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diff --git a/src/character.c b/src/character.c
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+++ b/src/character.c
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+/* Basic character support.
+   Copyright (C) 1995, 1997, 1998, 2001 Electrotechnical Laboratory, JAPAN.
+   Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
+   Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2001, 2002
+     National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
+     Registration Number H13PRO009
+
+This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+any later version.
+
+GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
+the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
+
+/* At first, see the document in `character.h' to understand the code
+   in this file.  */
+
+#ifdef emacs
+#include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#ifdef emacs
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include "lisp.h"
+#include "character.h"
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "charset.h"
+#include "composite.h"
+#include "disptab.h"
+
+#else  /* not emacs */
+
+#include "mulelib.h"
+
+#endif /* emacs */
+
+Lisp_Object Qcharacterp;
+
+/* Vector of translation table ever defined.
+   ID of a translation table is used to index this vector.  */
+Lisp_Object Vtranslation_table_vector;
+
+/* A char-table for characters which may invoke auto-filling.  */
+Lisp_Object Vauto_fill_chars;
+
+Lisp_Object Qauto_fill_chars;
+
+Lisp_Object Vchar_unify_table;
+
+/* A char-table.  An element is non-nil iff the corresponding
+   character has a printable glyph.  */
+Lisp_Object Vprintable_chars;
+
+/* A char-table.  An elemnent is a column-width of the corresponding
+   character.  */
+Lisp_Object Vchar_width_table;
+
+/* A char-table.  An element is a symbol indicating the direction
+   property of corresponding character.  */
+Lisp_Object Vchar_direction_table;
+
+/* Variables used locally in the macro FETCH_MULTIBYTE_CHAR.  */
+unsigned char *_fetch_multibyte_char_p;
+int _fetch_multibyte_char_len;
+
+
+
+int
+char_string_with_unification (c, p, advanced)
+     int c;
+     unsigned char *p, **advanced;
+{
+  int bytes;
+
+  MAYBE_UNIFY_CHAR (c);
+
+  if (c <= MAX_3_BYTE_CHAR || c > MAX_5_BYTE_CHAR)
+    {
+      bytes = CHAR_STRING (c, p);
+    }
+  else if (c <= MAX_4_BYTE_CHAR)
+    {
+      p[0] = (0xF0 | (c >> 18));
+      p[1] = (0x80 | ((c >> 12) & 0x3F));
+      p[2] = (0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F));
+      p[3] = (0x80 | (c & 0x3F));
+      bytes = 4;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      p[0] = 0xF8;
+      p[1] = (0x80 | ((c >> 18) & 0x0F));
+      p[2] = (0x80 | ((c >> 12) & 0x3F));
+      p[3] = (0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F));
+      p[4] = (0x80 | (c & 0x3F));
+      bytes = 5;
+    }
+  if (advanced)
+    *advanced = p + bytes;
+  return bytes;
+}
+
+
+int
+string_char_with_unification (p, advanced, len)
+     unsigned char *p, **advanced;
+     int *len;
+{
+  int c, unified;
+  unsigned char *saved_p = p;
+
+  if (*p < 0x80 || ! (*p & 0x20) || ! (*p & 0x10))
+    {
+      c = STRING_CHAR_ADVANCE (p);
+    }
+  else if (! (*p & 0x08))
+    {
+      c = ((((p)[0] & 0xF) << 18)
+	   | (((p)[1] & 0x3F) << 12)
+	   | (((p)[2] & 0x3F) << 6)
+	   | ((p)[3] & 0x3F));
+      p += 4;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      c = ((((p)[1] & 0x3F) << 18)
+	   | (((p)[2] & 0x3F) << 12)
+	   | (((p)[3] & 0x3F) << 6)
+	   | ((p)[4] & 0x3F));
+      p += 5;
+    }
+
+  MAYBE_UNIFY_CHAR (c);
+
+  if (len)
+    *len = p - saved_p;
+  if (advanced)
+    *advanced = p;
+  return c;
+}
+
+
+/* Translate character C by translation table TABLE.  If C is
+   negative, translate a character specified by CHARSET and CODE.  If
+   no translation is found in TABLE, return the untranslated
+   character.  */
+
+int
+translate_char (table, c)
+     Lisp_Object table;
+     int c;
+{
+  Lisp_Object ch;
+
+  if (! CHAR_TABLE_P (table))
+    return c;
+  ch = CHAR_TABLE_REF (table, c);
+  if (! CHARACTERP (ch))
+    return c;
+  return XINT (ch);
+}
+
+/* Convert the unibyte character C to the corresponding multibyte
+   character based on the current value of charset_primary.  If C
+   can't be converted, return C.  */
+
+int
+unibyte_char_to_multibyte (c)
+     int c;
+{
+  struct charset *charset = CHARSET_FROM_ID (charset_primary);
+  int c1 = DECODE_CHAR (charset, c);
+
+  return ((c1 >= 0) ? c1 : c);
+}
+
+
+/* Convert the multibyte character C to unibyte 8-bit character based
+   on the current value of charset_primary.  If dimension of
+   charset_primary is more than one, return (C & 0xFF).
