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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/bashref.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.ps | 1665 |
1 files changed, 852 insertions, 813 deletions
diff --git a/doc/bashref.ps b/doc/bashref.ps index e4072201..d5c3bf34 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.ps +++ b/doc/bashref.ps @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Creator: dvips(k) 2021.1 Copyright 2021 Radical Eye Software %%Title: bashref.dvi -%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 13 15:04:37 2022 +%%CreationDate: Fri Aug 12 15:28:49 2022 %%Pages: 196 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ %DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com) %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D 600 -t letter -o bashref.ps bashref.dvi %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600 -%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2022.06.13:1104 +%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2022.08.12:1128 %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro 0 0 %! /TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S @@ -7614,7 +7614,7 @@ ifelse TeXDict begin 1 0 bop 150 1318 a Fv(Bash)64 b(Reference)j(Man)-5 b(ual)p 150 1385 3600 34 v 2361 1481 a Fu(Reference)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(for)d(Bash)2428 1589 y(Edition)h(5.2,)g(for)f -Ft(Bash)g Fu(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(5.2.)3350 1697 y(June)e(2022)150 +Ft(Bash)g Fu(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(5.2.)3367 1697 y(July)f(2022)150 4927 y Fs(Chet)45 b(Ramey)-11 b(,)46 b(Case)g(W)-11 b(estern)46 b(Reserv)l(e)g(Univ)l(ersit)l(y)150 5068 y(Brian)f(F)-11 b(o)l(x,)45 b(F)-11 b(ree)45 b(Soft)l(w)l(are)h(F)-11 @@ -7622,9 +7622,9 @@ b(oundation)p 150 5141 3600 17 v eop end %%Page: 2 2 TeXDict begin 2 1 bop 150 4279 a Fu(This)35 b(text)h(is)g(a)g(brief)f (description)h(of)f(the)h(features)g(that)g(are)g(presen)m(t)g(in)f -(the)h(Bash)f(shell)h(\(v)m(ersion)150 4389 y(5.2,)c(3)e(June)g -(2022\).)150 4523 y(This)37 b(is)h(Edition)f(5.2,)k(last)e(up)s(dated)d -(3)i(June)f(2022,)k(of)d Fr(The)f(GNU)h(Bash)g(Reference)h(Man)m(ual)p +(the)h(Bash)f(shell)h(\(v)m(ersion)150 4389 y(5.2,)c(29)f(July)f +(2022\).)150 4523 y(This)35 b(is)h(Edition)g(5.2,)j(last)d(up)s(dated)f +(29)i(July)e(2022,)k(of)d Fr(The)g(GNU)g(Bash)g(Reference)h(Man)m(ual)p Fu(,)h(for)150 4633 y Ft(Bash)p Fu(,)29 b(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(5.2.)150 4767 y(Cop)m(yrigh)m(t)602 4764 y(c)577 4767 y Fq(\015)f Fu(1988{2022)35 b(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Soft)m(w)m(are)h(F)-8 @@ -8997,162 +8997,162 @@ Fj(commands)p Ft(;)d(done)p eop end %%Page: 14 20 TeXDict begin 14 19 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(14)630 299 -y(The)25 b(list)h(of)f(w)m(ords)g(follo)m(wing)i Ft(in)d -Fu(is)h(expanded,)h(generating)h(a)e(list)h(of)g(items.)39 -b(The)25 b(set)h(of)630 408 y(expanded)i(w)m(ords)h(is)g(prin)m(ted)f -(on)h(the)g(standard)f(error)h(output)f(stream,)i(eac)m(h)g(preceded) -630 518 y(b)m(y)21 b(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)37 b(If)20 -b(the)i(`)p Ft(in)30 b Fj(words)p Fu(')20 b(is)h(omitted,)j(the)d(p)s -(ositional)h(parameters)g(are)f(prin)m(ted,)630 628 y(as)28 -b(if)f(`)p Ft(in)j("$@")p Fu(')d(had)f(b)s(een)h(sp)s(eci\014ed.)39 -b(The)27 b Ft(PS3)g Fu(prompt)f(is)i(then)f(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(and)f(a)h -(line)630 737 y(is)h(read)f(from)h(the)f(standard)g(input.)39 -b(If)29 b(the)g(line)g(consists)g(of)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(corresp)s -(onding)630 847 y(to)36 b(one)f(of)h(the)f(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(w)m(ords,) -g(then)f(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(of)f Fr(name)40 b Fu(is)35 -b(set)h(to)g(that)g(w)m(ord.)54 b(If)630 956 y(the)37 -b(line)h(is)f(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)39 b(the)e(w)m(ords)g(and)f(prompt)g(are) -i(displa)m(y)m(ed)f(again.)62 b(If)37 b Ft(EOF)f Fu(is)h(read,)630 -1066 y(the)c Ft(select)e Fu(command)i(completes.)50 b(An)m(y)33 -b(other)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(read)g(causes)g Fr(name)38 -b Fu(to)c(b)s(e)e(set)630 1176 y(to)f(n)m(ull.)41 b(The)30 -b(line)g(read)h(is)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)h(in)g(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 -b Ft(REPLY)p Fu(.)630 1310 y(The)42 b Fr(commands)j Fu(are)d(executed)h -(after)g(eac)m(h)g(selection)h(un)m(til)e(a)h Ft(break)d -Fu(command)i(is)630 1420 y(executed,)32 b(at)f(whic)m(h)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g -(the)h Ft(select)d Fu(command)i(completes.)630 1555 y(Here)39 +y(The)32 b(list)i(of)f(w)m(ords)f(follo)m(wing)j Ft(in)d +Fu(is)h(expanded,)g(generating)h(a)f(list)h(of)f(items,)h(and)f(the)630 +408 y(set)41 b(of)f(expanded)f(w)m(ords)g(is)i(prin)m(ted)e(on)h(the)g +(standard)f(error)h(output)g(stream,)j(eac)m(h)630 518 +y(preceded)31 b(b)m(y)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)42 b(If)31 +b(the)g(`)p Ft(in)f Fj(words)p Fu(')g(is)i(omitted,)g(the)g(p)s +(ositional)g(parameters)630 628 y(are)k(prin)m(ted,)h(as)e(if)h(`)p +Ft(in)30 b("$@")p Fu(')k(had)h(b)s(een)g(sp)s(eci\014ed.)56 +b Ft(select)33 b Fu(then)j(displa)m(ys)f(the)h Ft(PS3)630 +737 y Fu(prompt)42 b(and)h(reads)f(a)i(line)f(from)g(the)g(standard)f +(input.)78 b(If)42 b(the)i(line)f(consists)g(of)h(a)630 +847 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)34 b(corresp)s(onding)h(to)h(one)g(of)g(the)g +(displa)m(y)m(ed)g(w)m(ords,)h(then)e(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)36 +b(of)g Fr(name)630 956 y Fu(is)f(set)g(to)h(that)f(w)m(ord.)54 +b(If)34 b(the)h(line)g(is)g(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)37 b(the)e(w)m(ords)f(and)g +(prompt)g(are)h(displa)m(y)m(ed)630 1066 y(again.)40 +b(If)26 b Ft(EOF)f Fu(is)g(read,)i(the)f Ft(select)f +Fu(command)g(completes)i(and)f(returns)e(1.)40 b(An)m(y)26 +b(other)630 1176 y(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(read)f(causes)h Fr(name)k +Fu(to)c(b)s(e)f(set)g(to)h(n)m(ull.)41 b(The)28 b(line)i(read)f(is)g +(sa)m(v)m(ed)i(in)e(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)630 1285 y Ft(REPLY)p +Fu(.)630 1420 y(The)42 b Fr(commands)j Fu(are)d(executed)h(after)g(eac) +m(h)g(selection)h(un)m(til)e(a)h Ft(break)d Fu(command)i(is)630 +1530 y(executed,)32 b(at)f(whic)m(h)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(the)h +Ft(select)d Fu(command)i(completes.)630 1665 y(Here)39 b(is)g(an)g(example)h(that)f(allo)m(ws)i(the)e(user)f(to)i(pic)m(k)f(a) -g(\014lename)h(from)e(the)h(curren)m(t)630 1665 y(directory)-8 +g(\014lename)h(from)e(the)h(curren)m(t)630 1774 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b(and)d(displa)m(ys)i(the)f(name)h(and)f(index)f(of)i(the)g -(\014le)f(selected.)870 1799 y Ft(select)46 b(fname)g(in)i(*;)870 -1909 y(do)870 2019 y(echo)f(you)g(picked)f($fname)g(\\\($REPLY\\\))870 -2128 y(break;)870 2238 y(done)150 2398 y(\(\(...)o(\)\))870 -2533 y(\(\()h Fj(expression)e Ft(\)\))630 2668 y Fu(The)33 +(\014le)f(selected.)870 1909 y Ft(select)46 b(fname)g(in)i(*;)870 +2019 y(do)870 2128 y(echo)f(you)g(picked)f($fname)g(\\\($REPLY\\\))870 +2238 y(break;)870 2347 y(done)150 2508 y(\(\(...)o(\)\))870 +2642 y(\(\()h Fj(expression)e Ft(\)\))630 2777 y Fu(The)33 b(arithmetic)i Fr(expression)f Fu(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(according)g(to)f(the)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w)630 -2777 y(\(see)22 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(98\).) +2887 y(\(see)22 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(98\).) 