CTest: use std::chrono::steady_clock for time keeping

It was reported in issue #17345 that CTest does not use monotonic time
to report test duration. Monotonic clocks are not affected by large NTP
adjustments or things like daylight savings time.

As CMake 3.10 requires C++11, which introduced std::chrono, this commit
moves the time keeping in CTest from cmSystemTools::GetTime() to
std::chrono::steady_clock.

Fixes: #17345

15 files changed, 155 insertions, 96 deletions

diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler.cxx
index a0d68a066f..b603758305 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler.cxx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "cmake.h"
 
 #include "cmsys/Process.h"
+#include <chrono>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler::cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler()
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ int cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler::RunCMakeAndTest(std::string* outstring)
 
   // we need to honor the timeout specified, the timeout include cmake, build
   // and test time
-  double clock_start = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto clock_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
   // make sure the binary dir is there
   out << "Internal cmake changing into directory: " << this->BinaryDir
@@ -222,10 +223,12 @@ int cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler::RunCMakeAndTest(std::string* outstring)
     this->BuildTargets.push_back("");
   }
   for (std::string const& tar : this->BuildTargets) {
-    double remainingTime = 0;
+    std::chrono::duration<double> remainingTime = std::chrono::seconds(0);
     if (this->Timeout > 0) {
-      remainingTime = this->Timeout - cmSystemTools::GetTime() + clock_start;
-      if (remainingTime <= 0) {
+      remainingTime = std::chrono::duration<double>(this->Timeout) -
+        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+                        std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - clock_start);
+      if (remainingTime <= std::chrono::seconds(0)) {
         if (outstring) {
           *outstring = "--build-and-test timeout exceeded. ";
         }
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@ int cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler::RunCMakeAndTest(std::string* outstring)
     int retVal = cm.GetGlobalGenerator()->Build(
       this->SourceDir, this->BinaryDir, this->BuildProject, tar, output,
       this->BuildMakeProgram, config, !this->BuildNoClean, false, false,
-      remainingTime);
+      remainingTime.count());
     out << output;
     // if the build failed then return
     if (retVal) {
@@ -320,10 +323,12 @@ int cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler::RunCMakeAndTest(std::string* outstring)
   out << "\n";
 
   // how much time is remaining
-  double remainingTime = 0;
+  std::chrono::duration<double> remainingTime = std::chrono::seconds(0);
   if (this->Timeout > 0) {
-    remainingTime = this->Timeout - cmSystemTools::GetTime() + clock_start;
-    if (remainingTime <= 0) {
+    remainingTime = std::chrono::duration<double>(this->Timeout) -
+      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+                      std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - clock_start);
+    if (remainingTime <= std::chrono::seconds(0)) {
       if (outstring) {
         *outstring = "--build-and-test timeout exceeded. ";
       }
@@ -332,7 +337,7 @@ int cmCTestBuildAndTestHandler::RunCMakeAndTest(std::string* outstring)
   }
 
   int runTestRes = this->CTest->RunTest(testCommand, &outs, &retval, nullptr,
-                                        remainingTime, nullptr);
+                                        remainingTime.count(), nullptr);
 
   if (runTestRes != cmsysProcess_State_Exited || retval != 0) {
     out << "Test command failed: " << testCommand[0] << "\n";
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildHandler.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildHandler.cxx
index f4fc769299..4ad48318d5 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildHandler.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildHandler.cxx
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 static const char* cmCTestErrorMatches[] = {
   "^[Bb]us [Ee]rror",
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ int cmCTestBuildHandler::ProcessHandler()
 
