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 415.2 S -1.314(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314 +434.4 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 434.4 Q(ar)-.1 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.75(Wo)87 451.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 463.2 S +1.313(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314 (ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 -1.313(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation) -.15 F .529(from the w)108 427.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I) --.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 +1.314(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation) +.15 F .53(from the w)108 475.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 +G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E .516 -(are numbered from the be)108 439.2 R .516 +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515 +(are numbered from the be)108 487.2 R .516 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-) -.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 451.2 -Q F1 2.5(0\()108 468 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 480 Q +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-) +.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 499.2 +Q F1 2.5(0\()108 516 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 528 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E -F2(n)108.36 492 Q F0(The)144 492 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^) -108 504 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 504 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 -E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 516 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 516 R 2.563 -(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 -F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064 -(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 528 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%) -108 540 Q F0 1.42(The \214rst w)144 540 R 1.42 -(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.419 -(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.419(gins with a)-.15 F -(character that is part of a w)144 552 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 564 Q F1 -<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 564 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2 +F2(n)108.36 540 Q F0(The)144 540 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^) +108 552 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 552 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 +E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 564 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 564 R 2.564 +(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064(gument, b)-.18 +F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .063 +(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 576 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%) +108 588 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 588 R 1.419 +(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42 +(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F +(character that is part of a w)144 600 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 612 Q F1 +<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 612 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2 (y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*) -108 576 Q F0 .315(All of the w)144 576 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315 +108 624 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 624 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316 (ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*) -2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 588 Q(ord in the e) +2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 636 Q(ord in the e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 -E F1(x*)108 600 Q F0(Abbre)144 600 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.) -A F1<78ad>108 612 Q F0(Abbre)144 612 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 +E F1(x*)108 648 Q F0(Abbre)144 648 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.) +A F1<78ad>108 660 Q F0(Abbre)144 660 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 (lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E 2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 -E(If a w)108 628.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 +E(If a w)108 676.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 645.6 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 657.6 R .184 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 -(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 669.6 Q +(Modi\214ers)87 693.6 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 705.6 R .183 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 717.6 Q (These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E (ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 686.4 Q F0(Remo)144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H -(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 698.4 Q F0(Remo)144 698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 710.4 Q F0(Remo)144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E -(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E -(58)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(nt.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(58)198.165 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(e)108 84 Q F0(Remo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E -(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 96 Q F0(Print the ne) -144 96 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 108 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)144 108 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 120 Q F0 .385 -(Quote the substituted w)144 120 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.885 E -F0 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F1 -(blanks)2.886 E F0 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) -2.886 E F0(and)2.886 E F1(x)2.886 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 -132 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G -(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 144 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute) -144 156 Q F2(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of) -3.279 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469 -(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969(yc)-.15 G .469 -(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953(delimiter in place of /.)144 -168 R .953 +SF(h)108 84 Q F0(Remo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) +108 96 Q F0(Remo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) +108 108 Q F0(Remo)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +(\214x of the form)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C +(ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 120 Q F0(Remo)144 120 Q .3 +-.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1 +(p)108 132 Q F0(Print the ne)144 132 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E +(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 144 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 144 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 156 Q F0 .386 +(Quote the substituted w)144 156 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886 E +F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1 +(blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q) +2.885 E F0(and)2.885 E F1(x)2.885 E F0(modi\214ers are mutually e)144 +168 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G +(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 180 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 192 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E F0 +.469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469 +(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969 +(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954 +(delimiter in place of /.)144 204 R .953 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131 -(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 180 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E +5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131 +(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 216 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131 (If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631 -(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 192 R F2 +(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 228 R F2 (old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.) -2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last) -3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.89 E .487(tuted, or)144 204 R 2.987 -(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486 +3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 240 R 2.986 +(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486 (vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326 -E F0 .486(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.986 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.986 -(search. If)5.486 F F2(ne)144.36 216 Q(w)-.15 E F0 +E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987 +(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 252 Q(w)-.15 E F0 (is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&) -108 228 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 228 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) -108 240 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 240 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 252 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 .351('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.851('. If)B .351 -(used with `)2.851 F F1(:s)A F0 .351(', an)B 2.851(yd)-.15 G .35 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.851 F -(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 264 Q -.15 +108 264 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 264 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) +108 276 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 276 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 288 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35(used with `) +2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F +(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 300 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0(may be used as a synon) -2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 276 Q F0(Apply the follo) -144 276 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 +2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 312 Q F0(Apply the follo) +144 312 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 292.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 304.8 +G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 328.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 340.8 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 316.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0 +receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 352.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0 .577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 -(iltins do not accept options).2 F .461(and do not treat)108 328.8 R F1 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 364.8 R F1 <adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) 2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) -.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.962 G .462(iltins accept and).2 F .261(process ar)108 340.8 R .261 -(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.761 E F0 .261 -(without requiring)2.761 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) --5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26(guments b)-.18 F .26 +2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 376.8 R .26 +(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.76 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.76 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 (ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar) -108 352.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> +108 388.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad> 3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 (lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 -364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 382.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 394.8 R .452 +400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 418.8 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 430.8 R .451 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 406.8 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 423.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 435.6 Q(ce)-.18 E +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F +2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 442.8 R +(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 459.6 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 471.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 447.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 +(Read and e)144 483.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.331 -(status of the last command e)144 459.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331 +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.33 +(status of the last command e)144 495.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.331 (cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.741 E F0 6.331(.I).18 G(f)-6.331 E F2 -(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.33(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F -.022(names in)144 471.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.522 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.272 F F2 +(\214lename)5.741 E F0 1.331(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.011 F +.023(names in)144 507.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.523 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .022(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.273 F F2 (\214lename)4.432 E F0 2.522(,b).18 G(ut)-2.722 E F2(\214lename)2.522 E -F0 .023(does not need to be)2.523 F -.15(exe)144 483.6 S 3.861 -(cutable. The).15 F 1.361(\214le searched for in)3.861 F F4 -.666(PA) -3.861 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.86 -(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.86 E F0 1.36(is not in)3.86 F F2(posix) -3.86 E(mode)144 495.6 Q F0 2.648(,t)C .148 -(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.648 F F4 --.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .149(If the) -4.648 F F1(sour)2.649 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .149(option to the)2.649 F F1 -(shopt)144 507.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.66 G 1.16(iltin command is turned of).2 F -1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 -(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.159(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.659 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 1.159(are supplied,)3.659 F(the)144 519.6 Q 3.691(yb) --.15 G 1.191(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.691 F F2 -(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.692 -(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.192(the positional pa-)3.692 F .82 -(rameters are unchanged.)144 531.6 R .82(If the)5.82 F F1<ad54>3.32 E F0 +F0 .022(does not need to be)2.522 F -.15(exe)144 519.6 S 3.86 +(cutable. The).15 F 1.36(\214le searched for in)3.86 F F4 -.666(PA)3.86 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.361(need not be e)3.61 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.861 +(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.861 E F0 1.361(is not in)3.861 F F2 +(posix)3.861 E(mode)144 531.6 Q F0 2.649(,t)C .148 +(he current directory is searched if no \214le is found in)-2.649 F F4 +-.666(PA)2.648 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .148(If the) +4.648 F F1(sour)2.648 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .148(option to the)2.648 F F1 +(shopt)144 543.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.659 G 1.159(iltin command is turned of).2 +F 1.159(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)3.659 G(TH)-.189 E F0 1.159 +(is not searched.)3.409 F 1.16(If an)6.159 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)3.66 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 1.16(are supplied,)3.66 F(the)144 555.6 Q 3.692(yb) +-.15 G 1.192(ecome the positional parameters when)-3.692 F F2 +(\214lename)3.692 E F0 1.192(is e)3.692 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.691 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.191(the positional pa-)3.691 F .82 +(rameters are unchanged.)144 567.6 R .82(If the)5.82 F F1<ad54>3.32 E F0 .82(option is enabled,)3.32 F F1(.)3.32 E F0 .82(inherits an)3.32 F 3.32 (yt)-.15 G .82(rap on)-3.32 F F1(DEB)3.32 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.32(;i)C 3.32 -(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 543.6 Q -(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .822(trap string is sa)3.322 F -.15 +(fi)-3.32 G 3.32(ti)-3.32 G 3.32(sn)-3.32 G(ot,)-3.32 E(an)144 579.6 Q +(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .823(trap string is sa)3.323 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 3.322(da).15 G .822(nd restored around the call to)-3.322 F F1 -(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .823(unsets the) -3.323 F F1(DEB)3.323 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.323 E .227(while it e)144 -555.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.727(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227 +(.)3.322 E F0 3.322(,a)C(nd)-3.322 E F1(.)3.322 E F0 .822(unsets the) +3.322 F F1(DEB)3.322 E(UG)-.1 E F0(trap)3.322 E .226(while it e)144 +591.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.726(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.727 E F0 .227 (is not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)2.727 F F1(DEB)2.727 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.726(wv)-.25 G .226(alue is) --2.976 F .89(retained when)144 567.6 R F1(.)3.39 E F0 3.39 -(completes. The)3.39 F .891 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.39 F .891 -(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 579.6 Q +(UG)-.1 E F0 .227(trap, the ne)2.727 F 2.727(wv)-.25 G .227(alue is) +-2.977 F .891(retained when)144 603.6 R F1(.)3.391 E F0 3.391 +(completes. The)3.391 F .891 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.391 F .89 +(xited within the)-.15 F(script \(0 if no commands are e)144 615.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E -F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 596.4 Q F0([)2.5 +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 632.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 608.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 644.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E -F2(name)144 620.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E +F2(name)144 656.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 632.4 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 668.4 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 644.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 680.4 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 656.4 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 692.4 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 668.4 Q F1(bg)108 685.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -697.2 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 709.2 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 721.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(59)199.835 E 0 -Cg EP +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 704.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(59)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(found or w)144 84 -Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bind)108 -100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap) --.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 112.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E -F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 124.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E -F2(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) -2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A -F2(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(bg)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 +E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 96 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 108 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 120 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 132 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E +F1(bind)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 172.8 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F1(bind)108 172.8 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 184.8 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .039(macro, or set a)144 196.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.539 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.539 G 2.539(riable. Each).25 F .039(non-option ar)2.539 F -.04(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .04(ould appear in a)-.1 F F1 --.18(re)144 208.8 S(adline).18 E F0 .182(initialization \214le such as) -2.682 F F2(.inputr)2.912 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.682(,b).31 G .182 +(adline\255command).37 E F1(bind)108 220.8 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G +(adline-command-line).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 232.8 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .04(macro, or set a)144 244.8 R F1 -.18(re)2.54 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.54 G 2.54(riable. 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E F0(Use)180 304.8 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G(ymap)-.2 E +F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af).15 F 2.659 +(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E F2 -.1(ke) +180 316.8 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 280.8 Q F0 4.09(,a)C(nd)-4.09 E F2(vi\255insert)4.38 -E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.589 -(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A(ve) --.1 E F0 1.589(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 292.8 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(vi\255command)180 328.8 Q F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.379 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.589 E F0 1.589(is equi)4.089 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.589(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.089 E F0(\()4.089 E F2(vi\255mo)A +(ve)-.1 E F0 1.59(is also a syn-)4.089 F(on)180 340.8 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 304.8 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 304.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 316.8 Q F0(Display)180 316.8 Q F1 -.18(re) +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 352.8 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 352.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 364.8 Q F0(Display)180 364.8 Q F1 -.18(re) 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 328.8 -Q F0(List current)180 328.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 340.8 Q F0(Display)180 -340.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 376.8 +Q F0(List current)180 376.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 388.8 Q F0(Display)180 +388.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 352.8 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 364.8 Q -F0(Display)180 364.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 400.8 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad53>144 412.8 Q +F0(Display)180 412.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 (ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) --.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 376.8 Q F0(Display)180 376.8 Q F1 -.18 +-.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 424.8 Q F0(Display)180 424.8 Q F1 -.18 (re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 388.8 Q F0(List current)180 388.8 Q +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 436.8 Q F0(List current)180 436.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 400.8 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -412.8 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F1<ad71>144 424.8 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 436.8 Q +(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 448.8 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 +460.8 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A +F1<ad71>144 472.8 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 484.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 448.8 Q F2(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 460.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 472.8 Q -F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 484.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 +(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 496.8 Q F2(function) +2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 508.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G +(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 520.8 Q +F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 532.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F1<ad78>144 496.8 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 508.8 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 +(.)A F1<ad78>144 544.8 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 556.8 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 520.8 Q F0 1.764(is e) -4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 568.8 Q F0 1.765(is e) +4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 532.8 S(adline).18 E -F0 .375(line b)2.875 F(uf)-.2 E .375(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 580.8 S(adline).18 E +F0 .375(line b)2.874 F(uf)-.2 E .375(fer and the)-.25 F F3 (READLINE_POINT)2.875 E F0(and)2.625 E F3(READLINE_MARK)2.875 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.625 G .375(riables to the).25 F 1.185 -(current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 544.8 R -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.686(di).15 G 1.186(nsertion point \(the mark\), respec-)-3.686 F -(ti)180 556.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.378(.T)-.65 G .377 -(he shell assigns an)-5.378 F 2.877(yn)-.15 G .377(umeric ar)-2.877 F -.377(gument the user supplied to the)-.18 F F3(READLINE_AR-)2.877 E -(GUMENT)180 568.8 Q F0 -.25(va)3.604 G 3.854(riable. If).25 F 1.354 -(there w)3.854 F 1.354(as no ar)-.1 F 1.354(gument, that v)-.18 F 1.354 -(ariable is not set.)-.25 F 1.355(If the e)6.355 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted) -.15 E .344(command changes the v)180 580.8 R .344(alue of an)-.25 F -2.843(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.843 E F3(READLINE_LINE)2.843 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(,)A F3(READLINE_POINT)2.593 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.593 E F3(READ-)2.843 E -(LINE_MARK)180 592.8 Q F4(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G +(va)2.625 G .375(riables to the).25 F 1.186 +(current location of the insertion point and the sa)180 592.8 R -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.685(di).15 G 1.185(nsertion point \(the mark\), respec-)-3.685 F +(ti)180 604.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.377(.T)-.65 G .377 +(he shell assigns an)-5.377 F 2.877(yn)-.15 G .377(umeric ar)-2.877 F +.377(gument the user supplied to the)-.18 F F3(READLINE_AR-)2.878 E +(GUMENT)180 616.8 Q F0 -.25(va)3.605 G 3.855(riable. If).25 F 1.355 +(there w)3.855 F 1.354(as no ar)-.1 F 1.354(gument, that v)-.18 F 1.354 +(ariable is not set.)-.25 F 1.354(If the e)6.354 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted) +.15 E .343(command changes the v)180 628.8 R .343(alue of an)-.25 F +2.843(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.843 E F3(READLINE_LINE)2.844 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(,)A F3(READLINE_POINT)2.594 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.594 E F3(READ-)2.844 E +(LINE_MARK)180 640.8 Q F4(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 -604.8 Q F0 .829(List all k)180 604.8 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +652.8 Q F0 .83(List all k)180 652.8 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 616.8 Q(The return v) -144 633.6 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 664.8 Q(The return v) +144 681.6 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 650.4 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 -(Exit from within a)144 662.4 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +E F1(br)108 698.4 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 +(Exit from within a)144 710.4 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 674.4 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 -(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -686.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 -(bu)108 703.2 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 715.2 Q .771 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .771(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 -(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e)-3.271 -F .77(xit status.)-.15 F .77(This is useful)5.77 F .615 -(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -727.2 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.2) -72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(60)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 +E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 722.4 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 +(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 +Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(60)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .57(the b)144 84 R -.57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 -F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 96 Q -(alse if)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0 -(is not a shell b)2.74 E(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 112.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 124.8 R -.254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.254(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 136.8 -Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(is 0 unless)144 84 +Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.) +2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.2(bu)108 100.8 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b) +2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 112.8 +Q .77(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .77(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F +F1(ar)3.601 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.271(,a).27 G .771(nd return its e) +-3.271 F .771(xit status.)-.15 F .771(This is useful)5.771 F .616 +(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 +124.8 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +136.8 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 148.8 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 177.6 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 +(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F2(sour)144 189.6 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 +(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 148.8 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 -(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ +.254(subroutine call.)144 201.6 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 +(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 172.8 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 184.8 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 196.8 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 225.6 R F2(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) --.25 F .93(the def)144 237.6 R 3.43(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.43 G -(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.43 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .929 -(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.18 F F2(dir) -3.779 E F0 3.429(:e).73 G(ach)-3.429 E .406(directory name in)144 249.6 -R F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 -F F2(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H +ent e)144 213.