Fix race exposed by gdb.threads/killed.exp

On GNU/Linux, this test sometimes FAILs like this:

 (gdb) run
 Starting program: /home/pedro/gdb/mygit/build/gdb/testsuite/gdb.threads/killed
 [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
 Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/libthread_db.so.1".
 ptrace: No such process.
 (gdb)
 Program terminated with signal SIGKILL, Killed.
 The program no longer exists.
 FAIL: gdb.threads/killed.exp: run program to completion (timeout)

Note the suspicious "No such process" line (that's errno==ESRCH).
Adding debug output we see:

  linux_nat_wait: [process -1], [TARGET_WNOHANG]
  LLW: enter
  LNW: waitpid(-1, ...) returned 18465, ERRNO-OK
  LLW: waitpid 18465 received Stopped (signal) (stopped)
  LNW: waitpid(-1, ...) returned 18461, ERRNO-OK
  LLW: waitpid 18461 received Trace/breakpoint trap (stopped)
  LLW: Handling extended status 0x03057f
  LHEW: Got clone event from LWP 18461, new child is LWP 18465
  LNW: waitpid(-1, ...) returned 0, ERRNO-OK
  RSRL: resuming stopped-resumed LWP LWP 18465 at 0x3b36af4b51: step=0
  RSRL: resuming stopped-resumed LWP LWP 18461 at 0x3b36af4b51: step=0
  sigchld
  ptrace: No such process.
  (gdb) linux_nat_wait: [process -1], [TARGET_WNOHANG]
  LLW: enter
  LNW: waitpid(-1, ...) returned 18465, ERRNO-OK
  LLW: waitpid 18465 received Killed (terminated)
  LLW: LWP 18465 exited.
  LNW: waitpid(-1, ...) returned 18461, No child processes
  LLW: waitpid 18461 received Killed (terminated)
  Process 18461 exited
  LNW: waitpid(-1, ...) returned -1, No child processes
  LLW: exit
  sigchld
  infrun: target_wait (-1, status) =
  infrun:   18461 [process 18461],
  infrun:   status->kind = signalled, signal = GDB_SIGNAL_KILL
  infrun: TARGET_WAITKIND_SIGNALLED

  Program terminated with signal SIGKILL, Killed.
  The program no longer exists.
  infrun: stop_waiting
  FAIL: gdb.threads/killed.exp: run program to completion (timeout)

The issue is that here:

  RSRL: resuming stopped-resumed LWP LWP 18465 at 0x3b36af4b51: step=0
  RSRL: resuming stopped-resumed LWP LWP 18461 at 0x3b36af4b51: step=0

The first line shows we had just resumed LWP 18465, which does:

 void *
 child_func (void *dummy)
 {
   kill (pid, SIGKILL);
   exit (1);
 }

So if the kernel manages to schedule that thread fast enough, the
process may be killed before GDB has a chance to resume LWP 18461.

GDBserver has code at the tail end of linux_resume_one_lwp to cope
with this:

~~~
    ptrace (step ? PTRACE_SINGLESTEP : PTRACE_CONT, lwpid_of (thread),
	    (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG3) 0,
	    /* Coerce to a uintptr_t first to avoid potential gcc warning
	       of coercing an 8 byte integer to a 4 byte pointer.  */
	    (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG4) (uintptr_t) signal);

    current_thread = saved_thread;
    if (errno)
      {
	/* ESRCH from ptrace either means that the thread was already
	   running (an error) or that it is gone (a race condition).  If
	   it's gone, we will get a notification the next time we wait,
	   so we can ignore the error.  We could differentiate these
	   two, but it's tricky without waiting; the thread still exists
	   as a zombie, so sending it signal 0 would succeed.  So just
	   ignore ESRCH.  */
	if (errno == ESRCH)
	  return;

	perror_with_name ("ptrace");
      }
~~~

However, that's not a complete fix, because between starting to handle
the resume request and getting that PTRACE_CONTINUE, we run other
ptrace calls that can also fail with ESRCH, and that end up throwing
an error (with perror_with_name).