39 b(The)20 b Fr(expression)h Fu(undergo)s(es)f(the)h(same)630 -2887 y(expansions)35 b(as)h(if)f(it)h(w)m(ere)g(within)f(double)f +2996 y(expansions)35 b(as)h(if)f(it)h(w)m(ere)g(within)f(double)f (quotes,)k(but)d(double)f(quote)i(c)m(haracters)h(in)630 -2996 y Fr(expression)29 b Fu(are)h(not)f(treated)h(sp)s(ecially)g(are)g +3106 y Fr(expression)29 b Fu(are)h(not)f(treated)h(sp)s(ecially)g(are)g (remo)m(v)m(ed.)41 b(If)29 b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)h(the)f -(expression)630 3106 y(is)h(non-zero,)i(the)e(return)f(status)i(is)g +(expression)630 3216 y(is)h(non-zero,)i(the)e(return)f(status)i(is)g (0;)g(otherwise)f(the)h(return)e(status)i(is)f(1.)150 -3266 y Ft([[...)o(]])870 3401 y([[)47 b Fj(expression)e -Ft(]])630 3536 y Fu(Return)25 b(a)h(status)f(of)h(0)g(or)g(1)g(dep)s +3376 y Ft([[...)o(]])870 3511 y([[)47 b Fj(expression)e +Ft(]])630 3646 y Fu(Return)25 b(a)h(status)f(of)h(0)g(or)g(1)g(dep)s (ending)e(on)h(the)h(ev)-5 b(aluation)27 b(of)e(the)h(conditional)h -(expres-)630 3646 y(sion)j Fr(expression)p Fu(.)41 b(Expressions)29 +(expres-)630 3755 y(sion)j Fr(expression)p Fu(.)41 b(Expressions)29 b(are)i(comp)s(osed)f(of)g(the)h(primaries)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m -(w)h(in)630 3755 y(Section)37 b(6.4)g([Bash)f(Conditional)h +(w)h(in)630 3865 y(Section)37 b(6.4)g([Bash)f(Conditional)h (Expressions],)g(page)g(96.)58 b(The)36 b(w)m(ords)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i -(the)630 3865 y Ft([[)h Fu(and)g Ft(]])g Fu(do)g(not)h(undergo)f(w)m +(the)630 3974 y Ft([[)h Fu(and)g Ft(]])g Fu(do)g(not)h(undergo)f(w)m (ord)g(splitting)h(and)f(\014lename)h(expansion.)65 b(The)38 -b(shell)630 3974 y(p)s(erforms)26 b(tilde)j(expansion,)f(parameter)g +b(shell)630 4084 y(p)s(erforms)26 b(tilde)j(expansion,)f(parameter)g (and)g(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(expansion,)h(arithmetic)g(expan-)630 -4084 y(sion,)j(command)g(substitution,)g(pro)s(cess)g(substitution,)g -(and)f(quote)i(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)33 b(on)e(those)630 4194 +4194 y(sion,)j(command)g(substitution,)g(pro)s(cess)g(substitution,)g +(and)f(quote)i(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)33 b(on)e(those)630 4303 y(w)m(ords)k(\(the)h(expansions)g(that)g(w)m(ould)f(o)s(ccur)h(if)g (the)f(w)m(ords)h(w)m(ere)g(enclosed)g(in)f(double)630 -4303 y(quotes\).)41 b(Conditional)28 b(op)s(erators)g(suc)m(h)f(as)i(`) +4413 y(quotes\).)41 b(Conditional)28 b(op)s(erators)g(suc)m(h)f(as)i(`) p Ft(-f)p Fu(')e(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(unquoted)g(to)h(b)s(e)g(recognized) -630 4413 y(as)j(primaries.)630 4548 y(When)k(used)f(with)h +630 4522 y(as)j(primaries.)630 4657 y(When)k(used)f(with)h Ft([[)p Fu(,)h(the)f(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(')g(and)g(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)g(sort)g(lexicographically)j(using)d(the)630 -4657 y(curren)m(t)30 b(lo)s(cale.)630 4792 y(When)22 +4767 y(curren)m(t)30 b(lo)s(cale.)630 4902 y(When)22 b(the)h(`)p Ft(==)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(!=)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)h(are) g(used,)g(the)g(string)f(to)i(the)e(righ)m(t)h(of)g(the)g(op)s(erator) -630 4902 y(is)31 b(considered)g(a)h(pattern)f(and)g(matc)m(hed)h +630 5011 y(is)31 b(considered)g(a)h(pattern)f(and)g(matc)m(hed)h (according)g(to)g(the)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(in)630 -5011 y(Section)d(3.5.8.1)h([P)m(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)h(page)f(36,)g +5121 y(Section)d(3.5.8.1)h([P)m(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)h(page)f(36,)g (as)f(if)g(the)g Ft(extglob)d Fu(shell)j(option)g(w)m(ere)630 -5121 y(enabled.)46 b(The)31 b(`)p Ft(=)p Fu(')h(op)s(erator)h(is)f +5230 y(enabled.)46 b(The)31 b(`)p Ft(=)p Fu(')h(op)s(erator)h(is)f (iden)m(tical)h(to)g(`)p Ft(==)p Fu('.)46 b(If)31 b(the)h -Ft(nocasematch)d Fu(shell)j(option)630 5230 y(\(see)42 +Ft(nocasematch)d Fu(shell)j(option)630 5340 y(\(see)42 b(the)f(description)g(of)h Ft(shopt)d Fu(in)i(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The)e -(Shopt)f(Builtin],)45 b(page)d(71\))630 5340 y(is)e(enabled,)i(the)e -(matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s(erformed)g(without)g(regard)h(to)h(the)f(case)g -(of)g(alphab)s(etic)p eop end +(Shopt)f(Builtin],)45 b(page)d(71\))p eop end %%Page: 15 21 TeXDict begin 15 20 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(15)630 299 -y(c)m(haracters.)41 b(The)28 b(return)e(v)-5 b(alue)28 -b(is)g(0)g(if)g(the)g(string)g(matc)m(hes)h(\(`)p Ft(==)p -Fu('\))f(or)g(do)s(es)f(not)h(matc)m(h)630 408 y(\(`)p -Ft(!=)p Fu('\))j(the)g(pattern,)f(and)g(1)h(otherwise.)630 -543 y(If)20 b(y)m(ou)h(quote)g(an)m(y)f(part)h(of)f(the)h(pattern,)h -(using)e(an)m(y)h(of)f(the)h(shell's)g(quoting)g(mec)m(hanisms,)630 -653 y(the)43 b(quoted)g(p)s(ortion)g(is)g(matc)m(hed)h(literally)-8 -b(.)81 b(This)42 b(means)h(ev)m(ery)h(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(the)630 -763 y(quoted)34 b(p)s(ortion)f(matc)m(hes)i(itself,)h(instead)e(of)f -(ha)m(ving)i(an)m(y)f(sp)s(ecial)g(pattern)g(matc)m(hing)630 -872 y(meaning.)630 1007 y(An)f(additional)i(binary)e(op)s(erator,)i(`)p +y(is)40 b(enabled,)i(the)e(matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s(erformed)g(without)g +(regard)h(to)h(the)f(case)g(of)g(alphab)s(etic)630 408 +y(c)m(haracters.)h(The)28 b(return)e(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(is)g(0)g(if)g +(the)g(string)g(matc)m(hes)h(\(`)p Ft(==)p Fu('\))f(or)g(do)s(es)f(not) +h(matc)m(h)630 518 y(\(`)p Ft(!=)p Fu('\))j(the)g(pattern,)f(and)g(1)h +(otherwise.)630 645 y(If)20 b(y)m(ou)h(quote)g(an)m(y)f(part)h(of)f +(the)h(pattern,)h(using)e(an)m(y)h(of)f(the)h(shell's)g(quoting)g(mec)m +(hanisms,)630 754 y(the)43 b(quoted)g(p)s(ortion)g(is)g(matc)m(hed)h +(literally)-8 b(.)81 b(This)42 b(means)h(ev)m(ery)h(c)m(haracter)h(in)e +(the)630 864 y(quoted)34 b(p)s(ortion)f(matc)m(hes)i(itself,)h(instead) +e(of)f(ha)m(ving)i(an)m(y)f(sp)s(ecial)g(pattern)g(matc)m(hing)630 +973 y(meaning.)630 1100 y(An)f(additional)i(binary)e(op)s(erator,)i(`)p Ft(=~)p Fu(',)g(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)37 b(with)c(the)h(same)g -(precedence)h(as)630 1117 y(`)p Ft(==)p Fu(')40 b(and)g(`)p +(precedence)h(as)630 1209 y(`)p Ft(==)p Fu(')40 b(and)g(`)p Ft(!=)p Fu('.)70 b(When)40 b(y)m(ou)g(use)g(`)p Ft(=~)p Fu(',)j(the)d(string)h(to)f(the)h(righ)m(t)g(of)f(the)g(op)s(erator)h -(is)630 1226 y(considered)36 b(a)g Fm(posix)f Fu(extended)g(regular)h +(is)630 1319 y(considered)36 b(a)g Fm(posix)f Fu(extended)g(regular)h (expression)g(pattern)f(and)g(matc)m(hed)i(accord-)630 -1336 y(ingly)k(\(using)f(the)h Fm(posix)f Ft(regcomp)f +1428 y(ingly)k(\(using)f(the)h Fm(posix)f Ft(regcomp)f Fu(and)h Ft(regexec)e Fu(in)m(terfaces)k(usually)f(describ)s(ed)e(in) -630 1445 y Fl(r)-5 b(e)g(gex)11 b Fu(\(3\)\).)56 b(The)34 +630 1538 y Fl(r)-5 b(e)g(gex)11 b Fu(\(3\)\).)56 b(The)34 b(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(is)g(0)g(if)g(the)g(string)g(matc)m(hes)h -(the)f(pattern,)h(and)e(1)i(if)e(it)630 1555 y(do)s(es)39 +(the)f(pattern,)h(and)e(1)i(if)e(it)630 1648 y(do)s(es)39 b(not.)66 b(If)38 b(the)h(regular)g(expression)g(is)g(syn)m(tactically) -i(incorrect,)i(the)c(conditional)630 1665 y(expression)e(returns)e(2.) +i(incorrect,)i(the)c(conditional)630 1757 y(expression)e(returns)e(2.) 61 b(If)37 b(the)g Ft(nocasematch)d Fu(shell)j(option)h(\(see)g(the)f -(description)g(of)630 1774 y Ft(shopt)d Fu(in)h(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The) +(description)g(of)630 1867 y Ft(shopt)d Fu(in)h(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The) e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)k(page)e(71\))g(is)g(enabled,)g(the)g(matc)m(h)g -(is)630 1884 y(p)s(erformed)29 b(without)h(regard)h(to)g(the)f(case)i -(of)e(alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)630 2019 y(Y)-8 +(is)630 1976 y(p)s(erformed)29 b(without)h(regard)h(to)g(the)f(case)i +(of)e(alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)630 2103 y(Y)-8 b(ou)23 b(can)g(quote)g(an)m(y)g(part)g(of)g(the)g(pattern)f(to)i (force)f(the)g(quoted)g(p)s(ortion)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(matc)m(hed)630 -2128 y(literally)33 b(instead)f(of)g(as)f(a)h(regular)g(expression)f +2212 y(literally)33 b(instead)f(of)g(as)f(a)h(regular)g(expression)f (\(see)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e\).)46 b(If)31 b(the)h(pattern)f(is)h(stored)630 -2238 y(in)h(a)i(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable,)35 b(quoting)f(the)g(v)-5 +2322 y(in)h(a)i(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable,)35 b(quoting)f(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(expansion)e(forces)i(the)f(en)m(tire)g(pattern)g(to)630 -2347 y(b)s(e)c(matc)m(hed)h(literally)-8 b(.)630 2482 +2432 y(b)s(e)c(matc)m(hed)h(literally)-8 b(.)630 2558 y(The)25 b(pattern)h(will)g(matc)m(h)h(if)e(it)i(matc)m(hes)f(an)m(y)h (part)e(of)h(the)g(string.)39 b(If)25 b(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)f -(force)630 2592 y(the)j(pattern)h(to)g(matc)m(h)g(the)f(en)m(tire)h +(force)630 2668 y(the)j(pattern)h(to)g(matc)m(h)g(the)f(en)m(tire)h (string,)g(anc)m(hor)g(the)f(pattern)h(using)e(the)i(`)p -Ft(^)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft($)p Fu(')630 2701 y(regular)i(expression)f -(op)s(erators.)630 2836 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)g(the)f(follo)m(wing) +Ft(^)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft($)p Fu(')630 2777 y(regular)i(expression)f +(op)s(erators.)630 2904 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)g(the)f(follo)m(wing) h(will)f(matc)m(h)h(a)g(line)f(\(stored)g(in)g(the)g(shell)g(v)-5 -b(ariable)31 b Ft(line)p Fu(\))630 2946 y(if)42 b(there)h(is)g(a)f +b(ariable)31 b Ft(line)p Fu(\))630 3013 y(if)42 b(there)h(is)g(a)f (sequence)h(of)g(c)m(haracters)h(an)m(ywhere)e(in)g(the)h(v)-5 -b(alue)43 b(consisting)g(of)g(an)m(y)630 3055 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)26 +b(alue)43 b(consisting)g(of)g(an)m(y)630 3123 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)26 b(including)g(zero,)i(of)f(c)m(haracters)g(in)f(the)h Ft(space)e Fu(c)m(haracter)j(class,)g(immediately)630 -3165 y(follo)m(w)m(ed)k(b)m(y)e(zero)h(or)g(one)f(instances)h(of)g(`)p -Ft(a)p Fu(',)g(then)f(a)h(`)p Ft(b)p Fu(':)870 3300 y +3232 y(follo)m(w)m(ed)k(b)m(y)e(zero)h(or)g(one)f(instances)h(of)g(`)p +Ft(a)p Fu(',)g(then)f(a)h(`)p Ft(b)p Fu(':)870 3359 y Ft([[)47 b($line)g(=~)g([[:space:]]*\(a\)?b)c(]])630 -3435 y Fu(That)f(means)g(v)-5 b(alues)42 b(for)g Ft(line)f +3485 y Fu(That)f(means)g(v)-5 b(alues)42 b(for)g Ft(line)f Fu(lik)m(e)i(`)p Ft(aab)p Fu(',)i(`)31 b Ft(aaaaaab)p Fu(',)43 b(`)p Ft(xaby)p Fu(',)i(and)c(`)31 b Ft(ab)p -Fu(')42 b(will)g(all)630 3544 y(matc)m(h,)32 b(as)e(will)h(a)g(line)f +Fu(')42 b(will)g(all)630 3595 y(matc)m(h,)32 b(as)e(will)h(a)g(line)f (con)m(taining)i(a)f(`)p Ft(b)p Fu(')g(an)m(ywhere)f(in)g(its)h(v)-5 -b(alue.)630 3679 y(If)28 b(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)g(matc)m(h)h(a)e(c) +b(alue.)630 3721 y(If)28 b(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)g(matc)m(h)h(a)e(c) m(haracter)j(that's)e(sp)s(ecial)g(to)g(the)g(regular)f(expression)g -(gram-)630 3789 y(mar)g(\(`)p Ft(^$|[]\(\)\\.