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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Bundler: The best way to manage a Ruby application's gems</title>
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<a class="image" href="/"><img width="725" alt="The best way to manage your application's dependencies" src="/images/gembundler.png" /></a>
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<h2>In Depth</h2>
<div class='contents'>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
Read the manual for an in-depth discussion of all of the options available in the
<code>Gemfile</code> and how to use them.
</div>
<a href="./man/gemfile.5.html">Gemfile manual</a>
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<h2>Gemfiles</h2>
<div class='contents'>
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<div class='description'>
Gemfiles require at least one gem source, in the form of the URL for a Rubygems server.
There are shortcuts for the default gem server, so all of these sources are the same.
</div>
<pre class="highlight ruby"><span class="n">source</span> <span class="ss">:rubygems</span>
<span class="n">source</span> <span class="s2">"http://rubygems.org"</span>
<span class="n">source</span> <span class="ss">:rubyforge</span>
<span class="n">source</span> <span class="s2">"http://gems.rubyforge.org"</span>
<span class="n">source</span> <span class="ss">:gemcutter</span>
<span class="n">source</span> <span class="s2">"http://gemcutter.org"</span>
</pre>
</div>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
Declare the gems that you need, including version numbers. Specify versions using the same
syntax that Rubygems supports for dependencies.
</div>
<pre class="highlight ruby"><span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"nokogiri"</span>
<span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"rails"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"3.0.0.beta3"</span>
<span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"rack"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">">=1.0"</span>
<span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"thin"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"~>1.1"</span></pre>
<div class='notes'>
Most of the version specifiers, like <code>>= 1.0</code>, are self-explanatory.
The specifier <code>~></code> has a special meaning, best shown by example.
<code>~> 2.0.3</code> is identical to <code>>= 2.0.3</code> and <code>< 2.1</code>.
<code>~> 2.1</code> is identical to <code>>= 2.1</code> and <code>< 3.0</code>.
<code>~> 2.2.beta</code> will match prerelease versions like <code>2.2.beta.12</code>.
</div>
<a href="http://guides.rubygems.org/patterns/#pessimistic_version_constraint">Rubygems version specifiers</a>
</div>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
If a gem's main file is different than the gem name, specify how to require it.
Or use <code>false</code> to prevent bundler to require it (but it will still
install it and maintain dependencies). And for gems with several files to require,
it's also possible to give an array to <code>:require</code>.
</div>
<pre class="highlight ruby"><span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"rspec"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:require</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"spec"</span>
<span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"sqlite3"</span>
<span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"gem-release"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:require</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="kp">false</span>
<span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"redis"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:require</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"redis/connection/hiredis"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"redis"</span><span class="o">]</span></pre>
<div class='notes'>
In order to require gems in your <code>Gemfile</code>, you will need to call
<code>Bundler.require</code> in your application.
</div>
<a href="/v1.0/groups.html">Learn More: Bundler.require</a>
</div>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
Git repositories are also valid gem sources, as long as the repo contains one or
more valid gems. Specify what to check out with <code>:tag</code>,
<code>:branch</code>, or <code>:ref</code>. The default is the <code>master</code> branch.
</div>
<pre class="highlight ruby"><span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"nokogiri"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:git</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"https://github.com/tenderlove/nokogiri.git"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:branch</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"1.4"</span>

<span class="n">git</span> <span class="s2">"https://github.com/wycats/thor.git"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:tag</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"v0.13.4"</span>
<span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"thor"</span></pre>
<div class='notes'>
If the git repository does not contain a <code>.gemspec</code> file, bundler
will create a simple one, without any dependencies, executables or C extensions.
This may work for simple gems, but not work for others. If there is no .gemspec,
you probably shouldn't use the gem from git.
</div>
<a href="/v1.0/git.html">Learn more: Git</a>
</div>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
If you are actively developing a gem, perhaps checked out from Github, you can use the gem
directly from its directory on your filesystem.
</div>
<pre class="highlight ruby"><span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"nokogiri"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:path</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"~/sw/gems/nokogiri"</span>
</pre>
</div>
<div class='bullet'>
<div class='description'>
Dependencies can be placed into groups, to be ignored at install-time or required all at once.
</div>
<pre class="highlight ruby"><span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"wirble"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:group</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="ss">:development</span>
<span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"ruby-debug"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:group</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:development</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:test</span><span class="o">]</span>

<span class="n">group</span> <span class="ss">:test</span> <span class="k">do</span>
 <span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s2">"rspec"</span>
<span class="k">end</span></pre>
<a href="/v1.0/groups.html">Learn more: Groups</a>
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