In the case above, I indeed sometimes see resume_stopped_resumed_lwps
fail in the registers read:

resume_stopped_resumed_lwps (struct lwp_info *lp, void *data)
{
...
      CORE_ADDR pc = regcache_read_pc (regcache);

Or e.g., in 32-bit mode, i386_linux_resume has several calls that can
throw too.

Whether to ignore ptrace errors or not depends on context that is only
available somewhere up the call chain.  So the fix is to let ptrace
errors throw as they do today, and wrap the resume request in a
TRY/CATCH that swallows it iff the lwp that we were trying to resume
is no longer ptrace-stopped.

gdb/gdbserver/ChangeLog:
2015-03-19  Pedro Alves  <palves@redhat.com>

	* linux-low.c (linux_resume_one_lwp): Rename to ...
	(linux_resume_one_lwp_throw): ... this.  Don't handle ESRCH here,
	instead call perror_with_name.
	(check_ptrace_stopped_lwp_gone): New function.
	(linux_resume_one_lwp): Reimplement as wrapper around
	linux_resume_one_lwp_throw that swallows errors if the LWP is
	gone.

gdb/ChangeLog:
2015-03-19  Pedro Alves  <palves@redhat.com>

	* linux-nat.c (linux_resume_one_lwp): Rename to ...
	(linux_resume_one_lwp_throw): ... this.  Don't handle ESRCH here,
	instead call perror_with_name.
	(check_ptrace_stopped_lwp_gone): New function.
	(linux_resume_one_lwp): Reimplement as wrapper around
	linux_resume_one_lwp_throw that swallows errors if the LWP is
	gone.
	(resume_stopped_resumed_lwps): Try register reads in TRY/CATCH and
	swallows errors if the LWP is gone.  Use
	linux_resume_one_lwp_throw instead of linux_resume_one_lwp.

6 files changed, 186 insertions, 33 deletions

diff --git a/gdb/ChangeLog b/gdb/ChangeLog
index 7ae3c583477..a8b8850f7f6 100644
--- a/gdb/ChangeLog
+++ b/gdb/ChangeLog
@@ -1,5 +1,18 @@
 2015-03-19  Pedro Alves  <palves@redhat.com>
 
+	* linux-nat.c (linux_resume_one_lwp): Rename to ...
+	(linux_resume_one_lwp_throw): ... this.  Don't handle ESRCH here,
+	instead call perror_with_name.
+	(check_ptrace_stopped_lwp_gone): New function.
+	(linux_resume_one_lwp): Reimplement as wrapper around
+	linux_resume_one_lwp_throw that swallows errors if the LWP is
+	gone.
+	(resume_stopped_resumed_lwps): Try register reads in TRY/CATCH and
+	swallows errors if the LWP is gone.  Use
+	linux_resume_one_lwp_throw instead of linux_resume_one_lwp.
+
+2015-03-19  Pedro Alves  <palves@redhat.com>
+
 	* linux-nat.c (status_callback): Return early if the LWP has no
 	status pending.
 
diff --git a/gdb/gdbserver/ChangeLog b/gdb/gdbserver/ChangeLog
index 0383e67c59a..cbd199b6c9f 100644
--- a/gdb/gdbserver/ChangeLog
+++ b/gdb/gdbserver/ChangeLog
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 2015-03-19  Pedro Alves  <palves@redhat.com>
 
+	* linux-low.c (linux_resume_one_lwp): Rename to ...
+	(linux_resume_one_lwp_throw): ... this.  Don't handle ESRCH here,
+	instead call perror_with_name.
+	(check_ptrace_stopped_lwp_gone): New function.
+	(linux_resume_one_lwp): Reimplement as wrapper around
+	linux_resume_one_lwp_throw that swallows errors if the LWP is
+	gone.
+
+2015-03-19  Pedro Alves  <palves@redhat.com>
+
 	* linux-low.c (count_events_callback, select_event_lwp_callback):
 	No longer check whether the thread has resume_stop as last resume
 	kind.
diff --git a/gdb/gdbserver/linux-low.c b/gdb/gdbserver/linux-low.c
index 2b988ec1361..0c5411510f5 100644
--- a/gdb/gdbserver/linux-low.c
+++ b/gdb/gdbserver/linux-low.c
@@ -3379,13 +3379,12 @@ stop_all_lwps (int suspend, struct lwp_info *except)
     }
 }
 