   // Create a last build log
   cmGeneratedFileStream ofs;
-  double elapsed_time_start = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto elapsed_time_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   if (!this->StartLogFile("Build", ofs)) {
     cmCTestLog(this->CTest, ERROR_MESSAGE, "Cannot create build log file"
                  << std::endl);
@@ -421,7 +422,8 @@ int cmCTestBuildHandler::ProcessHandler()
   // Remember end build time and calculate elapsed time
   this->EndBuild = this->CTest->CurrentTime();
   this->EndBuildTime = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
-  double elapsed_build_time = cmSystemTools::GetTime() - elapsed_time_start;
+  auto elapsed_build_time =
+    std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - elapsed_time_start;
 
   // Cleanups strings in the errors and warnings list.
   if (!this->SimplifySourceDir.empty()) {
@@ -633,8 +635,8 @@ void cmCTestBuildHandler::GenerateXMLLogScraped(cmXMLWriter& xml)
   }
 }
 
-void cmCTestBuildHandler::GenerateXMLFooter(cmXMLWriter& xml,
-                                            double elapsed_build_time)
+void cmCTestBuildHandler::GenerateXMLFooter(
+  cmXMLWriter& xml, std::chrono::duration<double> elapsed_build_time)
 {
   xml.StartElement("Log");
   xml.Attribute("Encoding", "base64");
@@ -643,8 +645,10 @@ void cmCTestBuildHandler::GenerateXMLFooter(cmXMLWriter& xml,
 
   xml.Element("EndDateTime", this->EndBuild);
   xml.Element("EndBuildTime", static_cast<unsigned int>(this->EndBuildTime));
-  xml.Element("ElapsedMinutes",
-              static_cast<int>(elapsed_build_time / 6) / 10.0);
+  xml.Element(
+    "ElapsedMinutes",
+    std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(elapsed_build_time)
+      .count());
   xml.EndElement(); // Build
   this->CTest->EndXML(xml);
 }
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildHandler.h b/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildHandler.h
index 6e71ad6ae1..9a29d6d25b 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildHandler.h
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestBuildHandler.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 #include "cmProcessOutput.h"
 #include "cmsys/RegularExpression.hxx"
+#include <chrono>
 #include <deque>
 #include <iosfwd>
 #include <stddef.h>
@@ -86,7 +87,8 @@ private:
   void GenerateXMLHeader(cmXMLWriter& xml);
   void GenerateXMLLaunched(cmXMLWriter& xml);
   void GenerateXMLLogScraped(cmXMLWriter& xml);
-  void GenerateXMLFooter(cmXMLWriter& xml, double elapsed_build_time);
+  void GenerateXMLFooter(cmXMLWriter& xml,
+                         std::chrono::duration<double> elapsed_build_time);
   bool IsLaunchedErrorFile(const char* fname);
   bool IsLaunchedWarningFile(const char* fname);
 
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestConfigureHandler.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmCTestConfigureHandler.cxx
index 56a038e38a..e732f9f556 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestConfigureHandler.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestConfigureHandler.cxx
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
 #include "cmSystemTools.h"
 #include "cmXMLWriter.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <ostream>
 #include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 cmCTestConfigureHandler::cmCTestConfigureHandler()
 {
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ int cmCTestConfigureHandler::ProcessHandler()
     return -1;
   }
 
-  double elapsed_time_start = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto elapsed_time_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   std::string output;
   int retVal = 0;
   int res = 0;
@@ -84,10 +86,10 @@ int cmCTestConfigureHandler::ProcessHandler()
       xml.Element("EndDateTime", this->CTest->CurrentTime());
       xml.Element("EndConfigureTime",
                   static_cast<unsigned int>(cmSystemTools::GetTime()));
-      xml.Element(
-        "ElapsedMinutes",
-        static_cast<int>((cmSystemTools::GetTime() - elapsed_time_start) / 6) /
-          10.0);
+      xml.Element("ElapsedMinutes",
+                  std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(
+                    std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - elapsed_time_start)
+                    .count());
       xml.EndElement(); // Configure
       this->CTest->EndXML(xml);
     }
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestCoverageHandler.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmCTestCoverageHandler.cxx
index 56eeceb0b0..85f6ce9c26 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestCoverageHandler.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestCoverageHandler.cxx
@@ -21,11 +21,13 @@
 #include "cmsys/Process.h"
 #include "cmsys/RegularExpression.hxx"
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
 class cmMakefile;
@@ -290,13 +292,14 @@ int cmCTestCoverageHandler::ProcessHandler()
   this->LoadLabels();
 