+
+   The argument REV_TBL is now ignored.  It will be removed in the
+   future.  */
+
+int
+multibyte_char_to_unibyte (c, rev_tbl)
+     int c;
+     Lisp_Object rev_tbl;
+{
+  struct charset *charset = CHARSET_FROM_ID (charset_primary);
+  unsigned c1 = ENCODE_CHAR (charset, c);
+
+  return ((c1 != CHARSET_INVALID_CODE (charset)) ? c1 : c & 0xFF);
+}
+
+
+DEFUN ("characterp", Fcharacterp, Scharacterp, 1, 2, 0,
+       doc: /* Return non-nil if OBJECT is a character.  */)
+     (object, ignore)
+     Lisp_Object object, ignore;
+{
+  return (CHARACTERP (object) ? Qt : Qnil);
+}
+
+DEFUN ("max-char", Fmax_char, Smax_char, 0, 0, 0,
+       doc: /* Return the character of the maximum code.  */)
+     ()
+{
+  return make_number (MAX_CHAR);
+}
+
+DEFUN ("unibyte-char-to-multibyte", Funibyte_char_to_multibyte,
+       Sunibyte_char_to_multibyte, 1, 1, 0,
+       doc: /* Convert the unibyte character CH to multibyte character.
+The multibyte character is a result of decoding CH by
+the current primary charset (value of `charset-primary').  */)
+     (ch)
+     Lisp_Object ch;
+{
+  int c;
+  struct charset *charset;
+
+  CHECK_CHARACTER (ch);
+  c = XFASTINT (ch);
+  if (c >= 0400)
+    error ("Invalid unibyte character: %d", c);
+  charset = CHARSET_FROM_ID (charset_primary);
+  c = DECODE_CHAR (charset, c);
+  if (c < 0)
+    error ("Can't convert to multibyte character: %d", XINT (ch));
+  return make_number (c);
+}
+
+DEFUN ("multibyte-char-to-unibyte", Fmultibyte_char_to_unibyte,
+       Smultibyte_char_to_unibyte, 1, 1, 0,
+       doc: /* Convert the multibyte character CH to unibyte character.\n\
+The unibyte character is a result of encoding CH by
+the current primary charset (value of `charset-primary').  */)
+     (ch)
+     Lisp_Object ch;
+{
+  int c;
+  unsigned code;
+  struct charset *charset;
+
+  CHECK_CHARACTER (ch);
+  c = XFASTINT (ch);
+  charset = CHARSET_FROM_ID (charset_primary);
+  code = ENCODE_CHAR (charset, c);
+  if (code < CHARSET_MIN_CODE (charset)
+      || code > CHARSET_MAX_CODE (charset))
+    error ("Can't convert to unibyte character: %d", XINT (ch));
+  return make_number (code);
+}
+
+DEFUN ("char-bytes", Fchar_bytes, Schar_bytes, 1, 1, 0,
+       doc: /* Return 1 regardless of the argument CHAR.
