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<a href="#NAME">NAME</a>
<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a>
<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a>
<a href="#BUNDLE-INSTALL-BINSTUBS">BUNDLE INSTALL --BINSTUBS</a>
<a href="#ENVIRONMENT-MODIFICATIONS">ENVIRONMENT MODIFICATIONS</a>
<a href="#RUBYGEMS-PLUGINS">RUBYGEMS PLUGINS</a>
</div>
<ol class='man-decor man-head man head'>
<li class='tl'>bundle-exec(1)</li>
<li class='tc'></li>
<li class='tr'>bundle-exec(1)</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="NAME">NAME</h2>
<p class="man-name">
<code>bundle-exec</code> - <span class="man-whatis">Execute a command in the context of the bundle</span>
</p>
<h2 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<p><code>bundle exec</code> [--keep-file-descriptors] <var>command</var></p>
<h2 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>This command executes the command, making all gems specified in the
<code>Gemfile(5)</code> available to <code>require</code> in Ruby programs.</p>
<p>Essentially, if you would normally have run something like
<code>rspec spec/my_spec.rb</code>, and you want to use the gems specified
in the <code>Gemfile(5)</code> and installed via <a href="bundle-install.1.html">bundle install(1)</a>, you
should run <code>bundle exec rspec spec/my_spec.rb</code>.</p>
<p>Note that <code>bundle exec</code> does not require that an executable is
available on your shell's <code>$PATH</code>.</p>
<h2 id="OPTIONS">OPTIONS</h2>
<dl>
<dt><code>--keep-file-descriptors</code></dt><dd>Exec in Ruby 2.0 began discarding non-standard file descriptors. When this
flag is passed, exec will revert to the 1.9 behaviour of passing all file
descriptors to the new process.</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="BUNDLE-INSTALL-BINSTUBS">BUNDLE INSTALL --BINSTUBS</h2>
<p>If you use the <code>--binstubs</code> flag in <a href="bundle-install.1.html">bundle install(1)</a>, Bundler will
automatically create a directory (which defaults to <code>app_root/bin</code>)
containing all of the executables available from gems in the bundle.</p>
<p>After using <code>--binstubs</code>, <code>bin/rspec spec/my_spec.rb</code> is identical
to <code>bundle exec rspec spec/my_spec.rb</code>.</p>
<h2 id="ENVIRONMENT-MODIFICATIONS">ENVIRONMENT MODIFICATIONS</h2>
<p><code>bundle exec</code> makes a number of changes to the shell environment,
then executes the command you specify in full.</p>
<ul>
<li>make sure that it's still possible to shell out to <code>bundle</code>
from inside a command invoked by <code>bundle exec</code> (using
<code>$BUNDLE_BIN_PATH</code>)</li>
<li>put the directory containing executables (like <code>rails</code>, <code>rspec</code>,
<code>rackup</code>) for your bundle on <code>$PATH</code></li>
<li>make sure that if bundler is invoked in the subshell, it uses
the same <code>Gemfile</code> (by setting <code>BUNDLE_GEMFILE</code>)</li>
<li>add <code>-rbundler/setup</code> to <code>$RUBYOPT</code>, which makes sure that
Ruby programs invoked in the subshell can see the gems in
the bundle</li>
</ul>
<p>It also modifies Rubygems:</p>
<ul>
<li>disallow loading additional gems not in the bundle</li>
<li>modify the <code>gem</code> method to be a no-op if a gem matching
the requirements is in the bundle, and to raise a
<code>Gem::LoadError</code> if it's not</li>
<li>Define <code>Gem.refresh</code> to be a no-op, since the source
index is always frozen when using bundler, and to
prevent gems from the system leaking into the environment</li>
<li>Override <code>Gem.bin_path</code> to use the gems in the bundle,
making system executables work</li>
<li>Add all gems in the bundle into Gem.loaded_specs</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="Shelling-out">Shelling out</h3>
<p>Any Ruby code that opens a subshell (like <code>system</code>, backticks, or <code>%x{}</code>) will
automatically use the current Bundler environment. If you need to shell out to
a Ruby command that is not part of your current bundle, use the
<code>with_clean_env</code> method with a block. Any subshells created inside the block
will be given the environment present before Bundler was activated. For
example, Homebrew commands run Ruby, but don't work inside a bundle:</p>
<pre><code>Bundler.with_clean_env do
`brew install wget`
end
</code></pre>
<p>Using <code>with_clean_env</code> is also necessary if you are shelling out to a different
bundle. Any Bundler commands run in a subshell will inherit the current
Gemfile, so commands that need to run in the context of a different bundle also
need to use <code>with_clean_env</code>.</p>
<pre><code>Bundler.with_clean_env do
Dir.chdir "/other/bundler/project" do
`bundle exec ./script`
end
end
</code></pre>
<p>Bundler provides convenience helpers that wrap <code>system</code> and <code>exec</code>, and they
can be used like this:</p>
<pre><code>Bundler.clean_system('brew install wget')
Bundler.clean_exec('brew install wget')
</code></pre>
<h2 id="RUBYGEMS-PLUGINS">RUBYGEMS PLUGINS</h2>
<p>At present, the Rubygems plugin system requires all files
named <code>rubygems_plugin.rb</code> on the load path of <em>any</em> installed
gem when any Ruby code requires <code>rubygems.rb</code>. This includes
executables installed into the system, like <code>rails</code>, <code>rackup</code>,
and <code>rspec</code>.</p>
<p>Since Rubygems plugins can contain arbitrary Ruby code, they
commonly end up activating themselves or their dependencies.</p>
<p>For instance, the <code>gemcutter 0.5</code> gem depended on <code>json_pure</code>.
If you had that version of gemcutter installed (even if
you <em>also</em> had a newer version without this problem), Rubygems
would activate <code>gemcutter 0.5</code> and <code>json_pure <latest></code>.</p>
<p>If your <a class="man-ref" href="gemfile.5.html">Gemfile<span class="s">(5)</span></a> also contained <code>json_pure</code> (or a gem
with a dependency on <code>json_pure</code>), the latest version on
your system might conflict with the version in your
<a class="man-ref" href="gemfile.5.html">Gemfile<span class="s">(5)</span></a>, or the snapshot version in your <code>Gemfile.lock</code>.</p>
<p>If this happens, bundler will say:</p>
<pre><code>You have already activated json_pure 1.4.6 but your Gemfile
requires json_pure 1.4.3. Consider using bundle exec.
</code></pre>
<p>In this situation, you almost certainly want to remove the
underlying gem with the problematic gem plugin. In general,
the authors of these plugins (in this case, the <code>gemcutter</code>
gem) have released newer versions that are more careful in
their plugins.</p>
<p>You can find a list of all the gems containing gem plugins
by running</p>
<pre><code>ruby -rubygems -e "puts Gem.find_files('rubygems_plugin.rb')"
</code></pre>
<p>At the very least, you should remove all but the newest
version of each gem plugin, and also remove all gem plugins
that you aren't using (<code>gem uninstall gem_name</code>).</p>
<ol class='man-decor man-foot man foot'>
<li class='tl'></li>
<li class='tc'>June 2014</li>
<li class='tr'>bundle-exec(1)</li>
</ol>
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