*+?)p Fu('\),)e(it)j(has)f +(gram-)630 3831 y(mar)g(\(`)p Ft(^$|[]\(\)\\.*+?)p Fu('\),)e(it)j(has)f (to)h(b)s(e)e(quoted)h(to)h(remo)m(v)m(e)g(its)g(sp)s(ecial)g(meaning.) -40 b(This)630 3898 y(means)24 b(that)h(in)f(the)h(pattern)f(`)p +40 b(This)630 3941 y(means)24 b(that)h(in)f(the)h(pattern)f(`)p Ft(xxx.txt)p Fu(',)g(the)h(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')f(matc)m(hes)i(an)m(y)f(c)m -(haracter)g(in)f(the)h(string)630 4008 y(\(its)34 b(usual)f(regular)g +(haracter)g(in)f(the)h(string)630 4050 y(\(its)34 b(usual)f(regular)g (expression)g(meaning\),)i(but)e(in)g(the)g(pattern)h(`)p -Ft("xxx.txt")p Fu(',)e(it)i(can)630 4118 y(only)c(matc)m(h)i(a)f -(literal)g(`)p Ft(.)p Fu('.)630 4253 y(Lik)m(ewise,)i(if)f(y)m(ou)g(w)m +Ft("xxx.txt")p Fu(',)e(it)i(can)630 4160 y(only)c(matc)m(h)i(a)f +(literal)g(`)p Ft(.)p Fu('.)630 4286 y(Lik)m(ewise,)i(if)f(y)m(ou)g(w)m (an)m(t)g(to)h(include)e(a)h(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(y)m(our)h(pattern)g -(that)g(has)f(a)h(sp)s(ecial)630 4362 y(meaning)21 b(to)h(the)g +(that)g(has)f(a)h(sp)s(ecial)630 4396 y(meaning)21 b(to)h(the)g (regular)f(expression)g(grammar,)i(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)f(mak)m(e)h(sure)e -(it's)i(not)g(quoted.)630 4472 y(If)44 b(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g +(it's)i(not)g(quoted.)630 4505 y(If)44 b(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g (anc)m(hor)f(a)h(pattern)f(at)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(or)h(end)g(of)g -(the)g(string,)k(for)630 4581 y(instance,)e(y)m(ou)d(cannot)g(quote)g +(the)g(string,)k(for)630 4615 y(instance,)e(y)m(ou)d(cannot)g(quote)g (the)f(`)p Ft(^)p Fu(')h(or)f(`)p Ft($)p Fu(')g(c)m(haracters)i(using)e -(an)m(y)g(form)g(of)h(shell)630 4691 y(quoting.)630 4826 +(an)m(y)g(form)g(of)h(shell)630 4725 y(quoting.)630 4851 y(If)28 b(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)g(matc)m(h)h(`)p Ft(initial)e (string)p Fu(')f(at)i(the)g(start)g(of)g(a)g(line,)g(the)g(follo)m -(wing)h(will)630 4935 y(w)m(ork:)870 5070 y Ft([[)47 -b($line)g(=~)g(^"initial)e(string")h(]])630 5205 y Fu(but)30 +(wing)h(will)630 4961 y(w)m(ork:)870 5087 y Ft([[)47 +b($line)g(=~)g(^"initial)e(string")h(]])630 5214 y Fu(but)30 b(this)g(will)h(not:)870 5340 y Ft([[)47 b($line)g(=~)g("^initial)e (string")h(]])p eop end %%Page: 16 22 @@ -10819,211 +10819,220 @@ Fu(',)c(for)j(example.)49 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(obtain)h(the)f(traditional)h Fu(or)i Ft(LC_ALL)f Fu(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(to)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(`)p Ft(C)p Fu(',)g(or)f(enable)h(the)630 737 y Ft(globasciiranges)c Fu(shell)31 b(option.)630 -883 y(Within)23 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')h(and)e(`)p Ft(])p +873 y(Within)23 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')h(and)e(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j Fr(c)m(haracter)g(classes)j Fu(can)c(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h (using)f(the)i(syn)m(tax)f Ft([:)p Fr(class)t Ft(:])p -Fu(,)630 993 y(where)30 b Fr(class)35 b Fu(is)30 b(one)h(of)f(the)h +Fu(,)630 982 y(where)30 b Fr(class)35 b Fu(is)30 b(one)h(of)f(the)h (follo)m(wing)h(classes)f(de\014ned)e(in)h(the)h Fm(posix)f -Fu(standard:)870 1138 y Ft(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g -(digit)g(graph)g(lower)870 1248 y(print)g(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word) -190 b(xdigit)630 1394 y Fu(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h +Fu(standard:)870 1118 y Ft(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g +(digit)g(graph)g(lower)870 1227 y(print)g(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word) +190 b(xdigit)630 1363 y Fu(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h (an)m(y)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s(elonging)f(to)g(that)g(class.)75 -b(The)41 b Ft(word)630 1503 y Fu(c)m(haracter)32 b(class)f(matc)m(hes)h +b(The)41 b Ft(word)630 1472 y Fu(c)m(haracter)32 b(class)f(matc)m(hes)h (letters,)f(digits,)h(and)d(the)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p -Ft(_)p Fu('.)630 1649 y(Within)25 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p +Ft(_)p Fu('.)630 1608 y(Within)25 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)i(an)e Fr(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j Fu(can)24 b(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(using)g(the)g(syn)m(tax)h -Ft([=)p Fr(c)6 b Ft(=])p Fu(,)630 1758 y(whic)m(h)29 +Ft([=)p Fr(c)6 b Ft(=])p Fu(,)630 1717 y(whic)m(h)29 b(matc)m(hes)i(all)f(c)m(haracters)h(with)e(the)h(same)g(collation)h(w) -m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630 1868 +m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630 1827 y(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale\))j(as)d(the)h(c)m(haracter)h -Fr(c)p Fu(.)630 2014 y(Within)22 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p +Fr(c)p Fu(.)630 1962 y(Within)22 b(`)p Ft([)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(])p Fu(',)j(the)d(syn)m(tax)h Ft([.)p Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)t Ft(.])e Fu(matc)m(hes)i(the)g(collating)i(sym)m(b)s(ol)d -Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)p Fu(.)275 2207 y(If)i(the)g Ft(extglob)f +Fr(sym)m(b)s(ol)p Fu(.)275 2125 y(If)i(the)g Ft(extglob)f Fu(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f(using)g(the)h Ft(shopt)e Fu(builtin,)i(the)g(shell)f(recognizes)j(sev)m(eral)150 -2316 y(extended)i(pattern)f(matc)m(hing)i(op)s(erators.)40 +2234 y(extended)i(pattern)f(matc)m(hing)i(op)s(erators.)40 b(In)26 b(the)i(follo)m(wing)h(description,)g(a)e Fr(pattern-list)k -Fu(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 2426 y(one)23 b(or)f(more)h(patterns)g +Fu(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 2344 y(one)23 b(or)f(more)h(patterns)g (separated)g(b)m(y)f(a)h(`)p Ft(|)p Fu('.)38 b(When)22 b(matc)m(hing)i(\014lenames,)g(the)f Ft(dotglob)e Fu(shell)h(option)150 -2535 y(determines)h(the)h(set)g(of)g(\014lenames)f(that)h(are)g +2453 y(determines)h(the)h(set)g(of)g(\014lenames)f(that)h(are)g (tested,)i(as)d(describ)s(ed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)39 b(Comp)s(osite)24 -b(patterns)f(ma)m(y)150 2645 y(b)s(e)30 b(formed)g(using)f(one)i(or)f -(more)h(of)g(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(sub-patterns:)150 2838 -y Ft(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2948 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(zero)f +b(patterns)f(ma)m(y)150 2563 y(b)s(e)30 b(formed)g(using)f(one)i(or)f +(more)h(of)g(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(sub-patterns:)150 2725 +y Ft(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 2835 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(zero)f (or)g(one)f(o)s(ccurrence)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)150 -3130 y Ft(*\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3239 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h +2996 y Ft(*\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3106 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h (zero)f(or)g(more)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.) -150 3421 y Ft(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3531 +150 3267 y Ft(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3377 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(one)f(or)f(more)h(o)s(ccurrences)f(of)h(the)f(giv)m -(en)i(patterns.)150 3712 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p -Ft(\))630 3822 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.) -150 4004 y Ft(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 4113 +(en)i(patterns.)150 3538 y Ft(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)p +Ft(\))630 3648 