+This is now an obsolete function.  We keep it just for backward compatibility.	 */)
+     (ch)
+     Lisp_Object ch;
+{
+  CHECK_CHARACTER (ch);
+  return make_number (1);
+}
+
+DEFUN ("char-width", Fchar_width, Schar_width, 1, 1, 0,
+       doc: /* Return width of CHAR when displayed in the current buffer.
+The width is measured by how many columns it occupies on the screen.
+Tab is taken to occupy `tab-width' columns.  */)
+     (ch)
+       Lisp_Object ch;
+{
+  Lisp_Object disp;
+  int c, width;
+  struct Lisp_Char_Table *dp = buffer_display_table ();
+
+  CHECK_CHARACTER (ch);
+  c = XINT (ch);
+
+  /* Get the way the display table would display it.  */
+  disp = dp ? DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (dp, c) : Qnil;
+
+  if (VECTORP (disp))
+    width = ASIZE (disp);
+  else
+    width = CHAR_WIDTH (c);
+
+  return make_number (width);
+}
+
+/* Return width of string STR of length LEN when displayed in the
+   current buffer.  The width is measured by how many columns it
+   occupies on the screen.  */
+
+int
+strwidth (str, len)
+     unsigned char *str;
+     int len;
+{
+  return c_string_width (str, len, -1, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+/* Return width of string STR of length LEN when displayed in the
+   current buffer.  The width is measured by how many columns it
+   occupies on the screen.  If PRECISION > 0, return the width of
+   longest substring that doesn't exceed PRECISION, and set number of
+   characters and bytes of the substring in *NCHARS and *NBYTES
+   respectively.  */
+
+c_string_width (str, len, precision, nchars, nbytes)
+     unsigned char *str;
+     int precision, *nchars, *nbytes;
+{
+  int i = 0, i_byte = 0;
+  int width = 0;
+  struct Lisp_Char_Table *dp = buffer_display_table ();
+
+  while (i_byte < len)
+    {
+      int bytes, thiswidth;
+      Lisp_Object val;
+      int c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH (str + i_byte, len - i_byte, bytes);
+
+      if (dp)
+	{
+	  val = DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (dp, c);
+	  if (VECTORP (val))
+	    thiswidth = XVECTOR (val)->size;
+	  else
+	    thiswidth = CHAR_WIDTH (c);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  thiswidth = CHAR_WIDTH (c);
+	}
+
+      if (precision > 0
+	  && (width + thiswidth > precision))
+	{
+	  *nchars = i;
+	  *nbytes = i_byte;
+	  return width;
+	}
+      i++;
+      i_byte += bytes;
+      width += thiswidth;
+  }
+
+  if (precision > 0)
+    {
+      *nchars = i;
+      *nbytes = i_byte;
+    }
+
+  return width;
+}
+
+/* Return width of Lisp string STRING when displayed in the current
+   buffer.  The width is measured by how many columns it occupies on
+   the screen while paying attention to compositions.  If PRECISION >
+   0, return the width of longest substring that doesn't exceed
+   PRECISION, and set number of characters and bytes of the substring
+   in *NCHARS and *NBYTES respectively.  */
+
+int
+lisp_string_width (string, precision, nchars, nbytes)
+     Lisp_Object string;
+     int precision, *nchars, *nbytes;
+{
+  int len = XSTRING (string)->size;
+  int len_byte = STRING_BYTES (XSTRING (string));
+  unsigned char *str = XSTRING (string)->data;
+  int i = 0, i_byte = 0;
+  int width = 0;
+  struct Lisp_Char_Table *dp = buffer_display_table ();
+
+  while (i < len)
+    {
+      int chars, bytes, thiswidth;
+      Lisp_Object val;
+      int cmp_id;
+      int ignore, end;
+
+      if (find_composition (i, -1, &ignore, &end, &val, string)
+	  && ((cmp_id = get_composition_id (i, i_byte, end - i, val, string))
+	      >= 0))
+	{
+	  thiswidth = composition_table[cmp_id]->width;
+	  chars = end - i;
+	  bytes = string_char_to_byte (string, end) - i_byte;
+	}
+      else if (dp)
+	{
+	  int c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH (str + i_byte, len - i_byte, bytes);
+
+	  chars = 1;
+	  val = DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (dp, c);
+	  if (VECTORP (val))
+	    thiswidth = XVECTOR (val)->size;
+	  else
+	    thiswidth = CHAR_WIDTH (c);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  int c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH (str + i_byte, len - i_byte, bytes);
+
+	  chars = 1;
+	  thiswidth = CHAR_WIDTH (c);
+	}
+
+      if (precision > 0
+	  && (width + thiswidth > precision))
+	{
+	  *nchars = i;
+	  *nbytes = i_byte;
+	  return width;
+	}
+      i += chars;
+      i_byte += bytes;
+      width += thiswidth;
+  }
+
+  if (precision > 0)
+    {
+      *nchars = i;
+      *nbytes = i_byte;
+    }
+
+  return width;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("string-width", Fstring_width, Sstring_width, 1, 1, 0,
+       doc: /* Return width of STRING when displayed in the current buffer.