   cmGeneratedFileStream ofs;
-  double elapsed_time_start = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto elapsed_time_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   if (!this->StartLogFile("Coverage", ofs)) {
     cmCTestLog(this->CTest, ERROR_MESSAGE,
                "Cannot create LastCoverage.log file" << std::endl);
   }
 
-  ofs << "Performing coverage: " << elapsed_time_start << std::endl;
+  ofs << "Performing coverage: "
+      << elapsed_time_start.time_since_epoch().count() << std::endl;
   this->CleanCoverageLogFiles(ofs);
 
   cmSystemTools::ConvertToUnixSlashes(sourceDir);
@@ -621,10 +624,10 @@ int cmCTestCoverageHandler::ProcessHandler()
   covSumXML.Element("EndDateTime", end_time);
   covSumXML.Element("EndTime",
                     static_cast<unsigned int>(cmSystemTools::GetTime()));
-  covSumXML.Element(
-    "ElapsedMinutes",
-    static_cast<int>((cmSystemTools::GetTime() - elapsed_time_start) / 6) /
-      10.0);
+  covSumXML.Element("ElapsedMinutes",
+                    std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(
+                      std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - elapsed_time_start)
+                      .count());
   covSumXML.EndElement(); // Coverage
   this->CTest->EndXML(covSumXML);
 
@@ -1963,7 +1966,7 @@ int cmCTestCoverageHandler::RunBullseyeSourceSummary(
     return 0;
   }
   this->CTest->StartXML(xml, this->AppendXML);
-  double elapsed_time_start = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto elapsed_time_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   std::string coverage_start_time = this->CTest->CurrentTime();
   xml.StartElement("Coverage");
   xml.Element("StartDateTime", coverage_start_time);
@@ -2090,10 +2093,10 @@ int cmCTestCoverageHandler::RunBullseyeSourceSummary(
   xml.Element("PercentCoverage", SAFEDIV(percent_coverage, number_files));
   xml.Element("EndDateTime", end_time);
   xml.Element("EndTime", static_cast<unsigned int>(cmSystemTools::GetTime()));
-  xml.Element(
-    "ElapsedMinutes",
-    static_cast<int>((cmSystemTools::GetTime() - elapsed_time_start) / 6) /
-      10.0);
+  xml.Element("ElapsedMinutes",
+              std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(
+                std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - elapsed_time_start)
+                .count());
   xml.EndElement(); // Coverage
   this->CTest->EndXML(xml);
 
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestMemCheckHandler.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmCTestMemCheckHandler.cxx
index 3efb039ea4..2e7874d809 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestMemCheckHandler.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestMemCheckHandler.cxx
@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@
 #include "cmsys/FStream.hxx"
 #include "cmsys/Glob.hxx"
 #include "cmsys/RegularExpression.hxx"
+#include <chrono>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 struct CatToErrorType
 {
@@ -408,8 +410,10 @@ void cmCTestMemCheckHandler::GenerateDartOutput(cmXMLWriter& xml)
 
   xml.Element("EndDateTime", this->EndTest);
   xml.Element("EndTestTime", this->EndTestTime);
-  xml.Element("ElapsedMinutes",
-              static_cast<int>(this->ElapsedTestingTime / 6) / 10.0);
+  xml.Element(
+    "ElapsedMinutes",
+    std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(this->ElapsedTestingTime)
+      .count());
 