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.) +150 3809 y Ft(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)p Ft(\))630 3919 y Fu(Matc)m(hes)h(an)m(ything)f(except)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g -(patterns.)275 4306 y(When)26 b(matc)m(hing)i(\014lenames,)g(the)f +(patterns.)275 4081 y(The)h Ft(extglob)f Fu(option)j(c)m(hanges)g(the)f +(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)h(the)f(parser,)g(since)h(the)f(paren)m(theses)h +(are)f(nor-)150 4190 y(mally)44 b(treated)g(as)f(op)s(erators)g(with)g +(syn)m(tactic)i(meaning.)79 b(T)-8 b(o)44 b(ensure)e(that)i(extended)f +(matc)m(hing)150 4300 y(patterns)30 b(are)g(parsed)f(correctly)-8 +b(,)32 b(mak)m(e)e(sure)g(that)g Ft(extglob)e Fu(is)h(enabled)h(b)s +(efore)f(parsing)h(constructs)150 4410 y(con)m(taining)i(the)e +(patterns,)h(including)f(shell)h(functions)f(and)f(command)h +(substitutions.)275 4546 y(When)c(matc)m(hing)i(\014lenames,)g(the)f Ft(dotglob)e Fu(shell)i(option)h(determines)f(the)g(set)g(of)g -(\014lenames)g(that)150 4416 y(are)34 b(tested:)47 b(when)33 +(\014lenames)g(that)150 4656 y(are)34 b(tested:)47 b(when)33 b Ft(dotglob)e Fu(is)i(enabled,)i(the)e(set)h(of)g(\014lenames)f -(includes)g(all)h(\014les)g(b)s(eginning)e(with)150 4526 +(includes)g(all)h(\014les)g(b)s(eginning)e(with)150 4765 y(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(',)d(but)e(the)g(\014lenames)h(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')g(and)f(`)p Ft(..)p Fu(')g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)g (a)g(pattern)g(or)f(sub-pattern)g(that)h(b)s(egins)150 -4635 y(with)33 b(a)g(dot;)j(when)c(it)h(is)h(disabled,)f(the)h(set)g +4875 y(with)33 b(a)g(dot;)j(when)c(it)h(is)h(disabled,)f(the)h(set)g (do)s(es)e(not)i(include)f(an)m(y)g(\014lenames)g(b)s(eginning)g(with)g -(\\.")150 4745 y(unless)24 b(the)g(pattern)h(or)f(sub-pattern)g(b)s +(\\.")150 4984 y(unless)24 b(the)g(pattern)h(or)f(sub-pattern)g(b)s (egins)g(with)g(a)g(`)p Ft(.)p Fu('.)39 b(As)25 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(`)p Ft(.)p Fu(')d(only)h(has)f(a)h(sp)s(ecial)g(meaning)150 -4854 y(when)k(matc)m(hing)j(\014lenames.)275 5011 y(Complicated)41 +5094 y(when)k(matc)m(hing)j(\014lenames.)275 5230 y(Complicated)41 b(extended)f(pattern)g(matc)m(hing)h(against)h(long)f(strings)f(is)g -(slo)m(w,)k(esp)s(ecially)d(when)150 5121 y(the)29 b(patterns)g(con)m +(slo)m(w,)k(esp)s(ecially)d(when)150 5340 y(the)29 b(patterns)g(con)m (tain)i(alternations)f(and)f(the)g(strings)g(con)m(tain)h(m)m(ultiple)g -(matc)m(hes.)42 b(Using)29 b(separate)150 5230 y(matc)m(hes)38 -b(against)g(shorter)e(strings,)i(or)f(using)f(arra)m(ys)h(of)g(strings) -f(instead)h(of)g(a)g(single)g(long)h(string,)150 5340 -y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(faster.)p eop end +(matc)m(hes.)42 b(Using)29 b(separate)p eop end %%Page: 38 44 TeXDict begin 38 43 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(38)150 299 -y Fk(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7 b(al)150 446 y -Fu(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g(expansions,)h(all)f(unquoted)f(o)s -(ccurrences)h(of)g(the)h(c)m(haracters)g(`)p Ft(\\)p -Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(')p Fu(',)f(and)g(`)p Ft(")p Fu(')150 -555 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m -(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 797 y Fs(3.6)68 -b(Redirections)150 956 y Fu(Before)32 b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)h -(its)f(input)e(and)h(output)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f Fr(redirected)k -Fu(using)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)f(no-)150 1066 y(tation)d(in)m(terpreted)f(b) -m(y)f(the)h(shell.)40 b Fr(Redirection)27 b Fu(allo)m(ws)h(commands')f -(\014le)f(handles)g(to)i(b)s(e)e(duplicated,)150 1175 -y(op)s(ened,)i(closed,)i(made)e(to)h(refer)f(to)h(di\013eren)m(t)f -(\014les,)h(and)f(can)g(c)m(hange)h(the)g(\014les)f(the)g(command)g -(reads)150 1285 y(from)39 b(and)g(writes)h(to.)69 b(Redirection)40 -b(ma)m(y)g(also)h(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(mo)s(dify)f(\014le)g(handles)g -(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t)150 1395 y(shell)e(execution)h(en)m(vironmen)m -(t.)65 b(The)37 b(follo)m(wing)j(redirection)f(op)s(erators)f(ma)m(y)g -(precede)h(or)f(app)s(ear)150 1504 y(an)m(ywhere)30 b(within)f(a)h -(simple)f(command)h(or)f(ma)m(y)i(follo)m(w)g(a)f(command.)40 -b(Redirections)30 b(are)g(pro)s(cessed)150 1614 y(in)g(the)h(order)f -(they)g(app)s(ear,)g(from)g(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)275 -1749 y(Eac)m(h)45 b(redirection)h(that)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(preceded)g(b) -m(y)h(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(ma)m(y)h(instead)h(b) -s(e)150 1858 y(preceded)41 b(b)m(y)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(of)g(the)h(form)f +y(matc)m(hes)38 b(against)g(shorter)e(strings,)i(or)f(using)f(arra)m +(ys)h(of)g(strings)f(instead)h(of)g(a)g(single)g(long)h(string,)150 +408 y(ma)m(y)31 b(b)s(e)f(faster.)150 603 y Fk(3.5.9)63 +b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7 b(al)150 750 y Fu(After)32 b(the)g(preceding)g +(expansions,)h(all)f(unquoted)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)g(the)h(c)m +(haracters)g(`)p Ft(\\)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(')p Fu(',)f(and)g(`)p +Ft(")p Fu(')150 860 y(that)f(did)f(not)g(result)g(from)g(one)h(of)g +(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(expansions)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 +1096 y Fs(3.6)68 b(Redirections)150 1255 y Fu(Before)32 +b(a)f(command)f(is)h(executed,)h(its)f(input)e(and)h(output)h(ma)m(y)g +(b)s(e)f Fr(redirected)k Fu(using)c(a)i(sp)s(ecial)f(no-)150 +1365 y(tation)d(in)m(terpreted)f(b)m(y)f(the)h(shell.)40 +b Fr(Redirection)27 b Fu(allo)m(ws)h(commands')f(\014le)f(handles)g(to) +i(b)s(e)e(duplicated,)150 1475 y(op)s(ened,)i(closed,)i(made)e(to)h +(refer)f(to)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(\014les,)h(and)f(can)g(c)m(hange)h(the)g +(\014les)f(the)g(command)g(reads)150 1584 y(from)39 b(and)g(writes)h +(to.)69 b(Redirection)40 b(ma)m(y)g(also)h(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(mo)s +(dify)f(\014le)g(handles)g(in)g(the)h(curren)m(t)150 +1694 y(shell)e(execution)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)65 b(The)37 +b(follo)m(wing)j(redirection)f(op)s(erators)f(ma)m(y)g(precede)h(or)f +(app)s(ear)150 1803 y(an)m(ywhere)30 b(within)f(a)h(simple)f(command)h +(or)f(ma)m(y)i(follo)m(w)g(a)f(command.)40 b(Redirections)30 +b(are)g(pro)s(cessed)150 1913 y(in)g(the)h(order)f(they)g(app)s(ear,)g +(from)g(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)275 2045 y(Eac)m(h)45 b(redirection)h +(that)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(preceded)g(b)m(y)h(a)h(\014le)f(descriptor)f +(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(ma)m(y)h(instead)h(b)s(e)150 2155 +y(preceded)41 b(b)m(y)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(of)g(the)h(form)f Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(.)74 b(In)41 b(this)g(case,)k -(for)c(eac)m(h)i(redirection)f(op)s(erator)150 1968 y(except)37 +(for)c(eac)m(h)i(redirection)f(op)s(erator)150 2264 y(except)37 b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)e(and)g Ft(<)p Fu(&-,)i(the)f(shell)g(will)g(allo)s (cate)j(a)d(\014le)g(descriptor)f(greater)i(than)f(10)g(and)f(assign)h -(it)150 2077 y(to)e Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p +(it)150 2374 y(to)e Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(.)52 b(If)33 b Ft(>)p Fu(&-)g(or)h Ft(<)p Fu(&-)f(is)g(preceded)h(b) m(y)f Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})p Fu(,)36 b(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(of)f Fr(v)-5 b(arname)39 b Fu(de\014nes)33 -b(the)150 2187 y(\014le)e(descriptor)g(to)h(close.)43 +b(the)150 2483 y(\014le)e(descriptor)g(to)h(close.)43 b(If)31 b Fi({)p Fr(v)-5 b(arname)5 b Fi(})32 b Fu(is)f(supplied,)f (the)h(redirection)g(p)s(ersists)f(b)s(ey)m(ond)h(the)g(scop)s(e)150 -2297 y(of)42 b(the)f(command,)j(allo)m(wing)f(the)f(shell)g(programmer) +2593 y(of)42 b(the)f(command,)j(allo)m(wing)f(the)f(shell)g(programmer) f(to)h(manage)g(the)g(\014le)f(descriptor's)h(lifetime)150 -2406 y(man)m(ually)-8 b(.)41 b(The)29 b Ft(varredir_close)c +2703 y(man)m(ually)-8 b(.)41 b(The)29 b Ft(varredir_close)c Fu(shell)k(option)g(manages)h(this)f(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(\(see)h(Section)f -(4.3.2)i([The)150 2516 y(Shopt)f(Builtin],)h(page)g(71\).)275 -2651 y(In)c(the)i(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)g(if)e(the)h(\014le)g +(4.3.2)i([The)150 2812 y(Shopt)f(Builtin],)h(page)g(71\).)275 +2944 y(In)c(the)i(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)g(if)e(the)h(\014le)g (descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(is)g(omitted,)i(and)f(the)f(\014rst)g -(c)m(har-)150 2760 y(acter)42 