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diff --git a/tests/run/trashcan.pyx b/tests/run/trashcan.pyx
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+# mode: run
+
+cimport cython
+
+
+# Count number of times an object was deallocated twice. This should remain 0.
+cdef int double_deallocations = 0
+def assert_no_double_deallocations():
+ global double_deallocations
+ err = double_deallocations
+ double_deallocations = 0
+ assert not err
+
+
+# Compute x = f(f(f(...(None)...))) nested n times and throw away the result.
+# The real test happens when exiting this function: then a big recursive
+# deallocation of x happens. We are testing two things in the tests below:
+# that Python does not crash and that no double deallocation happens.
+# See also https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/11841
+def recursion_test(f, int n=2**20):
+ x = None
+ cdef int i
+ for i in range(n):
+ x = f(x)
+
+
+@cython.trashcan(True)
+cdef class Recurse:
+ """
+ >>> recursion_test(Recurse)
+ >>> assert_no_double_deallocations()
+ """
+ cdef public attr
+ cdef int deallocated
+
+ def __cinit__(self, x):
+ self.attr = x
+
+ def __dealloc__(self):
+ # Check that we're not being deallocated twice
+ global double_deallocations
+ double_deallocations += self.deallocated
+ self.deallocated = 1
+
+
+cdef class RecurseSub(Recurse):
+ """
+ >>> recursion_test(RecurseSub)
+ >>> assert_no_double_deallocations()
+ """
+ cdef int subdeallocated
+
+ def __dealloc__(self):
+ # Check that we're not being deallocated twice
+ global double_deallocations
+ double_deallocations += self.subdeallocated
+ self.subdeallocated = 1
+
+
+@cython.freelist(4)
+@cython.trashcan(True)
+cdef class RecurseFreelist:
+ """
+ >>> recursion_test(RecurseFreelist)
+ >>> recursion_test(RecurseFreelist, 1000)
+ >>> assert_no_double_deallocations()
+ """
+ cdef public attr
+ cdef int deallocated
+
+ def __cinit__(self, x):
+ self.attr = x
+
+ def __dealloc__(self):
+ # Check that we're not being deallocated twice
+ global double_deallocations
+ double_deallocations += self.deallocated
+ self.deallocated = 1
+
+
+# Subclass of list => uses trashcan by default
+# As long as https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/11841 is not fixed,
+# this does lead to double deallocations, so we skip that check.
+cdef class RecurseList(list):
+ """
+ >>> RecurseList(42)
+ [42]
+ >>> recursion_test(RecurseList)
+ """
+ def __init__(self, x):
+ super().__init__((x,))
+
+
+# Some tests where the trashcan is NOT used. When the trashcan is not used
+# in a big recursive deallocation, the __dealloc__s of the base classes are
+# only run after the __dealloc__s of the subclasses.
+# We use this to detect trashcan usage.
+cdef int base_deallocated = 0
+cdef int trashcan_used = 0
+def assert_no_trashcan_used():
+ global base_deallocated, trashcan_used
+ err = trashcan_used
+ trashcan_used = base_deallocated = 0
+ assert not err
+
+
+cdef class Base:
+ def __dealloc__(self):
+ global base_deallocated
+ base_deallocated = 1
+
+
+# Trashcan disabled by default
+cdef class Sub1(Base):
+ """
+ >>> recursion_test(Sub1, 100)
+ >>> assert_no_trashcan_used()
+ """
+ cdef public attr
+
+ def __cinit__(self, x):
+ self.attr = x
+
+ def __dealloc__(self):
+ global base_deallocated, trashcan_used
+ trashcan_used += base_deallocated
+
+
+@cython.trashcan(True)
+cdef class Middle(Base):
+ cdef public foo
+
+
+# Trashcan disabled explicitly
+@cython.trashcan(False)
+cdef class Sub2(Middle):
+ """
+ >>> recursion_test(Sub2, 1000)
+ >>> assert_no_trashcan_used()
+ """
+ cdef public attr
+
+ def __cinit__(self, x):
+ self.attr = x
+
+ def __dealloc__(self):
+ global base_deallocated, trashcan_used
+ trashcan_used += base_deallocated