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 +(This e)144 225.6 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E +3.019(0. The)144 237.6 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 249.6 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F2<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F1 +(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 278.4 R F1(dir) +2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F1(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) +-.25 F .929(the def)144 290.4 R 3.429(ault. The)-.1 F -.25(va)3.429 G +(riable).25 E F3(CDP)3.429 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .93 +(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)3.179 F F1(dir) +3.78 E F0 3.43(:e).73 G(ach)-3.43 E .407(directory name in)144 302.4 R +F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .407(is searched for)2.657 F +F1(dir)2.907 E F0 5.407(.A)C(lternati)-5.407 E .707 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .407(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)2.907 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.407(are sepa-)2.657 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 261.6 R 3.299 +.406(are sepa-)2.656 F .799(rated by a colon \(:\).)144 314.4 R 3.299 (An)5.799 G .799(ull directory name in)-3.299 F F3(CDP)3.299 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F0 .799(is the same as the current directory)3.049 F -3.299(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.299 E -.74(``)144 273.6 S F1(.).74 E F0 -.74('') -C 5.427(.I).74 G(f)-5.427 E F2(dir)3.277 E F0(be)3.657 E .427 +3.3(,i)-.65 G(.e.,)-3.3 E -.74(``)144 326.4 S F2(.).74 E F0 -.74('')C +5.428(.I).74 G(f)-5.428 E F1(dir)3.278 E F0(be)3.658 E .428 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)2.928 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F1<ad50>2.928 E F0 .428 -(option causes)2.928 F F1(cd)2.928 E F0 .428(to use the)2.928 F(ph)144 -285.6 Q .168 +.855 E F0 .428(is not used.)2.678 F(The)5.428 E F2<ad50>2.927 E F0 .427 +(option causes)2.927 F F2(cd)2.927 E F0 .427(to use the)2.927 F(ph)144 +338.4 Q .167 (ysical directory structure by resolving symbolic links while tra)-.05 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir)2.667 E F0 .167(and before processing) -2.667 F 1.225(instances of)144 297.6 R F2(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F2 -(dir)3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F1<ad50>3.725 E F0 1.225 -(option to the)3.725 F F1(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>3.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725 -F .412(symbolic links to be follo)144 309.6 R .411 -(wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F2(..) -2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F2(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F2(..) -2.911 E F0(ap-)2.911 E .34(pears in)144 321.6 R F2(dir)2.84 E F0 2.84 -(,i)C 2.84(ti)-2.84 G 2.841(sp)-2.84 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F -.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .341(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F2(dir)2.841 E F0(,)A .176(back to a slash or the be)144 333.6 R -.176(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G -(he)-2.676 E F1<ad65>2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied with)2.675 F F1 -<ad50>2.675 E F0 2.675(,a)C .175(nd the current w)-2.675 F(ork-)-.1 E +-.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir)2.668 E F0 .168(and before processing) +2.668 F 1.225(instances of)144 350.4 R F1(..)3.725 E F0(in)3.725 E F1 +(dir)3.725 E F0 1.225(\(see also the)3.725 F F2<ad50>3.725 E F0 1.225 +(option to the)3.725 F F2(set)3.725 E F0 -.2(bu)3.725 G 1.225 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F2<ad4c>3.725 E F0 1.225(option forces)3.725 +F .411(symbolic links to be follo)144 362.4 R .411 +(wed by resolving the link after processing instances of)-.25 F F1(..) +2.911 E F0(in)2.911 E F1(dir)2.911 E F0 5.411(.I)C(f)-5.411 E F1(..) +2.912 E F0(ap-)2.912 E .341(pears in)144 374.4 R F1(dir)2.841 E F0 2.841 +(,i)C 2.841(ti)-2.841 G 2.841(sp)-2.841 G .341(rocessed by remo)-2.841 F +.341(ving the immediately pre)-.15 F .34(vious pathname component from) +-.25 F F1(dir)2.84 E F0(,)A .175(back to a slash or the be)144 386.4 R +.175(ginning of)-.15 F F1(dir)2.675 E F0 5.175(.I)C 2.675(ft)-5.175 G +(he)-2.675 E F2<ad65>2.676 E F0 .176(option is supplied with)2.676 F F2 +<ad50>2.676 E F0 2.676(,a)C .176(nd the current w)-2.676 F(ork-)-.1 E .341(ing directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful\ - directory change,)144 345.6 R F1(cd)2.841 E F0 .341(will return)2.841 F -.357(an unsuccessful status.)144 357.6 R .357 -(On systems that support it, the)5.357 F F1<ad40>2.856 E F0 .356 -(option presents the e)2.856 F .356(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E -.069(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 369.6 R 5.069(.A)-.65 G -2.569(na)-5.069 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F1<ad>2.569 E F0 -.07(is con)2.57 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .07(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.57 E F0 -.07(before the direc-)2.32 F .307(tory change is attempted.)144 381.6 R -.306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.307 F F3(CDP)2.806 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F1<ad>2.806 E F0 .306 -(is the \214rst)2.806 F(ar)144 393.6 Q .116(gument, and the directory c\ -hange is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.616(ww) --.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F .15 -(tory is written to the standard output.)144 405.6 R .15 -(If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F1(cd)2.65 E F0 .15 -(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F1(PWD)144 417.6 Q F0(en)2.957 -E .457(vironment v)-.4 F .457(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G -.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F1(OLDPWD)2.958 E F0(en)2.958 -E .458(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .126(able to the v)144 429.6 R .126 + directory change,)144 398.4 R F2(cd)2.84 E F0 .34(will return)2.84 F +.356(an unsuccessful status.)144 410.4 R .356 +(On systems that support it, the)5.356 F F2<ad40>2.857 E F0 .357 +(option presents the e)2.857 F .357(xtended attrib)-.15 F(utes)-.2 E .07 +(associated with a \214le as a directory)144 422.4 R 5.07(.A)-.65 G +2.569(na)-5.07 G -.18(rg)-2.569 G .069(ument of).18 F F2<ad>2.569 E F0 +.069(is con)2.569 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .069(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)2.569 E +F0 .069(before the direc-)2.319 F .306(tory change is attempted.)144 +434.4 R .306(If a non-empty directory name from)5.306 F F3(CDP)2.806 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .306(is used, or if)2.556 F F2<ad>2.807 E +F0 .307(is the \214rst)2.807 F(ar)144 446.4 Q .116(gument, and the dire\ +ctory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)-.18 F 2.615 +(ww)-.25 G .115(orking direc-)-2.715 F .15 +(tory is written to the standard output.)144 458.4 R .15 +(If the directory change is successful,)5.15 F F2(cd)2.65 E F0 .15 +(sets the v)2.65 F .15(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PWD)144 470.4 Q F0(en)2.958 +E .458(vironment v)-.4 F .458(ariable to the ne)-.25 F 2.958(wd)-.25 G +.458(irectory name, and sets the)-2.958 F F2(OLDPWD)2.957 E F0(en)2.957 +E .457(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E .125(able to the v)144 482.4 R .125 (alue of the current w)-.25 F .126(orking directory before the change.) --.1 F .125(The return v)5.125 F .125(alue is true if the)-.25 F -(directory w)144 441.6 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E -(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0 -(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 -470.4 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -.065(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b) -5.065 F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 -482.4 R F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502 -(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2 -(command)3.201 E F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 494.4 R -.399(ault v)-.1 F .399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -.4(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F -(If)5.4 E .175(either the)144 506.4 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 -<ad76>2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2 -(command)2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E -F0 .174(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 518.4 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F +-.1 F .126(The return v)5.126 F .126(alue is true if the)-.25 F +(directory w)144 494.4 Q(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E +(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0 +(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 +523.2 Q F1(command)2.765 E F0(with)3.335 E F1(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +.065(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b) +5.064 F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 +535.2 R F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502 +(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1 +(command)3.202 E F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 547.2 R .4 +(ault v)-.1 F .4(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) +5.399 E .174(either the)144 559.2 R F2<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 +<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F2<ad76>2.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 571.2 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F .817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 -F F1<ad56>144 530.4 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 542.4 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 554.4 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 566.4 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F1 -(compgen)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 595.2 R -F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 607.2 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 619.2 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 -<ad46>2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F -.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 631.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F2<ad56>144 583.2 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F2<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 595.2 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 +(command)144.2 607.2 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 619.2 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F2 +(compgen)108 636 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 648 R F1 +(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 E +F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 660 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 672 R .131(When using the)5.131 F F2 +<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F2<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 +F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 684 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 655.2 R .352 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 708 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -667.2 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 679.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 703.2 Q -(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(61)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +720 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 +F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(61)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -<ad6f>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad41>-2.5 E F2(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1<ad47>-2.5 E F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad57>-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(])A([)144 96 Q F1<ad46>A F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad58>-2.5 E F2 -(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 108 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho) -144 120 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2 -(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F -F1<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139 -(options are supplied, e)144 132 R .139 -(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .14 -(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 -144 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) -2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 -(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 156 R(The)6.207 E F1 -<ad44>3.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) -3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 168 R(`def)-.74 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(those completions matching)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E +(d)-.37 E F0(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 108 Q +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A +F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI) +-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad41>-2.5 E F1(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad47> +-2.5 E F1(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad57>-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(dlist) +-.37 E F0(])A([)144 136.8 Q F2<ad46>A F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<ad43>-2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad58>-2.5 E F1(\214lterpat) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E +F1(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 +160.8 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F1 +(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F +F2<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14 +(options are supplied, e)144 172.8 R .139 +(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139 +(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 +184.8 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name) +2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1 +(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 196.8 R(The)6.208 E +F2<ad44>3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 208.8 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -180 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 +220.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 (option indicates that)3.455 F .876 -(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 192 R(`empty') --.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-)-3.376 F -.447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 204 R(The)5.447 E F1<ad49> -2.947 E F0 .448 +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 232.8 R +(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) +-3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 244.8 R(The)5.447 E +F2<ad49>2.947 E F0 .447 (option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123 -(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 216 R -.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.02(limiter such as) -144 228 R F1(;)3.52 E F0(or)3.52 E F1(|)3.52 E F0 3.52(,w)C 1.021 -(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.52 F 1.021 -(If multiple options are sup-)6.021 F .708(plied, the)144 240 R F1<ad44> -3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15(ve) --.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 F -3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F1<ad49> -3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H(f).15 E -F1<ad44>3.207 E F0(,)A F1<ad45>144 252 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r)-2.603 E F1 -<ad49>2.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther) --2.603 E F2(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 +(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 256.8 R +.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021 +(limiter such as)144 268.8 R F2(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F2(|)3.521 E F0 +3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02 +(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 280.8 R F2 +<ad44>3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 +F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 +<ad49>3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H +(f).15 E F2<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>144 292.8 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r) +-2.604 E F2<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 +G(ther)-2.603 E F1(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 (guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F -(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 264 Q .153 +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 304.8 Q .152 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -288 R .152(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 300 -Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 324 R .855 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar) -5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 -E F0 3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 336 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 -<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 348 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 360 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +328.8 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 +340.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 364.8 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 +(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055 +(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) +144 376.8 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E +F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 388.8 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 400.8 Q +F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 412.8 Q F1(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 384 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 396 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 408 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 -.281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 420 Q -F1(default)184 432 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 432 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G -(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 424.8 Q F1 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 436.8 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 448.8 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E +F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 +460.8 Q F2(default)184 472.8 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 472.8 R 5.376 +(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 444 Q F1(dir)184 456 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 468 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -480 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 504 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 -(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 516 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 528 Q F1(noquote) -184 540 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 540 S .814 +224 484.8 Q F2(dir)184 496.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ +ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 508.8 Q F2 +(\214lenames)184 520.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 532.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ +e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c> +-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 544.8 R +2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) +-2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 +556.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 568.8 Q +F2(noquote)184 580.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 552 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 564 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 564 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 576 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 576 S -.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 588 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 600 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 600 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 592.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F2(nosort)184 604.8 Q +F0 -.7(Te)224 604.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ +letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F2(nospace)184 616.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) +224 616.8 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 +(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 +628.8 Q F2(plusdirs)184 640.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 640.8 R 4.485(ym) +-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 612 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 624 -Q F1<ad41>144 636 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 648 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 -(may be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -660 Q F0(Alias names.)224 660 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 672 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 684 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 696 Q(Readline)224 696 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 708 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 708 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 -Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(62)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 652.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 +664.8 Q F2<ad41>144 676.8 Q F1(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 688.8 Q F1 +(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F2(alias)184 +700.8 Q F0(Alias names.)224 700.8 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F2 +<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(62) +198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(command)184 84 Q F0(Command names.)224 96 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 108 Q -(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 120 Q(May also be speci\214ed as) -5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 132 Q F0 -(Names of disabled shell b)224 144 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 156 Q -F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 156 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 168 Q -F0(Names of e)224 168 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 180 Q -F0(File names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(function)184 192 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 204 Q F1(gr) -184 216 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 216 Q +SF(arrayv)184 84 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 96 Q(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 +(binding)184 108 Q(Readline)224 108 Q F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G +(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 120 S(iltin).2 E F0 +(Names of shell b)224 120 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 132 +Q F0(Command names.)224 144 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 156 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 168 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 180 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 192 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +204 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 204 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +216 Q F0(Names of e)224 216 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 +228 Q F0(File names.)224 228 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 240 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 252 +Q F1(gr)184 264 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 264 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -228 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 240 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 252 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 264 +276 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 288 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 300 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 312 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 276 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 288 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 300 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 324 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 324 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 336 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 348 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -312 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 312 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 324 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 324 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 336 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 336 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 +360 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 360 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 372 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 372 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 384 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 384 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 348 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 348 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 360 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 360 Q F1(stopped)184 372 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 384 Q F0(User names.)224 384 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 396 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 396 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 408 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 420 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 -(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 432 Q F1<ad46>144 444 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 456 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +(shopt)184 396 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 396 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 408 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 408 Q F1(stopped)184 420 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 420 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 432 Q F0(User names.)224 432 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 444 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 444 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 456 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 468 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F 2.5 +(completions. Ar)184 480 R(guments are passed as with the)-.18 E F1 +<ad46>2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E F1<ad46>144 492 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 504 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 468 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 516 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 480 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 528 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 492 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 504 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 516 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1<ad47>144 528 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 540 R -1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q -F1<ad50>144 564 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 576 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 540 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 552 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 564 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1<ad47>144 576 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 588 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 600 Q +F1<ad50>144 612 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 624 Q(e\214x)-.37 E +F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 588 Q F1<ad53>144 600 Q F3(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 600 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 636 Q F1<ad53>144 648 Q F3(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 648 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 612 Q F3(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 624 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 -(each resultant w)184 636 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) --.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 -E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 648 Q .765 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 660 Q F3(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 672 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 +(each resultant w)184 684 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 696 Q .766 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 660 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 708 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.465 F(match the w)184 672 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 684 -Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 696 Q F0 .455 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 708 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 720 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(63) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +6.464 F(match the w)184 720 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(63)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(in this case, an) -184 84 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.) -.15 E .467(The return v)144 100.8 R .467(alue is true unless an in)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.4 G .466(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>2.966 E F0(or)2.966 E F2<ad72>2.966 E F0 -.466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361(plied without a)144 112.8 R F1(name)3.861 E -F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15 -(ve a c)-.15 H 1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F1(name)144 -124.8 Q F0(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad58>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat) +184 96 Q F0 .456(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956 +(xpansion. It)-.15 F .455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F +1.596(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 108 R +1.596(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 120 Q F2 +(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 +G .704(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!) +3.204 E F0(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 +G .704(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 132 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 148.8 R .466 +(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 160.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 172.8 Q F0 +(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F2(compopt)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 153.6 -R F1(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F1(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 165.6 R F1(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 177.6 Q F1(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) -5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F1(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) --5.178 E F2<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178 +F1(compopt)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 201.6 +R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 213.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 225.6 Q F2(name) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 237.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +-5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178 (option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F -1.228(the `)144 201.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.227(the `)144 249.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 213.6 R 2.038 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F2<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039 -(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 -(should apply to `)144 225.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 +no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 261.6 R 2.039 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538 +(should apply to `)144 273.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) --4.039 F(The)144 237.6 Q F2<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ +-4.038 F(The)144 285.6 Q F1<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\ her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 -F .868(assignment w)144 249.6 R .868 -(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F2(;)3.368 -E F0(or)3.368 E F2(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) --3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 261.6 Q .431(The return v)144 285.6 R +F .867(assignment w)144 297.6 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-) +-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 309.6 Q .432(The return v)144 333.6 R .431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F -(tions for a)144 297.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(tions for a)144 345.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 314.