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diff --git a/external/jaxp/source/gnu/xml/aelfred2/XmlParser.java b/external/jaxp/source/gnu/xml/aelfred2/XmlParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cda5849b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/jaxp/source/gnu/xml/aelfred2/XmlParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,4755 @@
+/*
+ * $Id: XmlParser.java,v 1.1 2003-02-01 02:10:12 cbj Exp $
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2001 David Brownell
+ * 
+ * This file is part of GNU JAXP, a library.
+ *
+ * GNU JAXP is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ * 
+ * GNU JAXP is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ * 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ *
+ * As a special exception, if you link this library with other files to
+ * produce an executable, this library does not by itself cause the
+ * resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public License.
+ * This exception does not however invalidate any other reasons why the
+ * executable file might be covered by the GNU General Public License. 
+ */
+
+//
+// Copyright (c) 1997, 1998 by Microstar Software Ltd.
+// From Microstar's README (the entire original license):
+//
+//	Separate statements also said it's in the public domain.
+//	All modifications are distributed under the license
+//	above (GPL with library exception).
+//
+// AElfred is free for both commercial and non-commercial use and
+// redistribution, provided that Microstar's copyright and disclaimer are
+// retained intact.  You are free to modify AElfred for your own use and
+// to redistribute AElfred with your modifications, provided that the
+// modifications are clearly documented.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.  Please use it AT
+// YOUR OWN RISK.
+//
+
+
+package gnu.xml.aelfred2;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.CharConversionException;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+
+// maintaining 1.1 compatibility for now ...
+// Iterator and Hashmap ought to be faster
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+import java.util.Stack;
+
+import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
+import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
+
+
+// $Id: XmlParser.java,v 1.1 2003-02-01 02:10:12 cbj Exp $
+
+/**
+ * Parse XML documents and return parse events through call-backs.
+ * Use the <code>SAXDriver</code> class as your entry point, as all
+ * internal parser interfaces are subject to change.
+ *
+ * @author Written by David Megginson &lt;dmeggins@microstar.com&gt;
+ *	(version 1.2a with bugfixes)
+ * @author Updated by David Brownell &lt;dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net&gt;
+ * @version $Date: 2003-02-01 02:10:12 $
+ * @see SAXDriver
+ */
+final class XmlParser
+{
+    // avoid slow per-character readCh()
+    private final static boolean USE_CHEATS = true;
+
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Constructors.
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a new parser with no associated handler.
+     * @see #setHandler
+     * @see #parse
+     */
+    // package private
+    XmlParser ()
+    {
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Set the handler that will receive parsing events.
+     * @param handler The handler to receive callback events.
+     * @see #parse
+     */
+    // package private
+    void setHandler (SAXDriver handler)
+    {
+	this.handler = handler;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an XML document from the character stream, byte stream, or URI
+     * that you provide (in that order of preference).  Any URI that you
+     * supply will become the base URI for resolving relative URI, and may
+     * be used to acquire a reader or byte stream.
+     *
+     * <p> Only one thread at a time may use this parser; since it is
+     * private to this package, post-parse cleanup is done by the caller,
+     * which MUST NOT REUSE the parser (just null it).
+     *
+     * @param systemId Absolute URI of the document; should never be null,
+     *	but may be so iff a reader <em>or</em> a stream is provided.
+     * @param publicId The public identifier of the document, or null.
+     * @param reader A character stream; must be null if stream isn't.
+     * @param stream A byte input stream; must be null if reader isn't.
+     * @param encoding The suggested encoding, or null if unknown.
+     * @exception java.lang.Exception Basically SAXException or IOException
+     */
+    // package private 
+    void doParse (
+	String		systemId,
+	String		publicId,
+	Reader		reader,
+	InputStream	stream,
+	String		encoding
+    ) throws Exception
+    {
+	if (handler == null)
+	    throw new IllegalStateException ("no callback handler");
+
+	initializeVariables ();
+
+	// predeclare the built-in entities here (replacement texts)
+	// we don't need to intern(), since we're guaranteed literals
+	// are always (globally) interned.
+	setInternalEntity ("amp", "&#38;");
+	setInternalEntity ("lt", "&#60;");
+	setInternalEntity ("gt", "&#62;");
+	setInternalEntity ("apos", "&#39;");
+	setInternalEntity ("quot", "&#34;");
+
+	try {
+	    // pushURL first to ensure locator is correct in startDocument
+	    // ... it might report an IO or encoding exception.
+	    // FIXME that could call endDocument without startDocument!
+	    pushURL (false, "[document]",
+			// default baseURI: null
+		    new String [] { publicId, systemId, null},
+		    reader, stream, encoding, false);
+
+	    handler.startDocument ();
+	    parseDocument ();
+	} finally {
+	    if (reader != null)
+		try { reader.close ();
+		} catch (IOException e) { /* ignore */ }
+	    if (stream != null)
+		try { stream.close ();
+		} catch (IOException e) { /* ignore */ }
+	    if (is != null)
+		try { is.close ();
+		} catch (IOException e) { /* ignore */ }
+	    if (reader != null)
+		try {
+		    reader.close ();
+		} catch (IOException e) { /* ignore */
+		}
+	    scratch = null;
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Constants.
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    //
+    // Constants for element content type.
+    //
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: an element has not been declared.
+     * @see #getElementContentType
+     */
+    public final static int CONTENT_UNDECLARED = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the element has a content model of ANY.
+     * @see #getElementContentType
+     */
+    public final static int CONTENT_ANY = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the element has declared content of EMPTY.
+     * @see #getElementContentType
+     */
+    public final static int CONTENT_EMPTY = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the element has mixed content.
+     * @see #getElementContentType
+     */
+    public final static int CONTENT_MIXED = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the element has element content.
+     * @see #getElementContentType
+     */
+    public final static int CONTENT_ELEMENTS = 4;
+
+
+    //
+    // Constants for the entity type.
+    //
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the entity has not been declared.
+     * @see #getEntityType
+     */
+    public final static int ENTITY_UNDECLARED = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the entity is internal.
+     * @see #getEntityType
+     */
+    public final static int ENTITY_INTERNAL = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the entity is external, non-parsable data.
+     * @see #getEntityType
+     */
+    public final static int ENTITY_NDATA = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the entity is external XML data.
+     * @see #getEntityType
+     */
+    public final static int ENTITY_TEXT = 3;
+
+
+    //
+    // Attribute type constants are interned literal strings.
+    //
+
+    //
+    // Constants for supported encodings.  "external" is just a flag.
+    //
+    private final static int ENCODING_EXTERNAL = 0;
+    private final static int ENCODING_UTF_8 = 1;
+    private final static int ENCODING_ISO_8859_1 = 2;
+    private final static int ENCODING_UCS_2_12 = 3;
+    private final static int ENCODING_UCS_2_21 = 4;
+    private final static int ENCODING_UCS_4_1234 = 5;
+    private final static int ENCODING_UCS_4_4321 = 6;
+    private final static int ENCODING_UCS_4_2143 = 7;
+    private final static int ENCODING_UCS_4_3412 = 8;
+    private final static int ENCODING_ASCII = 9;
+
+
+    //
+    // Constants for attribute default value.
+    //
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the attribute is not declared.
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValueType
+     */
+    public final static int ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_UNDECLARED = 30;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the attribute has a literal default value specified.
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValueType
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValue
+     */
+    public final static int ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_SPECIFIED = 31;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the attribute was declared #IMPLIED.
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValueType
+     */
+    public final static int ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_IMPLIED = 32;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the attribute was declared #REQUIRED.
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValueType
+     */
+    public final static int ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_REQUIRED = 33;
+
+    /**
+     * Constant: the attribute was declared #FIXED.
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValueType
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValue
+     */
+    public final static int ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_FIXED = 34;
+
+
+    //
+    // Constants for input.
+    //
+    private final static int INPUT_NONE = 0;
+    private final static int INPUT_INTERNAL = 1;
+    private final static int INPUT_STREAM = 3;
+    private final static int INPUT_READER = 5;
+
+
+    //
+    // Flags for reading literals.
+    //
+	// expand general entity refs (attribute values in dtd and content)
+    private final static int LIT_ENTITY_REF = 2;
+	// normalize this value (space chars) (attributes, public ids)
+    private final static int LIT_NORMALIZE = 4;
+	// literal is an attribute value 
+    private final static int LIT_ATTRIBUTE = 8;
+	// don't expand parameter entities
+    private final static int LIT_DISABLE_PE = 16;
+	// don't expand [or parse] character refs
+    private final static int LIT_DISABLE_CREF = 32;
+	// don't parse general entity refs
+    private final static int LIT_DISABLE_EREF = 64;
+	// literal is a public ID value 
+    private final static int LIT_PUBID = 256;
+
+
+    //
+    // Flags affecting PE handling in DTDs (if expandPE is true).
+    // PEs expand with space padding, except inside literals.
+    //
+    private final static int CONTEXT_NORMAL = 0;
+    private final static int CONTEXT_LITERAL = 1;
+
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Error reporting.
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+    /**
+     * Report an error.
+     * @param message The error message.
+     * @param textFound The text that caused the error (or null).
+     * @see SAXDriver#error
+     * @see #line
+     */
+    private void error (String message, String textFound, String textExpected)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	if (textFound != null) {
+	    message = message + " (found \"" + textFound + "\")";
+	}
+	if (textExpected != null) {
+	    message = message + " (expected \"" + textExpected + "\")";
+	}
+	handler.fatal (message);
+
+	// "can't happen"
+	throw new SAXException (message);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Report a serious error.
+     * @param message The error message.
+     * @param textFound The text that caused the error (or null).
+     */
+    private void error (String message, char textFound, String textExpected)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	error (message, new Character (textFound).toString (), textExpected);
+    }
+
+    /** Report typical case fatal errors. */
+    private void error (String message)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	handler.fatal (message);
+    }
+
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Major syntactic productions.
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an XML document.
+     * <pre>
+     * [1] document ::= prolog element Misc*
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>This is the top-level parsing function for a single XML
+     * document.  As a minimum, a well-formed document must have
+     * a document element, and a valid document must have a prolog
+     * (one with doctype) as well.
+     */
+    private void parseDocument ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+        try {                                       // added by MHK
+    	    boolean sawDTD = parseProlog ();
+    	    require ('<');
+    	    parseElement (!sawDTD);
+        } catch (EOFException ee) {                 // added by MHK
+            error("premature end of file", "[EOF]", null);
+        }
+        
+    	try {
+    	    parseMisc ();   //skip all white, PIs, and comments
+    	    char c = readCh ();    //if this doesn't throw an exception...
+    	    error ("unexpected characters after document end", c, null);
+    	} catch (EOFException e) {
+    	    return;
+    	}
+    }
+
+    static final char	startDelimComment [] = { '<', '!', '-', '-' };
+    static final char	endDelimComment [] = { '-', '-' };
+
+    /**
+     * Skip a comment.
+     * <pre>
+     * [15] Comment ::= '&lt;!--' ((Char - '-') | ('-' (Char - '-')))* "-->"
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> (The <code>&lt;!--</code> has already been read.)
+     */
+    private void parseComment ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	char c;
+	boolean saved = expandPE;
+
+	expandPE = false;
+	parseUntil (endDelimComment);
+	require ('>');
+	expandPE = saved;
+	handler.comment (dataBuffer, 0, dataBufferPos);
+	dataBufferPos = 0;
+    }
+
+    static final char	startDelimPI [] = { '<', '?' };
+    static final char	endDelimPI [] = { '?', '>' };
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a processing instruction and do a call-back.
+     * <pre>
+     * [16] PI ::= '&lt;?' PITarget
+     *		(S (Char* - (Char* '?&gt;' Char*)))?
+     *		'?&gt;'
+     * [17] PITarget ::= Name - ( ('X'|'x') ('M'|m') ('L'|l') )
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> (The <code>&lt;?</code> has already been read.)
+     */
+    private void parsePI ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	String name;
+	boolean saved = expandPE;
+
+	expandPE = false;
+	name = readNmtoken (true);
+	if ("xml".equalsIgnoreCase (name))
+	    error ("Illegal processing instruction target", name, null);
+	if (!tryRead (endDelimPI)) {
+	    requireWhitespace ();
+	    parseUntil (endDelimPI);
+	}
+	expandPE = saved;
+	handler.processingInstruction (name, dataBufferToString ());
+    }
+
+
+    static final char	endDelimCDATA [] = { ']', ']', '>' };
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a CDATA section.
+     * <pre>
+     * [18] CDSect ::= CDStart CData CDEnd
+     * [19] CDStart ::= '&lt;![CDATA['
+     * [20] CData ::= (Char* - (Char* ']]&gt;' Char*))
+     * [21] CDEnd ::= ']]&gt;'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> (The '&lt;![CDATA[' has already been read.)
+     */
+    private void parseCDSect ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	parseUntil (endDelimCDATA);
+	dataBufferFlush ();
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the prolog of an XML document.
+     * <pre>
+     * [22] prolog ::= XMLDecl? Misc* (Doctypedecl Misc*)?
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>We do not look for the XML declaration here, because it was
+     * handled by pushURL ().
+     * @see pushURL
+     * @return true if a DTD was read.
+     */
+    private boolean parseProlog ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	parseMisc ();
+
+	if (tryRead ("<!DOCTYPE")) {
+	    parseDoctypedecl ();
+	    parseMisc ();
+	    return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+    }
+
+    private void checkLegalVersion (String version)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	int len = version.length ();
+	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+	    char c = version.charAt (i);
+	    if ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
+		continue;
+	    if (c == '_' || c == '.' || c == ':' || c == '-')
+		continue;
+	    if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z')
+		continue;
+	    if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')
+		continue;
+	    error ("illegal character in version", version, "1.0");
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the XML declaration.
+     * <pre>
+     * [23] XMLDecl ::= '&lt;?xml' VersionInfo EncodingDecl? SDDecl? S? '?&gt;'
+     * [24] VersionInfo ::= S 'version' Eq
+     *		("'" VersionNum "'" | '"' VersionNum '"' )
+     * [26] VersionNum ::= ([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')*
+     * [32] SDDecl ::= S 'standalone' Eq
+     *		( "'"" ('yes' | 'no') "'"" | '"' ("yes" | "no") '"' )
+     * [80] EncodingDecl ::= S 'encoding' Eq
+     *		( "'" EncName "'" | "'" EncName "'" )
+     * [81] EncName ::= [A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> (The <code>&lt;?xml</code> and whitespace have already been read.)
+     * @return the encoding in the declaration, uppercased; or null
+     * @see #parseTextDecl
+     * @see #setupDecoding
+     */
+    private String parseXMLDecl (boolean ignoreEncoding)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	String	version;
+	String	encodingName = null;
+	String	standalone = null;
+	int	flags = LIT_DISABLE_CREF | LIT_DISABLE_PE | LIT_DISABLE_EREF;
+
+	// Read the version.
+	require ("version");
+	parseEq ();
+	checkLegalVersion (version = readLiteral (flags));
+	if (!version.equals ("1.0"))
+	    handler.warn ("expected XML version 1.0, not: " + version);
+
+	// Try reading an encoding declaration.
+	boolean white = tryWhitespace ();
+
+	if (tryRead ("encoding")) {
+	    if (!white)
+		error ("whitespace required before 'encoding='");
+	    parseEq ();
+	    encodingName = readLiteral (flags);
+	    if (!ignoreEncoding)
+		setupDecoding (encodingName);
+	}
+
+	// Try reading a standalone declaration
+	if (encodingName != null)
+	    white = tryWhitespace ();
+	if (tryRead ("standalone")) {
+	    if (!white)
+		error ("whitespace required before 'standalone='");
+	    parseEq ();
+	    standalone = readLiteral (flags);
+	    if ("yes".equals (standalone))
+		docIsStandalone = true;
+	    else if (!"no".equals (standalone))
+		error ("standalone flag must be 'yes' or 'no'");
+	}
+
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	require ("?>");
+
+	return encodingName;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a text declaration.
+     * <pre>
+     * [79] TextDecl ::= '&lt;?xml' VersionInfo? EncodingDecl S? '?&gt;'
+     * [80] EncodingDecl ::= S 'encoding' Eq
+     *		( '"' EncName '"' | "'" EncName "'" )
+     * [81] EncName ::= [A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> (The <code>&lt;?xml</code>' and whitespace have already been read.)
+     * @return the encoding in the declaration, uppercased; or null
+     * @see #parseXMLDecl
+     * @see #setupDecoding
+     */
+    private String parseTextDecl (boolean ignoreEncoding)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	String	encodingName = null;
+	int	flags = LIT_DISABLE_CREF | LIT_DISABLE_PE | LIT_DISABLE_EREF;
+
+	// Read an optional version.