-/* Resume execution of the inferior process.
-   If STEP is nonzero, single-step it.
-   If SIGNAL is nonzero, give it that signal.  */
+/* Resume execution of LWP.  If STEP is nonzero, single-step it.  If
+   SIGNAL is nonzero, give it that signal.  */
 
 static void
-linux_resume_one_lwp (struct lwp_info *lwp,
-		      int step, int signal, siginfo_t *info)
+linux_resume_one_lwp_throw (struct lwp_info *lwp,
+			    int step, int signal, siginfo_t *info)
 {
   struct thread_info *thread = get_lwp_thread (lwp);
   struct thread_info *saved_thread;
@@ -3566,8 +3565,6 @@ linux_resume_one_lwp (struct lwp_info *lwp,
 
   regcache_invalidate_thread (thread);
   errno = 0;
-  lwp->stopped = 0;
-  lwp->stop_reason = TARGET_STOPPED_BY_NO_REASON;
   lwp->stepping = step;
   ptrace (step ? PTRACE_SINGLESTEP : PTRACE_CONT, lwpid_of (thread),
 	  (PTRACE_TYPE_ARG3) 0,
@@ -3577,19 +3574,68 @@ linux_resume_one_lwp (struct lwp_info *lwp,
 
   current_thread = saved_thread;
   if (errno)
+    perror_with_name ("resuming thread");
+
+  /* Successfully resumed.  Clear state that no longer makes sense,
+     and mark the LWP as running.  Must not do this before resuming
+     otherwise if that fails other code will be confused.  E.g., we'd
+     later try to stop the LWP and hang forever waiting for a stop
+     status.  Note that we must not throw after this is cleared,
+     otherwise handle_zombie_lwp_error would get confused.  */
+  lwp->stopped = 0;
+  lwp->stop_reason = TARGET_STOPPED_BY_NO_REASON;
+}
+
+/* Called when we try to resume a stopped LWP and that errors out.  If
+   the LWP is no longer in ptrace-stopped state (meaning it's zombie,
+   or about to become), discard the error, clear any pending status
+   the LWP may have, and return true (we'll collect the exit status
+   soon enough).  Otherwise, return false.  */
+
+static int
+check_ptrace_stopped_lwp_gone (struct lwp_info *lp)
+{
+  struct thread_info *thread = get_lwp_thread (lp);
+
+  /* If we get an error after resuming the LWP successfully, we'd
+     confuse !T state for the LWP being gone.  */
+  gdb_assert (lp->stopped);
+
+  /* We can't just check whether the LWP is in 'Z (Zombie)' state,
+     because even if ptrace failed with ESRCH, the tracee may be "not
+     yet fully dead", but already refusing ptrace requests.  In that
+     case the tracee has 'R (Running)' state for a little bit
+     (observed in Linux 3.18).  See also the note on ESRCH in the
+     ptrace(2) man page.  Instead, check whether the LWP has any state
+     other than ptrace-stopped.  */
+
+  /* Don't assume anything if /proc/PID/status can't be read.  */
+  if (linux_proc_pid_is_trace_stopped_nowarn (lwpid_of (thread)) == 0)
     {
-      /* ESRCH from ptrace either means that the thread was already
-	 running (an error) or that it is gone (a race condition).  If
-	 it's gone, we will get a notification the next time we wait,
-	 so we can ignore the error.  We could differentiate these
-	 two, but it's tricky without waiting; the thread still exists
-	 as a zombie, so sending it signal 0 would succeed.  So just
-	 ignore ESRCH.  */
-      if (errno == ESRCH)
-	return;
+      lp->stop_reason = TARGET_STOPPED_BY_NO_REASON;
+      lp->status_pending_p = 0;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Like linux_resume_one_lwp_throw, but no error is thrown if the LWP
+   disappears while we try to resume it.  */
 