b(of)f(the)g(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g +(c)m(har-)150 3054 y(acter)42 b(of)f(the)g(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g (is)g(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(',)i(the)e(redirection)g(refers)g(to)g(the)g -(standard)f(input)f(\(\014le)150 2870 y(descriptor)33 +(standard)f(input)f(\(\014le)150 3164 y(descriptor)33 b(0\).)49 b(If)33 b(the)g(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)g(the)f (redirection)g(op)s(erator)h(is)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(',)h(the)f(redirection) -g(refers)150 2980 y(to)e(the)g(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h -(descriptor)f(1\).)275 3115 y(The)h(w)m(ord)h(follo)m(wing)i(the)f +g(refers)150 3273 y(to)e(the)g(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h +(descriptor)f(1\).)275 3405 y(The)h(w)m(ord)h(follo)m(wing)i(the)f (redirection)g(op)s(erator)f(in)g(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)f -(unless)e(other-)150 3224 y(wise)21 b(noted,)i(is)e(sub)5 +(unless)e(other-)150 3515 y(wise)21 b(noted,)i(is)e(sub)5 b(jected)21 b(to)h(brace)f(expansion,)i(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter) -e(expansion,)i(command)150 3334 y(substitution,)31 b(arithmetic)h +e(expansion,)i(command)150 3625 y(substitution,)31 b(arithmetic)h (expansion,)f(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)33 b(\014lename)e(expansion,)g -(and)f(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)150 3443 y(If)f(it)h(expands)e(to)i(more)g +(and)f(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)150 3734 y(If)f(it)h(expands)e(to)i(more)g (than)f(one)h(w)m(ord,)f(Bash)h(rep)s(orts)e(an)h(error.)275 -3578 y(Note)h(that)g(the)g(order)f(of)g(redirections)h(is)g +3866 y(Note)h(that)g(the)g(order)f(of)g(redirections)h(is)g (signi\014can)m(t.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)h(the)e(command)390 -3713 y Ft(ls)47 b(>)h Fj(dirlist)d Ft(2>&1)150 3848 y +3999 y Ft(ls)47 b(>)h Fj(dirlist)d Ft(2>&1)150 4131 y Fu(directs)28 b(b)s(oth)f(standard)g(output)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f (1\))i(and)e(standard)f(error)i(\(\014le)g(descriptor)f(2\))h(to)h(the) -150 3958 y(\014le)h Fr(dirlist)p Fu(,)h(while)f(the)h(command)390 -4093 y Ft(ls)47 b(2>&1)g(>)g Fj(dirlist)150 4228 y Fu(directs)28 +150 4240 y(\014le)h Fr(dirlist)p Fu(,)h(while)f(the)h(command)390 +4373 y Ft(ls)47 b(2>&1)g(>)g Fj(dirlist)150 4505 y Fu(directs)28 b(only)f(the)h(standard)e(output)i(to)g(\014le)f Fr(dirlist)p Fu(,)h(b)s(ecause)g(the)f(standard)g(error)g(w)m(as)h(made)f(a)h(cop)m -(y)150 4337 y(of)j(the)f(standard)g(output)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g +(y)150 4615 y(of)j(the)f(standard)g(output)g(b)s(efore)g(the)g (standard)g(output)g(w)m(as)g(redirected)h(to)g Fr(dirlist)p -Fu(.)275 4472 y(Bash)26 b(handles)f(sev)m(eral)j(\014lenames)e(sp)s +Fu(.)275 4747 y(Bash)26 b(handles)f(sev)m(eral)j(\014lenames)e(sp)s (ecially)h(when)f(they)g(are)g(used)g(in)g(redirections,)i(as)e -(describ)s(ed)150 4582 y(in)38 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(table.)66 +(describ)s(ed)150 4856 y(in)38 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(table.)66 b(If)38 b(the)h(op)s(erating)g(system)f(on)h(whic)m(h)f(Bash)h(is)f -(running)f(pro)m(vides)h(these)150 4691 y(sp)s(ecial)27 +(running)f(pro)m(vides)h(these)150 4966 y(sp)s(ecial)27 b(\014les,)g(bash)e(will)i(use)f(them;)h(otherwise)g(it)f(will)h(em)m (ulate)h(them)e(in)m(ternally)h(with)f(the)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)150 -4801 y(describ)s(ed)j(b)s(elo)m(w.)150 4961 y Ft(/dev/fd/)p -Fj(fd)630 5071 y Fu(If)h Fr(fd)j Fu(is)d(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31 -b(in)m(teger,)h(\014le)e(descriptor)h Fr(fd)i Fu(is)d(duplicated.)150 -5230 y Ft(/dev/stdin)630 5340 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)e(0)h(is)f -(duplicated.)p eop end +5076 y(describ)s(ed)j(b)s(elo)m(w.)150 5230 y Ft(/dev/fd/)p +Fj(fd)630 5340 y Fu(If)h Fr(fd)j Fu(is)d(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31 +b(in)m(teger,)h(\014le)e(descriptor)h Fr(fd)i Fu(is)d(duplicated.)p +eop end %%Page: 39 45 TeXDict begin 39 44 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(39)150 299 -y Ft(/dev/stdout)630 408 y Fu(File)32 b(descriptor)e(1)h(is)f -(duplicated.)150 595 y Ft(/dev/stderr)630 705 y Fu(File)i(descriptor)e -(2)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 892 y Ft(/dev/tcp/)p Fj(host)p -Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 1001 y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5 -b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c -Fr(p)s(ort)j Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 1111 -y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)i(service)h(name,)g(Bash)f(attempts)h(to)f -(op)s(en)f(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f(TCP)g(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)150 -1298 y Ft(/dev/udp/)p Fj(host)p Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 1407 -y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In) -m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c Fr(p)s(ort)j Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s -(ort)630 1517 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)h(service)h(name,)h(Bash)e -(attempts)h(to)g(op)s(en)f(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f(UDP)i(so)s(c)m(k)m -(et.)275 1718 y(A)30 b(failure)h(to)g(op)s(en)e(or)i(create)h(a)e -(\014le)h(causes)g(the)f(redirection)h(to)g(fail.)275 -1880 y(Redirections)f(using)e(\014le)i(descriptors)f(greater)h(than)f -(9)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(used)f(with)h(care,)h(as)g(they)f(ma)m(y)150 -1989 y(con\015ict)i(with)f(\014le)h(descriptors)f(the)g(shell)h(uses)f -(in)m(ternally)-8 b(.)150 2216 y Fk(3.6.1)63 b(Redirecting)40 -b(Input)150 2363 y Fu(Redirection)35 b(of)f(input)f(causes)i(the)f -(\014le)g(whose)g(name)g(results)g(from)g(the)g(expansion)g(of)g -Fr(w)m(ord)k 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y(presen)m(t)f(in)g(earlier)g(v)m(ersions.)52 +b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(instance,)g(the)f(c)m(hange)h(to)g(use)f(lo)s +(cale-based)h(comparisons)f(with)150 3296 y(the)e Ft([[)f +Fu(command)g(came)h(in)g(bash-4.1,)h(and)d(earlier)j(v)m(ersions)f +(used)f(ASCI)s(I-based)f(comparisons,)i(so)150 3406 y(enabling)27 +b Ft(compat32)e Fu(will)i(enable)g(ASCI)s(I-based)e(comparisons)i(as)g +(w)m(ell.)41 b(That)26 b(gran)m(ularit)m(y)i(ma)m(y)g(not)150 +3515 y(b)s(e)i(su\016cien)m(t)i(for)f(all)g(uses,)g(and)g(as)g(a)g +(result)g(users)f(should)g(emplo)m(y)i(compatibilit)m(y)h(lev)m(els)g +(carefully)-8 b(.)150 3625 y(Read)31 b(the)f(do)s(cumen)m(tation)h(for) +g(a)f(particular)h(feature)g(to)g(\014nd)e(out)h(the)h(curren)m(t)f(b)s +(eha)m(vior.)275 3765 y(Bash-4.3)44 b(in)m(tro)s(duced)e(a)h(new)f +(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable:)65 b Ft(BASH_COMPAT)p Fu(.)75 +b(The)42 b(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(assigned)g(to)g(this)150 +3875 y(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(\(a)g(decimal)h(v)m(ersion)e(n)m(um)m(b)s 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Ft(BASH_COMPAT)d Fu(on)j(bash-5.0)h(and)f(later)i(v)m -(ersions.)275 4402 y(The)24 b(follo)m(wing)i(table)g(describ)s(es)e +(ersions.)275 4624 y(The)24 b(follo)m(wing)i(table)g(describ)s(es)e (the)i(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(c)m(hanges)h(con)m(trolled)g(b)m(y)f(eac)m(h)h -(compatibilit)m(y)h(lev)m(el)150 4511 y(setting.)43 b(The)30 +(compatibilit)m(y)h(lev)m(el)150 4734 y(setting.)43 b(The)30 b Ft(compat)p Fr(NN)39 b Fu(tag)32 b(is)f(used)f(as)h(shorthand)e(for)h (setting)i(the)f(compatibilit)m(y)i(lev)m(el)f(to)g Fr(NN)150 -4621 y Fu(using)37 b(one)h(of)g(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(mec)m(hanisms.)63 +4843 y Fu(using)37 b(one)h(of)g(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(mec)m(hanisms.)63 b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(v)m(ersions)f(prior)f(to)h(bash-5.0,)j(the)d -(compatibilit)m(y)150 4731 y(lev)m(el)d(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)e(set)i(using)e +(compatibilit)m(y)150 4953 y(lev)m(el)d(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)e(set)i(using)e (the)i(corresp)s(onding)e Ft(compat)p Fr(NN)41 b Fu(shopt)33 b(option.)50 b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(bash-4.3)f(and)g(later)150 -4840 y(v)m(ersions,)40 b(the)e Ft(BASH_COMPAT)d Fu(v)-5 +5062 y(v)m(ersions,)40 b(the)e Ft(BASH_COMPAT)d Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(is)e(preferred,)i(and)e(it)i(is)f(required)f(for)g -(bash-5.1)i(and)e(later)150 4950 y(v)m(ersions.)150 5100 -y Ft(compat31)705 5230 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(quoting)34 b(the)g(rhs)e(of)i -(the)f Ft([[)g Fu(command's)h(regexp)f(matc)m(hing)i(op)s(erator)f(\(=) -p Ft(~)p Fu(\))f(has)810 5340 y(no)d(sp)s(ecial)h(e\013ect)p -eop end +(bash-5.1)i(and)e(later)150 5172 y(v)m(ersions.)150 5340 +y Ft(compat31)p eop end %%Page: 111 117 TeXDict begin 111 116 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 -b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(111)150 299 y Ft(compat32)705 -429 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)m(terrupting)28 b(a)g(command)g(list)h(suc)m +b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(111)705 299 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(quoting)34 b(the)g(rhs)e(of)i(the)f Ft([[)g Fu(command's)h(regexp) +f(matc)m(hing)i(op)s(erator)f(\(=)p Ft(~)p Fu(\))f(has)810 +408 y(no)d(sp)s(ecial)h(e\013ect)150 568 y Ft(compat32)705 +702 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)m(terrupting)28 b(a)g(command)g(list)h(suc)m (h)f(as)g Ft(")p Fu(a)g(;)h(b)f(;)h(c)p Ft(")f Fu(causes)h(the)f -(execution)h(of)g(the)810 539 y(next)j(command)f(in)g(the)h(list)g +(execution)h(of)g(the)810 812 y(next)j(command)f(in)g(the)h(list)g (\(in)f(bash-4.0)h(and)f(later)i(v)m(ersions,)f(the)g(shell)f(acts)i -(as)810 649 y(if)i(it)i(receiv)m(ed)f(the)g(in)m(terrupt,)h(so)f(in)m +(as)810 922 y(if)i(it)i(receiv)m(ed)f(the)g(in)m(terrupt,)h(so)f(in)m (terrupting)f(one)h(command)f(in)g(a)h(list)g(ab)s(orts)810 -758 y(the)31 b(execution)g(of)g(the)f(en)m(tire)i(list\))150 -909 y Ft(compat40)705 1040 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)35 b(`)p -Ft(<)p Fu(')g(and)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)h(to)g(the)g +1031 y(the)31 b(execution)g(of)g(the)f(en)m(tire)i(list\))150 +1191 y Ft(compat40)705 1325 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)35 +b(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(')g(and)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)h(to)g(the)g Ft([[)f Fu(command)h(do)f(not)h(consider)f(the)h(curren)m(t)810 -1149 y(lo)s(cale)41 b(when)d(comparing)i(strings;)k(they)c(use)f(ASCI)s -(I)f(ordering.)67 b(Bash)40 b(v)m(ersions)810 1259 y(prior)f(to)i +1435 y(lo)s(cale)41 b(when)d(comparing)i(strings;)k(they)c(use)f(ASCI)s +(I)f(ordering.)67 b(Bash)40 b(v)m(ersions)810 1544 y(prior)f(to)i (bash-4.1)f(use)g(ASCI)s(I)e(collation)k(and)d(strcmp\(3\);)45 -b(bash-4.1)c(and)e(later)810 1369 y(use)30 b(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s +b(bash-4.1)c(and)e(later)810 1654 y(use)30 b(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s (cale's)i(collation)h(sequence)d(and)g(strcoll\(3\).)150 -1520 y Ft(compat41)705 1650 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)29 b(p)s(osix)f(mo)s +1813 y Ft(compat41)705 1948 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)29 b(p)s(osix)f(mo)s (de,)i Ft(time)e Fu(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(options)g -(and)g(still)h(b)s(e)e(recognized)j(as)810 1760 y(a)g(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m +(and)g(still)h(b)s(e)e(recognized)j(as)810 2057 y(a)g(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m (ord)g(\(this)h(is)f Fm(posix)g Fu(in)m(terpretation)i(267\))705 -1891 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)37 b(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de,)i(the)g(parser)e +2192 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)37 b(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de,)i(the)g(parser)e (requires)g(that)i(an)f(ev)m(en)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(single)g -(quotes)810 2000 y(o)s(ccur)28 b(in)g(the)h Fr(w)m(ord)i +(quotes)810 2301 y(o)s(ccur)28 b(in)g(the)h Fr(w)m(ord)i Fu(p)s(ortion)d(of)h(a)g(double-quoted)f($)p Fi({)6 b Fu(.)23 b(.)f(.)11 b Fi(})29 b Fu(parameter)g(expansion)810 -2110 y(and)34 b(treats)h(them)f(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(,)37 +2411 y(and)34 b(treats)h(them)f(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(,)37 b(so)e(that)g(c)m(haracters)g(within)f(the)h(single)g(quotes)g(are)810 -2219 y(considered)30 b(quoted)h(\(this)f(is)h Fm(posix)e -Fu(in)m(terpretation)j(221\))150 2371 y Ft(compat42)705 -2501 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)29 b(replacemen)m(t)i(string)e(in)g +2521 y(considered)30 b(quoted)h(\(this)f(is)h Fm(posix)e +Fu(in)m(terpretation)j(221\))150 2680 y Ft(compat42)705 +2814 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)29 b(replacemen)m(t)i(string)e(in)g (double-quoted)h(pattern)f(substitution)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(un-)810 -2611 y(dergo)h(quote)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)32 b(as)e(it)h(do)s(es)f(in)g -(v)m(ersions)h(after)g(bash-4.2)705 2741 y Fq(\017)60 +2924 y(dergo)h(quote)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)32 b(as)e(it)h(do)s(es)f(in)g +(v)m(ersions)h(after)g(bash-4.2)705 3059 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(in)39 b(p)s(osix)g(mo)s(de,)j(single)e(quotes)g(are)g(considered)f -(sp)s(ecial)h(when)f(expanding)g(the)810 2851 y Fr(w)m(ord)d +(sp)s(ecial)h(when)f(expanding)g(the)810 3168 y Fr(w)m(ord)d Fu(p)s(ortion)c(of)g(a)h(double-quoted)g($)p Fi({)6 b Fu(.)22 b(.)h(.)11 b Fi(})33 b Fu(parameter)g(expansion)f(and)g(can)h -(b)s(e)810 2960 y(used)40 b(to)i(quote)g(a)f(closing)h(brace)f(or)g +(b)s(e)810 3278 y(used)40 b(to)i(quote)g(a)f(closing)h(brace)f(or)g (other)h(sp)s(ecial)f(c)m(haracter)i(\(this)e(is)g(part)g(of)810 -3070 y Fm(posix)36 b Fu(in)m(terpretation)h(221\);)42 +3387 y Fm(posix)36 b Fu(in)m(terpretation)h(221\);)42 b(in)36 b(later)h(v)m(ersions,)h(single)f(quotes)g(are)g(not)f(sp)s -(ecial)810 3180 y(within)30 b(double-quoted)g(w)m(ord)g(expansions)150 -3331 y Ft(compat43)705 3461 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)31 +(ecial)810 3497 y(within)30 b(double-quoted)g(w)m(ord)g(expansions)150 +3656 y Ft(compat43)705 3791 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)31 b(shell)g(do)s(es)g(not)g(prin)m(t)f(a)h(w)m(arning)g(message)h(if)f -(an)g(attempt)h(is)f(made)f(to)i(use)f(a)810 3571 y(quoted)22 +(an)g(attempt)h(is)f(made)f(to)i(use)f(a)810 3900 y(quoted)22 b(comp)s(ound)f(assignmen)m(t)i(as)f(an)g(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(declare)g -(\(declare)g(-a)g(fo)s(o='\(1)810 3680 y(2\)'\).)42 b(Later)31 +(\(declare)g(-a)g(fo)s(o='\(1)810 4010 y(2\)'\).)42 b(Later)31 b(v)m(ersions)g(w)m(arn)f(that)h(this)f(usage)h(is)f(deprecated)705 -3811 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(w)m(ord)21 b(expansion)g(errors)g(are)h +4144 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(w)m(ord)21 b(expansion)g(errors)g(are)h (considered)f(non-fatal)h(errors)f(that)h(cause)g(the)f(curren)m(t)810 -3921 y(command)k(to)g(fail,)i(ev)m(en)e(in)g(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)h +4254 y(command)k(to)g(fail,)i(ev)m(en)e(in)g(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)h (\(the)g(default)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(is)g(to)g(mak)m(e)h(them)810 -4030 y(fatal)32 b(errors)d(that)i(cause)g(the)g(shell)f(to)i(exit\))705 -4161 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(when)37 b(executing)i(a)g(shell)f(function,)i +4364 y(fatal)32 b(errors)d(that)i(cause)g(the)g(shell)f(to)i(exit\))705 +4498 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(when)37 b(executing)i(a)g(shell)f(function,)i (the)f(lo)s(op)f(state)h(\(while/un)m(til/etc.\))68 b(is)38 -b(not)810 4270 y(reset,)c(so)g Ft(break)d Fu(or)i Ft(continue)e +b(not)810 4608 y(reset,)c(so)g Ft(break)d Fu(or)i Ft(continue)e Fu(in)h(that)i(function)f(will)g(break)g(or)g(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(lo)s -(ops)810 4380 y(in)h(the)g(calling)h(con)m(text.)57 b(Bash-4.4)37 +(ops)810 4717 y(in)h(the)g(calling)h(con)m(text.)57 b(Bash-4.4)37 b(and)d(later)i(reset)g(the)f(lo)s(op)g(state)i(to)e(prev)m(en)m(t)810 -4489 y(this)150 4641 y Ft(compat44)705 4771 y Fq(\017)60 +4827 y(this)150 4986 y Ft(compat44)705 5121 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)41 b(shell)g(sets)g(up)e(the)i(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(used)f(b)m(y)h Ft(BASH_ARGV)d Fu(and)i Ft(BASH_ARGC)e -Fu(so)j(they)810 4881 y(can)26 b(expand)f(to)h(the)g(shell's)g(p)s +Fu(so)j(they)810 5230 y(can)26 b(expand)f(to)h(the)g(shell's)g(p)s (ositional)g(parameters)g(ev)m(en)h(if)e(extended)h(debugging)810 -4990 y(mo)s(de)k(is)g(not)h(enabled)705 5121 y Fq(\017)60 -b Fu(a)40 b(subshell)f(inherits)g(lo)s(ops)h(from)g(its)g(paren)m(t)g -(con)m(text,)k(so)c Ft(break)e Fu(or)i Ft(continue)810 -5230 y Fu(will)35 b(cause)g(the)f(subshell)f(to)i(exit.)54 -b(Bash-5.0)36 b(and)d(later)j(reset)f(the)f(lo)s(op)h(state)g(to)810 -5340 y(prev)m(en)m(t)c(the)g(exit)p eop end +5340 y(mo)s(de)k(is)g(not)h(enabled)p eop end %%Page: 112 118 TeXDict begin 112 117 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(112)705 299 y Fq(\017)60 +b Fu(a)40 b(subshell)f(inherits)g(lo)s(ops)h(from)g(its)g(paren)m(t)g +(con)m(text,)k(so)c Ft(break)e Fu(or)i Ft(continue)810 +408 y Fu(will)35 b(cause)g(the)f(subshell)f(to)i(exit.)54 +b(Bash-5.0)36 b(and)d(later)j(reset)f(the)f(lo)s(op)h(state)g(to)810 +518 