+Width is measured by how many columns it occupies on the screen.
+When calculating width of a multibyte character in STRING,
+only the base leading-code is considered; the validity of
+the following bytes is not checked.  Tabs in STRING are always
+taken to occupy `tab-width' columns.  */)
+     (str)
+     Lisp_Object str;
+{
+  Lisp_Object val;
+
+  CHECK_STRING (str);
+  XSETFASTINT (val, lisp_string_width (str, -1, NULL, NULL));
+  return val;
+}
+
+DEFUN ("char-direction", Fchar_direction, Schar_direction, 1, 1, 0,
+       doc: /* Return the direction of CHAR.
+The returned value is 0 for left-to-right and 1 for right-to-left.  */)
+     (ch)
+     Lisp_Object ch;
+{
+  int c;
+
+  CHECK_CHARACTER (ch);
+  c = XINT (ch);
+  return CHAR_TABLE_REF (Vchar_direction_table, c);
+}
+
+DEFUN ("chars-in-region", Fchars_in_region, Schars_in_region, 2, 2, 0,
+       doc: /* Return number of characters between BEG and END.
+This is now an obsolete function.  We keep it just for backward compatibility.  */)
+     (beg, end)
+     Lisp_Object beg, end;
+{
+  int from, to;
+
+  CHECK_NUMBER_COERCE_MARKER (beg);
+  CHECK_NUMBER_COERCE_MARKER (end);
+
+  from = min (XFASTINT (beg), XFASTINT (end));
+  to = max (XFASTINT (beg), XFASTINT (end));
+
+  return make_number (to - from);
+}
+
+/* Return the number of characters in the NBYTES bytes at PTR.
+   This works by looking at the contents and checking for multibyte
+   sequences while assuming that there's no invalid sequence.
+   However, if the current buffer has enable-multibyte-characters =
+   nil, we treat each byte as a character.  */
+
+int
+chars_in_text (ptr, nbytes)
+     unsigned char *ptr;
+     int nbytes;
+{
+  /* current_buffer is null at early stages of Emacs initialization.  */
+  if (current_buffer == 0
+      || NILP (current_buffer->enable_multibyte_characters))
+    return nbytes;
+
+  return multibyte_chars_in_text (ptr, nbytes);
+}
+
+/* Return the number of characters in the NBYTES bytes at PTR.