   xml.EndElement(); // DynamicAnalysis
   this->CTest->EndXML(xml);
@@ -844,7 +848,7 @@ bool cmCTestMemCheckHandler::ProcessMemCheckValgrindOutput(
   cmsys::RegularExpression vgABR("== .*pthread_mutex_unlock: mutex is "
                                  "locked by a different thread");
   std::vector<std::string::size_type> nonValGrindOutput;
-  double sttime = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto sttime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   cmCTestOptionalLog(this->CTest, DEBUG,
                      "Start test: " << lines.size() << std::endl, this->Quiet);
   std::string::size_type totalOutputSize = 0;
@@ -918,7 +922,10 @@ bool cmCTestMemCheckHandler::ProcessMemCheckValgrindOutput(
     }
   }
   cmCTestOptionalLog(this->CTest, DEBUG, "End test (elapsed: "
-                       << (cmSystemTools::GetTime() - sttime) << std::endl,
+                       << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+                            std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - sttime)
+                            .count()
+                       << "s)" << std::endl,
                      this->Quiet);
   log = ostr.str();
   this->DefectCount += defects;
@@ -929,7 +936,7 @@ bool cmCTestMemCheckHandler::ProcessMemCheckBoundsCheckerOutput(
   const std::string& str, std::string& log, std::vector<int>& results)
 {
   log.clear();
-  double sttime = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto sttime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   std::vector<std::string> lines;
   cmSystemTools::Split(str.c_str(), lines);
   cmCTestOptionalLog(this->CTest, DEBUG,
@@ -961,7 +968,10 @@ bool cmCTestMemCheckHandler::ProcessMemCheckBoundsCheckerOutput(
     defects++;
   }
   cmCTestOptionalLog(this->CTest, DEBUG, "End test (elapsed: "
-                       << (cmSystemTools::GetTime() - sttime) << std::endl,
+                       << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+                            std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - sttime)
+                            .count()
+                       << "s)" << std::endl,
                      this->Quiet);
   if (defects) {
     // only put the output of Bounds Checker if there were
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestRunTest.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmCTestRunTest.cxx
index abdb6433fc..99531afbc1 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestRunTest.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestRunTest.cxx
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "cmsys/Base64.h"
 #include "cmsys/Process.h"
 #include "cmsys/RegularExpression.hxx"
+#include <chrono>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -46,11 +47,12 @@ cmCTestRunTest::~cmCTestRunTest()
 bool cmCTestRunTest::CheckOutput()
 {
   // Read lines for up to 0.1 seconds of total time.
-  double timeout = 0.1;
-  double timeEnd = cmSystemTools::GetTime() + timeout;
+  std::chrono::duration<double> timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
+  auto timeEnd = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + timeout;
   std::string line;
-  while ((timeout = timeEnd - cmSystemTools::GetTime(), timeout > 0)) {
-    int p = this->TestProcess->GetNextOutputLine(line, timeout);
+  while ((timeout = timeEnd - std::chrono::steady_clock::now(),
+          timeout > std::chrono::seconds(0))) {
+    int p = this->TestProcess->GetNextOutputLine(line, timeout.count());
     if (p == cmsysProcess_Pipe_None) {
       // Process has terminated and all output read.
       return false;
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestScriptHandler.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmCTestScriptHandler.cxx
index 198f6e576d..3bf27a0b16 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestScriptHandler.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestScriptHandler.cxx
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
 #include "cmsys/Directory.hxx"
 #include "cmsys/Process.h"
 #include <map>
+#include <ratio>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "cmCTest.h"
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ cmCTestScriptHandler::cmCTestScriptHandler()
   this->CMake = nullptr;
   this->GlobalGenerator = nullptr;
 
-  this->ScriptStartTime = 0;
+  this->ScriptStartTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point();
 
   // the *60 is because the settings are in minutes but GetTime is seconds
   this->MinimumInterval = 30 * 60;
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ void cmCTestScriptHandler::Initialize()
   this->ContinuousDuration = -1;
 