+	if (tryRead ("version")) {
+	    String version;
+	    parseEq ();
+	    checkLegalVersion (version = readLiteral (flags));
+	    if (!version.equals ("1.0"))
+		handler.warn ("expected XML version 1.0, not: " + version);
+	    requireWhitespace ();
+	}
+
+
+	// Read the encoding.
+	require ("encoding");
+	parseEq ();
+	encodingName = readLiteral (flags);
+	if (!ignoreEncoding)
+	    setupDecoding (encodingName);
+
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	require ("?>");
+
+	return encodingName;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Sets up internal state so that we can decode an entity using the
+     * specified encoding.  This is used when we start to read an entity
+     * and we have been given knowledge of its encoding before we start to
+     * read any data (e.g. from a SAX input source or from a MIME type).
+     *
+     * <p> It is also used after autodetection, at which point only very
+     * limited adjustments to the encoding may be used (switching between
+     * related builtin decoders).
+     *
+     * @param encodingName The name of the encoding specified by the user.
+     * @exception IOException if the encoding isn't supported either
+     *	internally to this parser, or by the hosting JVM.
+     * @see #parseXMLDecl
+     * @see #parseTextDecl
+     */
+    private void setupDecoding (String encodingName)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	encodingName = encodingName.toUpperCase ();
+
+	// ENCODING_EXTERNAL indicates an encoding that wasn't
+	// autodetected ... we can use builtin decoders, or
+	// ones from the JVM (InputStreamReader).
+
+	// Otherwise we can only tweak what was autodetected, and
+	// only for single byte (ASCII derived) builtin encodings.
+
+	// ASCII-derived encodings
+	if (encoding == ENCODING_UTF_8 || encoding == ENCODING_EXTERNAL) {
+	    if (encodingName.equals ("ISO-8859-1")
+		    || encodingName.equals ("8859_1")
+		    || encodingName.equals ("ISO8859_1")
+	      ) {
+		encoding = ENCODING_ISO_8859_1;
+		return;
+	    } else if (encodingName.equals ("US-ASCII")
+			|| encodingName.equals ("ASCII")) {
+		encoding = ENCODING_ASCII;
+		return;
+	    } else if (encodingName.equals ("UTF-8")
+			|| encodingName.equals ("UTF8")) {
+		encoding = ENCODING_UTF_8;
+		return;
+	    } else if (encoding != ENCODING_EXTERNAL) {
+		// used to start with a new reader ...
+		throw new UnsupportedEncodingException (encodingName);
+	    }
+	    // else fallthrough ...
+	    // it's ASCII-ish and something other than a builtin
+	}
+
+	// Unicode and such
+	if (encoding == ENCODING_UCS_2_12 || encoding == ENCODING_UCS_2_21) {
+	    if (!(encodingName.equals ("ISO-10646-UCS-2")
+		    || encodingName.equals ("UTF-16")
+		    || encodingName.equals ("UTF-16BE")
+		    || encodingName.equals ("UTF-16LE")))
+		error ("unsupported Unicode encoding",
+		       encodingName,
+		       "UTF-16");
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	// four byte encodings
+	if (encoding == ENCODING_UCS_4_1234
+		|| encoding == ENCODING_UCS_4_4321
+		|| encoding == ENCODING_UCS_4_2143
+		|| encoding == ENCODING_UCS_4_3412) {
+	    // Strictly:  "UCS-4" == "UTF-32BE"; also, "UTF-32LE" exists
+	    if (!encodingName.equals ("ISO-10646-UCS-4"))
+		error ("unsupported 32-bit encoding",
+		       encodingName,
+		       "ISO-10646-UCS-4");
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	// assert encoding == ENCODING_EXTERNAL
+	// if (encoding != ENCODING_EXTERNAL)
+	//     throw new RuntimeException ("encoding = " + encoding);
+
+	if (encodingName.equals ("UTF-16BE")) {
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UCS_2_12;
+	    return;
+	}
+	if (encodingName.equals ("UTF-16LE")) {
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UCS_2_21;
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	// We couldn't use the builtin decoders at all.  But we can try to
+	// create a reader, since we haven't messed up buffering.  Tweak
+	// the encoding name if necessary.
+
+	if (encodingName.equals ("UTF-16")
+		|| encodingName.equals ("ISO-10646-UCS-2"))
+	    encodingName = "Unicode";
+	// Ignoring all the EBCDIC aliases here
+
+	reader = new InputStreamReader (is, encodingName);
+	sourceType = INPUT_READER;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse miscellaneous markup outside the document element and DOCTYPE
+     * declaration.
+     * <pre>
+     * [27] Misc ::= Comment | PI | S
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    private void parseMisc ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	while (true) {
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	    if (tryRead (startDelimPI)) {
+		parsePI ();
+	    } else if (tryRead (startDelimComment)) {
+		parseComment ();
+	    } else {
+		return;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a document type declaration.
+     * <pre>
+     * [28] doctypedecl ::= '&lt;!DOCTYPE' S Name (S ExternalID)? S?
+     *		('[' (markupdecl | PEReference | S)* ']' S?)? '&gt;'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> (The <code>&lt;!DOCTYPE</code> has already been read.)
+     */
+    private void parseDoctypedecl ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	String rootName, ids[];
+
+	// Read the document type name.
+	requireWhitespace ();
+	rootName = readNmtoken (true);
+
+	// Read the External subset's IDs
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	ids = readExternalIds (false, true);
+
+	// report (a) declaration of name, (b) lexical info (ids)
+	handler.doctypeDecl (rootName, ids [0], ids [1]);
+
+	// Internal subset is parsed first, if present
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	if (tryRead ('[')) {
+
+	    // loop until the subset ends
+	    while (true) {
+		doReport = expandPE = true;
+		skipWhitespace ();
+		doReport = expandPE = false;
+		if (tryRead (']')) {
+		    break; 		// end of subset
+		} else {
+		    // WFC, PEs in internal subset (only between decls)
+		    peIsError = expandPE = true;
+		    parseMarkupdecl ();
+		    peIsError = expandPE = false;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	require ('>');
+
+	// Read the external subset, if any
+	InputSource	subset;
+
+	if (ids [1] == null)
+	    subset = handler.getExternalSubset (rootName,
+	    		handler.getSystemId ());
+	else
+	    subset = null;
+	if (ids [1] != null || subset != null) {
+	    pushString (null, ">");
+
+	    // NOTE:  [dtd] is so we say what SAX2 expects,
+	    // though it's misleading (subset, not entire dtd)
+	    if (ids [1] != null)
+		pushURL (true, "[dtd]", ids, null, null, null, true);
+	    else {
+		handler.warn ("modifying document by adding external subset");
+		pushURL (true, "[dtd]",
+		    new String [] { subset.getPublicId (),
+			    subset.getSystemId (), null },
+		    subset.getCharacterStream (),
+		    subset.getByteStream (),
+		    subset.getEncoding (),
+		    false);
+	    }
+
+	    // Loop until we end up back at '>'
+	    while (true) {
+		doReport = expandPE = true;
+		skipWhitespace ();
+		doReport = expandPE = false;
+		if (tryRead ('>')) {
+		    break;
+		} else {
+		    expandPE = true;
+		    parseMarkupdecl ();
+		    expandPE = false;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    // the ">" string isn't popped yet
+	    if (inputStack.size () != 1)
+		error ("external subset has unmatched '>'");
+	}
+
+	// done dtd
+	handler.endDoctype ();
+	expandPE = false;
+	doReport = true;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a markup declaration in the internal or external DTD subset.
+     * <pre>
+     * [29] markupdecl ::= elementdecl | Attlistdecl | EntityDecl
+     *		| NotationDecl | PI | Comment
+     * [30] extSubsetDecl ::= (markupdecl | conditionalSect
+     *		| PEReference | S) *
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> Reading toplevel PE references is handled as a lexical issue
+     * by the caller, as is whitespace.
+     */
+    private void parseMarkupdecl ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	char	saved [] = null;
+	boolean	savedPE = expandPE;
+
+	// prevent "<%foo;" and ensures saved entity is right
+	require ('<');
+	unread ('<');
+	expandPE = false;
+
+	if (tryRead ("<!ELEMENT")) {
+	    saved = readBuffer;
+	    expandPE = savedPE;
+	    parseElementDecl ();
+	} else if (tryRead ("<!ATTLIST")) {
+	    saved = readBuffer;
+	    expandPE = savedPE;
+	    parseAttlistDecl ();
+	} else if (tryRead ("<!ENTITY")) {
+	    saved = readBuffer;
+	    expandPE = savedPE;
+	    parseEntityDecl ();
+	} else if (tryRead ("<!NOTATION")) {
+	    saved = readBuffer;
+	    expandPE = savedPE;
+	    parseNotationDecl ();
+	} else if (tryRead (startDelimPI)) {
+	    saved = readBuffer;
+	    expandPE = savedPE;
+	    parsePI ();
+	} else if (tryRead (startDelimComment)) {
+	    saved = readBuffer;
+	    expandPE = savedPE;
+	    parseComment ();
+	} else if (tryRead ("<![")) {
+	    saved = readBuffer;
+	    expandPE = savedPE;
+	    if (inputStack.size () > 0)
+		parseConditionalSect (saved);
+	    else
+		error ("conditional sections illegal in internal subset");
+	} else {
+	    error ("expected markup declaration");
+	}
+
+	// VC: Proper Decl/PE Nesting
+	if (readBuffer != saved)
+	    handler.verror ("Illegal Declaration/PE nesting");
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an element, with its tags.
+     * <pre>
+     * [39] element ::= EmptyElementTag | STag content ETag
+     * [40] STag ::= '&lt;' Name (S Attribute)* S? '&gt;'
+     * [44] EmptyElementTag ::= '&lt;' Name (S Attribute)* S? '/&gt;'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> (The '&lt;' has already been read.)
+     * <p>NOTE: this method actually chains onto parseContent (), if necessary,
+     * and parseContent () will take care of calling parseETag ().
+     */
+    private void parseElement (boolean maybeGetSubset)
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	String	gi;
+	char	c;
+	int	oldElementContent = currentElementContent;
+	String	oldElement = currentElement;
+	Object	element [];
+
+	// This is the (global) counter for the
+	// array of specified attributes.
+	tagAttributePos = 0;
+
+	// Read the element type name.
+	gi = readNmtoken (true);
+
+	// If we saw no DTD, and this is the document root element,
+	// let the application modify the input stream by providing one.
+	if (maybeGetSubset) {
+	    InputSource	subset = handler.getExternalSubset (gi,
+	    		handler.getSystemId ());
+	    if (subset != null) {
+		String	publicId = subset.getPublicId ();
+		String	systemId = subset.getSystemId ();
+
+		handler.warn ("modifying document by adding DTD");
+		handler.doctypeDecl (gi, publicId, systemId);
+		pushString (null, ">");
+
+		// NOTE:  [dtd] is so we say what SAX2 expects,
+		// though it's misleading (subset, not entire dtd)
+		pushURL (true, "[dtd]",
+		    new String [] { publicId, systemId, null },
+		    subset.getCharacterStream (),
+		    subset.getByteStream (),
+		    subset.getEncoding (),
+		    false);
+
+		// Loop until we end up back at '>'
+		while (true) {
+		    doReport = expandPE = true;
+		    skipWhitespace ();
+		    doReport = expandPE = false;
+		    if (tryRead ('>')) {
+			break;
+		    } else {
+			expandPE = true;
+			parseMarkupdecl ();
+			expandPE = false;
+		    }
+		}
+
+		// the ">" string isn't popped yet
+		if (inputStack.size () != 1)
+		    error ("external subset has unmatched '>'");
+
+		handler.endDoctype ();
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// Determine the current content type.
+	currentElement = gi;
+	element = (Object []) elementInfo.get (gi);
+	currentElementContent = getContentType (element, CONTENT_ANY);
+
+	// Read the attributes, if any.
+	// After this loop, "c" is the closing delimiter.
+	boolean white = tryWhitespace ();
+	c = readCh ();
+	while (c != '/' && c != '>') {
+	    unread (c);
+	    if (!white)
+		error ("need whitespace between attributes");
+	    parseAttribute (gi);
+	    white = tryWhitespace ();
+	    c = readCh ();
+	}
+
+	// Supply any defaulted attributes.
+	Enumeration atts = declaredAttributes (element);
+	if (atts != null) {
+	    String aname;
+loop:
+	    while (atts.hasMoreElements ()) {
+		aname = (String) atts.nextElement ();
+		// See if it was specified.
+		for (int i = 0; i < tagAttributePos; i++) {
+		    if (tagAttributes [i] == aname) {
+			continue loop;
+		    }
+		}
+		// ... or has a default
+		String value = getAttributeDefaultValue (gi, aname);
+
+		if (value == null)
+		    continue;
+		handler.attribute (aname, value, false);
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// Figure out if this is a start tag
+	// or an empty element, and dispatch an
+	// event accordingly.
+	switch (c) {
+	case '>':
+	    handler.startElement (gi);
+	    parseContent ();
+	    break;
+	case '/':
+	    require ('>');
+	    handler.startElement (gi);
+	    handler.endElement (gi);
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	// Restore the previous state.
+	currentElement = oldElement;
+	currentElementContent = oldElementContent;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an attribute assignment.
+     * <pre>
+     * [41] Attribute ::= Name Eq AttValue
+     * </pre>
+     * @param name The name of the attribute's element.
+     * @see SAXDriver#attribute
+     */
+    private void parseAttribute (String name)
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	String aname;
+	String type;
+	String value;
+	int flags = LIT_ATTRIBUTE |  LIT_ENTITY_REF;
+
+	// Read the attribute name.
+	aname = readNmtoken (true);
+	type = getAttributeType (name, aname);
+
+	// Parse '='
+	parseEq ();
+
+	// Read the value, normalizing whitespace
+	// unless it is CDATA.
+	if (type == "CDATA" || type == null) {
+	    value = readLiteral (flags);
+	} else {
+	    value = readLiteral (flags | LIT_NORMALIZE);
+	}
+
+	// WFC: no duplicate attributes
+	for (int i = 0; i < tagAttributePos; i++)
+	    if (aname.equals (tagAttributes [i]))
+		error ("duplicate attribute", aname, null);
+
+	// Inform the handler about the
+	// attribute.
+	handler.attribute (aname, value, true);
+	dataBufferPos = 0;
+
+	// Note that the attribute has been
+	// specified.
+	if (tagAttributePos == tagAttributes.length) {
+	    String newAttrib[] = new String [tagAttributes.length * 2];
+	    System.arraycopy (tagAttributes, 0, newAttrib, 0, tagAttributePos);
+	    tagAttributes = newAttrib;
+	}
+	tagAttributes [tagAttributePos++] = aname;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an equals sign surrounded by optional whitespace.
+     * <pre>
+     * [25] Eq ::= S? '=' S?
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    private void parseEq ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	require ('=');
+	skipWhitespace ();
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an end tag.
+     * <pre>
+     * [42] ETag ::= '</' Name S? '>'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>NOTE: parseContent () chains to here, we already read the
+     * "&lt;/".
+     */
+    private void parseETag ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	require (currentElement);
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	require ('>');
+	handler.endElement (currentElement);
+	// not re-reporting any SAXException re bogus end tags,
+	// even though that diagnostic might be clearer ...
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the content of an element.
+     * <pre>
+     * [43] content ::= (element | CharData | Reference
+     *		| CDSect | PI | Comment)*
+     * [67] Reference ::= EntityRef | CharRef
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> NOTE: consumes ETtag.
+     */
+    private void parseContent ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	char c;
+
+	while (true) {
+	    // consume characters (or ignorable whitspace) until delimiter
+	    parseCharData ();
+
+	    // Handle delimiters
+	    c = readCh ();
+	    switch (c) {
+
+	    case '&': 			// Found "&"
+		c = readCh ();
+		if (c == '#') {
+		    parseCharRef ();
+		} else {
+		    unread (c);
+		    parseEntityRef (true);
+		}
+		break;
+
+	      case '<': 			// Found "<"
+		dataBufferFlush ();
+		c = readCh ();
+		switch (c) {
+		  case '!': 			// Found "<!"
+		    c = readCh ();
+		    switch (c) {
+		      case '-': 		// Found "<!-"
+			require ('-');
+			parseComment ();
+			break;
+		      case '[': 		// Found "<!["
+			require ("CDATA[");
+			handler.startCDATA ();
+			inCDATA = true;
+			parseCDSect ();
+			inCDATA = false;
+			handler.endCDATA ();
+			break;
+		      default:
+			error ("expected comment or CDATA section", c, null);
+			break;
+		    }
+		    break;
+
+		  case '?': 		// Found "<?"