+   This works by looking at the contents and checking for multibyte
+   sequences while assuming that there's no invalid sequence.  It
+   ignores enable-multibyte-characters.  */
+
+int
+multibyte_chars_in_text (ptr, nbytes)
+     unsigned char *ptr;
+     int nbytes;
+{
+  unsigned char *endp = ptr + nbytes;
+  int chars = 0;
+
+  while (ptr < endp)
+    {
+      int len = MULTIBYTE_LENGTH (ptr, endp);
+
+      if (len == 0)
+	abort ();
+      ptr += len;
+      chars++;
+    }
+
+  return chars;
+}
+
+/* Parse unibyte text at STR of LEN bytes as a multibyte text, count
+   characters and bytes in it, and store them in *NCHARS and *NBYTES
+   respectively.  On counting bytes, pay attention to that 8-bit
+   characters not constructing a valid multibyte sequence are
+   represented by 2-byte in a multibyte text.  */
+
+void
+parse_str_as_multibyte (str, len, nchars, nbytes)
+     unsigned char *str;
+     int len, *nchars, *nbytes;
+{
+  unsigned char *endp = str + len;
+  int n, chars = 0, bytes = 0;
+
+  if (len >= MAX_MULTIBYTE_LENGTH)
+    {
+      unsigned char *adjusted_endp = endp - MAX_MULTIBYTE_LENGTH;
+      while (str < adjusted_endp)
+	{
+	  if ((n = MULTIBYTE_LENGTH_NO_CHECK (str)) > 0)
+	    str += n, bytes += n;
+	  else
+	    str++, bytes += 2;
+	  chars++;
+	}
+    }
+  while (str < endp)
+    {
+      if ((n = MULTIBYTE_LENGTH (str, endp)) > 0)
+	str += n, bytes += n;
+      else
+	str++, bytes += 2;
+      chars++;
+    }
+
+  *nchars = chars;
+  *nbytes = bytes;
+  return;
+}
+
+/* Arrange unibyte text at STR of NBYTES bytes as a multibyte text.
+   It actually converts only such 8-bit characters that don't contruct
+   a multibyte sequence to multibyte forms of Latin-1 characters.  If
+   NCHARS is nonzero, set *NCHARS to the number of characters in the
+   text.  It is assured that we can use LEN bytes at STR as a work
+   area and that is enough.  Return the number of bytes of the
+   resulting text.  */
+
+int
+str_as_multibyte (str, len, nbytes, nchars)
+     unsigned char *str;
+     int len, nbytes, *nchars;
+{
+  unsigned char *p = str, *endp = str + nbytes;
+  unsigned char *to;
+  int chars = 0;
+  int n;
+
+  if (nbytes >= MAX_MULTIBYTE_LENGTH)
+    {
+      unsigned char *adjusted_endp = endp - MAX_MULTIBYTE_LENGTH;
+      while (p < adjusted_endp
+	     && (n = MULTIBYTE_LENGTH_NO_CHECK (p)) > 0)
+	p += n, chars++;
+    }
+  while ((n = MULTIBYTE_LENGTH (p, endp)) > 0)
+    p += n, chars++;
+  if (nchars)
+    *nchars = chars;
+  if (p == endp)
+    return nbytes;
+
+  to = p;
+  nbytes = endp - p;
+  endp = str + len;
+  safe_bcopy ((char *) p, (char *) (endp - nbytes), nbytes);
+  p = endp - nbytes;
+
+  if (nbytes >= MAX_MULTIBYTE_LENGTH)
+    {
+      unsigned char *adjusted_endp = endp - MAX_MULTIBYTE_LENGTH;
+      while (p < adjusted_endp)
+	{
+	  if ((n = MULTIBYTE_LENGTH_NO_CHECK (p)) > 0)
+	    {
+	      while (n--)
+		*to++ = *p++;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      int c = *p++;
+	      c = BYTE8_TO_CHAR (c);
+	      to += CHAR_STRING (c, to);
+	    }
+	}
+      chars++;
+    }
+  while (p < endp)
+    {
+      if ((n = MULTIBYTE_LENGTH (p, endp)) > 0)
+	{
+	  while (n--)
+	    *to++ = *p++;
+	}	  
+      else
+	{