   // what time in seconds did this script start running
-  this->ScriptStartTime = 0;
+  this->ScriptStartTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point();
 
   delete this->Makefile;
   this->Makefile = nullptr;
@@ -158,11 +160,10 @@ void cmCTestScriptHandler::UpdateElapsedTime()
 {
   if (this->Makefile) {
     // set the current elapsed time
-    char timeString[20];
-    int itime = static_cast<unsigned int>(cmSystemTools::GetTime() -
-                                          this->ScriptStartTime);
-    sprintf(timeString, "%i", itime);
-    this->Makefile->AddDefinition("CTEST_ELAPSED_TIME", timeString);
+    auto itime = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+      std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - this->ScriptStartTime);
+    auto timeString = std::to_string(itime.count());
+    this->Makefile->AddDefinition("CTEST_ELAPSED_TIME", timeString.c_str());
   }
 }
 
@@ -507,7 +508,7 @@ int cmCTestScriptHandler::RunConfigurationScript(
 
   int result;
 
-  this->ScriptStartTime = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  this->ScriptStartTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
   // read in the script
   if (pscope) {
@@ -558,22 +559,27 @@ int cmCTestScriptHandler::RunCurrentScript()
   // for a continuous, do we ned to run it more than once?
   if (this->ContinuousDuration >= 0) {
     this->UpdateElapsedTime();
-    double ending_time = cmSystemTools::GetTime() + this->ContinuousDuration;
+    auto ending_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() +
+      std::chrono::duration<double>(this->ContinuousDuration);
     if (this->EmptyBinDirOnce) {
       this->EmptyBinDir = true;
     }
     do {
-      double interval = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+      auto startOfInterval = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
       result = this->RunConfigurationDashboard();
-      interval = cmSystemTools::GetTime() - interval;
-      if (interval < this->MinimumInterval) {
-        this->SleepInSeconds(
-          static_cast<unsigned int>(this->MinimumInterval - interval));
+      auto interval = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - startOfInterval;
+      auto minimumInterval =
+        std::chrono::duration<double>(this->MinimumInterval);
+      if (interval < minimumInterval) {
+        auto sleepTime = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+                           minimumInterval - interval)
+                           .count();
+        this->SleepInSeconds(static_cast<unsigned int>(sleepTime));
       }
       if (this->EmptyBinDirOnce) {
         this->EmptyBinDir = false;
       }
-    } while (cmSystemTools::GetTime() < ending_time);
+    } while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() < ending_time);
   }
   // otherwise just run it once
   else {
@@ -967,7 +973,9 @@ double cmCTestScriptHandler::GetRemainingTimeAllowed()
     return 1.0e7;
   }
 
-  double timelimit = atof(timelimitS);
+  auto timelimit = std::chrono::duration<double>(atof(timelimitS));
 
-  return timelimit - cmSystemTools::GetTime() + this->ScriptStartTime;
+  auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<double>>(
+    std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - this->ScriptStartTime);
+  return (timelimit - duration).count();
 }
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestScriptHandler.h b/Source/CTest/cmCTestScriptHandler.h
index b6cd97b736..2090d04bb3 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestScriptHandler.h
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestScriptHandler.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "cmCTestGenericHandler.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ public:
 
   void CreateCMake();
   cmake* GetCMake() { return this->CMake; }
+
 private:
   // reads in a script
   int ReadInScript(const std::string& total_script_arg);
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ private:
   double ContinuousDuration;
 
   // what time in seconds did this script start running
-  double ScriptStartTime;
+  std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point ScriptStartTime;
 
   cmMakefile* Makefile;
   cmGlobalGenerator* GlobalGenerator;
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestSubmitHandler.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmCTestSubmitHandler.cxx
index 719688c1a5..6534fd1141 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestSubmitHandler.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestSubmitHandler.cxx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "cm_jsoncpp_reader.h"
 #include "cm_jsoncpp_value.h"
 #include "cmsys/Process.h"
+#include <chrono>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -496,10 +497,11 @@ bool cmCTestSubmitHandler::SubmitUsingHTTP(const std::string& localprefix,
           ? ""
           : this->GetOption("RetryCount");
 