-      perror_with_name ("ptrace");
+static void
+linux_resume_one_lwp (struct lwp_info *lwp,
+		      int step, int signal, siginfo_t *info)
+{
+  TRY
+    {
+      linux_resume_one_lwp_throw (lwp, step, signal, info);
+    }
+  CATCH (ex, RETURN_MASK_ERROR)
+    {
+      if (!check_ptrace_stopped_lwp_gone (lwp))
+	throw_exception (ex);
     }
+  END_CATCH
 }
 
 struct thread_resume_array
diff --git a/gdb/linux-nat.c b/gdb/linux-nat.c
index 40f1e1fce40..8b620417a40 100644
--- a/gdb/linux-nat.c
+++ b/gdb/linux-nat.c
@@ -1503,7 +1503,8 @@ linux_nat_detach (struct target_ops *ops, const char *args, int from_tty)
    single-step it.  If SIGNAL is nonzero, give it that signal.  */
 
 static void
-linux_resume_one_lwp (struct lwp_info *lp, int step, enum gdb_signal signo)
+linux_resume_one_lwp_throw (struct lwp_info *lp, int step,
+			    enum gdb_signal signo)
 {
   lp->step = step;
 
@@ -1522,11 +1523,68 @@ linux_resume_one_lwp (struct lwp_info *lp, int step, enum gdb_signal signo)
   if (linux_nat_prepare_to_resume != NULL)
     linux_nat_prepare_to_resume (lp);
   linux_ops->to_resume (linux_ops, lp->ptid, step, signo);
-  lp->stop_reason = TARGET_STOPPED_BY_NO_REASON;
+
+  /* Successfully resumed.  Clear state that no longer makes sense,
+     and mark the LWP as running.  Must not do this before resuming
+     otherwise if that fails other code will be confused.  E.g., we'd
+     later try to stop the LWP and hang forever waiting for a stop
+     status.  Note that we must not throw after this is cleared,
+     otherwise handle_zombie_lwp_error would get confused.  */
   lp->stopped = 0;
+  lp->stop_reason = TARGET_STOPPED_BY_NO_REASON;
   registers_changed_ptid (lp->ptid);
 }
 
+/* Called when we try to resume a stopped LWP and that errors out.  If
+   the LWP is no longer in ptrace-stopped state (meaning it's zombie,
+   or about to become), discard the error, clear any pending status
+   the LWP may have, and return true (we'll collect the exit status
+   soon enough).  Otherwise, return false.  */
+
+static int
+check_ptrace_stopped_lwp_gone (struct lwp_info *lp)
+{
+  /* If we get an error after resuming the LWP successfully, we'd
+     confuse !T state for the LWP being gone.  */
+  gdb_assert (lp->stopped);
+
+  /* We can't just check whether the LWP is in 'Z (Zombie)' state,
+     because even if ptrace failed with ESRCH, the tracee may be "not
+     yet fully dead", but already refusing ptrace requests.  In that
+     case the tracee has 'R (Running)' state for a little bit
+     (observed in Linux 3.18).  See also the note on ESRCH in the
+     ptrace(2) man page.  Instead, check whether the LWP has any state
+     other than ptrace-stopped.  */
+
+  /* Don't assume anything if /proc/PID/status can't be read.  */
+  if (linux_proc_pid_is_trace_stopped_nowarn (ptid_get_lwp (lp->ptid)) == 0)
+    {
+      lp->stop_reason = TARGET_STOPPED_BY_NO_REASON;
+      lp->status = 0;
+      lp->waitstatus.kind = TARGET_WAITKIND_IGNORE;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Like linux_resume_one_lwp_throw, but no error is thrown if the LWP
+   disappears while we try to resume it.  */
+
+static void
+linux_resume_one_lwp (struct lwp_info *lp, int step, enum gdb_signal signo)
+{
+  TRY
+    {
+      linux_resume_one_lwp_throw (lp, step, signo);
+    }
+  CATCH (ex, RETURN_MASK_ERROR)
+    {
+      if (!check_ptrace_stopped_lwp_gone (lp))
+	throw_exception (ex);
+    }
+  END_CATCH
+}
+
 /* Resume LP.  */
 