+	  int c = *p++;
+	  c = BYTE8_TO_CHAR (c);
+	  to += CHAR_STRING (c, to);
+	}
+      chars++;
+    }
+  if (nchars)
+    *nchars = chars;
+  return (to - str);
+}
+
+/* Parse unibyte string at STR of LEN bytes, and return the number of
+   bytes it may ocupy when converted to multibyte string by
+   `str_to_multibyte'.  */
+
+int
+parse_str_to_multibyte (str, len)
+     unsigned char *str;
+     int len;
+{
+  unsigned char *endp = str + len;
+  int bytes;
+
+  for (bytes = 0; str < endp; str++)
+    bytes += (*str < 0x80) ? 1 : 2;
+  return bytes;
+}
+
+
+/* Convert unibyte text at STR of NBYTES bytes to a multibyte text
+   that contains the same single-byte characters.  It actually
+   converts all 8-bit characters to multibyte forms.  It is assured
+   that we can use LEN bytes at STR as a work area and that is
+   enough.  */
+
+int
+str_to_multibyte (str, len, bytes)
+     unsigned char *str;
+     int len, bytes;
+{
+  unsigned char *p = str, *endp = str + bytes;
+  unsigned char *to;
+
+  while (p < endp && *p < 0x80) p++;
+  if (p == endp)
+    return bytes;
+  to = p;
+  bytes = endp - p;
+  endp = str + len;
+  safe_bcopy ((char *) p, (char *) (endp - bytes), bytes);
+  p = endp - bytes;
+  while (p < endp)      
+    {
+      int c = *p++;
+
+      if (c >= 0x80)
+	c = BYTE8_TO_CHAR (c);
+      to += CHAR_STRING (c, to);
+    }
+  return (to - str);
+}
+
+/* Arrange multibyte text at STR of LEN bytes as a unibyte text.  It
+   actually converts characters in the range 0x80..0xFF to
+   unibyte.  */
+
+int
+str_as_unibyte (str, bytes)
+     unsigned char *str;
+     int bytes;
+{
+  unsigned char *p = str, *endp = str + bytes;
+  unsigned char *to = str;
+  int c, len;
+
+  while (p < endp)
+    {
+      c = *p;
+      len = BYTES_BY_CHAR_HEAD (c);
+      if (CHAR_BYTE8_HEAD_P (c))
+	break;
+      p += len;
+    }
+  to = p;
+  while (p < endp)      
+    {
+      c = *p;
+      len = BYTES_BY_CHAR_HEAD (c);
+      if (CHAR_BYTE8_HEAD_P (c))
+	{
+	  c = STRING_CHAR_ADVANCE (p);
+	  *to++ = CHAR_TO_BYTE8 (c);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  while (len--) *to++ = *p++;
+	}
+    }
+  return (to - str);
+}
+
+int
+string_count_byte8 (string)
+     Lisp_Object string;
+{
+  int multibyte = STRING_MULTIBYTE (string);
+  int nchars = XSTRING (string)->size;
+  int nbytes = STRING_BYTES (XSTRING (string));
+  unsigned char *p = XSTRING (string)->data;
+  unsigned char *pend = p + nbytes;
+  int count = 0;
+  int c, len;
+
+  if (multibyte)
+    while (p < pend)
+      {
+	c = *p;
+	len = BYTES_BY_CHAR_HEAD (c);
+
+	if (CHAR_BYTE8_HEAD_P (c))
+	  count++;
+	p += len;
+      }
+  else
+    while (p < pend)
+      {
+	if (*p++ >= 0x80)
+	  count++;
+      }
+  return count;
+}
+
+
+Lisp_Object
+string_escape_byte8 (string)
+     Lisp_Object string;
+{
+  int nchars = XSTRING (string)->size;
+  int nbytes = STRING_BYTES (XSTRING (string));
+  int multibyte = STRING_MULTIBYTE (string);
+  int byte8_count;
+  unsigned char *src, *src_end, *dst;
+  Lisp_Object val;
+  int c, len;
+
+  if (multibyte && nchars == nbytes)
+    return string;
+
+  byte8_count = string_count_byte8 (string);
+
+  if (byte8_count == 0)
+    return string;
+
+  if (multibyte)