-        int delay = retryDelay.empty()
-          ? atoi(this->CTest->GetCTestConfiguration("CTestSubmitRetryDelay")
-                   .c_str())
-          : atoi(retryDelay.c_str());
+        auto delay = std::chrono::duration<double>(
+          retryDelay.empty()
+            ? atoi(this->CTest->GetCTestConfiguration("CTestSubmitRetryDelay")
+                     .c_str())
+            : atoi(retryDelay.c_str()));
         int count = retryCount.empty()
           ? atoi(this->CTest->GetCTestConfiguration("CTestSubmitRetryCount")
                    .c_str())
@@ -507,12 +509,12 @@ bool cmCTestSubmitHandler::SubmitUsingHTTP(const std::string& localprefix,
 
         for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
           cmCTestOptionalLog(this->CTest, HANDLER_OUTPUT,
-                             "   Submit failed, waiting " << delay
+                             "   Submit failed, waiting " << delay.count()
                                                           << " seconds...\n",
                              this->Quiet);
 
-          double stop = cmSystemTools::GetTime() + delay;
-          while (cmSystemTools::GetTime() < stop) {
+          auto stop = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + delay;
+          while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() < stop) {
             cmSystemTools::Delay(100);
           }
 
@@ -1031,11 +1033,15 @@ int cmCTestSubmitHandler::HandleCDashUploadFile(std::string const& file,
   std::string retryCountString = this->GetOption("RetryCount") == nullptr
     ? ""
     : this->GetOption("RetryCount");
-  unsigned long retryDelay = 0;
+  auto retryDelay = std::chrono::seconds(0);
   if (!retryDelayString.empty()) {
-    if (!cmSystemTools::StringToULong(retryDelayString.c_str(), &retryDelay)) {
+    unsigned long retryDelayValue = 0;
+    if (!cmSystemTools::StringToULong(retryDelayString.c_str(),
+                                      &retryDelayValue)) {
       cmCTestLog(this->CTest, WARNING, "Invalid value for 'RETRY_DELAY' : "
                    << retryDelayString << std::endl);
+    } else {
+      retryDelay = std::chrono::seconds(retryDelayValue);
     }
   }
   unsigned long retryCount = 0;
@@ -1087,12 +1093,12 @@ int cmCTestSubmitHandler::HandleCDashUploadFile(std::string const& file,
     // If request failed, wait and retry.
     for (unsigned long i = 0; i < retryCount; i++) {
       cmCTestOptionalLog(this->CTest, HANDLER_OUTPUT,
-                         "   Request failed, waiting " << retryDelay
+                         "   Request failed, waiting " << retryDelay.count()
                                                        << " seconds...\n",
                          this->Quiet);
 
-      double stop = cmSystemTools::GetTime() + static_cast<double>(retryDelay);
-      while (cmSystemTools::GetTime() < stop) {
+      auto stop = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + retryDelay;
+      while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() < stop) {
         cmSystemTools::Delay(100);
       }
 
@@ -1161,12 +1167,12 @@ int cmCTestSubmitHandler::HandleCDashUploadFile(std::string const& file,
     // If upload failed, wait and retry.
     for (unsigned long i = 0; i < retryCount; i++) {
       cmCTestOptionalLog(this->CTest, HANDLER_OUTPUT,
-                         "   Upload failed, waiting " << retryDelay
+                         "   Upload failed, waiting " << retryDelay.count()
                                                       << " seconds...\n",
                          this->Quiet);
 
-      double stop = cmSystemTools::GetTime() + static_cast<double>(retryDelay);
-      while (cmSystemTools::GetTime() < stop) {
+      auto stop = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + retryDelay;
+      while (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() < stop) {
         cmSystemTools::Delay(100);
       }
 
