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This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.0 since
the release of bash-2.05b. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
the place to look for complete descriptions.
1. New Features in Bash
a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.
b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.
c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
idea of word break characters.
d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
will actually be performed.
e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
more extensibility and backwards compatibility.
f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.
g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.
h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
BASH_COMMAND
i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
variable.
j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
for the debugger.
k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).
l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new
`extdebug' shell option.
m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to
`set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls
whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.
n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
command.
o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
support code.
p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
if the `extdebug' option is set.
q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
function or sourced script forces a `return'.
r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.
s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
executed, for the debugger.
t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
enabled.
u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.
v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
of array.
w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
if they're the only possibilities.
x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
style' (filename:lineno:message) format.
y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
result in a match.
z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
possible completions.
aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
job control.
bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out
timestamp information when the history file is written.
cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.
dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].
ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
BASH_REMATCH array variable.
ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
expansion fails to produce a match.
gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
one.
hh. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
ii. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
jj. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
messages can be translated into different languages.
kk. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
ll. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
the error as coming from bash.
mm. A bug that caused here documents to not work if the directory the shell
used for the temporary files was not writable has been fixed.
nn. The parameter pattern removal and substitution expansions are now much
faster and more efficient when using multibyte characters.
oo. Fixed a bug in the `shift' builtin that could cause core dumps when
reporting an out-of-range argument.
pp. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
even if job control is not enabled.
qq. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.
2. New Features in Readline
a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
for compatibility with the BSD csh.
b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.
c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
replacing the current line with the history line.
d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
`.'.
e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline
completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.
f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.
g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
with each entry.
h. Four new key binding functions have been added:
rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()
i. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
function.
j. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not
attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.
k. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
Set before readline calls any application completion function.
l. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows
the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.
m. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as
unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.
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