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .851(Resume the ne)144 326.4 R .851 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.351 G(r).25 E F0(,)A -F2(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2 -(select)3.35 E F0 3.35(loop. If)3.35 F F1(n)3.71 E F0 .85 -(is speci\214ed, re-)3.59 F .203(sume at the)144 338.4 R F1(n)2.703 E F0 -.203(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.563 E F0 .203(must be)2.943 F/F3 10 -/Symbol SF<b3>2.703 E F0 2.704(1. If)2.703 F F1(n)3.064 E F0 .204 -(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.944 F 1.184 -(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 350.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G(l').15 E 3.684('l)-.74 G 1.184(oop\) is resumed.)-3.684 F 1.183 -(The return v)6.184 F 1.183(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.683 E F0 -1.183(is not)3.683 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 362.4 Q F2(declar) -108 379.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F2(typeset)108 391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 -2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 403.2 R 1.264 -(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F -3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 -(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v) --3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 415.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 -F F2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 -(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 -G(hen)-5.96 E F2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 427.2 Q F1 -(name)2.774 E F0(ar)2.774 E .274 -(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F2<ad66>2.775 E F0(and) -2.775 E F2<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) -5.275 E F2<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F(without)144 439.2 Q -F1(name)3.79 E F0(ar)3.79 E 1.29(guments, it will display the attrib) --.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.289(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.289 -(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.289(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 451.2 Q .38 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 362.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 374.4 R .85 +(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A +F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1 +(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F2(n)3.711 E F0 .851 +(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 386.4 R F2(n)2.704 E +F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F2(n)3.063 E F0 .203 +(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183 +(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 398.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184 +(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 410.4 Q F1(declar) +108 427.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgiIlnrtux)A F0 +2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 +2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 451.2 R 1.265 +(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F +3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265 +(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v) +-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 463.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25 +F F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96 +(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18 +G(hen)-5.96 E F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 475.2 Q F2 +(name)2.775 E F0(ar)2.775 E .275 +(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1<ad66>2.775 E F0(and) +2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When) +5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied)2.774 F(without)144 487.2 Q +F2(name)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289(guments, it will display the attrib) +-.18 F 1.289(utes and v)-.2 F 1.29(alues of all v)-.25 F 1.29 +(ariables ha)-.25 F 1.29(ving the at-)-.2 F(trib)144 499.2 Q .38 (utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 F .38 -(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F2<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F2 -(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.107(display the attrib)144 -463.2 R 1.107(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>3.606 E F0 1.106 -(option will restrict the display to)3.606 F .299(shell functions.)144 -475.2 R(The)5.299 E F2<ad46>2.799 E F0 .299(option inhibits the display\ - of function de\214nitions; only the function name)2.799 F 1.54 -(and attrib)144 487.2 R 1.54(utes are printed.)-.2 F 1.54(If the)6.54 F -F2(extdeb)4.04 E(ug)-.2 E F0 1.54(shell option is enabled using)4.04 F -F2(shopt)4.04 E F0 4.04(,t)C 1.54(he source \214le)-4.04 F .648 -(name and line number where each)144 499.2 R F1(name)3.148 E F0 .648 -(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)3.148 F(The)5.648 E F2<ad46>3.148 E -F0 .649(option implies)3.149 F F2<ad66>144 511.2 Q F0 5.837(.T)C(he) --5.837 E F2<ad67>3.337 E F0 .837(option forces v)3.337 F .836 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.38 F F1<ad70>2.88 E F0(,)A F1 +(declar)2.88 E(e)-.18 E F0(will)2.88 E 1.106(display the attrib)144 +511.2 R 1.106(utes and v)-.2 F 1.106(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.606 +(ariables. 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The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 715.2 Q(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(64)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 703.2 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 715.2 +Q F0(Gi)180 715.2 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 +(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +(ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E +1.518(That other v)180 727.2 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 +F 1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(64)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0(Mak)180 84 Q(e)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name) -3.654 E F0 3.654(sr)C(eadonly)-3.654 E 6.154(.T)-.65 G 1.154 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-6.154 F 1.155 -(alues by subsequent as-)-.25 F(signment statements or unset.)180 96 Q -F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 -(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E -2.929(ute. 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The)180 144 R(lo)2.5 -E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 156 Q -F0(Mark)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .144 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R 2.643(ft)-.25 G .143 -(he attrib)-2.643 F .143(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .143 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(+A)2.643 E F0 -.143(may not)2.643 F .578(be used to destro)144 184.8 R 3.079(ya)-.1 G -.579(rray v)-3.079 F .579(ariables and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.079 E F0 .579 +(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. 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When)-.2 F .579(used in a)3.079 F(function,)144 196.8 Q F1 -(declar)3.544 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.544 E F1(typeset)3.544 E F0(mak)3.544 -E 3.544(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.544 E F2(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(local, as with the)3.543 F F1(local)3.543 E F0 1.043 -(command, unless the)3.543 F F1<ad67>3.543 E F0 1.205 -(option is supplied.)144 208.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.705 +F 3.079(ute. When)-.2 F .578(used in a)3.078 F(function,)144 232.8 Q F2 +(declar)3.543 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.543 E F2(typeset)3.543 E F0(mak)3.543 +E 3.543(ee)-.1 G(ach)-3.543 E F1(name)3.543 E F0 1.043 +(local, as with the)3.543 F F2(local)3.544 E F0 1.044 +(command, unless the)3.544 F F2<ad67>3.544 E F0 1.205 +(option is supplied.)144 244.8 R 1.205(If a v)6.205 F 1.205 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.205(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 3.705 (,t)C 1.205(he v)-3.705 F 1.205(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.205 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)144 220.8 Q F0 5.218(.W)C .218 -(hen using)-5.218 F F1<ad61>2.718 E F0(or)2.718 E F1<ad41>2.718 E F0 -.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .217 -(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 232.8 R .882 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)144 256.8 Q F0 5.217(.W)C .217 +(hen using)-5.217 F F2<ad61>2.717 E F0(or)2.717 E F2<ad41>2.717 E F0 +.217(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)2.717 F .218 +(ariables, addi-)-.25 F .882(tional attrib)144 268.8 R .882 (utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.382(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.382 G .882 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .882(The return v)5.882 F .882 -(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 244.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .366(lid optio\ +(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .365(lid optio\ n is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using).25 F -/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .365(\255f foo=bar)2.865 F F0 2.865(,a)C 2.865(na) --2.865 G(t-)-2.865 E .548(tempt is made to assign a v)144 256.8 R .548 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .549 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .549(alue to an)-.25 F -1.749(array v)144 268.8 R 1.749 -(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)4.248 E F0(abo)4.248 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.748(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)144 280.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.858 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F +/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .366(\255f foo=bar)2.866 F F0 2.866(,a)C 2.866(na) +-2.866 G(t-)-2.866 E .549(tempt is made to assign a v)144 292.8 R .549 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .548 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .548(alue to an)-.25 F +1.748(array v)144 304.8 R 1.748 +(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F F2 +(Arrays)4.249 E F0(abo)4.249 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.749(\), one of the).15 F +F1(names)144 316.8 Q F0 .359(is not a v)2.859 F .359(alid shell v)-.25 F .359(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.859(fr)-.25 G -.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.213(only v)144 292.8 R 1.213 +.359(eadonly status for a read-)-2.859 F 1.212(only v)144 328.8 R 1.213 (ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.713(fa)-.25 G 1.213 -(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.212(ariable, or an attempt is) --.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 304.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E -F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 321.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][) -C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .328 +(rray status for an array v)-3.713 F 1.213(ariable, or an attempt is) +-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 340.8 Q(xistent function with)-.15 E +F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 357.6 Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][) +C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F2(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 369.6 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 345.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 357.6 Q -F0 .927(command; the)3.427 F F1(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 +.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 381.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 393.6 Q +F0 .928(command; the)3.428 F F2(popd)3.428 E F0 .928(command remo)3.428 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.428(se).15 G .928(ntries from the list.)-3.428 F .928 -(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 369.6 S -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 381.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q -F1<ad6c>144 393.6 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .881 +(The current directory is al-)5.928 F -.1(wa)144 405.6 S +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 417.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 417.6 Q +F2<ad6c>144 429.6 Q F0 .881 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 429.6 R .882 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 417.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 417.6 Q F1<ad76> -144 429.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 465.6 Q F1<ad>144 477.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 477.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +441.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 453.6 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 453.6 Q F2<ad76> +144 465.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 465.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 +(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 477.6 Q F2(+)144 489.6 Q F1(n)A F0 +1.564(Displays the)180 489.6 R F1(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 501.6 Q F2<ad>144 513.6 Q F1 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 513.6 R F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .258(The return v)144 -506.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 525.6 Q .257(The return v)144 +542.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F1(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 518.4 Q F1(diso)108 535.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .121 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 554.4 Q F2(diso)108 571.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F1(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 583.2 S .122 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 559.2 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F1(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 595.2 R F2<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F2<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F1(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 <ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 583.2 R -.15 +.15 F F1(jobspec)145.74 607.2 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 619.2 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +(If no)5.462 F F1(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 <ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1 -<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 631.2 R F2 +<ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F1(jobspec)5.599 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 643.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F1 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 +F2(echo)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 672 R F1(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144 -660 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -5.198 E F1<ad45>2.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067 -(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 +(error occurs.)144 684 R(If)5.308 E F2<ad6e>2.808 E F0 .308 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .307(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .197(pretation of the follo)144 +696 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +5.198 E F2<ad45>2.698 E F0 .198(option disables the in-)2.698 F .067 +(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567 -(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1 -(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F0 .602 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102 -F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658 -(escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 .659 -(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-) --.2 E(prets the follo)144 708 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(65)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.567(ault. The)-.1 F F2 +(xpg_echo)144 720 Q F0 .601 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.101 +F F2(echo)3.102 E F0 -.15(ex)3.102 G .602(pands these).15 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(65)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F1(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace) -180 96 Q F1(\\c)144 108 Q F0(suppress further output)180 108 Q F1(\\e) -144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F0(an escape character)180 132 Q F1(\\f)144 144 -Q F0(form feed)180 144 Q F1(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)180 156 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G -(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q F0(carriage return)180 168 Q F1(\\t)144 180 -Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0(backslash)180 204 Q F1(\\0)144 -216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) -180 216 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .659 +(escape characters by def)144 84 R(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(echo)5.659 E F0 .659(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.658 E F0(inter)3.158 E(-) +-.2 E(prets the follo)144 96 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 +108 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 108 Q F1(\\b)144 120 Q F0(backspace)180 120 +Q F1(\\c)144 132 Q F0(suppress further output)180 132 Q F1(\\e)144 144 Q +(\\E)144 156 Q F0(an escape character)180 156 Q F1(\\f)144 168 Q F0 +(form feed)180 168 Q F1(\\n)144 180 Q F0(ne)180 180 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine) +-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 192 Q F0(carriage return)180 192 Q F1(\\t)144 204 Q F0 +(horizontal tab)180 204 Q F1(\\v)144 216 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 216 S +(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 228 Q F0(backslash)180 228 Q F1(\\0)144 +240 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) +180 240 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 252 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 252 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.506 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(enable)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 264 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 +1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 276 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 288 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 300 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 312 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 324 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +-2.5 E F1(enable)108 340.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 352.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(the same name as a shell b)144 364.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 -(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648 -(abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) +(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 376.8 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99 +(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F .649 +(abled; otherwise,)144 388.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.) 3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b) -144 376.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 +SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.898 E .538(stead of the shell b) +144 400.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E -F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S +F0 .539(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 412.8 S 1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object) 4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .607(Bash will use the v) -144 400.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F .606(Bash will use the v) +144 424.8 R .606(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)3.106 G(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.25(va)3.106 G .606 -(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .548 -(directories in which to search for)144 412.8 R F2(\214lename)3.048 E F0 -5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .549(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F -(The)5.549 E F1<ad64>3.049 E F0 .549(option will)3.049 F .547 -(delete a b)144 424.8 R .547(uiltin pre)-.2 F .547(viously loaded with) --.25 F F1<ad66>3.047 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 +(riable as a colon-separated list of).25 F .549 +(directories in which to search for)144 436.8 R F2(\214lename)3.049 E F0 +5.549(.T)C .549(he def)-5.549 F .548(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 F +(The)5.548 E F1<ad64>3.048 E F0 .548(option will)3.048 F .546 +(delete a b)144 448.8 R .546(uiltin pre)-.2 F .546(viously loaded with) +-.25 F F1<ad66>3.046 E F0 5.547(.I)C 3.047(fn)-5.547 G(o)-3.047 E F2 (name)3.047 E F0(ar)3.047 E .547(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.546(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.046 E F0 .546(option is)3.046 F .545 -(supplied, a list of shell b)144 436.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F --.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .546 -(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 448.8 +.547(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is)3.047 F .546 +(supplied, a list of shell b)144 460.8 R .545(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F +-.4(Wi)5.545 G .545(th no other option ar).4 F .545 +(guments, the list consists of all)-.18 F .695(enabled shell b)144 472.8 R 3.195(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.195 E F0 .695 (is supplied, only disabled b)3.195 F .695(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .261 -(list printed includes all b)144 460.8 R .261 +(If)5.695 E F1<ad61>3.195 E F0 .695(is supplied, the)3.195 F .262 +(list printed includes all b)144 484.8 R .261 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is enabled.)-.2 F -(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .262(is sup-)2.762 F .269 -(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 472.8 R F2(special) -2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .268 -(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.768 E F0 .284 -(is not a shell b)144 484.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 +(If)5.261 E F1<ad73>2.761 E F0 .261(is sup-)2.761 F .268 +(plied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)144 496.8 R F2(special) +2.768 E F0 -.2(bu)2.768 G 2.768(iltins. If).2 F .269 +(no options are supplied and a)2.768 F F2(name)2.769 E F0 .285 +(is not a shell b)144 508.8 R(uiltin,)-.2 E F1(enable)2.784 E F0 .284 (will attempt to load)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 .284 -(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.785 E F0 2.785(,a)C 2.785 -(si)-2.785 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G(he)-2.785 E 1.41(command were)144 496.8 R +(from a shared object named)2.784 F F2(name)2.784 E F0 2.784(,a)C 2.784 +(si)-2.784 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G(he)-2.784 E 1.41(command were)144 520.8 R F4 1.41(enable \255f)3.91 F F2 1.41(name name)3.91 F F0 6.41(.T)3.91 G 1.41(he return v)-6.41 F 1.41(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)4.27 E -F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 508.8 S +F0 1.41(is not a shell)4.09 F -.2(bu)144 532.8 S (iltin or there is an error loading a ne).2 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G -(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 525.6 T(l).15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 537.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E -(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 549.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no) --2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 561.6 Q +(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 549.6 T(l).15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 561.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 +E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 573.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.478(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .478 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.979 H(l).15 E F0 5.479(.I)C 2.979(ft)-5.479 G .479(here are no) +-2.979 F F2(ar)3.309 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 585.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 590.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 602.4 R .177 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 614.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 626.4 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 614.4 R .48(gument passed to) +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 638.4 R .48(gument passed to) -.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo) 3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0 -.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 626.4 Q F0 .639 -(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 650.4 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 638.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 662.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 650.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F -.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 662.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 674.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 686.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 674.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0 --.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288 -(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak) --2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 686.4 Q +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 698.4 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) +-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 710.4 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 703.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 703.2 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 715.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 -E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(66)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29) +149.005 E(66)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(export)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1 -(export \255p)108 96 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 108 R F2(names)3.117 E -F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257 -(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 120 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66> -2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2 -(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2 -(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the) -.15 F F1<ad70>144 132 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.547 E F0 -.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 144 S 1.446 -(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +SF(exit)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .096 +(Cause the shell to e)144 84 R .096(xit with a status of)-.15 F F2(n) +2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095(is omitted, the e) +2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 +96 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0 +(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1 +(export)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 124.8 Q F0 +.256(The supplied)144 136.8 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 +(commands. If)144 148.8 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> +144 160.8 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +<ad6e>2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 172.8 S +1.447(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 156 S .742(lue of the v).25 -F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 -(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F1<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 180 Q F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 184.8 S .741(lue of the v) +.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 196.8 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 208.8 Q F1(fc)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 220.8 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 249.6 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 244.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) --.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 -(is used as an of)144 256.8 R .071 +144 273.6 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .071 +(is used as an of)144 285.6 R .071 (fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F .071(When listing, a) 5.071 F F2<8c72>2.571 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.571 E F2(last)2.571 E F0 .071 (of 0 is equi)2.571 F -.25(va)-.25 G(-).25 E .653 -(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 268.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653 +(lent to \2551 and \2550 is equi)144 297.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .653 (lent to the current command \(usually the).25 F F1(fc)3.153 E F0 .653 -(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242 +(command\); otherwise 0 is)3.153 F(equi)144 309.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .242 (lent to \2551 and \2550 is in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.742(lid. If).25 F F2(last)2.832 E F0 .242 (is not speci\214ed, it is set to the current command for list-)3.422 F -.093(ing \(so that)144 292.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .093(fc \255l \25510) -2.593 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.593 F F2<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E -F0 .092(is not speci-)3.272 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 304.8 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 328.8 +.092(ing \(so that)144 321.6 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092(fc \255l \25510) +2.592 F F0 .093(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.592 F F2<8c72> +4.503 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.593(otherwise. If)3.273 F F2<8c72>4.503 E(st)-.1 E +F0 .093(is not speci-)3.273 F(\214ed, it is set to the pre)144 333.6 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 357.6 Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 340.8 R .438(If the) +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 369.6 R .438(If the) 5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.335(the editor gi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 364.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631 -(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR) --.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63 -(If nei-)5.63 F .005(ther v)144 376.8 R .005(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2 -(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 +F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 393.6 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E +F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 +F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .006(ther v)144 405.6 R .006 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F -(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 388.8 Q .789(In the second form,)144 412.8 R F2 +(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 417.6 Q .788(In the second form,)144 441.6 R F2 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 424.8 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F2<8c72> -2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F3 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F -F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 436.8 Q F3 7.166 -(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) -3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 448.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 -472.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 453.6 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> +2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 +2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 465.6 Q F4 7.165 +(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F +(mand.)144 477.6 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 +501.6 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 484.8 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 513.6 R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 -(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 520.8 Q +537.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 549.6 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 549.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 578.4 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 561.6 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G -.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 573.6 Q -.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 585.6 Q +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 590.4 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 602.4 Q +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 614.4 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F1(getopts)108 602.