+		    parsePI ();
+		    break;
+
+		  case '/': 		// Found "</"
+		    parseETag ();
+		    return;
+
+		  default: 		// Found "<" followed by something else
+		    unread (c);
+		    parseElement (false);
+		    break;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an element type declaration.
+     * <pre>
+     * [45] elementdecl ::= '&lt;!ELEMENT' S Name S contentspec S? '&gt;'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> NOTE: the '&lt;!ELEMENT' has already been read.
+     */
+    private void parseElementDecl ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	String name;
+
+	requireWhitespace ();
+	// Read the element type name.
+	name = readNmtoken (true);
+
+	requireWhitespace ();
+	// Read the content model.
+	parseContentspec (name);
+
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	require ('>');
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Content specification.
+     * <pre>
+     * [46] contentspec ::= 'EMPTY' | 'ANY' | Mixed | elements
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    private void parseContentspec (String name)
+    throws Exception
+    {
+// FIXME: move elementDecl() into setElement(), pass EMTPY/ANY ...
+	if (tryRead ("EMPTY")) {
+	    setElement (name, CONTENT_EMPTY, null, null);
+	    if (!skippedPE)
+		handler.getDeclHandler ().elementDecl (name, "EMPTY");
+	    return;
+	} else if (tryRead ("ANY")) {
+	    setElement (name, CONTENT_ANY, null, null);
+	    if (!skippedPE)
+		handler.getDeclHandler ().elementDecl (name, "ANY");
+	    return;
+	} else {
+	    String	model;
+	    char	saved []; 
+
+	    require ('(');
+	    saved = readBuffer;
+	    dataBufferAppend ('(');
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	    if (tryRead ("#PCDATA")) {
+		dataBufferAppend ("#PCDATA");
+		parseMixed (saved);
+		model = dataBufferToString ();
+		setElement (name, CONTENT_MIXED, model, null);
+	    } else {
+		parseElements (saved);
+		model = dataBufferToString ();
+		setElement (name, CONTENT_ELEMENTS, model, null);
+	    }
+	    if (!skippedPE)
+		handler.getDeclHandler ().elementDecl (name, model);
+	}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an element-content model.
+     * <pre>
+     * [47] elements ::= (choice | seq) ('?' | '*' | '+')?
+     * [49] choice ::= '(' S? cp (S? '|' S? cp)+ S? ')'
+     * [50] seq ::= '(' S? cp (S? ',' S? cp)* S? ')'
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * <p> NOTE: the opening '(' and S have already been read.
+     *
+     * @param saved Buffer for entity that should have the terminal ')'
+     */
+    private void parseElements (char saved [])
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	char c;
+	char sep;
+
+	// Parse the first content particle
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	parseCp ();
+
+	// Check for end or for a separator.
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	c = readCh ();
+	switch (c) {
+	case ')':
+	    // VC: Proper Group/PE Nesting
+	    if (readBuffer != saved)
+		handler.verror ("Illegal Group/PE nesting");
+
+	    dataBufferAppend (')');
+	    c = readCh ();
+	    switch (c) {
+	    case '*':
+	    case '+':
+	    case '?':
+		dataBufferAppend (c);
+		break;
+	    default:
+		unread (c);
+	    }
+	    return;
+	case ',': 			// Register the separator.
+	case '|':
+	    sep = c;
+	    dataBufferAppend (c);
+	    break;
+	default:
+	    error ("bad separator in content model", c, null);
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	// Parse the rest of the content model.
+	while (true) {
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	    parseCp ();
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	    c = readCh ();
+	    if (c == ')') {
+		// VC: Proper Group/PE Nesting
+		if (readBuffer != saved)
+		    handler.verror ("Illegal Group/PE nesting");
+
+		dataBufferAppend (')');
+		break;
+	    } else if (c != sep) {
+		error ("bad separator in content model", c, null);
+		return;
+	    } else {
+		dataBufferAppend (c);
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// Check for the occurrence indicator.
+	c = readCh ();
+	switch (c) {
+	case '?':
+	case '*':
+	case '+':
+	    dataBufferAppend (c);
+	    return;
+	default:
+	    unread (c);
+	    return;
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a content particle.
+     * <pre>
+     * [48] cp ::= (Name | choice | seq) ('?' | '*' | '+')?
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    private void parseCp ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	if (tryRead ('(')) {
+	    dataBufferAppend ('(');
+	    parseElements (readBuffer);
+	} else {
+	    dataBufferAppend (readNmtoken (true));
+	    char c = readCh ();
+	    switch (c) {
+	    case '?':
+	    case '*':
+	    case '+':
+		dataBufferAppend (c);
+		break;
+	    default:
+		unread (c);
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse mixed content.
+     * <pre>
+     * [51] Mixed ::= '(' S? ( '#PCDATA' (S? '|' S? Name)*) S? ')*'
+     *	      | '(' S? ('#PCDATA') S? ')'
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param saved Buffer for entity that should have the terminal ')'
+     */
+    private void parseMixed (char saved [])
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	// Check for PCDATA alone.
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	if (tryRead (')')) {
+	    // VC: Proper Group/PE Nesting
+	    if (readBuffer != saved)
+		handler.verror ("Illegal Group/PE nesting");
+
+	    dataBufferAppend (")*");
+	    tryRead ('*');
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	// Parse mixed content.
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	while (!tryRead (")")) {
+	    require ('|');
+	    dataBufferAppend ('|');
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	    dataBufferAppend (readNmtoken (true));
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	}
+
+	// VC: Proper Group/PE Nesting
+	if (readBuffer != saved)
+	    handler.verror ("Illegal Group/PE nesting");
+
+	require ('*');
+	dataBufferAppend (")*");
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an attribute list declaration.
+     * <pre>
+     * [52] AttlistDecl ::= '&lt;!ATTLIST' S Name AttDef* S? '&gt;'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>NOTE: the '&lt;!ATTLIST' has already been read.
+     */
+    private void parseAttlistDecl ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	String elementName;
+
+	requireWhitespace ();
+	elementName = readNmtoken (true);
+	boolean white = tryWhitespace ();
+	while (!tryRead ('>')) {
+	    if (!white)
+		error ("whitespace required before attribute definition");
+	    parseAttDef (elementName);
+	    white = tryWhitespace ();
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a single attribute definition.
+     * <pre>
+     * [53] AttDef ::= S Name S AttType S DefaultDecl
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    private void parseAttDef (String elementName)
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	String name;
+	String type;
+	String enum = null;
+
+	// Read the attribute name.
+	name = readNmtoken (true);
+
+	// Read the attribute type.
+	requireWhitespace ();
+	type = readAttType ();
+
+	// Get the string of enumerated values if necessary.
+	if ("ENUMERATION" == type || "NOTATION" == type)
+	    enum = dataBufferToString ();
+
+	// Read the default value.
+	requireWhitespace ();
+	parseDefault (elementName, name, type, enum);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the attribute type.
+     * <pre>
+     * [54] AttType ::= StringType | TokenizedType | EnumeratedType
+     * [55] StringType ::= 'CDATA'
+     * [56] TokenizedType ::= 'ID' | 'IDREF' | 'IDREFS' | 'ENTITY'
+     *		| 'ENTITIES' | 'NMTOKEN' | 'NMTOKENS'
+     * [57] EnumeratedType ::= NotationType | Enumeration
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    private String readAttType ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	if (tryRead ('(')) {
+	    parseEnumeration (false);
+	    return "ENUMERATION";
+	} else {
+	    String typeString = readNmtoken (true);
+	    if ("NOTATION" == typeString) {
+		parseNotationType ();
+		return typeString;
+	    } else if ("CDATA" == typeString
+		    || "ID" == typeString
+		    || "IDREF" == typeString
+		    || "IDREFS" == typeString
+		    || "ENTITY" == typeString
+		    || "ENTITIES" == typeString
+		    || "NMTOKEN" == typeString
+		    || "NMTOKENS" == typeString)
+		return typeString;
+	    error ("illegal attribute type", typeString, null);
+	    return null;
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an enumeration.
+     * <pre>
+     * [59] Enumeration ::= '(' S? Nmtoken (S? '|' S? Nmtoken)* S? ')'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>NOTE: the '(' has already been read.
+     */
+    private void parseEnumeration (boolean isNames)
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	dataBufferAppend ('(');
+
+	// Read the first token.
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	dataBufferAppend (readNmtoken (isNames));
+	// Read the remaining tokens.
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	while (!tryRead (')')) {
+	    require ('|');
+	    dataBufferAppend ('|');
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	    dataBufferAppend (readNmtoken (isNames));
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	}
+	dataBufferAppend (')');
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a notation type for an attribute.
+     * <pre>
+     * [58] NotationType ::= 'NOTATION' S '(' S? NameNtoks
+     *		(S? '|' S? name)* S? ')'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>NOTE: the 'NOTATION' has already been read
+     */
+    private void parseNotationType ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	requireWhitespace ();
+	require ('(');
+
+	parseEnumeration (true);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the default value for an attribute.
+     * <pre>
+     * [60] DefaultDecl ::= '#REQUIRED' | '#IMPLIED'
+     *		| (('#FIXED' S)? AttValue)
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    private void parseDefault (
+	String elementName,
+	String name,
+	String type,
+	String enum
+    ) throws Exception
+    {
+	int	valueType = ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_SPECIFIED;
+	String	value = null;
+	int	flags = LIT_ATTRIBUTE;
+	boolean	saved = expandPE;
+	String	defaultType = null;
+
+	// LIT_ATTRIBUTE forces '<' checks now (ASAP) and turns whitespace
+	// chars to spaces (doesn't matter when that's done if it doesn't
+	// interfere with char refs expanding to whitespace).
+
+	if (!skippedPE) {
+	    flags |= LIT_ENTITY_REF;
+	    if ("CDATA" != type)
+		flags |= LIT_NORMALIZE;
+	}
+
+	expandPE = false;
+	if (tryRead ('#')) {
+	    if (tryRead ("FIXED")) {
+		defaultType = "#FIXED";
+		valueType = ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_FIXED;
+		requireWhitespace ();
+		value = readLiteral (flags);
+	    } else if (tryRead ("REQUIRED")) {
+		defaultType = "#REQUIRED";
+		valueType = ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_REQUIRED;
+	    } else if (tryRead ("IMPLIED")) {
+		defaultType = "#IMPLIED";
+		valueType = ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_IMPLIED;
+	    } else {
+		error ("illegal keyword for attribute default value");
+	    }
+	} else
+	    value = readLiteral (flags);
+	expandPE = saved;
+	setAttribute (elementName, name, type, enum, value, valueType);
+	if ("ENUMERATION" == type)
+	    type = enum;
+	else if ("NOTATION" == type)
+	    type = "NOTATION " + enum;
+	if (!skippedPE) handler.getDeclHandler ()
+	    .attributeDecl (elementName, name, type, defaultType, value);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a conditional section.
+     * <pre>
+     * [61] conditionalSect ::= includeSect || ignoreSect
+     * [62] includeSect ::= '&lt;![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '['
+     *		extSubsetDecl ']]&gt;'
+     * [63] ignoreSect ::= '&lt;![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '['
+     *		ignoreSectContents* ']]&gt;'
+     * [64] ignoreSectContents ::= Ignore
+     *		('&lt;![' ignoreSectContents* ']]&gt;' Ignore )*
+     * [65] Ignore ::= Char* - (Char* ( '&lt;![' | ']]&gt;') Char* )
+     * </pre>
+     * <p> NOTE: the '&gt;![' has already been read.
+     */
+    private void parseConditionalSect (char saved [])
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	if (tryRead ("INCLUDE")) {
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	    require ('[');
+	    // VC: Proper Conditional Section/PE Nesting
+	    if (readBuffer != saved)
+		handler.verror ("Illegal Conditional Section/PE nesting");
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	    while (!tryRead ("]]>")) {
+		parseMarkupdecl ();
+		skipWhitespace ();
+	    }
+	} else if (tryRead ("IGNORE")) {
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	    require ('[');
+	    // VC: Proper Conditional Section/PE Nesting
+	    if (readBuffer != saved)
+		handler.verror ("Illegal Conditional Section/PE nesting");
+	    int nesting = 1;
+	    char c;
+	    expandPE = false;
+	    for (int nest = 1; nest > 0;) {
+		c = readCh ();
+		switch (c) {
+		case '<':
+		    if (tryRead ("![")) {
+			nest++;
+		    }
+		case ']':
+		    if (tryRead ("]>")) {
+			nest--;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    expandPE = true;
+	} else {
+	    error ("conditional section must begin with INCLUDE or IGNORE");
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Read and interpret a character reference.
+     * <pre>
+     * [66] CharRef ::= '&#' [0-9]+ ';' | '&#x' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>NOTE: the '&#' has already been read.
+     */
+    private void parseCharRef ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	int value = 0;
+	char c;
+
+	if (tryRead ('x')) {
+loop1:
+	    while (true) {
+		c = readCh ();
+		int n;
+		switch (c) {
+		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+		    n = c - '0';
+		    break;
+		case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e': case 'f':
+		    n = (c - 'a') + 10;
+		    break;
+		case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E': case 'F':
+		    n = (c - 'A') + 10;
+		    break;
+		case ';':
+		    break loop1;
+		default:
+		    error ("illegal character in character reference", c, null);
+		    break loop1;
+		}
+		value *= 16;
+		value += n;
+	    }
+	} else {
+loop2:
+	    while (true) {
+		c = readCh ();
+		switch (c) {
+		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+		    value *= 10;
+		    value += c - '0';
+		    break;
+		case ';':
+		    break loop2;
+		default:
+		    error ("illegal character in character reference", c, null);
+		    break loop2;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// check for character refs being legal XML
+	if ((value < 0x0020
+		&& ! (value == '\n' || value == '\t' || value == '\r'))
+		|| (value >= 0xD800 && value <= 0xDFFF)
+		|| value == 0xFFFE || value == 0xFFFF
+		|| value > 0x0010ffff)
+	    error ("illegal XML character reference U+"
+		    + Integer.toHexString (value));
+
+	// Check for surrogates: 00000000 0000xxxx yyyyyyyy zzzzzzzz
+	//  (1101|10xx|xxyy|yyyy + 1101|11yy|zzzz|zzzz:
+	if (value <= 0x0000ffff) {
+	    // no surrogates needed
+	    dataBufferAppend ((char) value);
+	} else if (value <= 0x0010ffff) {
+	    value -= 0x10000;
+	    // > 16 bits, surrogate needed
+	    dataBufferAppend ((char) (0xd800 | (value >> 10)));
+	    dataBufferAppend ((char) (0xdc00 | (value & 0x0003ff)));
+	} else {
+	    // too big for surrogate
+	    error ("character reference " + value + " is too large for UTF-16",
+		   new Integer (value).toString (), null);
+	}
+	dataBufferFlush ();
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse and expand an entity reference.
+     * <pre>
+     * [68] EntityRef ::= '&' Name ';'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>NOTE: the '&amp;' has already been read.
+     * @param externalAllowed External entities are allowed here.
+     */
+    private void parseEntityRef (boolean externalAllowed)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	String name;
+
+	name = readNmtoken (true);
+	require (';');
+	switch (getEntityType (name)) {
+	case ENTITY_UNDECLARED:
+	    // NOTE:  XML REC describes amazingly convoluted handling for
+	    // this case.  Nothing as meaningful as being a WFness error
+	    // unless the processor might _legitimately_ not have seen a
+	    // declaration ... which is what this implements.
+	    String	message;
+	    
+	    message = "reference to undeclared general entity " + name;
+	    if (skippedPE && !docIsStandalone) {
+		handler.verror (message);
+		// we don't know this entity, and it might be external...
+		if (externalAllowed)
+		    handler.skippedEntity (name);
+	    } else
+		error (message);
+	    break;
+	case ENTITY_INTERNAL:
+	    pushString (name, getEntityValue (name));
+	    break;
+	case ENTITY_TEXT:
+	    if (externalAllowed) {
+		pushURL (false, name, getEntityIds (name),
+			null, null, null, true);
+	    } else {
+		error ("reference to external entity in attribute value.",
+			name, null);
+	    }
+	    break;
+	case ENTITY_NDATA:
+	    if (externalAllowed) {
+		error ("unparsed entity reference in content", name, null);
+	    } else {
+		error ("reference to external entity in attribute value.",
+			name, null);
+	    }
+	    break;
+	default:
+	    throw new RuntimeException ();
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse and expand a parameter entity reference.
+     * <pre>
+     * [69] PEReference ::= '%' Name ';'
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>NOTE: the '%' has already been read.