y(prev)m(en)m(t)c(the)g(exit)705 653 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(assignmen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(builtins)f(lik)m (e)i Ft(export)d Fu(and)h Ft(readonly)e Fu(that)j(set)810 -408 y(attributes)37 b(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(to)g(a\013ect)g(v)-5 +762 y(attributes)37 b(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(to)g(a\013ect)g(v)-5 b(ariables)37 b(with)g(the)f(same)h(name)g(in)g(the)f(calling)810 -518 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t)31 b(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h(shell)g(is)f(not)h -(in)f(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)150 677 y Ft(compat50)f(\(set)h(using)g -(BASH_COMPAT\))705 787 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash-5.1)29 +872 y(en)m(vironmen)m(t)31 b(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h(shell)g(is)f(not)h +(in)f(p)s(osix)f(mo)s(de)150 1031 y Ft(compat50)f(\(set)h(using)g +(BASH_COMPAT\))705 1141 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash-5.1)29 b(c)m(hanged)g(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)g Ft($RANDOM)e Fu(is)i(generated)h(to)f -(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(sligh)m(tly)h(more)810 897 y(randomness.)39 +(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(sligh)m(tly)h(more)810 1250 y(randomness.)39 b(If)30 b(the)f(shell)h(compatibilit)m(y)i(lev)m(el)f(is)f(set)g(to)h -(50)f(or)g(lo)m(w)m(er,)h(it)f(rev)m(erts)810 1006 y(to)e(the)g(metho)s +(50)f(or)g(lo)m(w)m(er,)h(it)f(rev)m(erts)810 1360 y(to)e(the)g(metho)s (d)f(from)g(bash-5.0)h(and)f(previous)g(v)m(ersions,)i(so)e(seeding)h -(the)g(random)810 1116 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)36 b(generator)j(b)m(y)e +(the)g(random)810 1469 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)36 b(generator)j(b)m(y)e (assigning)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(to)g Ft(RANDOM)e Fu(will)i(pro)s -(duce)e(the)i(same)810 1225 y(sequence)31 b(as)f(in)g(bash-5.0)705 -1360 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(If)22 b(the)g(command)g(hash)f(table)i(is)f +(duce)e(the)i(same)810 1579 y(sequence)31 b(as)f(in)g(bash-5.0)705 +1714 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(If)22 b(the)g(command)g(hash)f(table)i(is)f (empt)m(y)-8 b(,)25 b(Bash)d(v)m(ersions)g(prior)g(to)h(bash-5.1)f -(prin)m(ted)810 1469 y(an)29 b(informational)i(message)g(to)f(that)g +(prin)m(ted)810 1823 y(an)29 b(informational)i(message)g(to)f(that)g (e\013ect,)h(ev)m(en)g(when)d(pro)s(ducing)g(output)h(that)810 -1579 y(can)40 b(b)s(e)g(reused)f(as)h(input.)69 b(Bash-5.1)42 +1933 y(can)40 b(b)s(e)g(reused)f(as)h(input.)69 b(Bash-5.1)42 b(suppresses)c(that)j(message)g(when)e(the)i Ft(-l)810 -1689 y Fu(option)31 b(is)f(supplied.)150 1848 y Ft(compat51)e(\(set)h -(using)g(BASH_COMPAT\))705 1958 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)38 +2042 y Fu(option)31 b(is)f(supplied.)150 2202 y Ft(compat51)e(\(set)h +(using)g(BASH_COMPAT\))705 2311 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(The)38 b Ft(unset)g Fu(builtin)g(will)h(unset)f(the)h(arra)m(y)g Ft(a)g Fu(giv)m(en)g(an)g(argumen)m(t)g(lik)m(e)h(`)p -Ft(a[@])p Fu('.)810 2067 y(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(unset)f(an)g(elemen)m +Ft(a[@])p Fu('.)810 2421 y(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(unset)f(an)g(elemen)m (t)i(with)e(k)m(ey)i(`)p Ft(@)p Fu(')e(\(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)k(arra)m -(ys\))d(or)f(remo)m(v)m(e)810 2177 y(all)h(the)g(elemen)m(ts)h(without) +(ys\))d(or)f(remo)m(v)m(e)810 2531 y(all)h(the)g(elemen)m(ts)h(without) e(unsetting)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(\(indexed)f(arra)m(ys\))705 -2311 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 b(commands)e(\()h(\(\(...\)\))55 +2665 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 b(commands)e(\()h(\(\(...\)\))55 b(\))f(and)34 b(the)g(expressions)h(in)f(an)g(arithmetic)i(for)810 -2421 y(statemen)m(t)c(can)f(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 -2555 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(expressions)22 b(used)g(as)h(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h +2775 y(statemen)m(t)c(can)f(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 +2909 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(expressions)22 b(used)g(as)h(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h (arithmetic)f(op)s(erators)g(in)g(the)g Ft([[)f Fu(conditional)810 -2665 y(command)30 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 -2800 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)35 b(expressions)g(in)g(substring)e +3019 y(command)30 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)f(more)i(than)f(once)705 +3153 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)35 b(expressions)g(in)g(substring)e (parameter)j(brace)f(expansion)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(expanded)810 -2909 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 3044 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)39 +3263 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 3397 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)39 b(expressions)f(in)g(the)h($\(\()h(...)66 b(\)\))f(w)m(ord)39 -b(expansion)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)g(more)810 3153 -y(than)30 b(once)705 3288 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 +b(expansion)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(expanded)g(more)810 3507 +y(than)30 b(once)705 3641 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(arithmetic)36 b(expressions)f(used)f(as)h(indexed)f(arra)m(y)i(subscripts)d(can)i(b)s -(e)g(expanded)810 3397 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 3532 +(e)g(expanded)810 3751 y(more)c(than)f(once)705 3885 y Fq(\017)60 b Ft(test)29 b(-v)p Fu(,)35 b(when)f(giv)m(en)h(an)g (argumen)m(t)g(of)f(`)p Ft(A[@])p Fu(',)h(where)f Fr(A)h -Fu(is)f(an)h(existing)g(asso-)810 3641 y(ciativ)m(e)h(arra)m(y)-8 +Fu(is)f(an)h(existing)g(asso-)810 3995 y(ciativ)m(e)h(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)37 b(will)d(return)f(true)g(if)h(the)h(arra)m(y)f(has)g(an)m(y)g -(set)g(elemen)m(ts.)53 b(Bash-5.2)810 3751 y(will)31 +(set)g(elemen)m(ts.)53 b(Bash-5.2)810 4105 y(will)31 b(lo)s(ok)g(for)f(and)g(rep)s(ort)f(on)i(a)f(k)m(ey)i(named)d(`)p -Ft(@)p Fu(')705 3885 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)40 b($)p Fi({)p +Ft(@)p Fu(')705 4239 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(the)40 b($)p Fi({)p Fr(parameter)7 b Fu([:]=)p Fr(v)-5 b(alue)5 b Fi(})42 b Fu(w)m(ord)e(expansion)f(will)i(return)d Fr(v)-5 b(alue)p -Fu(,)43 b(b)s(efore)d(an)m(y)810 3995 y(v)-5 b(ariable-sp)s(eci\014c)34 +Fu(,)43 b(b)s(efore)d(an)m(y)810 4349 y(v)-5 b(ariable-sp)s(eci\014c)34 b(transformations)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(b)s(een)e(p)s(erformed)f(\(e.g.,)36 -b(con)m(v)m(erting)e(to)810 4105 y(lo)m(w)m(ercase\).)43 +b(con)m(v)m(erting)e(to)810 4458 y(lo)m(w)m(ercase\).)43 b(Bash-5.2)32 b(will)f(return)e(the)i(\014nal)f(v)-5 -b(alue)31 b(assigned)f(to)i(the)e(v)-5 b(ariable.)p eop -end +b(alue)31 b(assigned)f(to)i(the)e(v)-5 b(ariable.)705 +4593 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(P)m(arsing)37 b(command)f(substitutions)g(will)g +(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e)h(as)g(if)f(extended)g(glob)h(\(see)g(Sec-)810 +4702 y(tion)30 b(4.3.2)h([The)f(Shopt)f(Builtin],)h(page)h(71\))f(is)g +(enabled,)g(so)g(that)g(parsing)f(a)h(com-)810 4812 y(mand)38 +b(substitution)g(con)m(taining)i(an)f(extglob)h(pattern)f(\(sa)m(y)-8 +b(,)42 b(as)d(part)g(of)g(a)g(shell)810 4922 y(function\))30 +b(will)h(not)g(fail.)41 b(This)30 b(assumes)g(the)h(in)m(ten)m(t)g(is)g +(to)g(enable)g(extglob)g(b)s(efore)810 5031 y(the)i(command)f(is)g +(executed)h(and)f(w)m(ord)g(expansions)g(are)h(p)s(erformed.)45 +b(It)33 b(will)f(fail)810 5141 y(at)42 b(w)m(ord)f(expansion)h(time)g +(if)f(extglob)i(hasn't)e(b)s(een)g(enabled)h(b)m(y)f(the)h(time)g(the) +810 5250 y(command)30 b(is)h(executed.)p eop end %%Page: 113 119 TeXDict begin 113 118 bop 3614 -116 a Fu(113)150 299 y Fp(7)80 b(Job)54 b(Con)l(trol)150 518 y Fu(This)25 @@ -16540,146 +16561,152 @@ b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2526 b(115)630 299 y Ft(-n)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)26 b(information)f(only)h(ab)s(out)e(jobs)h(that)g(ha)m (v)m(e)i(c)m(hanged)e(status)h(since)1110 408 y(the)31 b(user)e(w)m(as)i(last)g(noti\014ed)f(of)h(their)f(status.)630 -583 y Ft(-p)384 b Fu(List)31 b(only)f(the)h(pro)s(cess)f +570 y Ft(-p)384 b Fu(List)31 b(only)f(the)h(pro)s(cess)f Fm(id)g Fu(of)h(the)f(job's)g(pro)s(cess)g(group)g(leader.)630 -757 y Ft(-r)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)32 b(only)e(running)f(jobs.)630 -931 y Ft(-s)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)32 b(only)e(stopp)s(ed)f(jobs.)630 -1105 y(If)23 