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 614.4 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 626.4 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +F1(getopts)108 631.2 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 643.2 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 655.2 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 667.2 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 650.4 R .636 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 679.2 R .636 (Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03 -(tion in the shell v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 2.53 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.53 E F2(name)2.89 E F0 .029(if it does not e) -2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G -.029(he ne)-2.529 F .029(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .065 -(ment to be processed into the v)144 674.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND) -2.565 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.565 E F0 .066 +3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .635(xt op-)-.15 F .029 +(tion in the shell v)144 691.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 2.529 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-2.529 E F2(name)2.889 E F0 .029(if it does not e) +2.709 F .03(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.53(xo)-.15 G 2.53(ft)-2.53 G .03 +(he ne)-2.53 F .03(xt ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .066 +(ment to be processed into the v)144 703.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND) +2.566 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.566 E F0 .065 (is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a)2.315 F .885 -(shell script is in)144 686.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) +(shell script is in)144 715.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.385(d. When) .1 F .885(an option requires an ar)3.385 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts) -3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .566 -(the v)144 698.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.066 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 -.566(The shell does not reset)5.066 F F4(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .567 -(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39 -(between multiple calls to)144 710.4 R F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39 -(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F -2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 722.4 -Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(67)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +3.385 E F0 .885(places that ar)3.385 F .885(gument into)-.18 F .567 +(the v)144 727.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.067 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0 +.566(The shell does not reset)5.067 F F3(OPTIND)3.066 E F0 .566 +(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(67)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.043 -(When the end of options is encountered,)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F -2.044(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 96 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .389 +(between multiple calls to)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)2.889 +E F0 .389(within the same shell in)2.889 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .39 +(cation if a ne).2 F 2.89(ws)-.25 G .39(et of parameters is to)-2.89 F +(be used.)144 96 Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 120 +R F1(getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F +2.043(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)144 132 Q F0(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(name)2.5 E F0(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 120 Q F0 .485 +SF(name)2.5 E F0(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .485 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485 (ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F3(ar)3.315 E -(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 132 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E F0 -(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 156 Q F0 .345 +(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 168 Q F1(getopts)2.5 E F0 +(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 192 Q F0 .345 (can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F .345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F3(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345 -(is a colon,)3.065 F F3(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669 -(porting is used.)144 168 R 1.668 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 180 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +(is a colon,)3.065 F F3(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.668 +(porting is used.)144 204 R 1.668 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.668 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.669(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 216 +R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 +(will be displayed, e)144 228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F3(optstring)2.73 E F0(is 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E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.) +2.25 E F1(getopts)144 348 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 324 Q F1(hash)108 340.8 +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 360 Q F1(hash)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 352.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +(Each time)144 388.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F3(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 364.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 400.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 376.8 -R F1<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F3 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 -(of the command.)144 388.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 412.8 +R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F3 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F .615 +(of the command.)144 424.8 R(The)5.615 E F1<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615 (option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615 (get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F1<ad64>3.115 E F0 -(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 400.8 R .293 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F3(name)2.794 E F0 5.294(.I) -C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1<ad74>2.794 E F0 .294 -(option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 -412.8 R F3(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 +(op-)3.115 E .294(tion causes the shell to for)144 436.8 R .294 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F3(name)2.793 E F0 5.293(.I) +C 2.793(ft)-5.293 G(he)-2.793 E F1<ad74>2.793 E F0 .293 +(option is supplied,)2.793 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144 +448.8 R F3(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028 (If multiple)5.028 F F3(name)2.528 E F0(ar)2.528 E .028 -(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 424.8 R F1<ad74>2.675 E F0 -2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F3(name)2.675 E F0 .175 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F1 -<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F .783 -(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 436.8 R .783 +(guments are sup-)-.18 F .176(plied with)144 460.8 R F1<ad74>2.676 E F0 +2.676(,t)C(he)-2.676 E F3(name)2.676 E F0 .175 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.676 F(The)5.175 E F1 +<ad6c>2.675 E F0 .175(option causes output to)2.675 F .783 +(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 472.8 R .783 (If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783 (n, or if only).15 F F1<ad6c>3.283 E F0(is)3.283 E .807 -(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 448.8 R -.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F3(name)144.36 460.8 Q +(supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)144 484.8 R +.807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F F3(name)144.36 496.8 Q F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 -489.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F3(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .223(help on all commands matching)144 -501.6 R F3(pattern)3.973 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .224 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 513.6 Q F1 -<ad64>144 525.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 525.6 Q F3 -(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 537.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 537.6 Q F3(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 549.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 549.6 Q F3(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 566.4 Q F3 -(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 583.2 Q F3(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 595.2 Q(history \255d)108 607.2 Q F3(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255d)108 619.2 Q F3(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F3(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 643.2 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 655.2 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g) +.25 E F1(help)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 +525.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F3(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .224(help on all commands matching)144 +537.6 R F3(pattern)3.974 E F0 2.723(;o).24 G .223 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.723 F .223 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 549.6 Q F1 +<ad64>144 561.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 561.6 Q F3 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 573.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 573.6 Q F3(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 585.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 585.6 Q F3(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 602.4 Q F3 +(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 619.2 Q F3(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 631.2 Q(history \255d)108 643.2 Q F3(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 655.2 Q F3(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F3(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 679.2 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 691.2 Q F3(ar)2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -667.2 S .752 +703.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 679.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 715.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F3(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F3(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.881 E(MA)144 691.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F3 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 703.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G -3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 -(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 715.2 R(If)5.176 E F3(\214lename) -2.676 E F0 .176 -(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 727.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) -2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(68) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +2.88 E(MA)144 727.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 1.491 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)3.741 F F3 +(strftime)3.992 E F0 1.492(\(3\) to display the time stamp)B +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(68)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad63>144 84 Q F0(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.) -180 84 Q F1<ad64>144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .389(Delete the history entry at position)180 108 R F2(of)2.889 E -(fset)-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389 -(is ne)2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89 -(ti)-2.89 G 2.89(si)-2.89 G .39(nterpreted as relati)-2.89 F -.15(ve) --.25 G .599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 120 -R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 132 Q 2.5(,a) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .379 +(associated with each displayed history entry)144 84 R 5.379(.N)-.65 G +2.878(oi)-5.379 G(nterv)-2.878 E .378 +(ening blank is printed between the format-)-.15 F .814 +(ted time stamp and the history line.)144 96 R(If)5.814 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)3.314 E F0 .814 +(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history)3.314 F +(\214le; if not, the v)144 108 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<ad63>144 120 Q F0(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.) +180 120 Q F3<ad64>144 132 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 144 R F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 +E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F1(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889 +G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 156 R -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 168 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G -(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -<ad64>144 144 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 1.25 -(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 156 R F2 -(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F2(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E --.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 168 -Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F2(start) -2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61>144 180 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 180 -R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564 -(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 192 Q -(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 204 Q +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F3(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F3 +<ad64>144 180 Q F1(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F1(end)A F0 1.25 +(Delete the range of history entries between positions)180 192 R F1 +(start)3.75 E F0(and)3.75 E F1(end)3.75 E F0 3.75(,i)C(nclusi)-3.75 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G 6.25(.P).15 G(ositi)-6.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(and ne)180 204 +Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E F1(start) +2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(end)2.5 E F0(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3<ad61>144 216 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 216 +R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564 +(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 228 Q +(ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3<ad6e>144 240 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 204 R .773 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 216 R -.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E -(sion.)180 228 Q F1<ad72>144 240 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 240 Q F1<ad77> -144 252 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 -252 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 264 Q F0 .625 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 264 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 276 R .475 -(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) + into the current history list.)180 240 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 252 R +.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +(sion.)180 264 Q F3<ad72>144 276 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ +\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 276 Q F3<ad77> +144 288 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 +288 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F3<ad70>144 300 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 300 R(wing)-.25 E F1(ar) +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +2.975(output. Does)180 312 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 288 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 300 Q F0 .362 -(Store the)180 300 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 312 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 328.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(normal history e)180 324 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3<ad73>144 336 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)180 336 R F1(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 348 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 364.8 R F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 340.8 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 -(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 352.8 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .832 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 364.8 R .832 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.833(.T)-.65 G .833(he return v)-5.833 F -.833(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 376.8 S .168(lid option\ +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 376.8 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 388.8 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .833 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 400.8 R .833 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 5.832(.T)-.65 G .832(he return v)-5.832 F +.832(alue is 0 unless an in-)-.25 F -.25(va)144 412.8 S .168(lid option\ is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \ -\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.668 E(f-)-.18 E(set) -144 388.8 Q F0 .34(or range is supplied as an ar)2.84 F .34(gument to) --.18 F F1<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.841(rt)-2.841 G .341 -(he history e)-2.841 F .341(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .341 -(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad70>144 400.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs) -108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ]) -2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 429.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E -(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 441.6 Q .3 +\214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(of)2.669 E(f-)-.18 E(set) +144 424.8 Q F0 .341(or range is supplied as an ar)2.841 F .341 +(gument to)-.18 F F3<ad64>2.841 E F0 2.841(,o)C 2.84(rt)-2.841 G .34 +(he history e)-2.84 F .34(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F .34 +(gument to)-.18 F F3<ad70>144 436.8 Q F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F3(jobs) +108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ]) +2.5 E F3(jobs \255x)108 465.6 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E +(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 477.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 453.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 453.6 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 465.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 465.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 477.6 Q F1<ad70> -144 489.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 489.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 501.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 501.6 Q F1<ad73>144 513.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 513.6 Q(If)144 530.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 -E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 542.4 Q -.25 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6c>144 489.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 489.6 Q F3 +<ad6e>144 501.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 501.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 513.6 Q F3<ad70> +144 525.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 525.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3<ad72>144 537.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 537.6 Q F3<ad73>144 549.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 549.6 Q(If)144 566.4 Q F1(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 578.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 559.2 R F1 -<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 571.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) +E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 595.2 R F3 +<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 607.2 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) 2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 -E F1(kill)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 -<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 600 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 -E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by) -144 612 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 -(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F2 -(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.828 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 624 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 636 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0 -.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec) -3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 -(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 648 R -F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 +E F3(kill)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad73>A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3 +<ad6e>2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3<ad>2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F3 +(kill \255l)108 636 Q F0(|)A F3<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 +E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017(Send the signal named by) +144 648 R F1(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F1(signum)2.857 E F0 .017 +(to the processes named by)2.837 F F1(pid)3.767 E F0(or)3.287 E F1 +(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)2.827 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 660 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F2(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F2(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 672 Q F1(signum)3.268 E F0 +.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F1(sigspec) +3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F2(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427 +(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144 684 R +F3<ad6c>2.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F -F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 660 -R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144 -672 R F1<ad6c>3.3 E F0 .8 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 684 R -(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 -(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 696 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(69)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +F3<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, the names of).15 F .12(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 696 R +.119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E +F1 -.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to) +144 708 R F3<ad6c>3.299 E F0 .799 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 720 R +(The)5.962 E F3<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .962(lent to).25 F F3<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F3(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(69)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 70 70 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(let)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 96 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .196(ARITHMETIC EV) -2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 108 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(successfully sent, or f)144 84 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 E +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(let)108 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 112.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 +.196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .197(ARITHMETIC EV) +2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 124.8 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar) --2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 153.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar) +-2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2 (name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E -F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F -(an)144 148.8 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 -(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) -C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F +(an)144 165.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652 +(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -160.8 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +177.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 172.8 R F1 -(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509 -(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.17(ing the)144 184.8 R F1(set)3.67 -E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.171 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.171 -(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.381(turns. The)144 196.8 R .881 -(restore is ef)3.381 F .881(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 -E F0 .88(commands were e)3.38 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .88 -(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .787 -(that were in place before the function.)144 208.8 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 -(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .788(writes a list of local v) -3.288 F .788(ariables to)-.25 F .655(the standard output.)144 220.8 R -.654(It is an error to use)5.655 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 -(when not within a function.)3.154 F .654(The return status is 0)5.654 F -(unless)144 232.8 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) +(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 189.6 R F1 +(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51 +(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.171(ing the)144 201.6 R F1(set) +3.671 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.17 +(alues when the function re-)-.25 F 3.38(turns. The)144 213.6 R .88 +(restore is ef)3.38 F .88(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)3.381 E +F0 .881(commands were e)3.381 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .881 +(cuted to restore the v).15 F(alues)-.25 E .788 +(that were in place before the function.)144 225.6 R -.4(Wi)5.788 G .788 +(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.288 E F0 .787(writes a list of local v) +3.288 F .787(ariables to)-.25 F .654(the standard output.)144 237.6 R +.654(It is an error to use)5.654 F F1(local)3.154 E F0 .654 +(when not within a function.)3.154 F .655(The return status is 0)5.654 F +(unless)144 249.6 Q F1(local)2.5 E F0(is used outside a function, an in) 2.5 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 -249.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 249.6 Q F1(map\214le)108 266.4 Q F0 +266.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 266.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 283.2 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73> -2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75> -2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 278.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 295.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2 (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .158(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 290.4 R +(])A .159(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 -(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F2(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 302.4 -R F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 +(arr)2.989 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 319.2 +R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 326.4 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 326.4 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 338.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.249 F(ha)144 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 343.2 Q F0 .911 +(The \214rst character of)180 343.2 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 355.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 350.4 Q F0(Cop)180 350.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 367.2 Q F0(Cop)180 367.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 (tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 362.4 Q F0(Be)180 -362.4 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 379.2 Q F0(Be)180 +379.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E -2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 374.4 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 374.4 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -<ad74>144 386.4 Q F0(Remo)180 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 391.2 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 391.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 403.2 Q F0(Remo)180 403.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 398.4 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 398.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 410.4 Q F0(Ev)180 -410.4 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 415.2 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 415.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 427.2 Q F0(Ev)180 +427.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 422.4 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 422.4 Q -F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 439.2 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 -.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 439.2 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 439.2 Q +F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 456 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467 +(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 451.2 R 2.761(xo)-.15 -G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 463.2 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 475.2 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 492 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 468 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G +2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be assig\ +ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 +(as additional ar)144 480 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 492 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 508.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 508.8 Q F0 .797 -(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 525.6 Q F0 .797 +(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797 (lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 520.8 S +3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 537.6 S (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 537.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 549.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092 -(se).15 G .592(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.092 F .591 -(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .664 -(directory listed by)144 561.6 R F1(dirs)3.164 E F0 5.664(.W)C .664 -(ith no ar)-6.064 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .665(he top directory from the stack, and) --3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 573.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E +F1(popd)108 554.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 566.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.091 +(se).15 G .591(ntries from the directory stack.)-3.091 F .592 +(The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the \214rst)5.591 F .665 +(directory listed by)144 578.4 R F1(dirs)3.165 E F0 5.665(.W)C .665 +(ith no ar)-6.065 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(popd)3.165 E F0(remo)3.165 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.165(st).15 G .664(he top directory from the stack, and) +-3.165 F(changes to the ne)144 590.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)-2.5 E 5(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5 G(uments, if supplied, ha).18 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 585.6 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 585.6 R .551 +H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 602.4 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 602.4 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 597.6 Q F1(+)144 609.6 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 614.4 Q F1(+)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 626.