+     */
+    private void parsePEReference ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	String name;
+
+	name = "%" + readNmtoken (true);
+	require (';');
+	switch (getEntityType (name)) {
+	case ENTITY_UNDECLARED:
+	    // VC: Entity Declared
+	    handler.verror ("reference to undeclared parameter entity " + name);
+
+	    // we should disable handling of all subsequent declarations
+	    // unless this is a standalone document (info discarded)
+	    break;
+	case ENTITY_INTERNAL:
+	    if (inLiteral)
+		pushString (name, getEntityValue (name));
+	    else
+		pushString (name, ' ' + getEntityValue (name) + ' ');
+	    break;
+	case ENTITY_TEXT:
+	    if (!inLiteral)
+		pushString (null, " ");
+	    pushURL (true, name, getEntityIds (name), null, null, null, true);
+	    if (!inLiteral)
+		pushString (null, " ");
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse an entity declaration.
+     * <pre>
+     * [70] EntityDecl ::= GEDecl | PEDecl
+     * [71] GEDecl ::= '&lt;!ENTITY' S Name S EntityDef S? '&gt;'
+     * [72] PEDecl ::= '&lt;!ENTITY' S '%' S Name S PEDef S? '&gt;'
+     * [73] EntityDef ::= EntityValue | (ExternalID NDataDecl?)
+     * [74] PEDef ::= EntityValue | ExternalID
+     * [75] ExternalID ::= 'SYSTEM' S SystemLiteral
+     *		   | 'PUBLIC' S PubidLiteral S SystemLiteral
+     * [76] NDataDecl ::= S 'NDATA' S Name
+     * </pre>
+     * <p>NOTE: the '&lt;!ENTITY' has already been read.
+     */
+    private void parseEntityDecl ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	boolean peFlag = false;
+	int flags = LIT_DISABLE_CREF;
+
+	// Check for a parameter entity.
+	expandPE = false;
+	requireWhitespace ();
+	if (tryRead ('%')) {
+	    peFlag = true;
+	    requireWhitespace ();
+	}
+	expandPE = true;
+
+	// Read the entity name, and prepend
+	// '%' if necessary.
+	String name = readNmtoken (true);
+	if (peFlag) {
+	    name = "%" + name;
+	}
+
+	// Read the entity value.
+	requireWhitespace ();
+	char c = readCh ();
+	unread (c);
+	if (c == '"' || c == '\'') {
+	    // Internal entity ... replacement text has expanded refs
+	    // to characters and PEs, but not to general entities
+	    String value = readLiteral (flags);
+	    setInternalEntity (name, value);
+	} else {
+	    // Read the external IDs
+	    String ids [] = readExternalIds (false, false);
+
+	    // Check for NDATA declaration.
+	    boolean white = tryWhitespace ();
+	    if (!peFlag && tryRead ("NDATA")) {
+		if (!white)
+		    error ("whitespace required before NDATA");
+		requireWhitespace ();
+		String notationName = readNmtoken (true);
+		if (!skippedPE) {
+		    setExternalEntity (name, ENTITY_NDATA, ids, notationName);
+		    handler.unparsedEntityDecl (name, ids, notationName);
+		}
+	    } else if (!skippedPE) {
+		setExternalEntity (name, ENTITY_TEXT, ids, null);
+		handler.getDeclHandler ()
+		    .externalEntityDecl (name, ids [0],
+			    handler.resolveURIs ()
+	    				// FIXME: ASSUMES not skipped
+					// "false" forces error on bad URI
+				? handler.absolutize (ids [2], ids [1], false)
+				: ids [1]);
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// Finish the declaration.
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	require ('>');
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse a notation declaration.
+     * <pre>
+     * [82] NotationDecl ::= '&lt;!NOTATION' S Name S
+     *		(ExternalID | PublicID) S? '&gt;'
+     * [83] PublicID ::= 'PUBLIC' S PubidLiteral
+     * </pre>
+     * <P>NOTE: the '&lt;!NOTATION' has already been read.
+     */
+    private void parseNotationDecl ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	String nname, ids[];
+
+
+	requireWhitespace ();
+	nname = readNmtoken (true);
+
+	requireWhitespace ();
+
+	// Read the external identifiers.
+	ids = readExternalIds (true, false);
+
+	// Register the notation.
+	setNotation (nname, ids);
+
+	skipWhitespace ();
+	require ('>');
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Parse character data.
+     * <pre>
+     * [14] CharData ::= [^&lt;&amp;]* - ([^&lt;&amp;]* ']]&gt;' [^&lt;&amp;]*)
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    private void parseCharData ()
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	char	c;
+	int	state = 0;
+	boolean pureWhite = false;
+
+	// assert (dataBufferPos == 0);
+
+	// are we expecting pure whitespace?  it might be dirty...
+	if (currentElementContent == CONTENT_ELEMENTS);
+	    pureWhite = true;
+
+	// always report right out of readBuffer
+	// to minimize (pointless) buffer copies
+	while (true) {
+	    int lineAugment = 0;
+	    int columnAugment = 0;
+	    int i;
+
+loop:
+	    for (i = readBufferPos; i < readBufferLength; i++) {
+		switch (c = readBuffer [i]) {
+		case '\n':
+		    lineAugment++;
+		    columnAugment = 0;
+		    // pureWhite unmodified
+		    break;
+		case '\r':	// should not happen!!
+		case '\t':
+		case ' ':
+		    // pureWhite unmodified
+		    columnAugment++;
+		    break;
+		case '&':
+		case '<':
+		    columnAugment++;
+		    // pureWhite unmodified
+		    // CLEAN end of text sequence
+		    state = 1;
+		    break loop;
+		case ']':
+		    // that's not a whitespace char, and
+		    // can not terminate pure whitespace either
+		    pureWhite = false;
+		    if ((i + 2) < readBufferLength) {
+			if (readBuffer [i + 1] == ']'
+				&& readBuffer [i + 2] == '>') {
+			    // ERROR end of text sequence
+			    state = 2;
+			    break loop;
+			}
+		    } else {
+			// FIXME missing two end-of-buffer cases
+		    }
+		    columnAugment++;
+		    break;
+		default:
+		    if (c < 0x0020 || c > 0xFFFD)
+			error ("illegal XML character U+"
+				+ Integer.toHexString (c));
+		    // that's not a whitespace char
+		    pureWhite = false;
+		    columnAugment++;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	    // report text thus far
+	    if (lineAugment > 0) {
+		line += lineAugment;
+		column = columnAugment;
+	    } else {
+		column += columnAugment;
+	    }
+
+	    // report characters/whitspace
+	    int		length = i - readBufferPos;
+
+	    if (length != 0) {
+		if (pureWhite)
+		    handler.ignorableWhitespace (readBuffer,
+		    		readBufferPos, length);
+		else
+		    handler.charData (readBuffer, readBufferPos, length);
+		readBufferPos = i;
+	    }
+	    
+	    if (state != 0)
+		break;
+
+	    // fill next buffer from this entity, or
+	    // pop stack and continue with previous entity
+	    unread (readCh ());
+	}
+
+	// finish, maybe with error
+	if (state != 1)	// finish, no error
+	    error ("character data may not contain ']]>'");
+    }
+
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // High-level reading and scanning methods.
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /**
+     * Require whitespace characters.
+     */
+    private void requireWhitespace ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	char c = readCh ();
+	if (isWhitespace (c)) {
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	} else {
+	    error ("whitespace required", c, null);
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Skip whitespace characters.
+     * <pre>
+     * [3] S ::= (#x20 | #x9 | #xd | #xa)+
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    private void skipWhitespace ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	// Start with a little cheat.  Most of
+	// the time, the white space will fall
+	// within the current read buffer; if
+	// not, then fall through.
+	if (USE_CHEATS) {
+	    int lineAugment = 0;
+	    int columnAugment = 0;
+
+loop:
+	    for (int i = readBufferPos; i < readBufferLength; i++) {
+		switch (readBuffer [i]) {
+		case ' ':
+		case '\t':
+		case '\r':
+		    columnAugment++;
+		    break;
+		case '\n':
+		    lineAugment++;
+		    columnAugment = 0;
+		    break;
+		case '%':
+		    if (expandPE)
+			break loop;
+		    // else fall through...
+		default:
+		    readBufferPos = i;
+		    if (lineAugment > 0) {
+			line += lineAugment;
+			column = columnAugment;
+		    } else {
+			column += columnAugment;
+		    }
+		    return;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// OK, do it the slow way.
+	char c = readCh ();
+	while (isWhitespace (c)) {
+	    c = readCh ();
+	}
+	unread (c);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Read a name or (when parsing an enumeration) name token.
+     * <pre>
+     * [5] Name ::= (Letter | '_' | ':') (NameChar)*
+     * [7] Nmtoken ::= (NameChar)+
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    private String readNmtoken (boolean isName)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	char c;
+
+	if (USE_CHEATS) {
+loop:
+	    for (int i = readBufferPos; i < readBufferLength; i++) {
+		c = readBuffer [i];
+		switch (c) {
+		  case '%':
+		    if (expandPE)
+			break loop;
+		    // else fall through...
+
+		    // What may legitimately come AFTER a name/nmtoken?
+		  case '<': case '>': case '&':
+		  case ',': case '|': case '*': case '+': case '?':
+		  case ')':
+		  case '=':
+		  case '\'': case '"':
+		  case '[':
+		  case ' ': case '\t': case '\r': case '\n':
+		  case ';':
+		  case '/':
+		    int start = readBufferPos;
+		    if (i == start)
+			error ("name expected", readBuffer [i], null);
+		    readBufferPos = i;
+		    return intern (readBuffer, start, i - start);
+
+		  default:
+// FIXME ... per IBM's OASIS test submission, these:
+//   ?		U+06dd 
+// REJECT
+//   BaseChar	U+0132 U+0133 U+013F U+0140 U+0149 U+017F U+01C4 U+01CC
+//		U+01F1 U+01F3 U+0E46 U+1011 U+1104 U+1108 U+110A U+110D
+//		U+113B U+113F U+1141 U+114D U+114F U+1151 U+1156 U+1162
+//		U+1164 U+1166 U+116B U+116F U+1174 U+119F U+11AC U+11B6
+//		U+11B9 U+11BB U+11C3 U+11F1 U+212F U+0587
+//   Combining	U+309B
+
+		    // punt on exact tests from Appendix A; approximate
+		    // them using the Unicode ID start/part rules
+		    if (i == readBufferPos && isName) {
+			if (!Character.isUnicodeIdentifierStart (c)
+				&& c != ':' && c != '_')
+			    error ("Not a name start character, U+"
+				  + Integer.toHexString (c));
+		    } else if (!Character.isUnicodeIdentifierPart (c)
+			    && c != '-' && c != ':' && c != '_' && c != '.'
+			    && !isExtender (c))
+			error ("Not a name character, U+"
+				+ Integer.toHexString (c));
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	nameBufferPos = 0;
+
+	// Read the first character.
+loop:
+	while (true) {
+	    c = readCh ();
+	    switch (c) {
+	    case '%':
+	    case '<': case '>': case '&':
+	    case ',': case '|': case '*': case '+': case '?':
+	    case ')':
+	    case '=':
+	    case '\'': case '"':
+	    case '[':
+	    case ' ': case '\t': case '\n': case '\r':
+	    case ';':
+	    case '/':
+		unread (c);
+		if (nameBufferPos == 0) {
+		    error ("name expected");
+		}
+		// punt on exact tests from Appendix A, but approximate them
+		if (isName
+			&& !Character.isUnicodeIdentifierStart (
+				nameBuffer [0])
+			&& ":_".indexOf (nameBuffer [0]) == -1)
+		    error ("Not a name start character, U+"
+			      + Integer.toHexString (nameBuffer [0]));
+		String s = intern (nameBuffer, 0, nameBufferPos);
+		nameBufferPos = 0;
+		return s;
+	    default:
+		// punt on exact tests from Appendix A, but approximate them
+
+		if ((nameBufferPos != 0 || !isName)
+			&& !Character.isUnicodeIdentifierPart (c)
+			&& ":-_.".indexOf (c) == -1
+			&& !isExtender (c))
+		    error ("Not a name character, U+"
+			    + Integer.toHexString (c));
+		if (nameBufferPos >= nameBuffer.length)
+		    nameBuffer =
+			(char[]) extendArray (nameBuffer,
+				    nameBuffer.length, nameBufferPos);
+		nameBuffer [nameBufferPos++] = c;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isExtender (char c)
+    {
+	// [88] Extender ::= ...
+	return c == 0x00b7 || c == 0x02d0 || c == 0x02d1 || c == 0x0387
+	       || c == 0x0640 || c == 0x0e46 || c == 0x0ec6 || c == 0x3005
+	       || (c >= 0x3031 && c <= 0x3035)
+	       || (c >= 0x309d && c <= 0x309e)
+	       || (c >= 0x30fc && c <= 0x30fe);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Read a literal.  With matching single or double quotes as
+     * delimiters (and not embedded!) this is used to parse:
+     * <pre>
+     *	[9] EntityValue ::= ... ([^%&amp;] | PEReference | Reference)* ...
+     *	[10] AttValue ::= ... ([^<&] | Reference)* ...
+     *	[11] SystemLiteral ::= ... (URLchar - "'")* ...
+     *	[12] PubidLiteral ::= ... (PubidChar - "'")* ...
+     * </pre>
+     * as well as the quoted strings in XML and text declarations
+     * (for version, encoding, and standalone) which have their
+     * own constraints.
+     */
+    private String readLiteral (int flags)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	char	delim, c;
+	int	startLine = line;
+	boolean	saved = expandPE;
+	boolean	savedReport = doReport;
+
+	// Find the first delimiter.
+	delim = readCh ();
+	if (delim != '"' && delim != '\'') {
+	    error ("expected '\"' or \"'\"", delim, null);
+	    return null;
+	}
+	inLiteral = true;
+	if ((flags & LIT_DISABLE_PE) != 0)
+	    expandPE = false;
+	doReport = false;
+
+	// Each level of input source has its own buffer; remember
+	// ours, so we won't read the ending delimiter from any
+	// other input source, regardless of entity processing.
+	char ourBuf [] = readBuffer;
+
+	// Read the literal.
+	try {
+	    c = readCh ();
+loop:
+	    while (! (c == delim && readBuffer == ourBuf)) {
+		switch (c) {
+		    // attributes and public ids are normalized
+		    // in almost the same ways
+		case '\n':
+		case '\r':
+		    if ((flags & (LIT_ATTRIBUTE | LIT_PUBID)) != 0)
+			c = ' ';
+		    break;
+		case '\t':
+		    if ((flags & LIT_ATTRIBUTE) != 0)
+			c = ' ';
+		    break;
+		case '&':
+		    c = readCh ();
+		    // Char refs are expanded immediately, except for
+		    // all the cases where it's deferred.
+		    if (c == '#') {
+			if ((flags & LIT_DISABLE_CREF) != 0) {
+			    dataBufferAppend ('&');
+			    break;
+			}
+			parseCharRef ();
+
+			// exotic WFness risk: this is an entity literal,
+			// dataBuffer [dataBufferPos - 1] == '&', and
+			// following chars are a _partial_ entity/char ref
+
+		    // It looks like an entity ref ...
+		    } else {
+			unread (c);
+			// Expand it?
+			if ((flags & LIT_ENTITY_REF) > 0) {
+			    parseEntityRef (false);
+
+			// Is it just data?
+			} else if ((flags & LIT_DISABLE_EREF) != 0) {
+			    dataBufferAppend ('&');
+
+			// OK, it will be an entity ref -- expanded later.
+			} else {
+			    String name = readNmtoken (true);
+			    require (';');
+			    dataBufferAppend ('&');
+			    dataBufferAppend (name);
+			    dataBufferAppend (';');
+			}
+		    }
+		    c = readCh ();
+		    continue loop;
+
+		case '<':
+		    // and why?  Perhaps so "&foo;" expands the same
+		    // inside and outside an attribute?
+		    if ((flags & LIT_ATTRIBUTE) != 0)
+			error ("attribute values may not contain '<'");
+		    break;
+
+		// We don't worry about case '%' and PE refs, readCh does.
+
+		default:
+		    break;
+		}
+		dataBufferAppend (c);
+		c = readCh ();
+	    }
+	} catch (EOFException e) {
+	    error ("end of input while looking for delimiter (started on line "
+		   + startLine + ')', null, new Character (delim).toString ());
+	}
+	inLiteral = false;
+	expandPE = saved;
+	doReport = savedReport;
+
+	// Normalise whitespace if necessary.
+	if ((flags & LIT_NORMALIZE) > 0) {
+	    dataBufferNormalize ();
+	}
+
+	// Return the value.
+	return dataBufferToString ();
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Try reading external identifiers.
