The set of compile flags used for a target's C and C++ sources is based
on the linker language.  By default this is always the C++ flags if any
C++ sources appear in the target, and otherwise the C flags.  Therefore
we can define the `COMPILE_LANGUAGE` generator expression in
`INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES` to match the selected language.

This is not exactly the same as for other generators, but is the best VS
and Xcode can do.  It is also sufficient for many use cases since the
set of include directories for C and C++ is frequently similar but may
be distinct from those for other languages like CUDA.

Fixes: #17435

Run the `Utilities/Scripts/clang-format.bash` script to update
all our C++ code to a new style defined by `.clang-format`.
Use `clang-format` version 3.8.

* If you reached this commit for a line in `git blame`, re-run the blame
  operation starting at the parent of this commit to see older history
  for the content.

* See the parent commit for instructions to rebase a change across this
  style transition commit.

Follow-ups will allow the use of the generator expression
for compile definitions and include directories for non-IDE
generators.