b Fr(jobsp)s(ec)28 b Fu(is)23 b(giv)m(en,)i(output)e(is)g +731 y Ft(-r)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)32 b(only)e(running)f(jobs.)630 +892 y Ft(-s)384 b Fu(Displa)m(y)32 b(only)e(stopp)s(ed)f(jobs.)630 +1053 y(If)23 b Fr(jobsp)s(ec)28 b Fu(is)23 b(giv)m(en,)i(output)e(is)g (restricted)h(to)g(information)f(ab)s(out)g(that)h(job.)37 -b(If)23 b Fr(jobsp)s(ec)630 1214 y Fu(is)30 b(not)h(supplied,)e(the)i -(status)g(of)f(all)h(jobs)f(is)h(listed.)630 1356 y(If)k(the)g +b(If)23 b Fr(jobsp)s(ec)630 1163 y Fu(is)30 b(not)h(supplied,)e(the)i +(status)g(of)f(all)h(jobs)f(is)h(listed.)630 1298 y(If)k(the)g Ft(-x)f Fu(option)i(is)f(supplied,)g Ft(jobs)f Fu(replaces)i(an)m(y)f Fr(jobsp)s(ec)40 b Fu(found)34 b(in)h Fr(command)j Fu(or)630 -1466 y Fr(argumen)m(ts)j Fu(with)c(the)h(corresp)s(onding)e(pro)s(cess) +1408 y Fr(argumen)m(ts)j Fu(with)c(the)h(corresp)s(onding)e(pro)s(cess) h(group)f Fm(id)p Fu(,)k(and)c(executes)j Fr(command)p -Fu(,)630 1575 y(passing)30 b(it)h Fr(argumen)m(t)r Fu(s,)g(returning)f -(its)g(exit)i(status.)150 1749 y Ft(kill)870 1891 y(kill)47 +Fu(,)630 1517 y(passing)30 b(it)h Fr(argumen)m(t)r Fu(s,)g(returning)f +(its)g(exit)i(status.)150 1678 y Ft(kill)870 1814 y(kill)47 b([-s)g Fj(sigspec)p Ft(])e([-n)i Fj(signum)p Ft(])f([-)p -Fj(sigspec)p Ft(])f Fj(jobspec)h Ft(or)h Fj(pid)870 2001 -y Ft(kill)g(-l|-L)f([)p Fj(exit_status)p Ft(])630 2143 +Fj(sigspec)p Ft(])f Fj(jobspec)h Ft(or)h Fj(pid)870 1923 +y Ft(kill)g(-l|-L)f([)p Fj(exit_status)p Ft(])630 2059 y Fu(Send)22 b(a)i(signal)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)g Fr(sigsp)s(ec)29 b Fu(or)24 b Fr(sign)m(um)f Fu(to)h(the)g(pro)s(cess)f -(named)g(b)m(y)g(job)g(sp)s(eci\014-)630 2252 y(cation)k +(named)g(b)m(y)g(job)g(sp)s(eci\014-)630 2168 y(cation)k Fr(jobsp)s(ec)j Fu(or)25 b(pro)s(cess)g Fm(id)h Fr(pid)p Fu(.)38 b Fr(sigsp)s(ec)31 b Fu(is)25 b(either)h(a)g(case-insensitiv)m -(e)i(signal)e(name)630 2362 y(suc)m(h)37 b(as)g Ft(SIGINT)f +(e)i(signal)e(name)630 2278 y(suc)m(h)37 b(as)g Ft(SIGINT)f Fu(\(with)h(or)g(without)g(the)g Ft(SIG)g Fu(pre\014x\))f(or)h(a)h -(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er;)h Fr(sign)m(um)630 2471 y +(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er;)h Fr(sign)m(um)630 2388 y Fu(is)g(a)f(signal)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)63 b(If)39 b Fr(sigsp)s(ec)44 b Fu(and)38 b Fr(sign)m(um)g Fu(are)h(not)g(presen)m(t,)h -Ft(SIGTERM)d Fu(is)h(used.)630 2581 y(The)27 b Ft(-l)h +Ft(SIGTERM)d Fu(is)h(used.)630 2497 y(The)27 b Ft(-l)h Fu(option)g(lists)h(the)f(signal)h(names.)39 b(If)28 b(an)m(y)g(argumen)m(ts)h(are)f(supplied)f(when)g Ft(-l)g -Fu(is)630 2690 y(giv)m(en,)32 b(the)g(names)e(of)i(the)f(signals)g +Fu(is)630 2607 y(giv)m(en,)32 b(the)g(names)e(of)i(the)f(signals)g (corresp)s(onding)f(to)i(the)f(argumen)m(ts)g(are)h(listed,)g(and)630 -2800 y(the)c(return)f(status)h(is)g(zero.)41 b Fr(exit)p -1796 2800 28 4 v 41 w(status)32 b Fu(is)c(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(sp)s -(ecifying)g(a)i(signal)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(or)630 2910 +2716 y(the)c(return)f(status)h(is)g(zero.)41 b Fr(exit)p +1796 2716 28 4 v 41 w(status)32 b Fu(is)c(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(sp)s +(ecifying)g(a)i(signal)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(or)630 2826 y(the)h(exit)h(status)g(of)f(a)h(pro)s(cess)e(terminated)i(b)m(y)f(a)h (signal.)40 b(The)28 b Ft(-L)g Fu(option)g(is)g(equiv)-5 -b(alen)m(t)630 3019 y(to)34 b Ft(-l)p Fu(.)47 b(The)32 +b(alen)m(t)630 2935 y(to)34 b Ft(-l)p Fu(.)47 b(The)32 b(return)g(status)h(is)g(zero)g(if)g(at)g(least)h(one)f(signal)h(w)m -(as)f(successfully)g(sen)m(t,)h(or)630 3129 y(non-zero)d(if)f(an)h +(as)f(successfully)g(sen)m(t,)h(or)630 3045 y(non-zero)d(if)f(an)h (error)f(o)s(ccurs)g(or)g(an)g(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(option)g(is)f -(encoun)m(tered.)150 3303 y Ft(wait)870 3445 y(wait)47 +(encoun)m(tered.)150 3206 y Ft(wait)870 3342 y(wait)47 b([-fn])f([-p)h Fj(varname)p Ft(])e([)p Fj(jobspec)h -Ft(or)h Fj(pid)g Ft(...)o(])630 3587 y Fu(W)-8 b(ait)28 +Ft(or)h Fj(pid)g Ft(...)o(])630 3477 y Fu(W)-8 b(ait)28 b(un)m(til)f(the)f(c)m(hild)h(pro)s(cess)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)g (eac)m(h)h(pro)s(cess)f Fm(id)h Fr(pid)i Fu(or)d(job)g(sp)s -(eci\014cation)630 3696 y Fr(jobsp)s(ec)40 b Fu(exits)35 +(eci\014cation)630 3587 y Fr(jobsp)s(ec)40 b Fu(exits)35 b(and)f(return)g(the)g(exit)i(status)f(of)g(the)g(last)g(command)f(w)m -(aited)i(for.)53 b(If)35 b(a)630 3806 y(job)g(sp)s(ec)f(is)h(giv)m(en,) +(aited)i(for.)53 b(If)35 b(a)630 3696 y(job)g(sp)s(ec)f(is)h(giv)m(en,) i(all)f(pro)s(cesses)f(in)f(the)h(job)g(are)g(w)m(aited)h(for.)54 -b(If)35 b(no)f(argumen)m(ts)i(are)630 3915 y(giv)m(en,)28 +b(If)35 b(no)f(argumen)m(ts)i(are)630 3806 y(giv)m(en,)28 b Ft(wait)c Fu(w)m(aits)j(for)e(all)i(running)c(bac)m(kground)j(jobs)f -(and)g(the)h(last-executed)h(pro)s(cess)630 4025 y(substitution,)37 +(and)g(the)h(last-executed)h(pro)s(cess)630 3915 y(substitution,)37 b(if)f(its)g(pro)s(cess)f(id)h(is)f(the)h(same)g(as)g Fr($!)p Fu(,)i(and)d(the)h(return)f(status)h(is)g(zero.)630 -4134 y(If)h(the)h Ft(-n)f Fu(option)h(is)f(supplied,)i +4025 y(If)h(the)h Ft(-n)f Fu(option)h(is)f(supplied,)i Ft(wait)d Fu(w)m(aits)j(for)e(a)h(single)g(job)f(from)h(the)f(list)i -(of)e Fr(pid)t Fu(s)630 4244 y(or)31 b Fr(jobsp)s(ec)6 +(of)e Fr(pid)t Fu(s)630 4134 y(or)31 b Fr(jobsp)s(ec)6 b Fu(s)30 b(or,)i(if)f(no)g(argumen)m(ts)h(are)f(supplied,)g(an)m(y)g -(job,)h(to)g(complete)h(and)d(returns)630 4354 y(its)36 +(job,)h(to)g(complete)h(and)d(returns)630 4244 y(its)36 b(exit)h(status.)56 b(If)35 b(none)h(of)g(the)g(supplied)e(argumen)m (ts)i(is)f(a)h(c)m(hild)g(of)g(the)g(shell,)h(or)f(if)630 -4463 y(no)31 b(argumen)m(ts)g(are)g(supplied)f(and)g(the)h(shell)g(has) +4354 y(no)31 b(argumen)m(ts)g(are)g(supplied)f(and)g(the)h(shell)g(has) g(no)f(un)m(w)m(aited-for)i(c)m(hildren,)f(the)g(exit)630 -4573 y(status)k(is)g(127.)55 b(If)34 b(the)h Ft(-p)g +4463 y(status)k(is)g(127.)55 b(If)34 b(the)h Ft(-p)g Fu(option)g(is)g(supplied,)f(the)h(pro)s(cess)g(or)f(job)h(iden)m -(ti\014er)g(of)g(the)630 4682 y(job)j(for)g(whic)m(h)f(the)i(exit)g +(ti\014er)g(of)g(the)630 4573 y(job)j(for)g(whic)m(h)f(the)i(exit)g (status)f(is)g(returned)f(is)h(assigned)h(to)g(the)f(v)-5 -b(ariable)39 b Fr(v)-5 b(arname)630 4792 y Fu(named)29 +b(ariable)39 b Fr(v)-5 b(arname)630 4682 y Fu(named)29 b(b)m(y)f(the)i(option)f(argumen)m(t.)41 b(The)28 b(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(will)g(b)s(e)e(unset)h(initially)-8 b(,)31 -b(b)s(efore)e(an)m(y)630 4902 y(assignmen)m(t.)76 b(This)41 +b(b)s(efore)e(an)m(y)630 4792 y(assignmen)m(t.)76 b(This)41 b(is)h(useful)f(only)h(when)f(the)h Ft(-n)f Fu(option)i(is)f(supplied.) -74 b(Supplying)630 5011 y(the)39 b Ft(-f)f Fu(option,)k(when)37 -b(job)i(con)m(trol)h(is)f(enabled,)i(forces)e Ft(wait)e -Fu(to)j(w)m(ait)g(for)e(eac)m(h)i Fr(pid)630 5121 y Fu(or)29 -b Fr(jobsp)s(ec)34 b Fu(to)c(terminate)g(b)s(efore)f(returning)f(its)h -(status,)h(in)m(tead)g(of)f(returning)f(when)g(it)630 -5230 y(c)m(hanges)37 b(status.)58 b(If)35 b(neither)h -Fr(jobsp)s(ec)41 b Fu(nor)36 b Fr(pid)i Fu(sp)s(eci\014es)e(an)g(activ) -m(e)i(c)m(hild)e(pro)s(cess)g(of)630 5340 y(the)31 b(shell,)f(the)h -(return)e(status)i(is)f(127.)p eop end +74 b(Supplying)630 4902 y(the)31 b Ft(-f)g Fu(option,)g(when)f(job)h +(con)m(trol)i(is)e(enabled,)g(forces)g Ft(wait)f Fu(to)i(w)m(ait)g(for) +f(eac)m(h)h Fr(pid)i Fu(or)630 5011 y Fr(jobsp)s(ec)40 +b Fu(to)d(terminate)f(b)s(efore)f(returning)g(its)h(status,)h(instead)f +(of)f(returning)g(when)f(it)630 5121 y(c)m(hanges)j(status.)58 +b(If)35 b(neither)h Fr(jobsp)s(ec)41 b Fu(nor)36 b Fr(pid)i +Fu(sp)s(eci\014es)e(an)g(activ)m(e)i(c)m(hild)e(pro)s(cess)g(of)630 +5230 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b(and)d(neither)h(the)g -Ft(-a)f Fu(nor)g(the)h Ft(-r)f Fu(option)h(is)g(supplied,)g(the)g -(curren)m(t)g(job)f(is)630 1006 y(used.)g(If)25 b(no)h -Fr(jobsp)s(ec)k Fu(is)c(supplied,)f(the)h Ft(-a)f Fu(option)h(means)g -(to)g(remo)m(v)m(e)h(or)e(mark)h(all)g(jobs;)630 1116 -y(the)31 b Ft(-r)e Fu(option)i(without)g(a)f Fr(jobsp)s(ec)36 -b Fu(argumen)m(t)30 b(restricts)h(op)s(eration)g(to)g(running)e(jobs.) -150 1275 y Ft(suspend)870 1410 y(suspend)46 b([-f])630 -1544 y Fu(Susp)s(end)31 b(the)i(execution)h(of)g(this)f(shell)g(un)m -(til)h(it)g(receiv)m(es)h(a)e Ft(SIGCONT)f Fu(signal.)50 -b(A)33 b(login)630 1654 y(shell,)25 b(or)f(a)g(shell)f(without)h(job)f -(con)m(trol)i(enabled,)g(cannot)f(b)s(e)f(susp)s(ended;)h(the)g -Ft(-f)e Fu(option)630 1763 y(can)35 b(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)i(o)m(v)m +b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2526 b(116)630 299 y(page)33 b(45\).)48 +b(Otherwise,)32 b(the)h(return)e(status)i(is)f(the)g(exit)i(status)e +(of)h(the)f(last)h(pro)s(cess)f(or)630 408 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