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .78 -(from the stack.)180 621.6 R -.15(Fo)5.78 G 3.28(re).15 G(xample:)-3.43 -E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 .779 -(popd +1)3.279 F F0 .779(the sec-)3.279 F(ond.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad>144 -645.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 645.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he) --3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 -657.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .094 +F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero,)-2.64 F .779 +(from the stack.)180 638.4 R -.15(Fo)5.779 G 3.279(re).15 G(xample:) +-3.429 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .779(popd +0)3.279 F F0(remo)3.279 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.279(st).15 G .779(he \214rst directory)-3.279 F(,)-.65 E F4 +.78(popd +1)3.28 F F0 .78(the sec-)3.28 F(ond.)180 650.4 Q F1<ad>144 +662.4 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 +E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho) +B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with) +-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F)180 674.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0) +2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E +(,)-.65 E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .093 (If the top element of the directory stack is modi\214ed, and the)144 -674.4 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .093(option w)2.593 F .093(as not supplied,)-.1 -F F1(popd)2.593 E F0(uses)2.593 E(the)144 686.4 Q F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.696 G .196 +691.2 R F2(-n)2.593 E F0 .094(option w)2.594 F .094(as not supplied,)-.1 +F F1(popd)2.594 E F0(uses)2.594 E(the)144 703.2 Q F1(cd)2.697 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.697 G .196 (iltin to change to the directory at the top of the stack.).2 F .196 -(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.697 -E F0 .197(returns a non-)2.697 F(zero v)144 698.4 Q(alue.)-.25 E -(Otherwise,)144 715.2 Q F1(popd)2.671 E F0 .171(returns f)2.671 F .171 -(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.67(,o) --.65 G 2.67(ra)-2.67 G(non-e)144 727.2 Q -(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 -768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(70)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(If the)5.196 F F1(cd)2.696 E F0 -.1(fa)2.696 G(ils,).1 E F1(popd)2.696 +E F0 .196(returns a non-)2.696 F(zero v)144 715.2 Q(alue.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(70)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.555(If the)144 -84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)4.055 E F0 1.555 -(command is successful, bash runs)4.055 F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556 -(to sho)4.056 F 4.056(wt)-.25 G 1.556 -(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.056 F -(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 96 Q F1(printf)108 112.8 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1<ad76>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format)2.5 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .358(Write the formatted)144 -124.8 R F2(ar)2.858 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .358 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.858 F F2(format)2.857 -E F0 5.357(.T)C(he)-5.357 E F1<ad76>2.857 E F0(op-)2.857 E .714 -(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 136.8 R(ariable)-.25 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Otherwise,)144 84 +Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(popd)2.67 E F0 .17(returns f)2.67 F .17 +(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .171 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.671(,o) +-.65 G 2.671(ra)-2.671 G(non-e)144 96 Q +(xistent directory stack entry is speci\214ed.)-.15 E 1.556(If the)144 +112.8 R F1(popd)4.056 E F0 1.556(command is successful, bash runs)4.056 +F F1(dirs)4.056 E F0 1.556(to sho)4.056 F 4.055(wt)-.25 G 1.555 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-4.055 F +(stack, and the return status is 0.)144 124.8 Q F1(printf)108 141.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(var)2.5 E F0(])A F2(format) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .357(Write the formatted) +144 153.6 R F2(ar)2.857 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .357 +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.857 F F2(format)2.858 +E F0 5.358(.T)C(he)-5.358 E F1<ad76>2.858 E F0(op-)2.858 E .714 +(tion causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 165.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(var)3.214 E F0 .714(rather than being printed to the standard)3.214 -F(output.)144 148.8 Q(The)144 172.8 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(is a ch\ +F(output.)144 177.6 Q(The)144 201.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(is a ch\ aracter string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,\ - 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The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .293(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -328.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F -.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .693 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 340.8 R -.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.194(d. If).1 F .694(no ar) -3.194 F .694(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 352.8 R -.15 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +357.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 369.6 R +.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. 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constants, e)-.18 F .464(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F -1.259(minus sign is allo)144 434.4 R 1.259 +(which usually contains more characters than the original.)144 434.4 Q +(Ar)144 451.2 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are trea\ +ted as C constants, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F +1.258(minus sign is allo)144 463.2 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 446.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 463.2 Q F2(format)2.514 E -F0 .015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.514 F F2(ar)2.515 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.515(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.515 E F2(format) -2.515 E F0 .015(requires more)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 -475.2 Q F0 .566(than are supplied, the e)3.066 F .566 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 475.2 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 492 Q F2(format)2.515 E F0 +.015(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)2.515 F F2(ar)2.515 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.015(.I)C 2.514(ft)-5.015 G(he)-2.514 E F2(format) +2.514 E F0 .014(requires more)2.514 F F2(ar)2.514 E(-)-.2 E(guments)144 +504 Q F0 .565(than are supplied, the e)3.065 F .566 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .866 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.066(si) -.15 G 3.065(faz)-3.066 G .565(ero v)-3.065 F .565(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 487.2 Q(The return v)5 E +.15 G 3.066(faz)-3.066 G .566(ero v)-3.066 F .566(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 516 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\ -ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 528 R 3.14(wt)-.25 -G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .089(stack the current w)144 540 R .089 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.089(.W)-.65 G .089(ith no ar)-5.489 F -(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.588 G .088 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.588(oe)-.1 G .088(lements of)-2.588 F -(the directory stack.)144 552 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E -.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 564 -Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating or a\ -dding directories to the)180 564 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 576 Q F1(+)144 588 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 588 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 -1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 600 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 612 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +108 532.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 544.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ +rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 556.8 R 3.139(wt) +-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .088(stack the current w)144 568.8 R .088 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.088(.W)-.65 G .088(ith no ar)-5.488 F +(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.589 E F0 -.15(ex)2.589 G .089 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.589(oe)-.1 G .089(lements of)-2.589 F +(the directory stack.)144 580.8 Q(Ar)5 E(guments, if supplied, ha)-.18 E +.3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6e>144 +592.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotatin\ +g or adding directories to the)180 592.8 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 604.8 Q F1(+)144 +616.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 616.8 R F2(n) +3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 628.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 640.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 640.8 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 636 Q F0(Adds)180 636 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 -(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435 -(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 652.8 R F1<ad6e>2.935 E -F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F1(pushd)2.934 E F0 -.434(uses the)2.934 F F1(cd)2.934 E F0 -.2(bu)2.934 G .434(iltin to).2 F -(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 664.8 Q(If the)5 E +F F1(dirs)180 652.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 664.8 Q F0(Adds)180 664.8 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0 +(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .434 +(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 681.6 R F1<ad6e>2.934 E +F0 .434(option w)2.934 F .435(as not supplied,)-.1 F 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unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .881 +(When rotating the directory stack,)144 722.4 R F1(pushd)3.381 E F0 .881 +(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-)3.381 F +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(71)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(stack.)144 84 Q/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 112.8 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -124.8 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S +(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.).15 E 1.278(If the)144 +100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278 +(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277 +(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277 +(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 112.8 Q F1 +(pwd)108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 141.6 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +153.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 136.8 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 148.8 R -.25(va) --.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 160.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108 -177.6 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 -E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E -F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E -F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 -<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E -F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A -([)108 189.6 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ -tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 201.6 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 213.6 Q -F1<ad75>2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 165.6 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 177.6 R -.25(va) +-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 189.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 +206.4 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E +F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E +F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1 +<ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E +F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A +([)108 218.4 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ +tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 230.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E +F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 242.4 Q +F1<ad75>2.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435 (ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w) --2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 225.6 R F2 -(name)3.235 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 +(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w) +-2.935 F .436(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 254.4 R F2 +(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376 (ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376 -(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237 -(than names, the remaining w)144 237.6 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 -F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E -F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 249.6 R .874(wer w) +(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236 +(than names, the remaining w)144 266.4 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 +F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E +F0 5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 278.4 R .875(wer w) -.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ -ames are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 261.6 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F -.518(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518 -(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517 -(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 273.6 R +ames are assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 290.4 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F +.517(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518 +(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518 +(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 302.4 R .026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026 -(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489 -(be used to remo)144 285.6 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H +(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488 +(be used to remo)144 314.4 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H .488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488 -(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E -(tions, if supplied, ha)144 297.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 309.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025 -(The w)180 321.6 R 1.026 +(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E +(tions, if supplied, ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 338.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026 +(The w)180 350.4 R 1.026 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F -F2(aname)180.33 333.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 +-.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F +F2(aname)180.33 362.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 345.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 357.6 R F2(delim)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 369.6 Q F0(is the empty string,) -2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 374.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E +F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 386.4 R F2(delim)2.78 E F0 .281 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 398.4 Q F0 +(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad65>144 381.6 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 381.6 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) -2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 393.6 R .218 +<ad65>144 410.4 Q F0 .373 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 410.4 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo) +2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E +.218(to obtain the line.)180 422.4 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 405.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(acti)180 434.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 417.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 417.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 -(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 429.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 441.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 453.6 S(ad).18 E F0 .323 -(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 446.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) +-.2 E F0(If)180 446.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 458.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 470.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 482.4 S(ad).18 E F0 .322 +(returns after reading)2.822 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323 (characters rather than w)2.823 F .323 -(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 465.6 Q +(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 494.4 Q (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad4e>144 477.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 489.6 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) +<ad4e>144 506.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 518.4 S +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 501.6 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 513.6 -R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 525.6 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 537.6 S .669 +1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 530.4 R F1 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 542.4 +R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc) +3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .608(characters are read.)180 554.4 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 566.4 S .67 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 549.6 Q F0 -(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 561.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 573.6 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 585.6 Q +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 578.4 Q F0 +(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 590.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0(Display)180 602.4 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 614.4 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 597.6 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 597.6 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 -609.6 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E +<ad72>144 626.4 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 626.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 +638.4 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.) -180 621.6 Q F1<ad73>144 633.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 633.6 Q +180 650.4 Q F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 662.4 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 645.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 657.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 669.6 R F2(timeout)3.061 E -F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 681.6 Q +<ad74>144 674.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 686.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 698.4 R F2(timeout)3.061 E +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 710.4 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -693.6 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 705.6 R .589 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) --.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 717.6 S -(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 -.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) -2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 -G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.041(The e)180 729.6 R 1.041 -(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.041 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.541(,o)-.4 G 3.542 -(rt)-3.541 G 1.042(he read will)-3.542 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q -(2022 June 3)150.675 E(72)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +722.4 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(72)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .707(return EOF) -180 84 R 3.207(,n)-.8 G .707(on-zero otherwise.)-3.207 F .707(The e) -5.707 F .707(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F -(x-)-.15 E(ceeded.)180 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad75>144 108 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 108 -Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522(If no)144 124.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .59(from re)180 84 +R .59(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.09 +G(ad).18 E F0 .589(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa) +3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 96 S(riable) +.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2 +(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27 +(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an) +-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 108 R .228 +(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228 +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727 +(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F 1.224(turn EOF)180 120 R +3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724 F 1.224(The e)6.224 F +1.225(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 +E(ceeded.)180 132 Q F1<ad75>144 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 144 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522 +(If no)144 160.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522 (are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F -.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144 -136.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 +.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144 +172.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186 (xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18 -(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96 +(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144 -148.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707 -(signing to a readonly v)144 160.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) +184.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706 +(signing to a readonly v)144 196.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in) -.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar) -.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 172.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 -189.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E +.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 208.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 +225.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E .77(The gi)144 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 +-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 -F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097 -(quent assignment.)144 213.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 -1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 -(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 225.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096 +(quent assignment.)144 249.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 +1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 237.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F1<ad41>3.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) -3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 249.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 273.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 285.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 261.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 -<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 +.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 297.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 273.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -285.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 309.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +321.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 297.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 333.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 309.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 326.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 338.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 -(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E -F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 362.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 345.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 362.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 374.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F +5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E +F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 398.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) -144 374.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler) +144 410.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E -.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke) -.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627 -(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E -F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 -(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) -144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 434.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 446.4 R -.15 +.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke) +.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 434.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628 +(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 +(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) +144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 470.4 R .444 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 482.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 -E .75(mand associated with the)144 458.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E +.749(mand associated with the)144 494.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 470.4 Q F1 -(set)108 487.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 506.4 Q F1 +(set)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 <ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1 -(set)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) +(set)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o) -2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 <ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 -511.2 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573 -(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574 +547.2 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574 +(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573 (ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113 -(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 523.2 R 2.613 +(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 559.2 R 2.613 (ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113 -(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 535.2 +(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 571.2 R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.) -.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 -F .581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 547.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G -.581(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15 -G -.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16 -(tion processing are treated as v)144 559.2 R .161 +F .58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 583.2 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581 +(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G +-.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161 +(tion processing are treated as v)144 595.2 R .161 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F -2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 571.2 Q F0(,)A -F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 583.2 Q -F0 1.378(Each v)184 583.2 R 1.377 +2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 607.2 Q F0(,)A F1 +2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 619.2 Q F0 +1.377(Each v)184 619.2 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 595.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 607.2 Q F0 .131 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 607.2 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 619.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 631.2 Q F0 -.088(Exit immediately if a)184 631.2 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F -F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 643.2 Q -F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR) -4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521 -(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 655.2 -R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 667.2 Q -1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 --.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) -4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 679.2 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) --.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 691.2 R -F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) --3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E --.25(va)184 703.2 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 -(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 715.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 727.2 R 2.678 -(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678 -(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 -(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. 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See)B/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 144 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G -.954(osix mode af)-3.454 F .954(fects bash')-.25 F 3.454(sb)-.55 G(e-) --3.454 E(ha)224 156 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 168 Q(vileged)-.1 E -F0(Same as)224 180 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 192 S(rbose).1 E -F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 204 Q F0 .209 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 204 R 2.709(ace. This) --.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 216 -Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace) -184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 246 Q F1 -<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 -258 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0 -3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 -(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 270 Q F1<ad70> -144 282 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 282 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 294 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)184 306 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 318 R .379 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 330 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 342 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 +168 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E .954 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 180 R 3.455(wp)-.25 G +.955(osix mode af)-3.455 F .955(fects bash')-.25 F 3.455(sb)-.55 G(e-) +-3.455 E(ha)224 192 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 204 Q(vileged)-.1 E +F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 228 S(rbose).1 E +F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 240 Q F0 .209 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 240 R 2.709(ace. This) +-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .209(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 +252 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 264 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 282 Q +F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 +294 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 +(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 306 Q F1<ad70> +144 318 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 318 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 330 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)184 342 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 354 R .38 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) +-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 366 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 378 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> -2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 354 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G -.