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestTestHandler.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmCTestTestHandler.cxx
index c7ed92725d..b814e35fe4 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestTestHandler.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestTestHandler.cxx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
    file Copyright.txt or https://cmake.org/licensing for details.  */
 #include "cmCTestTestHandler.h"
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cmsys/Base64.h>
 #include <cmsys/Directory.hxx>
 #include <cmsys/RegularExpression.hxx>
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <time.h>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 #include "cmAlgorithms.h"
 #include "cmCTest.h"
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ void cmCTestTestHandler::Initialize()
 {
   this->Superclass::Initialize();
 
-  this->ElapsedTestingTime = -1;
+  this->ElapsedTestingTime = std::chrono::duration<double>();
 
   this->TestResults.clear();
 
@@ -484,12 +486,11 @@ int cmCTestTestHandler::ProcessHandler()
   int total;
 
   // start the real time clock
-  double clock_start, clock_finish;
-  clock_start = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto clock_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
   this->ProcessDirectory(passed, failed);
 
-  clock_finish = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto clock_finish = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
   total = int(passed.size()) + int(failed.size());
 
@@ -540,7 +541,10 @@ int cmCTestTestHandler::ProcessHandler()
       this->PrintLabelOrSubprojectSummary(false);
     }
     char realBuf[1024];
-    sprintf(realBuf, "%6.2f sec", clock_finish - clock_start);
+    auto durationInMs = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+                          clock_finish - clock_start)
+                          .count();
+    sprintf(realBuf, "%6.2f sec", static_cast<double>(durationInMs) / 1000.0);
     cmCTestOptionalLog(this->CTest, HANDLER_OUTPUT,
                        "\nTotal Test time (real) = " << realBuf << "\n",
                        this->Quiet);
@@ -1201,7 +1205,7 @@ void cmCTestTestHandler::ProcessDirectory(std::vector<std::string>& passed,
   this->ComputeTestList();
   this->StartTest = this->CTest->CurrentTime();
   this->StartTestTime = static_cast<unsigned int>(cmSystemTools::GetTime());
-  double elapsed_time_start = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto elapsed_time_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
   cmCTestMultiProcessHandler* parallel = this->CTest->GetBatchJobs()
     ? new cmCTestBatchTestHandler
@@ -1268,7 +1272,8 @@ void cmCTestTestHandler::ProcessDirectory(std::vector<std::string>& passed,
   delete parallel;
   this->EndTest = this->CTest->CurrentTime();
   this->EndTestTime = static_cast<unsigned int>(cmSystemTools::GetTime());
-  this->ElapsedTestingTime = cmSystemTools::GetTime() - elapsed_time_start;
+  this->ElapsedTestingTime =
+    std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - elapsed_time_start;
   *this->LogFile << "End testing: " << this->CTest->CurrentTime() << std::endl;
 }
 
@@ -1373,8 +1378,10 @@ void cmCTestTestHandler::GenerateDartOutput(cmXMLWriter& xml)
 
   xml.Element("EndDateTime", this->EndTest);
   xml.Element("EndTestTime", this->EndTestTime);
-  xml.Element("ElapsedMinutes",
-              static_cast<int>(this->ElapsedTestingTime / 6) / 10.0);
+  xml.Element(
+    "ElapsedMinutes",
+    std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(this->ElapsedTestingTime)
+      .count());
   xml.EndElement(); // Testing
   this->CTest->EndXML(xml);
 }
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestTestHandler.h b/Source/CTest/cmCTestTestHandler.h
index 620e906e4e..af85e72cd1 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestTestHandler.h
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestTestHandler.h
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "cmCTestGenericHandler.h"
 
 #include "cmsys/RegularExpression.hxx"
+#include <chrono>
 #include <iosfwd>
 #include <map>
 #include <set>
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ protected:
   //! Clean test output to specified length
   bool CleanTestOutput(std::string& output, size_t length);
 