+     * A system identifier is not required for notations.
+     * @param inNotation Are we parsing a notation decl?
+     * @param isSubset Parsing external subset decl (may be omitted)?
+     * @return A three-member String array containing the identifiers,
+     *	or nulls. Order: public, system, baseURI.
+     */
+    private String[] readExternalIds (boolean inNotation, boolean isSubset)
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	char	c;
+	String	ids[] = new String [3];
+	int	flags = LIT_DISABLE_CREF | LIT_DISABLE_PE | LIT_DISABLE_EREF;
+
+	if (tryRead ("PUBLIC")) {
+	    requireWhitespace ();
+	    ids [0] = readLiteral (LIT_NORMALIZE | LIT_PUBID | flags);
+	    if (inNotation) {
+		skipWhitespace ();
+		c = readCh ();
+		unread (c);
+		if (c == '"' || c == '\'') {
+		    ids [1] = readLiteral (flags);
+		}
+	    } else {
+		requireWhitespace ();
+		ids [1] = readLiteral (flags);
+	    }
+
+	    for (int i = 0; i < ids [0].length (); i++) {
+		c = ids [0].charAt (i);
+		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+		    continue;
+		if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
+		    continue;
+		if (" \r\n0123456789-' ()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%".indexOf (c) != -1)
+		    continue;
+		error ("illegal PUBLIC id character U+"
+			+ Integer.toHexString (c));
+	    }
+	} else if (tryRead ("SYSTEM")) {
+	    requireWhitespace ();
+	    ids [1] = readLiteral (flags);
+	} else if (!isSubset) 
+		error ("missing SYSTEM or PUBLIC keyword");
+
+	if (ids [1] != null) {
+	    if (ids [1].indexOf ('#') != -1)
+		handler.verror ("SYSTEM id has a URI fragment: " + ids [1]);
+	    ids [2] = handler.getSystemId ();
+	    if (ids [2] == null)
+		handler.warn ("No base URI; hope URI is absolute: "
+			+ ids [1]);
+	}
+
+	return ids;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Test if a character is whitespace.
+     * <pre>
+     * [3] S ::= (#x20 | #x9 | #xd | #xa)+
+     * </pre>
+     * @param c The character to test.
+     * @return true if the character is whitespace.
+     */
+    private final boolean isWhitespace (char c)
+    {
+	if (c > 0x20)
+	    return false;
+	if (c == 0x20 || c == 0x0a || c == 0x09 || c == 0x0d)
+	    return true;
+	return false;	// illegal ...
+    }
+
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Utility routines.
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+    /**
+     * Add a character to the data buffer.
+     */
+    private void dataBufferAppend (char c)
+    {
+	// Expand buffer if necessary.
+	if (dataBufferPos >= dataBuffer.length)
+	    dataBuffer =
+		(char[]) extendArray (dataBuffer,
+			dataBuffer.length, dataBufferPos);
+	dataBuffer [dataBufferPos++] = c;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Add a string to the data buffer.
+     */
+    private void dataBufferAppend (String s)
+    {
+	dataBufferAppend (s.toCharArray (), 0, s.length ());
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Append (part of) a character array to the data buffer.
+     */
+    private void dataBufferAppend (char ch[], int start, int length)
+    {
+	dataBuffer = (char[])
+		extendArray (dataBuffer, dataBuffer.length,
+				    dataBufferPos + length);
+
+	System.arraycopy (ch, start, dataBuffer, dataBufferPos, length);
+	dataBufferPos += length;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Normalise space characters in the data buffer.
+     */
+    private void dataBufferNormalize ()
+    {
+	int i = 0;
+	int j = 0;
+	int end = dataBufferPos;
+
+	// Skip spaces at the start.
+	while (j < end && dataBuffer [j] == ' ') {
+	    j++;
+	}
+
+	// Skip whitespace at the end.
+	while (end > j && dataBuffer [end - 1] == ' ') {
+	    end --;
+	}
+
+	// Start copying to the left.
+	while (j < end) {
+
+	    char c = dataBuffer [j++];
+
+	    // Normalise all other spaces to
+	    // a single space.
+	    if (c == ' ') {
+		while (j < end && dataBuffer [j++] == ' ')
+		    continue;
+		dataBuffer [i++] = ' ';
+		dataBuffer [i++] = dataBuffer [j - 1];
+	    } else {
+		dataBuffer [i++] = c;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// The new length is <= the old one.
+	dataBufferPos = i;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Convert the data buffer to a string.
+     */
+    private String dataBufferToString ()
+    {
+	String s = new String (dataBuffer, 0, dataBufferPos);
+	dataBufferPos = 0;
+	return s;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Flush the contents of the data buffer to the handler, as
+     * appropriate, and reset the buffer for new input.
+     */
+    private void dataBufferFlush ()
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	if (currentElementContent == CONTENT_ELEMENTS
+		&& dataBufferPos > 0
+		&& !inCDATA
+		) {
+	    // We can't just trust the buffer to be whitespace, there
+	    // are (error) cases when it isn't
+	    for (int i = 0; i < dataBufferPos; i++) {
+		if (!isWhitespace (dataBuffer [i])) {
+		    handler.charData (dataBuffer, 0, dataBufferPos);
+		    dataBufferPos = 0;
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (dataBufferPos > 0) {
+		handler.ignorableWhitespace (dataBuffer, 0, dataBufferPos);
+		dataBufferPos = 0;
+	    }
+	} else if (dataBufferPos > 0) {
+	    handler.charData (dataBuffer, 0, dataBufferPos);
+	    dataBufferPos = 0;
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Require a string to appear, or throw an exception.
+     * <p><em>Precondition:</em> Entity expansion is not required.
+     * <p><em>Precondition:</em> data buffer has no characters that
+     * will get sent to the application.
+     */
+    private void require (String delim)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	int	length = delim.length ();
+	char	ch [];
+		
+	if (length < dataBuffer.length) {
+	    ch = dataBuffer;
+	    delim.getChars (0, length, ch, 0);
+	} else
+	    ch = delim.toCharArray ();
+
+	if (USE_CHEATS
+		&& length <= (readBufferLength - readBufferPos)) {
+	    int offset = readBufferPos;
+
+	    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++, offset++)
+		if (ch [i] != readBuffer [offset])
+		    error ("required string", null, delim);
+	    readBufferPos = offset;
+	    
+	} else {
+	    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
+		require (ch [i]);
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Require a character to appear, or throw an exception.
+     */
+    private void require (char delim)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	char c = readCh ();
+
+	if (c != delim) {
+	    error ("required character", c, new Character (delim).toString ());
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Create an interned string from a character array.
+     * &AElig;lfred uses this method to create an interned version
+     * of all names and name tokens, so that it can test equality
+     * with <code>==</code> instead of <code>String.equals ()</code>.
+     *
+     * <p>This is much more efficient than constructing a non-interned
+     * string first, and then interning it.
+     *
+     * @param ch an array of characters for building the string.
+     * @param start the starting position in the array.
+     * @param length the number of characters to place in the string.
+     * @return an interned string.
+     * @see #intern (String)
+     * @see java.lang.String#intern
+     */
+    public String intern (char ch[], int start, int length)
+    {
+	int	index = 0;
+	int	hash = 0;
+	Object	bucket [];
+
+	// Generate a hash code.  This is a widely used string hash,
+	// often attributed to Brian Kernighan.
+	for (int i = start; i < start + length; i++)
+	    hash = 31 * hash + ch [i];
+	hash = (hash & 0x7fffffff) % SYMBOL_TABLE_LENGTH;
+
+	// Get the bucket -- consists of {array,String} pairs
+	if ((bucket = symbolTable [hash]) == null) {
+	    // first string in this bucket
+	    bucket = new Object [8];
+
+	// Search for a matching tuple, and
+	// return the string if we find one.
+	} else {
+	    while (index < bucket.length) {
+		char chFound [] = (char []) bucket [index];
+
+		// Stop when we hit an empty entry.
+		if (chFound == null)
+		    break;
+
+		// If they're the same length, check for a match.
+		if (chFound.length == length) {
+		    for (int i = 0; i < chFound.length; i++) {
+			// continue search on failure
+			if (ch [start + i] != chFound [i]) {
+			    break;
+			} else if (i == length - 1) {
+			    // That's it, we have a match!
+			    return (String) bucket [index + 1];
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+		index += 2;
+	    }
+	    // Not found -- we'll have to add it.
+
+	    // Do we have to grow the bucket?
+	    bucket = (Object []) extendArray (bucket, bucket.length, index);
+	}
+	symbolTable [hash] = bucket;
+
+	// OK, add it to the end of the bucket -- "local" interning.
+	// Intern "globally" to let applications share interning benefits.
+	// That is, "!=" and "==" work on our strings, not just equals().
+	String s = new String (ch, start, length).intern ();
+	bucket [index] = s.toCharArray ();
+	bucket [index + 1] = s;
+	return s;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensure the capacity of an array, allocating a new one if
+     * necessary.  Usually extends only for name hash collisions. 
+     */
+    private Object extendArray (Object array, int currentSize, int requiredSize)
+    {
+	if (requiredSize < currentSize) {
+	    return array;
+	} else {
+	    Object newArray = null;
+	    int newSize = currentSize * 2;
+
+	    if (newSize <= requiredSize)
+		newSize = requiredSize + 1;
+
+	    if (array instanceof char[])
+		newArray = new char [newSize];
+	    else if (array instanceof Object[])
+		newArray = new Object [newSize];
+	    else
+		throw new RuntimeException ();
+
+	    System.arraycopy (array, 0, newArray, 0, currentSize);
+	    return newArray;
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // XML query routines.
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+    boolean isStandalone () { return docIsStandalone; }
+
+
+    //
+    // Elements
+    //
+
+    private int getContentType (Object element [], int defaultType)
+    {
+	int retval;
+
+	if (element == null)
+	    return defaultType;
+	retval = ((Integer) element [0]).intValue ();
+	if (retval == CONTENT_UNDECLARED)
+	    retval = defaultType;
+	return retval;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Look up the content type of an element.
+     * @param name The element type name.
+     * @return An integer constant representing the content type.
+     * @see #CONTENT_UNDECLARED
+     * @see #CONTENT_ANY
+     * @see #CONTENT_EMPTY
+     * @see #CONTENT_MIXED
+     * @see #CONTENT_ELEMENTS
+     */
+    public int getElementContentType (String name)
+    {
+	Object element [] = (Object []) elementInfo.get (name);
+	return getContentType (element, CONTENT_UNDECLARED);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Register an element.
+     * Array format:
+     *  [0] element type name
+     *  [1] content model (mixed, elements only)
+     *  [2] attribute hash table
+     */
+    private void setElement (
+	String		name,
+	int		contentType,
+	String		contentModel,
+	Hashtable	attributes
+    ) throws SAXException 
+    {
+	if (skippedPE)
+	    return;
+
+	Object element [] = (Object []) elementInfo.get (name);
+
+	// first <!ELEMENT ...> or <!ATTLIST ...> for this type?
+	if (element == null) {
+	    element = new Object [3];
+	    element [0] = new Integer (contentType);
+	    element [1] = contentModel;
+	    element [2] = attributes;
+	    elementInfo.put (name, element);
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	// <!ELEMENT ...> declaration?
+	if (contentType != CONTENT_UNDECLARED) {
+	    // ... following an associated <!ATTLIST ...>
+	    if (((Integer) element [0]).intValue () == CONTENT_UNDECLARED) {
+		element [0] = new Integer (contentType);
+		element [1] = contentModel;
+	    } else
+		// VC: Unique Element Type Declaration
+		handler.verror ("multiple declarations for element type: "
+			+ name);
+	}
+
+	// first <!ATTLIST ...>, before <!ELEMENT ...> ?
+	else if (attributes != null)
+	    element [2] = attributes;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Look up the attribute hash table for an element.
+     * The hash table is the second item in the element array.
+     */
+    private Hashtable getElementAttributes (String name)
+    {
+	Object element[] = (Object[]) elementInfo.get (name);
+	if (element == null)
+	    return null;
+	else
+	    return (Hashtable) element [2];
+    }
+
+
+
+    //
+    // Attributes
+    //
+
+    /**
+     * Get the declared attributes for an element type.
+     * @param elname The name of the element type.
+     * @return An Enumeration of all the attributes declared for
+     *	 a specific element type.  The results will be valid only
+     *	 after the DTD (if any) has been parsed.
+     * @see #getAttributeType
+     * @see #getAttributeEnumeration
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValueType
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValue
+     * @see #getAttributeExpandedValue
+     */
+    private Enumeration declaredAttributes (Object element [])
+    {
+	Hashtable attlist;
+
+	if (element == null)
+	    return null;
+	if ((attlist = (Hashtable) element [2]) == null)
+	    return null;
+	return attlist.keys ();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the declared attributes for an element type.
+     * @param elname The name of the element type.
+     * @return An Enumeration of all the attributes declared for
+     *	 a specific element type.  The results will be valid only
+     *	 after the DTD (if any) has been parsed.
+     * @see #getAttributeType
+     * @see #getAttributeEnumeration
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValueType
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValue
+     * @see #getAttributeExpandedValue
+     */
+    public Enumeration declaredAttributes (String elname)
+    {
+	return declaredAttributes ((Object []) elementInfo.get (elname));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the declared type of an attribute.
+     * @param name The name of the associated element.
+     * @param aname The name of the attribute.
+     * @return An interend string denoting the type, or null
+     *	indicating an undeclared attribute.
+     */
+    public String getAttributeType (String name, String aname)
+    {
+	Object attribute[] = getAttribute (name, aname);
+	if (attribute == null) {
+	    return null;
+	} else {
+	    return (String) attribute [0];
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the allowed values for an enumerated attribute type.
+     * @param name The name of the associated element.
+     * @param aname The name of the attribute.
+     * @return A string containing the token list.
+     */
+    public String getAttributeEnumeration (String name, String aname)
+    {
+	Object attribute[] = getAttribute (name, aname);
+	if (attribute == null) {
+	    return null;
+	} else {
+	    // assert:  attribute [0] is "ENUMERATION" or "NOTATION"
+	    return (String) attribute [3];
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the default value of a declared attribute.
+     * @param name The name of the associated element.
+     * @param aname The name of the attribute.
+     * @return The default value, or null if the attribute was
+     *	 #IMPLIED or simply undeclared and unspecified.
+     * @see #getAttributeExpandedValue
+     */
+    public String getAttributeDefaultValue (String name, String aname)
+    {
+	Object attribute[] = getAttribute (name, aname);
+	if (attribute == null) {
+	    return null;
+	} else {
+	    return (String) attribute [1];
+	}
+    }
+
+    /*
+
+// FIXME:  Leaving this in, until W3C finally resolves the confusion
+// between parts of the XML 2nd REC about when entity declararations
+// are guaranteed to be known.  Current code matches what section 5.1
+// (conformance) describes, but some readings of the self-contradicting
+// text in 4.1 (the "Entity Declared" WFC and VC) seem to expect that
+// attribute expansion/normalization must be deferred in some cases
+// (just TRY to identify them!).
+
+     * Retrieve the expanded value of a declared attribute.
+     * <p>General entities (and char refs) will be expanded (once).
+     * @param name The name of the associated element.
+     * @param aname The name of the attribute.
+     * @return The expanded default value, or null if the attribute was
+     *	 #IMPLIED or simply undeclared
+     * @see #getAttributeDefaultValue
+    public String getAttributeExpandedValue (String name, String aname)
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	Object attribute[] = getAttribute (name, aname);
+
+	if (attribute == null) {
+	    return null;
+	} else if (attribute [4] == null && attribute [1] != null) {
+	    // we MUST use the same buf for both quotes else the literal
+	    // can't be properly terminated
+	    char buf [] = new char [1];
+	    int	flags = LIT_ENTITY_REF | LIT_ATTRIBUTE;
+	    String type = getAttributeType (name, aname);
+
+	    if (type != "CDATA" && type != null)
+		flags |= LIT_NORMALIZE;
+	    buf [0] = '"';
+	    pushCharArray (null, buf, 0, 1);
+	    pushString (null, (String) attribute [1]);
+	    pushCharArray (null, buf, 0, 1);
+	    attribute [4] = readLiteral (flags);
+	}
+	return (String) attribute [4];
+    }
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the default value mode of a declared attribute.
+     * @see #ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_SPECIFIED
+     * @see #ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_IMPLIED
+     * @see #ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_REQUIRED
+     * @see #ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_FIXED
+     */
+    public int getAttributeDefaultValueType (String name, String aname)
+    {
+	Object attribute[] = getAttribute (name, aname);
+	if (attribute == null) {
+	    return ATTRIBUTE_DEFAULT_UNDECLARED;
+	} else {
+	    return ((Integer) attribute [2]).intValue ();
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Register an attribute declaration for later retrieval.