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 366 Q F1<ad72>144 378 Q F0 -(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 378 Q -(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 390 Q -F0(Exit after reading and e)184 390 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 402 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 402 S .773 +2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 390 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 402 Q F1<ad72>144 414 Q F0 +(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 414 Q +(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F1<ad74>144 426 Q +F0(Exit after reading and e)184 426 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 438 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 438 S .774 (eat unset v).35 F .773(ariables and parameters other than the special \ -parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .46(array v)184 414 R .459(ariables s\ -ubscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 -F(x-)-.15 E 2.89(pansion. If)184 426 R -.15(ex)2.89 G .391 +parameters "@" and "*", or)-.25 F .459(array v)184 450 R .459(ariables \ +subscripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing parameter e) +-.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 462 R -.15(ex)2.891 G .391 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391(ariable or parameter)-.25 -F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an)-2.891 F -(error message, and, if not interacti)184 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) -.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 450 Q F0 -(Print shell input lines as the)184 450 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E -F1<ad78>144 462 Q F0 .315(After e)184 462 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 +F 2.89(,t)-.4 G .39(he shell prints an)-2.89 F +(error message, and, if not interacti)184 474 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e) +.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F1<ad76>144 486 Q F0 +(Print shell input lines as the)184 486 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E +F1<ad78>144 498 Q F0 .315(After e)184 498 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0 (command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E -F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 474 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) +F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 510 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r) .25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236 -(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 486 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E -(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 498 Q F0 -1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 498 R 1.206(xpansion \(see)-.15 F -F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705 -(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)184 510 S(ult.).1 E F1 -<ad43>144 522 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 522 R F1(bash)2.713 E F0 .213 -(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 522 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E +(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1<ad42>144 534 Q F0 +1.205(The shell performs brace e)184 534 R 1.205(xpansion \(see)-.15 F +F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706 +(\). This).15 F 1.206(is on by de-)3.706 F -.1(fa)184 546 S(ult.).1 E F1 +<ad43>144 558 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 558 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214 +(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F -3.054(tors. This)184 534 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F +3.053(tors. This)184 570 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 546 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 558 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 558 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 -(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 -F .839(mands e)184 570 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 582 Q F1 -<ad48>144 594 Q F0(Enable)184 594 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 -(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 -F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 606 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 618 Q F0 .96 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 618 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452 -(that change the current w)184 630 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452 -(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453 -(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 642 R(def) -3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 +.15 F(tor)184 582 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 594 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 594 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 +F .838(mands e)184 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 618 Q F1 +<ad48>144 630 Q F0(Enable)184 630 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 642 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 654 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 654 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453 +(that change the current w)184 666 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453 +(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452 +(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 678 R(def) +3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 654 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -666 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 666 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 690 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +702 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 702 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 690 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 702 Q -F0 .4(If no ar)184 702 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 -(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 714 Q -F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(75)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 726 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 +768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(75)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad>144 84 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining) -184 84 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297 -(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G .796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 -F 3.021(rameters. The)184 96 R F1<ad78>3.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76> -3.022 E F0 .522(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522 -(there are no)3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522 -(s, the positional pa-)B(rameters remain unchanged.)184 108 Q .425 -(The options are of)144 124.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef) --2.925 E .425(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 -(to be turned of)144 136.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 +SF<adad>144 84 Q F0 .401(If no ar)184 84 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F +2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 96 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) +.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1<ad>144 108 Q F0 .796 +(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 108 R F2(ar)3.297 E +(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G .797 +(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 120 R F1 +<ad78>3.022 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522 +(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no) +3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B +(rameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144 148.8 +R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 148.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 160.8 Q F1(shift)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 189.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G -.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 201.6 Q F1($#)2.583 -E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 213.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 225.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 -.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 237.6 Q F1(shopt)108 254.4 Q F0([) +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 266.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 -(listed belo)144 278.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 +(listed belo)144 302.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 290.4 R .065 +F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 314.4 R .066 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566 -F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 302.4 R F2 +F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 326.4 R F2 (optnames)2.574 E F0 .074 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105 -(tions. The)144 314.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ +(tions. The)144 338.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605 -E(options ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 338.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -338.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 350.4 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 350.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 -362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 362.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E -.255(set or unset.)180 374.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 -E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 398.4 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 398.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +E(options ha)144 350.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 362.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +362.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 374.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 374.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 +386.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 386.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 398.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 410.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 422.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 422.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 415.2 R F1 -<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 439.2 R F1 +<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983 -(set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U) --.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 439.2 S(ult.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 456 -R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984 +(set or unset, respecti)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U) +-.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983 +(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 463.2 S(ult.) +.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 480 +R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 468 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 480 Q(The list of)144 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 514.8 Q F0 1.945 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 526.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944 -(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 538.8 R .885 +144 492 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 504 Q(The list of)144 520.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 538.8 Q F0 1.944 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 550.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 562.8 R .885 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885 -(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 550.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 574.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F1 -(autocd)144 562.8 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 562.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 574.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(autocd)144 586.8 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 586.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 598.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 586.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 598.8 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F1(cdable_v)144 610.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 622.8 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 610.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 622.8 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 634.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 646.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -622.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 634.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 646.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +646.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 658.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 670.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 658.8 Q +(the command proceeds.)184 682.8 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 670.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 682.8 R F1(bash)3.236 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 694.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 706.8 R F1(bash)3.237 +E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 -694.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 706.8 -Q F0 .449(If set,)184 718.8 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 -(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 730.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(76)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +718.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(76)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .817 -(attempted without an interv)184 84 R .817(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F1 -9/Times-Bold@0 SF .816(JOB CONTR)3.316 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.066 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.316(\). The).15 F .816(shell al-)3.316 F -.1(wa)184 96 S +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(checkjobs)144 84 Q F0 .448(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(shell. If)184 108 R(an)2.662 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G +.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .161(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.472 +(tempted without an interv)184 120 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F2 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.473(shell al-)3.973 F -.1(wa)184 132 S (ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) --2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 108 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 -120 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 -(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 132 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G .851 -(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F1(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E -F1(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 144 S(ult.).1 E F2 -(cmdhist)144 156 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 156 R F2(bash)2.672 E F0 .172 -(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173 +-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 144 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)3.59 +E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e) +-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F +(necessary)184 168 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85 +(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F2(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1 +(fa)184 180 S(ult.).1 E F1(cmdhist)144 192 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 192 R +F1(bash)2.673 E F0 .173(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try) -184 168 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597 +184 204 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597 -(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 180 S 1.287(ult, b).1 +(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 216 S 1.288(ult, b).1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288 -(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(HIST)184 192 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F2 -(compat31)144 204 Q(compat32)144 216 Q(compat40)144 228 Q(compat41)144 -240 Q(compat42)144 252 Q(compat43)144 264 Q(compat44)144 276 Q(compat50) -144 288 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 300 R 3.389 -(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F1 .889(SHELL COMP) -3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 312 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(complete_fullquote)144 328.8 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 340.8 -R F2(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\ -s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525 -(forming completion.)184 352.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F2(bash)4.024 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.587 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 228 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 +(compat31)144 240 Q(compat32)144 252 Q(compat40)144 264 Q(compat41)144 +276 Q(compat42)144 288 Q(compat43)144 300 Q(compat44)144 312 Q(compat50) +144 324 Q F0 .889(These control aspects of the shell')184 336 R 3.389 +(sc)-.55 G .889(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F2 .889(SHELL COMP) +3.389 F -.855(AT)-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 348 Q F0(belo)2.25 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 364.8 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 376.8 +R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lename\ +s and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 +(forming completion.)184 388.8 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 (etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -364.8 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 376.8 R .028 -(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028 -(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 388.8 R 1.073 +400.8 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 412.8 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 424.8 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 400.8 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 436.8 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -412.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 424.8 Q +448.8 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 460.8 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F2(dir)144 441.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487 -(If set,)184 453.6 R F2(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 477.6 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 489.6 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 -465.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 -477.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F2(dirspell)144 494.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 -494.4 R F2(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 +.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 +501.6 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) +184 513.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 530.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +530.4 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 506.4 Q(xist.)-.15 -E F2(dotglob)144 523.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 523.2 R F2(bash)2.665 E F0 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 542.4 Q(xist.)-.15 +E F1(dotglob)144 559.2 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 559.2 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665 ('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 535.2 Q F2 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') -.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 571.2 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') +.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 -(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F2(execfail)144 552 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)184 -552 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516 -(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516 +(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 588 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti)184 +588 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517 (cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184 -564 Q F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E -.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F2(expand_aliases)144 580.8 Q F0 .716 -(If set, aliases are e)184 592.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F -1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .717 -(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 604.8 Q(ault for interacti) --.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2(extdeb)144 621.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 -.17(If set at shell in)184 633.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17 +600 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 616.8 Q F0 .717 +(If set, aliases are e)184 628.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716 +(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 640.8 Q(ault for interacti) +-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 657.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +.17(If set at shell in)184 669.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .17 (cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081 -(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 645.6 R F2<adad646562> -3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 657.6 Q -(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F2(1.)184 -674.4 Q F0(The)220 674.4 Q F2<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 -F F2(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +.17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082 +(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 681.6 R F1<adad646562> +3.582 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581 +F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 693.6 Q +(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 +710.4 Q F0(The)220 710.4 Q F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F +F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 686.4 -Q(gument.)-.18 E F2(2.)184 703.2 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) -220 703.2 R F2(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v) -4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E -(command is skipped and not e)220 715.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E -(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(77)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 722.4 +Q(gument.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(77)198.165 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(3.)184 84 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)3.341 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84 -(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 96 S .488 +SF(2.)184 84 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 84 R F1(DEB)4.167 +E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F 1.667 +(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 96 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 112.8 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 112.8 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +(exe)220 124.8 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 108 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 136.8 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 124.8 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220 -124.8 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 153.6 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)220 +153.6 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 -136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 153.6 Q F0 1.637(Function trac\ -ing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 -153.6 R(shells in)220 165.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith) +165.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(5.)184 182.4 Q F0 1.637(Function tr\ +acing is enabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 +182.4 R(shells in)220 194.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith) -2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 182.4 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comm\ -and substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 182.4 R(in)220 -194.4 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3 +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 211.2 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comm\ +and substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 211.2 R(in)220 +223.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F3 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.) -2.5 E F1(extglob)144 211.2 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 211.2 R .4 +2.5 E F1(extglob)144 240 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 240 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 223.2 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 240 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 252 R F1 -($)3.36 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0 +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 252 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 268.8 Q F0 .86(If set,)184 280.8 R +F1($)3.36 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 3.36<0861>C(nd)-3.36 E F1($)3.36 E F0 (")A F3(string)A F0 3.36("q)C .86(uoting is performed within)-3.36 F F1 (${)3.36 E F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86 -(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 264 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 280.8 Q -F0 .242(If set, patterns which f)184 280.8 R .243 +(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 292.8 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 309.6 Q +F0 .243(If set, patterns which f)184 309.6 R .243 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243 -(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 292.8 Q(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 309.6 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 321.6 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 321.6 Q(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 338.4 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 350.4 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 333.6 R +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 362.4 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G -.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 -(pletions. See)184 345.6 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 -F(enabled by def)184 357.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 374.4 Q -F0 2.518(If set, range e)184 386.4 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 398.4 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +.32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 +(pletions. See)184 374.4 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 +F(enabled by def)184 386.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 403.2 Q +F0 2.519(If set, range e)184 415.2 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 427.2 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 410.4 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 439.2 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F -F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 422.4 R F1 -(A)3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) --3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 434.4 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globskipdots)144 451.2 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 463.2 R .284 +F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 451.2 R F1 +(A)3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper) +-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 463.2 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globskipdots)144 480 Q F0 .285(If set, pathname e)184 492 R .285 (xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285 (atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.785 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.785(,e) -.63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-) --2.785 F(tern be)184 475.2 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55 -(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 -E F1(globstar)144 492 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 492 R F1(**) -3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F -.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 504 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -516 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 532.8 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are wri\ -tten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 544.8 Q F1 -(histappend)144 561.6 Q F0 .676 +F0(and)5.285 E F1 -.63(``)2.784 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 2.784(,e) +.63 G -.15(ve)-3.034 G 2.784(ni).15 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G .284(he pat-) +-2.784 F(tern be)184 504 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.') +.63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(globstar)144 520.8 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 520.8 R F1(**) +3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F +.519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 532.8 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 +2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +544.8 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 561.6 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\ +ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 573.6 Q F1 +(histappend)144 590.4 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -573.6 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 585.6 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 602.4 Q(eedit) --.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 614.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E -F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 -G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 626.4 Q F1(histv)144 643.2 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 -(If set, and)184 655.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +602.4 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 614.4 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 631.2 Q(eedit) +-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 643.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E +F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 +G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 655.2 Q F1(histv)144 672 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 +(If set, and)184 684 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 667.2 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 679.2 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 -E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 696 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -720 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(78) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 696 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 708 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(78)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 79 79 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(abo)184 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)144 100.8 Q F0(If set,)184 112.8 Q F1(bash) -2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 -(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 129.6 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 141.6 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 153.6 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(hostcomplete)144 84 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +108 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 +136.8 Q F0(If set,)184 148.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2 +(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 +H(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 165.6 Q(exit)-.18 E +F0 .219(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 177.6 R .219 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 189.6 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) -144 170.