 static void
@@ -3542,24 +3600,39 @@ resume_stopped_resumed_lwps (struct lwp_info *lp, void *data)
     {
       struct regcache *regcache = get_thread_regcache (lp->ptid);
       struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_regcache_arch (regcache);
-      CORE_ADDR pc = regcache_read_pc (regcache);
 
-      /* Don't bother if there's a breakpoint at PC that we'd hit
-	 immediately, and we're not waiting for this LWP.  */
-      if (!ptid_match (lp->ptid, *wait_ptid_p))
+      TRY
 	{
-	  if (breakpoint_inserted_here_p (get_regcache_aspace (regcache), pc))
-	    return 0;
-	}
+	  CORE_ADDR pc = regcache_read_pc (regcache);
+	  int leave_stopped = 0;
 
-      if (debug_linux_nat)
-	fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog,
-			    "RSRL: resuming stopped-resumed LWP %s at %s: step=%d\n",
-			    target_pid_to_str (lp->ptid),
-			    paddress (gdbarch, pc),
-			    lp->step);
+	  /* Don't bother if there's a breakpoint at PC that we'd hit
+	     immediately, and we're not waiting for this LWP.  */
+	  if (!ptid_match (lp->ptid, *wait_ptid_p))
+	    {
+	      if (breakpoint_inserted_here_p (get_regcache_aspace (regcache), pc))
+		leave_stopped = 1;
+	    }
 
-      linux_resume_one_lwp (lp, lp->step, GDB_SIGNAL_0);
+	  if (!leave_stopped)
+	    {
+	      if (debug_linux_nat)
+		fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog,
+				    "RSRL: resuming stopped-resumed LWP %s at "
+				    "%s: step=%d\n",
+				    target_pid_to_str (lp->ptid),
+				    paddress (gdbarch, pc),
+				    lp->step);
+
+	      linux_resume_one_lwp_throw (lp, lp->step, GDB_SIGNAL_0);
+	    }
+	}
+      CATCH (ex, RETURN_MASK_ERROR)
+	{
+	  if (!check_ptrace_stopped_lwp_gone (lp))
+	    throw_exception (ex);
+	}
+      END_CATCH
     }
 
   return 0;
diff --git a/gdb/nat/linux-procfs.c b/gdb/nat/linux-procfs.c
index f1493839f60..7599b32ed3e 100644
--- a/gdb/nat/linux-procfs.c
+++ b/gdb/nat/linux-procfs.c
@@ -151,6 +151,15 @@ linux_proc_pid_is_stopped (pid_t pid)
   return linux_proc_pid_has_state (pid, "T (stopped)", 1);
 }
 
+/* Detect `T (tracing stop)' in `/proc/PID/status'.
+   Other states including `T (stopped)' are reported as false.  */
+
+int
+linux_proc_pid_is_trace_stopped_nowarn (pid_t pid)
+{
+  return linux_proc_pid_has_state (pid, "T (tracing stop)", 1);
+}
+
 /* Return non-zero if PID is a zombie.  If WARN, warn on failure to
    open the /proc file.  */
 
diff --git a/gdb/nat/linux-procfs.h b/gdb/nat/linux-procfs.h
index 979ae0dbd82..c4f57885b1d 100644
--- a/gdb/nat/linux-procfs.h
+++ b/gdb/nat/linux-procfs.h
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ extern pid_t linux_proc_get_tracerpid_nowarn (pid_t lwpid);
 
 extern int linux_proc_pid_is_stopped (pid_t pid);
 
+extern int linux_proc_pid_is_trace_stopped_nowarn (pid_t pid);
+
 /* Return non-zero if PID is a zombie.  Failure to open the
    /proc/pid/status file results in a warning.  */