+     * Format:
+     * - String type
+     * - String default value
+     * - int value type
+     * - enumeration
+     * - processed default value
+     */
+    private void setAttribute (String elName, String name, String type,
+			String enumeration,
+			String value, int valueType)
+    throws Exception
+    {
+	Hashtable attlist;
+
+	if (skippedPE)
+	    return;
+
+	// Create a new hashtable if necessary.
+	attlist = getElementAttributes (elName);
+	if (attlist == null)
+	    attlist = new Hashtable ();
+
+	// ignore multiple attribute declarations!
+	if (attlist.get (name) != null) {
+	    // warn ...
+	    return;
+	} else {
+	    Object attribute [] = new Object [5];
+	    attribute [0] = type;
+	    attribute [1] = value;
+	    attribute [2] = new Integer (valueType);
+	    attribute [3] = enumeration;
+	    attribute [4] = null;
+	    attlist.put (name, attribute);
+
+	    // save; but don't overwrite any existing <!ELEMENT ...>
+	    setElement (elName, CONTENT_UNDECLARED, null, attlist);
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the array representing an attribute declaration.
+     */
+    private Object[] getAttribute (String elName, String name)
+    {
+	Hashtable attlist;
+
+	attlist = getElementAttributes (elName);
+	if (attlist == null)
+	    return null;
+	return (Object[]) attlist.get (name);
+    }
+
+
+    //
+    // Entities
+    //
+
+    /**
+     * Find the type of an entity.
+     * @returns An integer constant representing the entity type.
+     * @see #ENTITY_UNDECLARED
+     * @see #ENTITY_INTERNAL
+     * @see #ENTITY_NDATA
+     * @see #ENTITY_TEXT
+     */
+    public int getEntityType (String ename)
+    {
+	Object entity[] = (Object[]) entityInfo.get (ename);
+	if (entity == null) {
+	    return ENTITY_UNDECLARED;
+	} else {
+	    return ((Integer) entity [0]).intValue ();
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Return an external entity's identifier array.
+     * @param ename The name of the external entity.
+     * @return Three element array containing (in order) the entity's
+     *	public identifier, system identifier, and base URI.  Null if
+     *	 the entity was not declared as an external entity.
+     * @see #getEntityType
+     */
+    public String [] getEntityIds (String ename)
+    {
+	Object entity[] = (Object[]) entityInfo.get (ename);
+	if (entity == null) {
+	    return null;
+	} else {
+	    return (String []) entity [1];
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Return an internal entity's replacement text.
+     * @param ename The name of the internal entity.
+     * @return The entity's replacement text, or null if
+     *	 the entity was not declared as an internal entity.
+     * @see #getEntityType
+     */
+    public String getEntityValue (String ename)
+    {
+	Object entity[] = (Object[]) entityInfo.get (ename);
+	if (entity == null) {
+	    return null;
+	} else {
+	    return (String) entity [3];
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Register an entity declaration for later retrieval.
+     */
+    private void setInternalEntity (String eName, String value)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	if (skippedPE)
+	    return;
+
+	if (entityInfo.get (eName) == null) {
+	    Object entity[] = new Object [5];
+	    entity [0] = new Integer (ENTITY_INTERNAL);
+// FIXME: shrink!!  [2] useless
+	    entity [3] = value;
+	    entityInfo.put (eName, entity);
+	}
+	if ("lt" == eName || "gt" == eName || "quot" == eName
+		|| "apos" == eName || "amp" == eName)
+	    return;
+	handler.getDeclHandler ()
+	    .internalEntityDecl (eName, value);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Register an external entity declaration for later retrieval.
+     */
+    private void setExternalEntity (String eName, int eClass,
+		     String ids [], String nName)
+    {
+	if (entityInfo.get (eName) == null) {
+	    Object entity[] = new Object [5];
+	    entity [0] = new Integer (eClass);
+	    entity [1] = ids;
+// FIXME: shrink!!  [2] no longer used, [4] irrelevant given [0]
+	    entity [4] = nName;
+	    entityInfo.put (eName, entity);
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    //
+    // Notations.
+    //
+
+    /**
+     * Report a notation declaration, checking for duplicates.
+     */
+    private void setNotation (String nname, String ids [])
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	if (skippedPE)
+	    return;
+
+	handler.notationDecl (nname, ids);
+	if (notationInfo.get (nname) == null)
+	    notationInfo.put (nname, nname);
+	else
+	    // VC: Unique Notation Name
+	    handler.verror ("Duplicate notation name decl: " + nname);
+    }
+
+
+    //
+    // Location.
+    //
+
+
+    /**
+     * Return the current line number.
+     */
+    public int getLineNumber ()
+    {
+	return line;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Return the current column number.
+     */
+    public int getColumnNumber ()
+    {
+	return column;
+    }
+
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // High-level I/O.
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+    /**
+     * Read a single character from the readBuffer.
+     * <p>The readDataChunk () method maintains the buffer.
+     * <p>If we hit the end of an entity, try to pop the stack and
+     * keep going.
+     * <p> (This approach doesn't really enforce XML's rules about
+     * entity boundaries, but this is not currently a validating
+     * parser).
+     * <p>This routine also attempts to keep track of the current
+     * position in external entities, but it's not entirely accurate.
+     * @return The next available input character.
+     * @see #unread (char)
+     * @see #readDataChunk
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     * @see #line
+     * @return The next character from the current input source.
+     */
+    private char readCh ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	// As long as there's nothing in the
+	// read buffer, try reading more data
+	// (for an external entity) or popping
+	// the entity stack (for either).
+	while (readBufferPos >= readBufferLength) {
+	    switch (sourceType) {
+	    case INPUT_READER:
+	    case INPUT_STREAM:
+		readDataChunk ();
+		while (readBufferLength < 1) {
+		    popInput ();
+		    if (readBufferLength < 1) {
+			readDataChunk ();
+		    }
+		}
+		break;
+
+	    default:
+
+		popInput ();
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	char c = readBuffer [readBufferPos++];
+
+	if (c == '\n') {
+	    line++;
+	    column = 0;
+	} else {
+	    if (c == '<') {
+		/* the most common return to parseContent () ... NOP */
+	    } else if ((c < 0x0020 && (c != '\t') && (c != '\r')) || c > 0xFFFD)
+		error ("illegal XML character U+"
+			+ Integer.toHexString (c));
+
+	    // If we're in the DTD and in a context where PEs get expanded,
+	    // do so ... 1/14/2000 errata identify those contexts.  There
+	    // are also spots in the internal subset where PE refs are fatal
+	    // errors, hence yet another flag.
+	    else if (c == '%' && expandPE) {
+		if (peIsError)
+		    error ("PE reference within decl in internal subset.");
+		parsePEReference ();
+		return readCh ();
+	    }
+	    column++;
+	}
+
+	return c;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Push a single character back onto the current input stream.
+     * <p>This method usually pushes the character back onto
+     * the readBuffer.
+     * <p>I don't think that this would ever be called with 
+     * readBufferPos = 0, because the methods always reads a character
+     * before unreading it, but just in case, I've added a boundary
+     * condition.
+     * @param c The character to push back.
+     * @see #readCh
+     * @see #unread (char[])
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     */
+    private void unread (char c)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	// Normal condition.
+	if (c == '\n') {
+	    line--;
+	    column = -1;
+	}
+	if (readBufferPos > 0) {
+	    readBuffer [--readBufferPos] = c;
+	} else {
+	    pushString (null, new Character (c).toString ());
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Push a char array back onto the current input stream.
+     * <p>NOTE: you must <em>never</em> push back characters that you
+     * haven't actually read: use pushString () instead.
+     * @see #readCh
+     * @see #unread (char)
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     * @see #pushString
+     */
+    private void unread (char ch[], int length)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+	    if (ch [i] == '\n') {
+		line--;
+		column = -1;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (length < readBufferPos) {
+	    readBufferPos -= length;
+	} else {
+	    pushCharArray (null, ch, 0, length);
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Push, or skip, a new external input source.
+     * The source will be some kind of parsed entity, such as a PE
+     * (including the external DTD subset) or content for the body.
+     *
+     * @param url The java.net.URL object for the entity.
+     * @see SAXDriver#resolveEntity
+     * @see #pushString
+     * @see #sourceType
+     * @see #pushInput
+     * @see #detectEncoding
+     * @see #sourceType
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     */
+    private void pushURL (
+        boolean		isPE,
+	String		ename,
+	String		ids [],		// public, system, baseURI
+	Reader		reader,
+	InputStream	stream,
+	String		encoding,
+	boolean		doResolve
+    ) throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	boolean		ignoreEncoding;
+	String		systemId;
+	InputSource	source;
+
+	if (!isPE)
+	    dataBufferFlush ();
+
+	scratch.setPublicId (ids [0]);
+	scratch.setSystemId (ids [1]);
+
+	// See if we should skip or substitute the entity.
+	// If we're not skipping, resolving reports startEntity()
+	// and updates the (handler's) stack of URIs.
+	if (doResolve) {
+	    // assert (stream == null && reader == null && encoding == null)
+	    source = handler.resolveEntity (isPE, ename, scratch, ids [2]);
+	    if (source == null) {
+		handler.warn ("skipping entity: " + ename);
+		handler.skippedEntity (ename);
+		if (isPE)
+		    skippedPE = true;
+		return;
+	    }
+
+	    // we might be using alternate IDs/encoding
+	    systemId = source.getSystemId ();
+	    if (systemId == null) {
+		handler.warn ("missing system ID, using " + ids [1]);
+		systemId = ids [1];
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    // "[document]", or "[dtd]" via getExternalSubset()
+	    scratch.setCharacterStream (reader);
+	    scratch.setByteStream (stream);
+	    scratch.setEncoding (encoding);
+	    source = scratch;
+	    systemId = ids [1];
+	    handler.startExternalEntity (ename, systemId,
+		    "[document]" == ename);
+	}
+
+	// we may have been given I/O streams directly
+	if (source.getCharacterStream () != null) {
+	    if (source.getByteStream () != null)
+		error ("InputSource has two streams!");
+	    reader = source.getCharacterStream ();
+	} else if (source.getByteStream () != null) {
+	    encoding = source.getEncoding ();
+	    if (encoding == null)
+		stream = source.getByteStream ();
+	    else try {
+		reader = new InputStreamReader (
+		    source.getByteStream (),
+		    encoding);
+	    } catch (IOException e) {
+		stream = source.getByteStream ();
+	    }
+	} else if (systemId == null)
+	    error ("InputSource has no URI!");
+	scratch.setCharacterStream (null);
+	scratch.setByteStream (null);
+	scratch.setEncoding (null);
+
+	// Push the existing status.
+	pushInput (ename);
+
+	// Create a new read buffer.
+	// (Note the four-character margin)
+	readBuffer = new char [READ_BUFFER_MAX + 4];
+	readBufferPos = 0;
+	readBufferLength = 0;
+	readBufferOverflow = -1;
+	is = null;
+	line = 1;
+	column = 0;
+	currentByteCount = 0;
+
+	// If there's an explicit character stream, just
+	// ignore encoding declarations.
+	if (reader != null) {
+	    sourceType = INPUT_READER;
+	    this.reader = reader;
+	    tryEncodingDecl (true);
+	    return;
+	}
+	
+	// Else we handle the conversion, and need to ensure
+	// it's done right.
+	sourceType = INPUT_STREAM;
+	if (stream != null) {
+	    is = stream;
+	} else {
+	    // We have to open our own stream to the URL.
+	    URL url = new URL (systemId);
+
+	    externalEntity = url.openConnection ();
+	    externalEntity.connect ();
+	    is = externalEntity.getInputStream ();
+	}
+
+	// If we get to here, there must be
+	// an InputStream available.
+	if (!is.markSupported ()) {
+	    is = new BufferedInputStream (is);
+	}
+
+	// Get any external encoding label.
+	if (encoding == null && externalEntity != null) {
+	    // External labels can be untrustworthy; filesystems in
+	    // particular often have the wrong default for content
+	    // that wasn't locally originated.  Those we autodetect.
+	    if (!"file".equals (externalEntity.getURL ().getProtocol ())) {
+		int temp;
+
+		// application/xml;charset=something;otherAttr=...
+		// ... with many variants on 'something'
+		encoding = externalEntity.getContentType ();
+
+		// MHK code (fix for Saxon 5.5.1/007):
+		// protect against encoding==null
+		if (encoding==null) {
+		    temp = -1;
+		} else {
+		    temp = encoding.indexOf ("charset");
+		}
+
+		// RFC 2376 sez MIME text defaults to ASCII, but since the
+		// JDK will create a MIME type out of thin air, we always
+		// autodetect when there's no explicit charset attribute.
+		if (temp < 0)
+		    encoding = null;	// autodetect
+		else {
+		    // only this one attribute
+		    if ((temp = encoding.indexOf (';')) > 0)
+			encoding = encoding.substring (0, temp);
+
+		    if ((temp = encoding.indexOf ('=', temp + 7)) > 0) {
+			encoding = encoding.substring (temp + 1);
+
+			// attributes can have comment fields (RFC 822)
+			if ((temp = encoding.indexOf ('(')) > 0)
+			    encoding = encoding.substring (0, temp);
+			// ... and values may be quoted
+			if ((temp = encoding.indexOf ('"')) > 0)
+			    encoding = encoding.substring (temp + 1,
+				    encoding.indexOf ('"', temp + 2));
+			encoding.trim ();
+		    } else {
+			handler.warn ("ignoring illegal MIME attribute: "
+				+ encoding);
+			encoding = null;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// if we got an external encoding label, use it ...
+	if (encoding != null) {
+	    this.encoding = ENCODING_EXTERNAL;
+	    setupDecoding (encoding);
+	    ignoreEncoding = true;
+	
+	// ... else autodetect from first bytes.
+	} else {
+	    detectEncoding ();
+	    ignoreEncoding = false;
+	}
+
+	// Read any XML or text declaration.
+	// If we autodetected, it may tell us the "real" encoding.
+	try {
+	    tryEncodingDecl (ignoreEncoding);
+	} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException x) {
+	    encoding = x.getMessage ();
+
+	    // if we don't handle the declared encoding,
+	    // try letting a JVM InputStreamReader do it
+	    try {
+		if (sourceType != INPUT_STREAM)
+		    throw x;
+
+		is.reset ();
+		readBufferPos = 0;
+		readBufferLength = 0;
+		readBufferOverflow = -1;
+		line = 1;
+		currentByteCount = column = 0;
+
+		sourceType = INPUT_READER;
+		this.reader = new InputStreamReader (is, encoding);
+		is = null;
+
+		tryEncodingDecl (true);
+
+	    } catch (IOException e) {
+		error ("unsupported text encoding",
+		       encoding,
+		       null);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Check for an encoding declaration.  This is the second part of the
+     * XML encoding autodetection algorithm, relying on detectEncoding to
+     * get to the point that this part can read any encoding declaration
+     * in the document (using only US-ASCII characters).
+     *
+     * <p> Because this part starts to fill parser buffers with this data,
+     * it's tricky to setup a reader so that Java's built-in decoders can be
+     * used for the character encodings that aren't built in to this parser
+     * (such as EUC-JP, KOI8-R, Big5, etc).
+     *
+     * @return any encoding in the declaration, uppercased; or null
+     * @see detectEncoding
+     */
+    private String tryEncodingDecl (boolean ignoreEncoding)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	// Read the XML/text declaration.
+	if (tryRead ("<?xml")) {
+	    if (tryWhitespace ()) {
+		if (inputStack.size () > 0) {
+		    return parseTextDecl (ignoreEncoding);
+		} else {
+		    return parseXMLDecl (ignoreEncoding);
+		}
+	    } else {
+		// <?xml-stylesheet ...?> or similar
+		unread ('l');
+		unread ('m');
+		unread ('x');
+		unread ('?');
+		unread ('<');
+	    }
+	}
+	return null;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to detect the encoding of an entity.
+     * <p>The trick here (as suggested in the XML standard) is that
+     * any entity not in UTF-8, or in UCS-2 with a byte-order mark, 
+     * <b>must</b> begin with an XML declaration or an encoding
+     * declaration; we simply have to look for "&lt;?xml" in various
+     * encodings.
+     * <p>This method has no way to distinguish among 8-bit encodings.
+     * Instead, it sets up for UTF-8, then (possibly) revises its assumption
+     * later in setupDecoding ().  Any ASCII-derived 8-bit encoding
+     * should work, but most will be rejected later by setupDecoding ().