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 182.4 R +144 206.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 218.4 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on) --.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 194.4 R 1.267 +-.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 230.4 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F -(enabled by def)184 206.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 223.2 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 223.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F +(enabled by def)184 242.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 259.2 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 259.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566 (,t).15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 235.2 Q(vironment.) --.4 E F1(lithist)144 252 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)184 252 R F1(cmdhist) -3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 264 Q +(cuted in the background in the current shell en)184 271.2 Q(vironment.) +-.4 E F1(lithist)144 288 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)184 288 R F1(cmdhist) +3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +(with embedded ne)184 300 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 280.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 292.8 R +(localv)144 316.8 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 328.8 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -304.8 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 -(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 316.8 Q -F1(localv)144 333.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .328(If set, calling)184 345.6 R -F1(unset)2.828 E F0 .328(on local v)2.828 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F -.329(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ +340.8 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174 +(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 352.8 Q +F1(localv)144 369.6 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 381.6 R +F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F +.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\ ps \214nd them unset until that function returns. This is identical to \ -the beha)184 357.6 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 369.6 Q -(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 386.4 +the beha)184 393.6 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 405.6 Q +(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 422.4 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -398.4 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 410.4 S(lue may not be changed.) -.25 E F1(mailwar)144 427.2 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that) -184 439.2 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 451.2 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +434.4 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 446.4 S(lue may not be changed.) +.25 E F1(mailwar)144 463.2 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that) +184 475.2 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 487.2 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 468 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 480 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 492 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 508.8 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 520.8 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 -.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f) --.25 H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 532.8 S +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 504 +Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 +(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 528 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 544.8 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 556.8 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 +.436(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f) +-.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 568.8 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 549.6 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -561.6 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194 -(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H -1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 573.6 R +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 585.6 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +597.6 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H +1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 609.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 -F -.1(wo)184 585.6 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ +F -.1(wo)184 621.6 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\ possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 -597.6 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 614.4 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 626.4 R -F1(bash)3.618 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ -ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 638.4 Q +633.6 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 650.4 Q F0 1.117(If set,)184 662.4 R +F1(bash)3.617 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\ +ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 674.4 Q (If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1 -(nullglob)144 655.2 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 667.2 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0 -(allo)3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 --.1(Pa)3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.355(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 679.2 S -(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1 -(patsub_r)144 696 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .106(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash) -2.606 E F0 -.15(ex)2.606 G .106(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E -F0 .105(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F -.527(the te)184 720 R .527 -(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.028 G -.528(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.028 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.528(.T).15 G -(his)-5.528 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(79)199.835 E 0 -Cg EP +(nullglob)144 691.2 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 703.2 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0 +(allo)3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.1(Pa)3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.354(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 715.2 S +(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(79)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 80 80 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(option is enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr) -144 100.8 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f) -184 112.8 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 124.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(pr)144 141.6 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 -(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 153.6 R F1(bash) -4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 165.6 Q -3.289(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.289 H(an)3.489 E 3.289(yc)-.15 G .789 -(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.289 F .788 -(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 177.6 R F1(bash)3.973 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(patsub_r)144 84 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .105(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash) +2.605 E F0 -.15(ex)2.605 G .105(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)2.606 E +F0 .106(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)2.606 F +.528(the te)184 108 R .528 +(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.027 G +.527(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.027 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.527(.T).15 G +(his)-5.527 E(option is enabled by def)184 120 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 +136.8 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +148.8 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +(are enabled.)184 160.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E +F1(pr)144 177.6 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124 +(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 189.6 R F1(bash) +4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 201.6 Q +3.288(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789 +(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789 +(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 213.6 R F1(bash)3.973 E F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F -1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 189.6 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E -F1(pr)144 206.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 218.4 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 -230.4 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G +1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 225.6 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E +F1(pr)144 242.4 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 254.4 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 +266.4 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 242.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18 -(re)144 259.2 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 278.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18 +(re)144 295.2 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 271.2 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 283.2 Q 2.86 +184 307.2 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 319.2 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 295.2 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 331.2 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 -E F1(shift_v)144 312 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 324 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 336 Q F1(sour) -144 352.8 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 364.8 R F1(.)3.27 E F0 -(\()3.27 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 -F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 376.8 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 393.6 S(rr).1 -E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If set, the shell automatically closes \214l\ -e descriptors assigned using the)184 405.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E .423(rection syntax \(see)184 417.6 R -F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo)2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G -.424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F -(mand completes.)184 429.6 Q F1(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0(If set, the)184 -458.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .91(Suspend the e)144 487.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .91(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)-.001 E F0 3.409(signal. A)3.159 F .909 -(login shell, or a shell)3.409 F .752 -(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 499.2 R F1 -<ad66>3.252 E F0 .753(option can be used to o)3.253 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.753(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 511.2 R .107(T\ +E F1(shift_v)144 348 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 360 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 372 Q F1(sour) +144 388.8 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 400.8 R F1(.)3.271 E +F0(\()3.271 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 412.8 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 429.6 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If \ +set, the shell automatically closes \214le descriptors assigned using t\ +he)184 441.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E +.424(rection syntax \(see)184 453.6 R F2(REDIRECTION)2.924 E F0(abo) +2.674 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.924(\)i).15 G .424(nstead of lea)-2.924 F .424 +(ving them open when the com-)-.2 F(mand completes.)184 465.6 Q F1 +(xpg_echo)144 482.4 Q F0(If set, the)184 494.4 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 511.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .909 +(Suspend the e)144 523.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .909 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.41(signal. A)3.16 F .91(login shell, or a shell)3.41 F +.753(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 535.2 R +F1<ad66>3.253 E F0 .752(option can be used to o)3.252 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +.752(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 547.2 R .107(T\ he return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell or job control \ -is not en-)5.107 F(abled and)144 523.2 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0 -(is not supplied.)2.5 E F1(test)108 540 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 552 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 552 R .878 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 564 S +is not en-)5.107 F(abled and)144 559.2 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0 +(is not supplied.)2.5 E F1(test)108 576 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 588 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 588 R .877 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 600 S (pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.36 -(primaries described abo)144 576 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)3.86 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.361(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.861(yo)-.15 G(p-) --3.861 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 588 Q(gument of) --.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 606 R .785 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 618 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 630 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) --2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 642 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 642 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.) --.1 E F1(\()144 654 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 -(Returns the v)180 654 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.361 +(primaries described abo)144 612 R 1.661 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)3.861 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.36(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.86(yo)-.15 G(p-)-3.86 +E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 624 Q(gument of)-.18 E +F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 642 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 654 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 666 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 678 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 678 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.) +-.1 E F1(\()144 690 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 +(Returns the v)180 690 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 666 Q F3 -.2(ex) -144 678 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 690 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 702 S(pr1).2 E -F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 714 S -(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 730.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E -F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E -(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(80)199.835 -E 0 Cg EP +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 702 Q +(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(80)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 81 81 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.) --.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)144 84 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(a)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S +(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 108 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E +F2(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 120 S(ue if either).35 E +F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +(is true.)2.52 E F2(test)144 136.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E F0 -.25 +(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 154.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 166.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 178.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 190.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 -144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C -.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 -F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 -168 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +E 2.5(2a)144 202.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 214.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 226.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 +238.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 250.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 262.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 274.8 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A -F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ -ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) --.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832 E F0(and) -3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 286.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 298.8 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 310.8 R(The)6.333 E F2<ad61>3.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F2<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F -.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 -(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 276 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 -F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .429(The follo)180 312 R .429 -(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43 -(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .43(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.93 E F0 2.93(,t)C -.43(he re-)-2.93 F 1.315(sult is the ne)180 324 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.314 -(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 -(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.744 -(ments. the)180 336 R(tw)2.744 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 -(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.745(guments. If)-.18 -F .245(the \214rst ar)2.745 F(gument)-.18 E .31(is e)180 348 R(xactly) --.15 E F1(\()2.81 E F0 .31(and the fourth ar)2.81 F .31(gument is e)-.18 -F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .309(he result is the tw) --2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .309(gument test of the)-.18 F .183 -(second and third ar)180 360 R 2.683(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .184 -(the e)2.684 F .184(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .184 -(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 372 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 384 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E -(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 396 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) --.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 408 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 426 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or) -2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 -E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 -E F1(times)108 442.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ -imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 442.8 R -(The return status is 0.)144 454.8 Q F1(trap)108 471.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .683(The command)144 483.6 R F4(ar) -3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0 .683(is to be read and e)3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .682 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.182 E F4(sigspec)3.522 E F0 5.682(.I).31 G(f)-5.682 E F4 -(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.402 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 495.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 +(three ar)180 322.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 +334.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 +F(ar)180 346.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 358.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +370.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 382.8 R .43 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .429 +(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.929 E F0 2.929 +(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 394.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 +G 1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314 +(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745 +(ments. the)180 406.8 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245 +(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18 +F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 418.8 R +(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31 +(he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F +.184(second and third ar)180 430.8 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +.184(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.183(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +442.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 454.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 466.8 R 1.635 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 +478.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 496.8 Q F2(test)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F2([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F2(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F2(times)108 513.6 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)144 513.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 +525.6 Q F2(trap)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command) +144 554.4 R F1(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682(is to be read and e)3.402 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .682(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.183(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.183 E F1(sigspec)3.523 E F0 5.683(.I).31 G +(f)-5.683 E F1(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.403 E .609 +(absent \(and there is a single)144 566.4 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 +(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F2<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 507.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 519.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 531.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 543.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +.658(\(the v)144 578.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) +144.34 590.4 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F2<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 602.4 R +F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 614.4 R F2<ad70>3.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 555.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 567.6 R F4(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 579.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .667(If a)144 597.6 R F4 -(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F2(EXIT)3.167 E F0 .667 -(\(0\) the command)2.917 F F4(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .666(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -.666(If a)5.666 F F4(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F2(DE-)3.166 E -.09 -(BU)144 609.6 S(G).09 E F3(,)A F0 .483(the command)2.733 F F4(ar)3.313 E -(g)-.37 E F0 .483(is e)3.203 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 .484(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F4(for) -2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F4(case)2.984 E F0(command,)2.984 E F4 -(select)144 621.6 Q F0 .563(command, e)3.063 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)3.063 E F0 .563 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .562 -(cutes in a shell).15 F .622(function \(see)144 633.6 R F2 .622 +(signal. The)144 626.4 R F2<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 638.4 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 650.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .666(If a)144 668.4 R F1 +(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(EXIT)3.166 E F0 .666 +(\(0\) the command)2.916 F F1(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .667(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +.667(If a)5.667 F F1(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(DE-)3.167 E -.09 +(BU)144 680.4 S(G).09 E F4(,)A F0 .484(the command)2.734 F F1(ar)3.314 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 .483(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F1(for) +2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F1(case)2.983 E F0(command,)2.983 E F1 +(select)144 692.4 Q F0 .562(command, e)3.062 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .563 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)3.063 E F0 .563 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)3.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .563 +(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 704.4 R F3 .622 (SHELL GRAMMAR)3.122 F F0(abo)2.872 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.122(\). Refer).15 -F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F1(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.622(option to the)3.122 F F1(shopt)144 645.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)2.996 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F4(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is) -3.306 E F2(RETURN)2.996 E F3(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F4(ar) -144.33 657.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 +F .622(to the description of the)3.122 F F2(extdeb)3.122 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.622(option to the)3.122 F F2(shopt)144 716.4 Q F0 -.2(bu)2.996 G .496 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .496(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)2.996 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 2.996(trap. If)2.996 F(a)2.996 E F1(sigspec)3.336 E F0(is) +3.306 E F3(RETURN)2.996 E F4(,)A F0 .496(the command)2.746 F F1(ar) +144.33 728.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 .18(is e)2.9 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .18 -(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F1(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F -.15(exe)144 669.6 S -(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 687.6 R F4(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E F2 -(ERR)3.461 E F3(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\ -gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ -ro e)144 699.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 -711.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 723.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(81) -199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.68 E F0(or)2.68 E F2(sour)2.68 E(ce)-.18 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.68 G .18(iltins \214nishes).2 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(81)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 82 82 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .778 -(of a command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778(list e) -3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778(wing the \214nal)-.25 F -F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G -1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 96 R 1.28 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(exe)144 84 S +(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 102 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.8 E +F0(is)3.77 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ERR)3.46 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(rap).15 G +.961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single simple comma\ +nd\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255zero e)144 114 R +.184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 126 R .451 +(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 +(mand list immediately follo)144 138 R .388(wing a)-.25 F/F4 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke) +2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E +F0 .387(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 150 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E +F0 .778(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0 +3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 162 R 1.28 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 -F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!) -3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 108 Q(yed by the) --.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C -(ption.)-2.5 E .133 +F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) +3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 174 Q(yed by the) +-.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C +(ption.)-2.5 E .132 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -126 R -.35(Tr)5.132 G .132(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 -(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 138 R .117 +192 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117 +(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 204 R .117 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117 -(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 150 R -(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1 -(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 166.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4 -(Wi)144 178.8 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G -(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1<ad74>144 190.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0 -.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E -F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2 -(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 202.8 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 214.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 226.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .528(mand name, or nothing if) -144 238.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 -G .528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 -E F1<ad50>3.028 E F0 .529(option forces a)3.028 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF --.666(PA)3.029 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .007(search for each)144 250.8 R F2(name) -2.507 E F0 2.507(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.757 G 2.507(ni).15 G(f)-2.507 E F3 .007 -(type -t name)2.507 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2 -(\214le)4.417 E F0 5.006(.I).18 G 2.506(fac)-5.006 G .006 -(ommand is hashed,)-2.506 F F1<ad70>2.506 E F0(and)144 262.8 Q F1<ad50> -3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 +(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 216 R +(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0 +(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0 +(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 232.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(]) +A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 244.8 S +.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 +(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F4<ad74>144 256.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F4(type)3.215 E F0 +.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E +F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0 +(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1 +(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 268.8 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 280.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F4<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F4(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 292.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if) +144 304.