-  double ElapsedTestingTime;
+  std::chrono::duration<double> ElapsedTestingTime;
 
   typedef std::vector<cmCTestTestResult> TestResultsVector;
   TestResultsVector TestResults;
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmCTestUpdateHandler.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmCTestUpdateHandler.cxx
index 786ed5e471..2bd0253378 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmCTestUpdateHandler.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmCTestUpdateHandler.cxx
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@
 #include "cmVersion.h"
 #include "cmXMLWriter.h"
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <memory> // IWYU pragma: keep
 #include <sstream>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 static const char* cmCTestUpdateHandlerUpdateStrings[] = {
   "Unknown", "CVS", "SVN", "BZR", "GIT", "HG", "P4"
@@ -177,7 +179,7 @@ int cmCTestUpdateHandler::ProcessHandler()
   std::string start_time = this->CTest->CurrentTime();
   unsigned int start_time_time =
     static_cast<unsigned int>(cmSystemTools::GetTime());
-  double elapsed_time_start = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  auto elapsed_time_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
   bool updated = vc->Update();
   std::string buildname =
@@ -225,10 +227,10 @@ int cmCTestUpdateHandler::ProcessHandler()
   std::string end_time = this->CTest->CurrentTime();
   xml.Element("EndDateTime", end_time);
   xml.Element("EndTime", static_cast<unsigned int>(cmSystemTools::GetTime()));
-  xml.Element(
-    "ElapsedMinutes",
-    static_cast<int>((cmSystemTools::GetTime() - elapsed_time_start) / 6) /
-      10.0);
+  xml.Element("ElapsedMinutes",
+              std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(
+                std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - elapsed_time_start)
+                .count());
 
   xml.StartElement("UpdateReturnStatus");
   if (localModifications) {
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmProcess.cxx b/Source/CTest/cmProcess.cxx
index f3c191b8a0..78dd59899b 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmProcess.cxx
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmProcess.cxx
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 #include "cmProcess.h"
 
 #include "cmProcessOutput.h"
-#include "cmSystemTools.h"
 #include <iostream>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 cmProcess::cmProcess()
 {
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ cmProcess::cmProcess()
   this->TotalTime = 0;
   this->ExitValue = 0;
   this->Id = 0;
-  this->StartTime = 0;
+  this->StartTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point();
 }
 
 cmProcess::~cmProcess()
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ bool cmProcess::StartProcess()
   if (this->Command.empty()) {
     return false;
   }
-  this->StartTime = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  this->StartTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   this->ProcessArgs.clear();
   // put the command as arg0
   this->ProcessArgs.push_back(this->Command.c_str());
@@ -143,7 +143,11 @@ int cmProcess::GetNextOutputLine(std::string& line, double timeout)
 
   // Record exit information.
   this->ExitValue = cmsysProcess_GetExitValue(this->Process);
-  this->TotalTime = cmSystemTools::GetTime() - this->StartTime;
+  this->TotalTime =
+    static_cast<double>(std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+                          std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - this->StartTime)
+                          .count()) /
+    1000.0;
   // Because of a processor clock scew the runtime may become slightly
   // negative. If someone changed the system clock while the process was
   // running this may be even more. Make sure not to report a negative
@@ -231,7 +235,7 @@ void cmProcess::ChangeTimeout(double t)
 void cmProcess::ResetStartTime()
 {
   cmsysProcess_ResetStartTime(this->Process);
-  this->StartTime = cmSystemTools::GetTime();
+  this->StartTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 }
 
 int cmProcess::GetExitException()
diff --git a/Source/CTest/cmProcess.h b/Source/CTest/cmProcess.h
index dfb02fe0d8..ddd69b6bb7 100644
--- a/Source/CTest/cmProcess.h
+++ b/Source/CTest/cmProcess.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "cmConfigure.h" // IWYU pragma: keep
 
 #include "cmsys/Process.h"
+#include <chrono>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
   double Timeout;
-  double StartTime;
+  std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point StartTime;
   double TotalTime;
   cmsysProcess* Process;
   class Buffer : public std::vector<char>