+     * @see #tryEncoding (byte[], byte, byte, byte, byte)
+     * @see #tryEncoding (byte[], byte, byte)
+     * @see #setupDecoding
+     */
+    private void detectEncoding ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	byte signature[] = new byte [4];
+
+	// Read the first four bytes for
+	// autodetection.
+	is.mark (4);
+	is.read (signature);
+	is.reset ();
+
+	//
+	// FIRST:  four byte encodings (who uses these?)
+	//
+	if (tryEncoding (signature, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+			  (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x3c)) {
+	    // UCS-4 must begin with "<?xml"
+	    // 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x3c: UCS-4, big-endian (1234)
+	    // "UTF-32BE"
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UCS_4_1234;
+
+	} else if (tryEncoding (signature, (byte) 0x3c, (byte) 0x00,
+				 (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00)) {
+	    // 0x3c 0x00 0x00 0x00: UCS-4, little-endian (4321)
+	    // "UTF-32LE"
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UCS_4_4321;
+
+	} else if (tryEncoding (signature, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+				 (byte) 0x3c, (byte) 0x00)) {
+	    // 0x00 0x00 0x3c 0x00: UCS-4, unusual (2143)
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UCS_4_2143;
+
+	} else if (tryEncoding (signature, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x3c,
+				 (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00)) {
+	    // 0x00 0x3c 0x00 0x00: UCS-4, unusual (3421)
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UCS_4_3412;
+
+	    // 00 00 fe ff UCS_4_1234 (with BOM)
+	    // ff fe 00 00 UCS_4_4321 (with BOM)
+	}
+
+	//
+	// SECOND:  two byte encodings
+	// note ... with 1/14/2000 errata the XML spec identifies some
+	// more "broken UTF-16" autodetection cases, with no XML decl,
+	// which we don't handle here (that's legal too).
+	//
+	else if (tryEncoding (signature, (byte) 0xfe, (byte) 0xff)) {
+	    // UCS-2 with a byte-order marker. (UTF-16)
+	    // 0xfe 0xff: UCS-2, big-endian (12)
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UCS_2_12;
+	    is.read (); is.read ();
+
+	} else if (tryEncoding (signature, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xfe)) {
+	    // UCS-2 with a byte-order marker. (UTF-16)
+	    // 0xff 0xfe: UCS-2, little-endian (21)
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UCS_2_21;
+	    is.read (); is.read ();
+
+	} else if (tryEncoding (signature, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x3c,
+				 (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x3f)) {
+	    // UTF-16BE (otherwise, malformed UTF-16)
+	    // 0x00 0x3c 0x00 0x3f: UCS-2, big-endian, no byte-order mark
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UCS_2_12;
+	    error ("no byte-order mark for UCS-2 entity");
+
+	} else if (tryEncoding (signature, (byte) 0x3c, (byte) 0x00,
+				 (byte) 0x3f, (byte) 0x00)) {
+	    // UTF-16LE (otherwise, malformed UTF-16)
+	    // 0x3c 0x00 0x3f 0x00: UCS-2, little-endian, no byte-order mark
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UCS_2_21;
+	    error ("no byte-order mark for UCS-2 entity");
+	}
+
+	//
+	// THIRD:  ASCII-derived encodings, fixed and variable lengths
+	//
+	else if (tryEncoding (signature, (byte) 0x3c, (byte) 0x3f,
+			       (byte) 0x78, (byte) 0x6d)) {
+	    // ASCII derived
+	    // 0x3c 0x3f 0x78 0x6d: UTF-8 or other 8-bit markup (read ENCODING)
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UTF_8;
+	    prefetchASCIIEncodingDecl ();
+
+	} else if (signature [0] == (byte) 0xef
+		&& signature [1] == (byte) 0xbb
+		&& signature [2] == (byte) 0xbf) {
+	    // 0xef 0xbb 0xbf: UTF-8 BOM (not part of document text)
+	    // this un-needed notion slipped into XML 2nd ed through a
+	    // "non-normative" erratum; now required by MSFT and UDDI,
+	    // and E22 made it normative.
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UTF_8;
+	    is.read (); is.read (); is.read ();
+
+	} else {
+	    // 4c 6f a7 94 ... we don't understand EBCDIC flavors
+	    // ... but we COULD at least kick in some fixed code page
+
+	    // (default) UTF-8 without encoding/XML declaration
+	    encoding = ENCODING_UTF_8;
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Check for a four-byte signature.
+     * <p>Utility routine for detectEncoding ().
+     * <p>Always looks for some part of "<?XML" in a specific encoding.
+     * @param sig The first four bytes read.
+     * @param b1 The first byte of the signature
+     * @param b2 The second byte of the signature
+     * @param b3 The third byte of the signature
+     * @param b4 The fourth byte of the signature
+     * @see #detectEncoding
+     */
+    private static boolean tryEncoding (
+	byte sig[], byte b1, byte b2, byte b3, byte b4)
+    {
+	return (sig [0] == b1 && sig [1] == b2
+		&& sig [2] == b3 && sig [3] == b4);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Check for a two-byte signature.
+     * <p>Looks for a UCS-2 byte-order mark.
+     * <p>Utility routine for detectEncoding ().
+     * @param sig The first four bytes read.
+     * @param b1 The first byte of the signature
+     * @param b2 The second byte of the signature
+     * @see #detectEncoding
+     */
+    private static boolean tryEncoding (byte sig[], byte b1, byte b2)
+    {
+	return ((sig [0] == b1) && (sig [1] == b2));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method pushes a string back onto input.
+     * <p>It is useful either as the expansion of an internal entity, 
+     * or for backtracking during the parse.
+     * <p>Call pushCharArray () to do the actual work.
+     * @param s The string to push back onto input.
+     * @see #pushCharArray
+     */
+    private void pushString (String ename, String s)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	char ch[] = s.toCharArray ();
+	pushCharArray (ename, ch, 0, ch.length);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Push a new internal input source.
+     * <p>This method is useful for expanding an internal entity,
+     * or for unreading a string of characters.  It creates a new
+     * readBuffer containing the characters in the array, instead
+     * of characters converted from an input byte stream.
+     * @param ch The char array to push.
+     * @see #pushString
+     * @see #pushURL
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     * @see #sourceType
+     * @see #pushInput
+     */
+    private void pushCharArray (String ename, char ch[], int start, int length)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	// Push the existing status
+	pushInput (ename);
+	if (ename != null && doReport) {
+	    dataBufferFlush ();
+	    handler.startInternalEntity (ename);
+	}
+	sourceType = INPUT_INTERNAL;
+	readBuffer = ch;
+	readBufferPos = start;
+	readBufferLength = length;
+	readBufferOverflow = -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Save the current input source onto the stack.
+     * <p>This method saves all of the global variables associated with
+     * the current input source, so that they can be restored when a new
+     * input source has finished.  It also tests for entity recursion.
+     * <p>The method saves the following global variables onto a stack
+     * using a fixed-length array:
+     * <ol>
+     * <li>sourceType
+     * <li>externalEntity
+     * <li>readBuffer
+     * <li>readBufferPos
+     * <li>readBufferLength
+     * <li>line
+     * <li>encoding
+     * </ol>
+     * @param ename The name of the entity (if any) causing the new input.
+     * @see #popInput
+     * @see #sourceType
+     * @see #externalEntity
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     * @see #readBufferPos
+     * @see #readBufferLength
+     * @see #line
+     * @see #encoding
+     */
+    private void pushInput (String ename)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	// Check for entity recursion.
+	if (ename != null) {
+	    Enumeration entities = entityStack.elements ();
+	    while (entities.hasMoreElements ()) {
+		String e = (String) entities.nextElement ();
+		if (e != null && e == ename) {
+		    error ("recursive reference to entity", ename, null);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	entityStack.push (ename);
+
+	// Don't bother if there is no current input.
+	if (sourceType == INPUT_NONE) {
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	// Set up a snapshot of the current
+	// input source.
+	Object input[] = new Object [12];
+
+	input [0] = new Integer (sourceType);
+	input [1] = externalEntity;
+	input [2] = readBuffer;
+	input [3] = new Integer (readBufferPos);
+	input [4] = new Integer (readBufferLength);
+	input [5] = new Integer (line);
+	input [6] = new Integer (encoding);
+	input [7] = new Integer (readBufferOverflow);
+	input [8] = is;
+	input [9] = new Integer (currentByteCount);
+	input [10] = new Integer (column);
+	input [11] = reader;
+
+	// Push it onto the stack.
+	inputStack.push (input);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Restore a previous input source.
+     * <p>This method restores all of the global variables associated with
+     * the current input source.
+     * @exception java.io.EOFException
+     *    If there are no more entries on the input stack.
+     * @see #pushInput
+     * @see #sourceType
+     * @see #externalEntity
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     * @see #readBufferPos
+     * @see #readBufferLength
+     * @see #line
+     * @see #encoding
+     */
+    private void popInput ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	String ename = (String) entityStack.pop ();
+
+	if (ename != null && doReport)
+	    dataBufferFlush ();
+	switch (sourceType) {
+	case INPUT_STREAM:
+	    handler.endExternalEntity (ename);
+	    is.close ();
+	    break;
+	case INPUT_READER:
+	    handler.endExternalEntity (ename);
+	    reader.close ();
+	    break;
+	case INPUT_INTERNAL:
+	    if (ename != null && doReport)
+		handler.endInternalEntity (ename);
+	    break;
+	}
+
+	// Throw an EOFException if there
+	// is nothing else to pop.
+	if (inputStack.isEmpty ()) {
+	    throw new EOFException ("no more input");
+	}
+
+	Object input [] = (Object[]) inputStack.pop ();
+
+	sourceType = ((Integer) input [0]).intValue ();
+	externalEntity = (URLConnection) input [1];
+	readBuffer = (char[]) input [2];
+	readBufferPos = ((Integer) input [3]).intValue ();
+	readBufferLength = ((Integer) input [4]).intValue ();
+	line = ((Integer) input [5]).intValue ();
+	encoding = ((Integer) input [6]).intValue ();
+	readBufferOverflow = ((Integer) input [7]).intValue ();
+	is = (InputStream) input [8];
+	currentByteCount = ((Integer) input [9]).intValue ();
+	column = ((Integer) input [10]).intValue ();
+	reader = (Reader) input [11];
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if we can read the expected character.
+     * <p>Note that the character will be removed from the input stream
+     * on success, but will be put back on failure.  Do not attempt to
+     * read the character again if the method succeeds.
+     * @param delim The character that should appear next.  For a
+     *	      insensitive match, you must supply this in upper-case.
+     * @return true if the character was successfully read, or false if
+     *	 it was not.
+     * @see #tryRead (String)
+     */
+    private boolean tryRead (char delim)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	char c;
+
+	// Read the character
+	c = readCh ();
+
+	// Test for a match, and push the character
+	// back if the match fails.
+	if (c == delim) {
+	    return true;
+	} else {
+	    unread (c);
+	    return false;
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if we can read the expected string.
+     * <p>This is simply a convenience method.
+     * <p>Note that the string will be removed from the input stream
+     * on success, but will be put back on failure.  Do not attempt to
+     * read the string again if the method succeeds.
+     * <p>This method will push back a character rather than an
+     * array whenever possible (probably the majority of cases).
+     * @param delim The string that should appear next.
+     * @return true if the string was successfully read, or false if
+     *	 it was not.
+     * @see #tryRead (char)
+     */
+    private boolean tryRead (String delim)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	return tryRead (delim.toCharArray ());
+    }
+
+    private boolean tryRead (char ch [])
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	char c;
+
+	// Compare the input, character-
+	// by character.
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ch.length; i++) {
+	    c = readCh ();
+	    if (c != ch [i]) {
+		unread (c);
+		if (i != 0) {
+		    unread (ch, i);
+		}
+		return false;
+	    }
+	}
+	return true;
+    }
+
+
+
+    /**
+     * Return true if we can read some whitespace.
+     * <p>This is simply a convenience method.
+     * <p>This method will push back a character rather than an
+     * array whenever possible (probably the majority of cases).
+     * @return true if whitespace was found.
+     */
+    private boolean tryWhitespace ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	char c;
+	c = readCh ();
+	if (isWhitespace (c)) {
+	    skipWhitespace ();
+	    return true;
+	} else {
+	    unread (c);
+	    return false;
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Read all data until we find the specified string.
+     * This is useful for scanning CDATA sections and PIs.
+     * <p>This is inefficient right now, since it calls tryRead ()
+     * for every character.
+     * @param delim The string delimiter
+     * @see #tryRead (String, boolean)
+     * @see #readCh
+     */
+    private void parseUntil (String delim)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	parseUntil (delim.toCharArray ());
+    }
+
+    private void parseUntil (char delim [])
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	char c;
+	int startLine = line;
+
+	try {
+	    while (!tryRead (delim)) {
+		c = readCh ();
+		dataBufferAppend (c);
+	    }
+	} catch (EOFException e) {
+	    error ("end of input while looking for delimiter "
+		+ "(started on line " + startLine
+		+ ')', null, new String (delim));
+	}
+    }
+
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Low-level I/O.
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+    /**
+     * Prefetch US-ASCII XML/text decl from input stream into read buffer.
+     * Doesn't buffer more than absolutely needed, so that when an encoding
+     * decl says we need to create an InputStreamReader, we can discard our
+     * buffer and reset().  Caller knows the first chars of the decl exist
+     * in the input stream.
+     */
+    private void prefetchASCIIEncodingDecl ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	int ch;
+	readBufferPos = readBufferLength = 0;
+
+	is.mark (readBuffer.length);
+	while (true) {
+	    ch = is.read ();
+	    readBuffer [readBufferLength++] = (char) ch;
+	    switch (ch) {
+	      case (int) '>':
+		return;
+	      case -1:
+		error ("file ends before end of XML or encoding declaration.",
+		       null, "?>");
+	    }
+	    if (readBuffer.length == readBufferLength)
+		error ("unfinished XML or encoding declaration");
+	}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read a chunk of data from an external input source.
+     * <p>This is simply a front-end that fills the rawReadBuffer
+     * with bytes, then calls the appropriate encoding handler.
+     * @see #encoding
+     * @see #rawReadBuffer
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     * @see #filterCR
+     * @see #copyUtf8ReadBuffer
+     * @see #copyIso8859_1ReadBuffer
+     * @see #copyUcs_2ReadBuffer
+     * @see #copyUcs_4ReadBuffer
+     */
+    private void readDataChunk ()
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	int count;
+
+	// See if we have any overflow (filterCR sets for CR at end)
+	if (readBufferOverflow > -1) {
+	    readBuffer [0] = (char) readBufferOverflow;
+	    readBufferOverflow = -1;
+	    readBufferPos = 1;
+	    sawCR = true;
+	} else {
+	    readBufferPos = 0;
+	    sawCR = false;
+	}
+
+	// input from a character stream.
+	if (sourceType == INPUT_READER) {
+	    count = reader.read (readBuffer,
+			    readBufferPos, READ_BUFFER_MAX - readBufferPos);
+	    if (count < 0)
+		readBufferLength = readBufferPos;
+	    else
+		readBufferLength = readBufferPos + count;
+	    if (readBufferLength > 0)
+		filterCR (count >= 0);
+	    sawCR = false;
+	    return;
+	}
+
+	// Read as many bytes as possible into the raw buffer.
+	count = is.read (rawReadBuffer, 0, READ_BUFFER_MAX);
+
+	// Dispatch to an encoding-specific reader method to populate
+	// the readBuffer.  In most parser speed profiles, these routines
+	// show up at the top of the CPU usage chart.
+	if (count > 0) {
+	    switch (encoding) {
+	      // one byte builtins
+	      case ENCODING_ASCII:
+		copyIso8859_1ReadBuffer (count, (char) 0x0080);
+		break;
+	      case ENCODING_UTF_8:
+		copyUtf8ReadBuffer (count);
+		break;
+	      case ENCODING_ISO_8859_1:
+		copyIso8859_1ReadBuffer (count, (char) 0);
+		break;
+
+	      // two byte builtins
+	      case ENCODING_UCS_2_12:
+		copyUcs2ReadBuffer (count, 8, 0);
+		break;
+	      case ENCODING_UCS_2_21:
+		copyUcs2ReadBuffer (count, 0, 8);
+		break;
+
+	      // four byte builtins
+	      case ENCODING_UCS_4_1234:
+		copyUcs4ReadBuffer (count, 24, 16, 8, 0);
+		break;
+	      case ENCODING_UCS_4_4321:
+		copyUcs4ReadBuffer (count, 0, 8, 16, 24);
+		break;
+	      case ENCODING_UCS_4_2143:
+		copyUcs4ReadBuffer (count, 16, 24, 0, 8);
+		break;
+	      case ENCODING_UCS_4_3412:
+		copyUcs4ReadBuffer (count, 8, 0, 24, 16);
+		break;
+	    }
+	} else
+	    readBufferLength = readBufferPos;
+
+	readBufferPos = 0;
+
+	// Filter out all carriage returns if we've seen any
+	// (including any saved from a previous read)
+	if (sawCR) {
+	    filterCR (count >= 0);
+	    sawCR = false;
+
+	    // must actively report EOF, lest some CRs get lost.