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028 +G .528(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528 +E F4<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F2 -.666(PA)3.028 G +(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 316.8 R F1(name)2.506 E F0 2.506 +(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F5 .007(type -t name) +2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.417 E F0 +5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F4 +<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 328.8 Q F4<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731 +(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .731 -(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61>144 274.8 Q F0 .824(option is used,)3.324 F F1 -(type)3.324 E F0 .824(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.324 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .823(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.683 E F0 5.823(.T).18 -G .823(his in-)-5.823 F 1.176 -(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 286.8 R F1<ad70> -3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.177 +F F2 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F4<ad61>144 +340.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F4(type)3.323 E F0 .824 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824 +(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-) +-5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 +352.8 R F4<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176 (The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 298.8 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 310.8 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) -5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 322.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 339.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255HS)A F0(])A F1<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 351.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 363.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +144 364.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the) +144 376.8 R F4(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) +5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 +(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 388.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 +(\255HS)A F0(])A F4<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255HS)A +F0 2.5(][)C F4(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 429.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 375.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 +.944(that allo)144 441.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F4<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 387.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 453.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 399.6 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -411.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 465.6 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F4<ad48>2.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F4<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +477.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 423.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) -C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .024 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 435.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 +.742(of the special v)144 489.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F4 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023 (is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023 -(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .984 -(source is printed, unless the)144 447.6 R F1<ad48>3.484 E F0 .984 -(option is gi)3.484 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .985 +(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985 +(source is printed, unless the)144 513.6 R F4<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984 +(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7 -(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 459.6 +(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 525.6 R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144 -471.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 483.6 Q F0 -(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 483.6 Q F1<ad62> -144 495.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 495.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 507.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 507.6 Q F1<ad64>144 519.6 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 519.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 531.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 531.6 Q F1<ad66>144 -543.6 Q F0 +537.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F4<ad61>144 549.6 Q F0 +(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 549.6 Q F4<ad62> +144 561.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 561.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 573.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 573.6 Q F4<ad64>144 585.6 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 585.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 597.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 597.6 Q F4<ad66>144 +609.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -543.6 Q F1<ad69>144 555.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -555.6 Q F1<ad6b>144 567.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 567.6 Q F1 -<ad6c>144 579.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 579.6 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 591.6 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 591.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 603.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ +609.6 Q F4<ad69>144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +621.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 633.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 633.6 Q F4 +<ad6c>144 645.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 645.6 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 657.6 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 657.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 669.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 603.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 615.6 Q F1<ad70>144 627.6 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 627.6 Q F1 -<ad71>144 639.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 639.6 Q F1 -<ad72>144 651.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 651.6 -Q F1<ad73>144 663.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 663.6 Q F1<ad74>144 -675.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 675.6 Q F1 -<ad75>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 687.6 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 699.6 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 699.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -711.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3)150.675 E(82)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +180 669.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 681.6 Q F4<ad70>144 693.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 693.6 Q F4 +<ad71>144 705.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 705.6 Q F4 +<ad72>144 717.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 717.6 +Q(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 July 29)149.005 E(82)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 83 83 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad78>144 84 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 84 Q F1<ad50> -144 96 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 96 Q F1<ad52>144 -108 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before blocking, \ -in microseconds)180 108 Q F1<ad54>144 120 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)180 120 Q(If)144 136.8 Q/F2 10 +SF<ad73>144 84 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 84 Q F1<ad74>144 96 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 96 Q F1<ad75>144 108 Q F0 +(The maximum number of processes a)180 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 120 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 132 +Q F1<ad78>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 144 Q F1 +<ad50>144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 156 Q F1 +<ad52>144 168 Q F0(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \ +blocking, in microseconds)180 168 Q F1<ad54>144 180 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)180 180 Q(If)144 196.8 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 -(no option is gi)144 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .67(in seconds;)144 -160.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 +(no option is gi)144 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144 +220.8 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;) -3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,) -A F1<ad6b>144 172.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.737 E F0 3.737(,a)C(nd)-3.737 E +A F1<ad6b>144 232.8 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236 (alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E -F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are in)-3.736 F .238 -(512-byte increments.)144 184.8 R .238 -(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.238 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 +F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239 +(512-byte increments.)144 244.8 R .238 +(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238 (lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F -(error occurs while setting a ne)144 196.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E -F1(umask)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 +(error occurs while setting a ne)144 256.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E +F1(umask)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 225.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 285.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0 5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 237.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -249.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +pted by)144 297.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +309.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 261.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 321.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 273.6 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 285.6 Q +(mode)144.38 333.6 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 345.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 302.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 314.4 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E -F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) -3.258 F(mo)144 326.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(unalias)108 362.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 374.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E +F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-) +3.258 F(mo)144 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 343.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 403.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 355.2 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0 -3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 415.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0 +3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303 -(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 367.2 Q F0 .464 -(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.769(set. If)144 379.2 R F1 -<ad66>2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 +(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 427.2 Q F0 .465 +(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 439.2 R F1 +<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0 .269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo) -2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 391.2 R F1<ad6e>2.903 E +2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 451.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v) 2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0 -(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F -.72(rather than the v)144 403.2 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 -<ad6e>5.72 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66> -3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F -.736(are supplied, each)144 415.2 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 .736 -(refers to a v)3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737 -(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144 -427.2 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F +(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F +.719(rather than the v)144 463.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1 +<ad6e>5.719 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66> +3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737 +(are supplied, each)144 475.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v) +3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736 +(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144 +487.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F 1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 439.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 +-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 499.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES) -.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A -F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 451.2 S -(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 +.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A +F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 511.2 S +(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E -F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) -144 463.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL) +144 523.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 -475.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) -4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya) --.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 487.2 Q(The e)5 E +535.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the) +4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G +1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 547.2 Q(The e)5 E (xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 516 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\ +(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 576 S .659(it for each speci\214ed chi\ ld process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id) -3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process)3.929 F .009 -(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 528 R -.15(ve)-.25 -G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008 -(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.008 E -F2(id)144.01 540 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1 -(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441 +3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008 +(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 +G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009 +(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E +F2(id)144.01 600 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1 +(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441 (its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598 -(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 552 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 -(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 F F1 -<ad6e>3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F1(wait)144 564 Q F0 --.1(wa)3.082 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id) +.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597 +(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 612 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098 +(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 F F1 +<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 624 Q F0 +-.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2(id) 3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083 E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)-.15 -G .583(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .404(returns its e)144 576 R .404 +G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 636 R .403 (xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403 -(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .572 -(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 588 R .573 -(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .573 -(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.073 E F0 .573(option is)3.073 F .39 +(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573 +(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 648 R .573 +(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572 +(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39 (supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e) -144 600 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) -144 612 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 +144 660 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v) +144 672 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905 (named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G .905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E -(an)144 624 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 +(an)144 684 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39 (is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39 (option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0 -(option,)3.89 E .574(when job control is enabled, forces)144 636 R F1 +(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 696 R F1 (wait)3.075 E F0 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)3.075 E F0 -.575(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 -(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 648 R(If)5.635 E F2(id) +.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635 +(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 708 R(If)5.635 E F2(id) 3.145 E F0 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635 -(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F(status is 127.)144 660 Q -(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5 E -(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 676.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G -(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.354(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 -688.8 R F2 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C -1.355(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 -700.8 S .399(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.899 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.899 -E F0(,)A F1(compat40)2.899 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.899 E F0 2.899(,a)C -.399(nd so on\).)-2.899 F .398(There is only one current compatibility) -5.398 F(le)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(l-).15 G 3.253(-e)-3.253 G -.753(ach option is mutually e)-3.253 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -5.753(.T).15 G .753(he compatibility le)-5.753 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254 -(li).15 G 3.254(si)-3.254 G .754(ntended to allo)-3.254 F 3.254(wu)-.25 -G .754(sers to select be-)-3.254 F(ha)108 724.8 Q 1.084(vior from pre) --.2 F 1.084(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne) --.15 F 1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.583(ym)-.15 G -1.083(igrate scripts to use)-3.583 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2022 June 3) -150.675 E(83)199.835 E 0 Cg EP +(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F 1.694(status is 127.)144 720 +R(If)6.694 E F1(wait)4.194 E F0 1.694(is interrupted by a signal, the r\ +eturn status will be greater than 128, as)4.194 F(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q +(2022 July 29)149.005 E(83)198.165 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 84 84 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(current features and beha)108 84 Q(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E -2.5(si)-.55 G(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.456 -(This section does not mention beha)108 100.8 R 1.457 -(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.457 -(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat32)3.957 E F0 -.887(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 112.8 R(ge)-.15 E .886 -(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .886 -(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 124.8 Q -(ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and abo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E -.522(If a user enables, say)108 141.6 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E F0 -3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha)-.25 -F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(ls up to and includ-).15 F .26(ing the current compatibility le)108 -153.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(l. The).15 F .259 -(idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(lc).15 -G .259(ontrols beha)-2.759 F .259(vior that changed)-.2 F 1.645 -(in that v)108 165.6 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F1(bash)4.146 E F0 4.146 -(,b)C 1.646(ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15 -(ve b)-.2 H 1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. F)-.15 F -1.646(or instance, the)-.15 F .761 -(change to use locale-based comparisons with the)108 177.6 R F1([[)3.261 -E F0 .76(command came in bash-4.1, and earlier v)3.261 F .76 -(ersions used)-.15 F 1.904(ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling)108 -189.6 R F1(compat32)4.404 E F0 1.905 -(will enable ASCII-based comparisons as well.)4.404 F(That)6.905 E .296 -(granularity may not be suf)108 201.6 R .296 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .113 +(described under)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)2.613 E(ALS)-.2 E +F0(abo)2.613 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.113(.O).15 G .113 +(therwise, the return status is the e)-5.113 F .114 +(xit status of the last process)-.15 F(or job w)144 96 Q(aited for)-.1 E +(.)-.55 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 112.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G +(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F0 1.355(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 +124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.355(shell compatibility le)3.855 F +(vel)-.15 E F0 3.855(,s)C 1.354 +(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 136.8 S +.398(iltin \().2 F F1(compat31)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat32)2.898 E F0(,)A +F1(compat40)2.898 E F0(,)A F1(compat41)2.898 E F0 2.898(,a)C .399 +(nd so on\).)-2.898 F .399(There is only one current compatibility)5.399 +F(le)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.254(l-).15 G 3.254(-e)-3.254 G .754 +(ach option is mutually e)-3.254 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.754 +(.T).15 G .754(he compatibility le)-5.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.253(li).15 +G 3.253(si)-3.253 G .753(ntended to allo)-3.253 F 3.253(wu)-.25 G .753 +(sers to select be-)-3.253 F(ha)108 160.8 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F +1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F +1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G 1.084 +(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 172.8 Q +(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G +(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.457 +(This section does not mention beha)108 189.6 R 1.457 +(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.456 +(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F1(compat32)3.956 E F0 .886 +(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 201.6 R(ge)-.15 E .886 +(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .887 +(xp characters in the w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E(which is def)108 213.6 Q +(ault beha)-.1 E(vior in bash-3.2 and subsequent v)-.2 E(ersions\).)-.15 +E .523(If a user enables, say)108 230.4 R(,)-.65 E F1(compat32)3.023 E +F0 3.023(,i)C 3.023(tm)-3.023 G .523(ay af)-3.023 F .523(fect the beha) +-.25 F .523(vior of other compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .522 +(ls up to and includ-).15 F .259(ing the current compatibility le)108 +242.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(l. The).15 F .259 +(idea is that each compatibility le)2.759 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.76(lc).15 G +.26(ontrols beha)-2.76 F .26(vior that changed)-.2 F 1.646(in that v)108 +254.4 R 1.646(ersion of)-.15 F F1(bash)4.146 E F0 4.146(,b)C 1.646 +(ut that beha)-4.346 F 1.646(vior may ha)-.2 F 1.946 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +1.646(een present in earlier v).15 F 4.146(ersions. 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Ev).15 F(entually)-.15 E 2.888(,t)-.65 G .388 -(he options will)-2.888 F(be remo)108 283.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15 -G 2.5(nf)-2.5 G -.2(avo)-2.6 G 2.5(ro).2 G(f)-2.5 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G -(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F3(.).855 E F0 1.164 -(Bash-5.0 is the \214nal v)108 300 R 1.164 -(ersion for which there will be an indi)-.15 F 1.163 -(vidual shopt option for the pre)-.25 F 1.163(vious v)-.25 F(ersion.) --.15 E(Users should use)108 312 Q F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855 -(AT)-.666 G F0(on bash-5.0 and later v)3.105 E(ersions.)-.15 E 1.613 -(The follo)108 328.8 R 1.613(wing table describes the beha)-.25 F 1.613 +(yc)-.1 G .296(ompatibility le)-2.796 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .296(ls care-).15 +F(fully)108 302.4 Q 5(.R)-.65 G(ead the documentation for a particular \ +feature to \214nd out the current beha)-5 E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .532 +(Bash-4.3 introduced a ne)108 319.2 R 3.032(ws)-.25 G .531(hell v)-3.032 +F(ariable:)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)3.031 G(SH_COMP).27 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.).855 E F0 .531(The v)5.031 F +.531(alue assigned to this v)-.25 F .531(ariable \(a decimal)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)108 331.2 S .107(rsion number lik).15 F 2.607(e4)-.1 G .107 +(.2, or an inte)-2.607 F .107(ger corresponding to the)-.15 F F1(compat) +2.608 E F3(NN)A F0 .108(option, lik)2.608 F 2.608(e4)-.1 G .108 +(2\) determines the com-)-2.608 F(patibility le)108 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(l.).15 E .388(Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has be)108 360 R .388 +(gun deprecating older compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.887 +(ls. Ev).15 F(entually)-.15 E 2.887(,t)-.65 G .387(he options will) +-2.887 F(be remo)108 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(di).15 G 2.5(nf)-2.5 G -.2 +(avo)-2.6 G 2.5(ro).2 G(f)-2.5 E F4 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G F5(.).855 E F0 1.163(Bash-5.0 is the \214nal v)108 388.8 R +1.163(ersion for which there will be an indi)-.15 F 1.164 +(vidual shopt option for the pre)-.25 F 1.164(vious v)-.25 F(ersion.) +-.15 E(Users should use)108 400.8 Q F4 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G F0(on bash-5.0 and later v)3.105 E(ersions.)-.15 E 1.614 +(The follo)108 417.6 R 1.613(wing table describes the beha)-.25 F 1.613 (vior changes controlled by each compatibility le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.113(ls).15 G 4.114(etting. The)-4.113 F F1(compat)108 340.8 Q F4(NN)A -F0 1.186(tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility le)3.686 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.686(lt).15 G(o)-3.686 E F4(NN)3.686 E F0 1.186 -(using one of the follo)3.686 F(wing)-.25 E 3.806(mechanisms. F)108 -352.8 R 1.306(or v)-.15 F 1.306 +4.113(ls).15 G 4.113(etting. The)-4.113 F F1(compat)108 429.6 Q F3(NN)A +F0 1.186(tag is used as shorthand for setting the compatibility le)3.685 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.686(lt).15 G(o)-3.686 E F3(NN)3.686 E F0 1.186 +(using one of the follo)3.686 F(wing)-.25 E 3.807(mechanisms. F)108 +441.6 R 1.307(or v)-.15 F 1.307 (ersions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.807(lm).15 G 1.307(ay be set using the corresponding)-3.807 F F1 -(compat)108 364.8 Q F4(NN)A F0 .502(shopt option.)3.002 F -.15(Fo)5.502 +3.806(lm).15 G 1.306(ay be set using the corresponding)-3.806 F F1 +(compat)108 453.6 Q F3(NN)A F0 .502(shopt option.)3.002 F -.15(Fo)5.502 G 3.002(rb).15 G .502(ash-4.3 and later v)-3.002 F .502(ersions, the) --.15 F F2 -.27(BA)3.002 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F0 -.25(va) +-.15 F F4 -.27(BA)3.002 G(SH_COMP).27 E -.855(AT)-.666 G F0 -.25(va) 3.607 G .502(riable is preferred, and it).25 F -(is required for bash-5.1 and later v)108 376.8 Q(ersions.)-.15 E F1 -(compat31)108 393.6 Q F0<83>144 405.6 Q(quoting the rhs of the)180 405.6 +(is required for bash-5.1 and later v)108 465.6 Q(ersions.)-.15 E F1 +(compat31)108 482.4 Q F0<83>144 494.4 Q(quoting the rhs of the)180 494.4 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0(command')2.5 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G -.15(eg)-2.5 G -.15(ex).15 G 2.5(pm).15 G(atching operator \(=~\) has no special ef)-2.5 E(fect) --.25 E F1(compat32)108 422.4 Q F0<83>144 434.4 Q .35 -(interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 434.4 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .35(cution of the ne).15 F .35(xt command)-.15 F .018 -(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 446.4 R .018 -(ersions, the shell acts as if it recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.517(dt) -.15 G .017(he interrupt, so in-)-2.517 F -(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 458.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E F1(compat40)108 475.2 Q F0<83>144 -487.2 Q(the)180 487.2 Q F1(<)2.673 E F0(and)2.673 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173 +-.25 E F1(compat32)108 511.2 Q F0<83>144 523.2 Q .35 +(interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the e)180 523.2 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .35(cution of the ne).15 F .35(xt command)-.15 F .017 +(in the list \(in bash-4.0 and later v)180 535.2 R .018 +(ersions, the shell acts as if it recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.518(dt) +.15 G .018(he interrupt, so in-)-2.518 F +(terrupting one command in a list aborts the e)180 547.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cution of the entire list\)).15 E F1(compat40)108 564 Q F0<83>144 576 +Q(the)180 576 Q F1(<)2.674 E F0(and)2.674 E F1(>)2.673 E F0 .173 (operators to the)2.673 F F1([[)2.673 E F0 .173 (command do not consider the current locale when compar)2.673 F(-)-.2 E -.068(ing strings; the)180 499.2 R 2.568(yu)-.15 G .068 -(se ASCII ordering.)-2.568 F .068(Bash v)5.068 F .067 -(ersions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation)-.15 F(and)180 511.2 Q F4 -(str)4.742 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 1.902 -(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 4.403(sc)-.55 G -1.903(ollation sequence and)-4.403 F F4(str)4.743 E(-)-.2 E(coll)180 -523.2 Q F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat41)108 540 Q F0<83>144 552 Q(in)180 552 -Q F4(posix)3.79 E F0(mode,)3.79 E F1(time)3.79 E F0 1.29(may be follo) +.067(ing strings; the)180 588 R 2.567(yu)-.15 G .067(se ASCII ordering.) +-2.567 F .068(Bash v)5.068 F .068 +(ersions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation)-.15 F(and)180 600 Q F3 +(str)4.743 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 1.903 +(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 4.402(sc)-.55 G +1.902(ollation sequence and)-4.402 F F3(str)4.742 E(-)-.2 E(coll)180 612 +Q F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat41)108 628.8 Q F0<83>144 640.8 Q(in)180 640.8 +Q F3(posix)3.79 E F0(mode,)3.79 E F1(time)3.79 E F0 1.29(may be follo) 3.79 F 1.29(wed by options and still be recognized as a reserv)-.25 F -(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)180 564 S(rd \(this is POSIX interpretation 267\)).1 E -<83>144 576 Q(in)180 576 Q F4(posix)2.708 E F0 .208 -(mode, the parser requires that an e)2.708 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nn).15 -G .208(umber of single quotes occur in the)-2.708 F F4(wor)2.709 E(d) --.37 E F0 .282(portion of a double-quoted parameter e)180 588 R .282 -(xpansion and treats them specially)-.15 F 2.781(,s)-.65 G 2.781(ot) --2.781 G .281(hat charac-)-2.781 F(ters within the single quotes are co\ -nsidered quoted \(this is POSIX interpretation 221\))180 600 Q F1 -(compat42)108 616.8 Q F0<83>144 628.8 Q 1.055(the replacement string in\ - double-quoted pattern substitution does not under)180 628.8 R 1.056 -(go quote re-)-.18 F(mo)180 640.8 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(l, as it does in v) -.25 E(ersions after bash-4.2)-.15 E<83>144 652.8 Q .021 -(in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when e)180 652.8 R -.021(xpanding the)-.15 F F4(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(portion of a)2.52 -F .017(double-quoted parameter e)180 664.8 R .017 -(xpansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or other spe-)-.15 F -.999(cial character \(this is part of POSIX interpretation 221\); 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