+    /* Convert 2-byte sequence of byte8 chars to 4-byte octal.  */
+    val = make_uninit_multibyte_string (nchars + byte8_count * 2,
+					nbytes + byte8_count * 2);
+  else
+    /* Convert 1-byte sequence of byte8 chars to 4-byte octal.  */
+    val = make_uninit_string (nbytes + byte8_count * 3);
+
+  src = XSTRING (string)->data;
+  src_end = src + nbytes;
+  dst = XSTRING (val)->data;
+  if (multibyte)
+    while (src < src_end)
+      {
+	c = *src;
+	len = BYTES_BY_CHAR_HEAD (c);
+
+	if (CHAR_BYTE8_HEAD_P (c))
+	  {
+	    c = STRING_CHAR_ADVANCE (src);
+	    c = CHAR_TO_BYTE8 (c);
+	    sprintf (dst, "\\%03o", c);
+	    dst += 4;
+	  }
+	else
+	  while (len--) *dst++ = *src++;
+      }
+  else
+    while (src < src_end)
+      {
+	c = *src++;
+	if (c >= 0x80)
+	  {
+	    sprintf (dst, "\\%03o", c);
+	    dst += 4;
+	  }
+	else
+	  *dst++ = c;
+      }
+  return val;
+}
+
+
+DEFUN ("string", Fstring, Sstring, 1, MANY, 0,
+       doc: /*
+Concatenate all the argument characters and make the result a string.  */)
+     (n, args)
+     int n;
+     Lisp_Object *args;
+{
+  int i;
+  unsigned char *buf = (unsigned char *) alloca (MAX_MULTIBYTE_LENGTH * n);
+  unsigned char *p = buf;
+  int c;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    {
+      CHECK_CHARACTER (args[i]);
+      c = XINT (args[i]);
+      p += CHAR_STRING (c, p);
+    }
+
+  return make_string_from_bytes ((char *) buf, n, p - buf);
+}
+
+void
+init_character_once ()
+{
+}
+
+#ifdef emacs
+
+void
+syms_of_character ()
+{
+  DEFSYM (Qcharacterp, "characterp");
+  DEFSYM (Qauto_fill_chars, "auto-fill-chars");
+
+  staticpro (&Vchar_unify_table);
+  Vchar_unify_table = Qnil;
+
+  defsubr (&Smax_char);
+  defsubr (&Scharacterp);
+  defsubr (&Sunibyte_char_to_multibyte);
+  defsubr (&Smultibyte_char_to_unibyte);
+  defsubr (&Schar_bytes);
+  defsubr (&Schar_width);
+  defsubr (&Sstring_width);
+  defsubr (&Schar_direction);
+  defsubr (&Schars_in_region);
+  defsubr (&Sstring);
+
+  DEFVAR_LISP ("translation-table-vector",  &Vtranslation_table_vector,
+	       doc: /*
+Vector of cons cell of a symbol and translation table ever defined.
+An ID of a translation table is an index of this vector.  */);
+  Vtranslation_table_vector = Fmake_vector (make_number (16), Qnil);
+
+  DEFVAR_LISP ("auto-fill-chars", &Vauto_fill_chars,
+	       doc: /*
+A char-table for characters which invoke auto-filling.
+Such characters have value t in this table.  */);
+  Vauto_fill_chars = Fmake_char_table (Qauto_fill_chars, Qnil);
+  CHAR_TABLE_SET (Vauto_fill_chars, make_number (' '), Qt);
+  CHAR_TABLE_SET (Vauto_fill_chars, make_number ('\n'), Qt);
+
+  DEFVAR_LISP ("char-width-table", &Vchar_width_table,
+	       doc: /*
+A char-table for width (columns) of each character.  */);
+  Vchar_width_table = Fmake_char_table (Qnil, make_number (1));
+
+  DEFVAR_LISP ("char-direction-table", &Vchar_direction_table,
+	       doc: /* A char-table for direction of each character.  */);
+  Vchar_direction_table = Fmake_char_table (Qnil, make_number (1));
+
+  DEFVAR_LISP ("printable-chars", &Vprintable_chars,
+	       doc: /* A char-table for each printable character.  */);
+  Vprintable_chars = Fmake_char_table (Qnil, Qt);
+}
+
+#endif /* emacs */