+	    if (readBufferLength == 0 && count >= 0)
+		readDataChunk ();
+	}
+
+	if (count > 0)
+	    currentByteCount += count;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Filter carriage returns in the read buffer.
+     * CRLF becomes LF; CR becomes LF.
+     * @param moreData true iff more data might come from the same source
+     * @see #readDataChunk
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     * @see #readBufferOverflow
+     */
+    private void filterCR (boolean moreData)
+    {
+	int i, j;
+
+	readBufferOverflow = -1;
+
+loop:
+	for (i = j = readBufferPos; j < readBufferLength; i++, j++) {
+	    switch (readBuffer [j]) {
+	    case '\r':
+		if (j == readBufferLength - 1) {
+		    if (moreData) {
+			readBufferOverflow = '\r';
+			readBufferLength--;
+		    } else 	// CR at end of buffer
+			readBuffer [i++] = '\n';
+		    break loop;
+		} else if (readBuffer [j + 1] == '\n') {
+		    j++;
+		}
+		readBuffer [i] = '\n';
+		break;
+
+	    case '\n':
+	    default:
+		readBuffer [i] = readBuffer [j];
+		break;
+	    }
+	}
+	readBufferLength = i;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a buffer of UTF-8-encoded bytes into UTF-16 characters.
+     * <p>When readDataChunk () calls this method, the raw bytes are in 
+     * rawReadBuffer, and the final characters will appear in 
+     * readBuffer.
+     * <p>Note that as of Unicode 3.1, good practice became a requirement,
+     * so that each Unicode character has exactly one UTF-8 representation.
+     * @param count The number of bytes to convert.
+     * @see #readDataChunk
+     * @see #rawReadBuffer
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     * @see #getNextUtf8Byte
+     */
+    private void copyUtf8ReadBuffer (int count)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	int	i = 0;
+	int	j = readBufferPos;
+	int	b1;
+	char	c = 0;
+
+	/*
+	// check once, so the runtime won't (if it's smart enough)
+	if (count < 0 || count > rawReadBuffer.length)
+	    throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException (Integer.toString (count));
+	*/
+
+	while (i < count) {
+	    b1 = rawReadBuffer [i++];
+
+	    // Determine whether we are dealing
+	    // with a one-, two-, three-, or four-
+	    // byte sequence.
+	    if (b1 < 0) {
+		if ((b1 & 0xe0) == 0xc0) {
+		    // 2-byte sequence: 00000yyyyyxxxxxx = 110yyyyy 10xxxxxx
+		    c = (char) (((b1 & 0x1f) << 6)
+				| getNextUtf8Byte (i++, count));
+		    if (c < 0x0080)
+			encodingError ("Illegal two byte UTF-8 sequence",
+				c, 0);
+		} else if ((b1 & 0xf0) == 0xe0) {
+		    // 3-byte sequence:
+		    // zzzzyyyyyyxxxxxx = 1110zzzz 10yyyyyy 10xxxxxx
+		    // most CJKV characters
+		    c = (char) (((b1 & 0x0f) << 12) |
+				   (getNextUtf8Byte (i++, count) << 6) |
+				   getNextUtf8Byte (i++, count));
+		    if (c < 0x0800 || (c >= 0xd800 && c <= 0xdfff))
+			encodingError ("Illegal three byte UTF-8 sequence",
+				c, 0);
+		} else if ((b1 & 0xf8) == 0xf0) {
+		    // 4-byte sequence: 11101110wwwwzzzzyy + 110111yyyyxxxxxx
+		    //     = 11110uuu 10uuzzzz 10yyyyyy 10xxxxxx
+		    // (uuuuu = wwww + 1)
+		    // "Surrogate Pairs" ... from the "Astral Planes"
+		    // Unicode 3.1 assigned the first characters there
+		    int iso646 = b1 & 07;
+		    iso646 = (iso646 << 6) + getNextUtf8Byte (i++, count);
+		    iso646 = (iso646 << 6) + getNextUtf8Byte (i++, count);
+		    iso646 = (iso646 << 6) + getNextUtf8Byte (i++, count);
+
+		    if (iso646 <= 0xffff) {
+			encodingError ("Illegal four byte UTF-8 sequence",
+				iso646, 0);
+		    } else {
+			if (iso646 > 0x0010ffff)
+			    encodingError (
+				"UTF-8 value out of range for Unicode",
+				iso646, 0);
+			iso646 -= 0x010000;
+			readBuffer [j++] = (char) (0xd800 | (iso646 >> 10));
+			readBuffer [j++] = (char) (0xdc00 | (iso646 & 0x03ff));
+			continue;
+		    }
+		} else {
+		    // The five and six byte encodings aren't supported;
+		    // they exceed the Unicode (and XML) range.
+		    encodingError (
+			    "unsupported five or six byte UTF-8 sequence",
+			    0xff & b1, i);
+		    // NOTREACHED
+		    c = 0;
+		}
+	    } else {
+		// 1-byte sequence: 000000000xxxxxxx = 0xxxxxxx
+		// (US-ASCII character, "common" case, one branch to here)
+		c = (char) b1;
+	    }
+	    readBuffer [j++] = c;
+	    if (c == '\r')
+		sawCR = true;
+	}
+	// How many characters have we read?
+	readBufferLength = j;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Return the next byte value in a UTF-8 sequence.
+     * If it is not possible to get a byte from the current
+     * entity, throw an exception.
+     * @param pos The current position in the rawReadBuffer.
+     * @param count The number of bytes in the rawReadBuffer
+     * @return The significant six bits of a non-initial byte in
+     *	 a UTF-8 sequence.
+     * @exception EOFException If the sequence is incomplete.
+     */
+    private int getNextUtf8Byte (int pos, int count)
+    throws SAXException, IOException
+    {
+	int val;
+
+	// Take a character from the buffer
+	// or from the actual input stream.
+	if (pos < count) {
+	    val = rawReadBuffer [pos];
+	} else {
+	    val = is.read ();
+	    if (val == -1) {
+		encodingError ("unfinished multi-byte UTF-8 sequence at EOF",
+			-1, pos);
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// Check for the correct bits at the start.
+	if ((val & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+	    encodingError ("bad continuation of multi-byte UTF-8 sequence",
+		    val, pos + 1);
+	}
+
+	// Return the significant bits.
+	return (val & 0x3f);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a buffer of US-ASCII or ISO-8859-1-encoded bytes into
+     * UTF-16 characters.
+     *
+     * <p>When readDataChunk () calls this method, the raw bytes are in 
+     * rawReadBuffer, and the final characters will appear in 
+     * readBuffer.
+     *
+     * @param count The number of bytes to convert.
+     * @param mask For ASCII conversion, 0x7f; else, 0xff.
+     * @see #readDataChunk
+     * @see #rawReadBuffer
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     */
+    private void copyIso8859_1ReadBuffer (int count, char mask)
+    throws IOException
+    {
+	int i, j;
+	for (i = 0, j = readBufferPos; i < count; i++, j++) {
+	    char c = (char) (rawReadBuffer [i] & 0xff);
+	    if ((c & mask) != 0)
+		throw new CharConversionException ("non-ASCII character U+"
+						    + Integer.toHexString (c));
+	    readBuffer [j] = c;
+	    if (c == '\r') {
+		sawCR = true;
+	    }
+	}
+	readBufferLength = j;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a buffer of UCS-2-encoded bytes into UTF-16 characters
+     * (as used in Java string manipulation).
+     *
+     * <p>When readDataChunk () calls this method, the raw bytes are in 
+     * rawReadBuffer, and the final characters will appear in 
+     * readBuffer.
+     * @param count The number of bytes to convert.
+     * @param shift1 The number of bits to shift byte 1.
+     * @param shift2 The number of bits to shift byte 2
+     * @see #readDataChunk
+     * @see #rawReadBuffer
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     */
+    private void copyUcs2ReadBuffer (int count, int shift1, int shift2)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	int j = readBufferPos;
+
+	if (count > 0 && (count % 2) != 0) {
+	    encodingError ("odd number of bytes in UCS-2 encoding", -1, count);
+	}
+	// The loops are faster with less internal brancing; hence two
+	if (shift1 == 0) {	// "UTF-16-LE"
+	    for (int i = 0; i < count; i += 2) {
+		char c = (char) (rawReadBuffer [i + 1] << 8);
+		c |= 0xff & rawReadBuffer [i];
+		readBuffer [j++] = c;
+		if (c == '\r')
+		    sawCR = true;
+	    }
+	} else {	// "UTF-16-BE"
+	    for (int i = 0; i < count; i += 2) {
+		char c = (char) (rawReadBuffer [i] << 8);
+		c |= 0xff & rawReadBuffer [i + 1];
+		readBuffer [j++] = c;
+		if (c == '\r')
+		    sawCR = true;
+	    }
+	}
+	readBufferLength = j;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a buffer of UCS-4-encoded bytes into UTF-16 characters.
+     *
+     * <p>When readDataChunk () calls this method, the raw bytes are in 
+     * rawReadBuffer, and the final characters will appear in 
+     * readBuffer.
+     * <p>Java has Unicode chars, and this routine uses surrogate pairs
+     * for ISO-10646 values between 0x00010000 and 0x000fffff.  An
+     * exception is thrown if the ISO-10646 character has no Unicode
+     * representation.
+     *
+     * @param count The number of bytes to convert.
+     * @param shift1 The number of bits to shift byte 1.
+     * @param shift2 The number of bits to shift byte 2
+     * @param shift3 The number of bits to shift byte 2
+     * @param shift4 The number of bits to shift byte 2
+     * @see #readDataChunk
+     * @see #rawReadBuffer
+     * @see #readBuffer
+     */
+    private void copyUcs4ReadBuffer (int count, int shift1, int shift2,
+			      int shift3, int shift4)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	int j = readBufferPos;
+
+	if (count > 0 && (count % 4) != 0) {
+	    encodingError (
+		    "number of bytes in UCS-4 encoding not divisible by 4",
+		    -1, count);
+	}
+	for (int i = 0; i < count; i += 4) {
+	    int value = (((rawReadBuffer [i] & 0xff) << shift1) |
+		      ((rawReadBuffer [i + 1] & 0xff) << shift2) |
+		      ((rawReadBuffer [i + 2] & 0xff) << shift3) |
+		      ((rawReadBuffer [i + 3] & 0xff) << shift4));
+	    if (value < 0x0000ffff) {
+		readBuffer [j++] = (char) value;
+		if (value == (int) '\r') {
+		    sawCR = true;
+		}
+	    } else if (value < 0x0010ffff) {
+		value -= 0x010000;
+		readBuffer [j++] = (char) (0xd8 | ((value >> 10) & 0x03ff));
+		readBuffer [j++] = (char) (0xdc | (value & 0x03ff));
+	    } else {
+		encodingError ("UCS-4 value out of range for Unicode",
+			       value, i);
+	    }
+	}
+	readBufferLength = j;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Report a character encoding error.
+     */
+    private void encodingError (String message, int value, int offset)
+    throws SAXException
+    {
+	if (value != -1)
+	    message = message + " (character code: 0x" +
+		      Integer.toHexString (value) + ')';
+	error (message);
+    }
+
+
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Local Variables.
+    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    /**
+     * Re-initialize the variables for each parse.
+     */
+    private void initializeVariables ()
+    {
+	// First line
+	line = 1;
+	column = 0;
+
+	// Set up the buffers for data and names
+	dataBufferPos = 0;
+	dataBuffer = new char [DATA_BUFFER_INITIAL];
+	nameBufferPos = 0;
+	nameBuffer = new char [NAME_BUFFER_INITIAL];
+
+	// Set up the DTD hash tables
+	elementInfo = new Hashtable ();
+	entityInfo = new Hashtable ();
+	notationInfo = new Hashtable ();
+	skippedPE = false;
+
+	// Set up the variables for the current
+	// element context.
+	currentElement = null;
+	currentElementContent = CONTENT_UNDECLARED;
+
+	// Set up the input variables
+	sourceType = INPUT_NONE;
+	inputStack = new Stack ();
+	entityStack = new Stack ();
+	externalEntity = null;
+	tagAttributePos = 0;
+	tagAttributes = new String [100];
+	rawReadBuffer = new byte [READ_BUFFER_MAX];
+	readBufferOverflow = -1;
+
+	scratch = new InputSource ();
+
+	inLiteral = false;
+	expandPE = false;
+	peIsError = false;
+
+	doReport = false;
+
+	inCDATA = false;
+
+	symbolTable = new Object [SYMBOL_TABLE_LENGTH][];
+    }
+
+
+    //
+    // The current XML handler interface.
+    //
+    private SAXDriver	handler;
+
+    //
+    // I/O information.
+    //
+    private Reader	reader; 	// current reader
+    private InputStream	is; 		// current input stream
+    private int		line; 		// current line number
+    private int		column; 	// current column number
+    private int		sourceType; 	// type of input source
+    private Stack	inputStack; 	// stack of input soruces
+    private URLConnection externalEntity; // current external entity
+    private int		encoding; 	// current character encoding
+    private int		currentByteCount; // bytes read from current source
+    private InputSource	scratch;	// temporary
+
+    //
+    // Buffers for decoded but unparsed character input.
+    //
+    private char	readBuffer [];
+    private int		readBufferPos;
+    private int		readBufferLength;
+    private int		readBufferOverflow;  // overflow from last data chunk.
+
+
+    //
+    // Buffer for undecoded raw byte input.
+    //
+    private final static int READ_BUFFER_MAX = 16384;
+    private byte	rawReadBuffer [];
+
+
+    //
+    // Buffer for attribute values, char refs, DTD stuff.
+    //
+    private static int DATA_BUFFER_INITIAL = 4096;
+    private char	dataBuffer [];
+    private int		dataBufferPos;
+
+    //
+    // Buffer for parsed names.
+    //
+    private static int NAME_BUFFER_INITIAL = 1024;
+    private char	nameBuffer [];
+    private int		nameBufferPos;
+
+    //
+    // Save any standalone flag
+    //
+    private boolean	docIsStandalone;
+
+    //
+    // Hashtables for DTD information on elements, entities, and notations.
+    // Populated until we start ignoring decls (because of skipping a PE)
+    //
+    private Hashtable	elementInfo;
+    private Hashtable	entityInfo;
+    private Hashtable	notationInfo;
+    private boolean	skippedPE;
+
+
+    //
+    // Element type currently in force.
+    //
+    private String	currentElement;
+    private int		currentElementContent;
+
+    //
+    // Stack of entity names, to detect recursion.
+    //
+    private Stack	entityStack;
+
+    //
+    // PE expansion is enabled in most chunks of the DTD, not all.
+    // When it's enabled, literals are treated differently.
+    //
+    private boolean	inLiteral;
+    private boolean	expandPE;
+    private boolean	peIsError;
+
+    //
+    // can't report entity expansion inside two constructs:
+    // - attribute expansions (internal entities only)
+    // - markup declarations (parameter entities only)
+    //
+    private boolean	doReport;
+
+    //
+    // Symbol table, for caching interned names.
+    //
+    // These show up wherever XML names or nmtokens are used:  naming elements,
+    // attributes, PIs, notations, entities, and enumerated attribute values.
+    //
+    // NOTE:  This hashtable doesn't grow.  The default size is intended to be
+    // rather large for most documents.  Example:  one snapshot of the DocBook
+    // XML 4.1 DTD used only about 350 such names.  As a rule, only pathological
+    // documents (ones that don't reuse names) should ever see much collision.
+    //
+    // Be sure that SYMBOL_TABLE_LENGTH always stays prime, for best hashing.
+    // "2039" keeps the hash table size at about two memory pages on typical
+    // 32 bit hardware.
+    //
+    private final static int SYMBOL_TABLE_LENGTH = 2039;
+
+    private Object	symbolTable [][];
+
+    //
+    // Hash table of attributes found in current start tag.
+    //
+    private String	tagAttributes [];
+    private int		tagAttributePos;
+
+    //
+    // Utility flag: have we noticed a CR while reading the last
+    // data chunk?  If so, we will have to go back and normalise
+    // CR or CR/LF line ends.
+    //
+    private boolean	sawCR;
+
+    //
+    // Utility flag: are we in CDATA?  If so, whitespace isn't ignorable.
+    // 
+    private boolean	inCDATA;
+}