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Diffstat (limited to 'lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi')
| -rw-r--r-- | lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi | 105 |
1 files changed, 50 insertions, 55 deletions
diff --git a/lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi b/lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi index ef2d2fea111..1ea17f14704 100644 --- a/lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi +++ b/lispintro/emacs-lisp-intro.texi @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ @comment %**end of header -@set edition-number 3.04 +@set edition-number 3.05 @set update-date 5 November 2006 @ignore @@ -17082,7 +17082,7 @@ The @code{:type} keyword tells Emacs the kind of data to which Customization buffer. The @code{:options} keyword specifies a suggested list of values for -the variable. Currently, you can use @code{:options} only for a hook. +the variable. Usually, @code{:options} applies to a hook. The list is only a suggestion; it is not exclusive; a person who sets the variable may set it to other values; the list shown following the @code{:options} keyword is intended to offer convenient choices to a @@ -17092,6 +17092,7 @@ Finally, the @code{:group} keyword tells the Emacs Customization command in which group the variable is located. This tells where to find it. +The @code{defcustom} function recognizes more than a dozen keywords. For more information, see @ref{Customization, , Writing Customization Definitions, elisp, The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. @@ -17135,8 +17136,7 @@ It will look like this: @noindent (The @code{text-mode-hook-identify} function tells @code{toggle-text-mode-auto-fill} which buffers are in Text mode. -It comes on automatically. -) +It comes on automatically.) The @code{custom-set-variables} function works somewhat differently than a @code{setq}. While I have never learned the differences, I @@ -17187,11 +17187,12 @@ expressions myself. @findex defsubst @findex defconst -Incidentally, @code{defsubst} defines an inline function. The syntax -is just like that of @code{defun}. @code{defconst} defines a symbol -as a constant. The intent is that neither programs nor users should -ever change a value set by @code{defconst}. (You can change it; the -value set is a variable; but please do not.) +Incidentally, to be more complete concerning defines: @code{defsubst} +defines an inline function. The syntax is just like that of +@code{defun}. @code{defconst} defines a symbol as a constant. The +intent is that neither programs nor users should ever change a value +set by @code{defconst}. (You can change it; the value set is a +variable; but please do not.) @node Beginning a .emacs File, Text and Auto-fill, defcustom, Emacs Initialization @section Beginning a @file{.emacs} File @@ -17240,9 +17241,9 @@ adding to it ever since. @noindent This describes the usual conventions for comments in Emacs Lisp. Everything on a line that follows a semicolon is a comment. Two, -three, and four semicolons are used as section and subsection -markers. (@xref{Comments, ,, elisp, The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference -Manual}, for more about comments.) +three, and four semicolons are used as subsection and section markers. +(@xref{Comments, ,, elisp, The GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, for +more about comments.) @smallexample @group @@ -17288,7 +17289,6 @@ Auto Fill mode. ; The next two lines put Emacs into Text mode ; and Auto Fill mode, and are for writers who ; want to start writing prose rather than code. - (setq default-major-mode 'text-mode) (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) @end group @@ -17411,7 +17411,6 @@ reminders. ; To enter mail mode, type `C-x m' ; To enter RMAIL (for reading mail), ; type `M-x rmail' - (setq mail-aliases t) @end group @end smallexample @@ -17471,6 +17470,7 @@ See sections ``Tabs vs.@: Spaces'' and ``Local Variables in Files'' in @cite{The GNU Emacs Manual}. @end iftex +@need 1700 @node Keybindings, Keymaps, Indent Tabs Mode, Emacs Initialization @section Some Keybindings @@ -17498,13 +17498,14 @@ This also shows how to set a key globally, for all modes. The command is @code{global-set-key}. It is followed by the keybinding. In a @file{.emacs} file, the keybinding is written as shown: @code{\C-c} stands for `control-c', which means `press the -control key and the @kbd{c} key at the same time'. The @code{w} means -`press the @kbd{w} key'. The keybinding is surrounded by double -quotation marks. In documentation, you would write this as @kbd{C-c -w}. (If you were binding a @key{META} key, such as @kbd{M-c}, rather -than a @key{CTRL} key, you would write @code{\M-c}. @xref{Init -Rebinding, , Rebinding Keys in Your Init File, emacs, The GNU Emacs -Manual}, for details.) +control key and the @key{c} key at the same time'. The @code{w} means +`press the @key{w} key'. The keybinding is surrounded by double +quotation marks. In documentation, you would write this as +@w{@kbd{C-c w}}. (If you were binding a @key{META} key, such as +@kbd{M-c}, rather than a @key{CTRL} key, you would write +@w{@code{\M-c}} in your @file{.emacs} file. @xref{Init Rebinding, , +Rebinding Keys in Your Init File, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for +details.) The command invoked by the keys is @code{compare-windows}. Note that @code{compare-windows} is preceded by a single quote; otherwise, Emacs @@ -17793,8 +17794,8 @@ Here is a typical example: @end smallexample @noindent -(@code{html-helper-mode} is an alternative to @code{html-mode}, which -is a standard part of the distribution). +(@code{html-helper-mode} is an older alternative to @code{html-mode}, +which is a standard part of the distribution.) @noindent This expression autoloads the @code{html-helper-mode} function. It @@ -17866,18 +17867,18 @@ the following conditional: @smallexample @group (cond - ((string-equal (number-to-string 21) (substring (emacs-version) 10 12)) + (= 21 emacs-major-version) ;; evaluate version 21 code ( @dots{} )) - ((string-equal (number-to-string 22) (substring (emacs-version) 10 12)) + (= 22 emacs-major-version) ;; evaluate version 22 code ( @dots{} ))) @end group @end smallexample -For example, in contrast to version 20, version 21 blinks its cursor -by default. I hate such blinking, as well as some other features in -version 21, so I placed the following in my @file{.emacs} +For example, in contrast to version 20, more recent versions blink +their cursors by default. I hate such blinking, as well as other +features, so I placed the following in my @file{.emacs} file@footnote{When I start instances of Emacs that do not load my @file{.emacs} file or any site file, I also turn off blinking: @@ -17892,8 +17893,8 @@ emacs -Q - D @smallexample @group -(if (string-equal "21" (substring (emacs-version) 10 12)) - (progn +(when (or (= 21 emacs-major-version) + (= 22 emacs-major-version)) (blink-cursor-mode 0) ;; Insert newline when you press `C-n' (next-line) ;; at the end of the buffer @@ -17919,20 +17920,11 @@ emacs -Q - D ;; (Use numeric argument to turn on) (tooltip-mode nil) ;; If tooltips turned on, make tips appear promptly - (setq tooltip-delay 0.1) ; default is one second - )) + (setq tooltip-delay 0.1) ; default is 0.7 second + ) @end group @end smallexample -@noindent -(You will note that instead of typing @code{(number-to-string 21)}, I -decided to save typing and wrote `21' as a string, @code{"21"}, rather -than convert it from an integer to a string. In this instance, this -expression is better than the longer, but more general -@code{(number-to-string 21)}. However, if you do not know ahead of -time what type of information will be returned, then the -@code{number-to-string} function will be needed.) - @node X11 Colors, Miscellaneous, Simple Extension, Emacs Initialization @section X11 Colors @@ -18010,9 +18002,11 @@ in those cases, I often specify an image rather than a plain color.}: xsetroot -solid Navy -fg white & @end smallexample +@need 1700 @node Miscellaneous, Mode Line, X11 Colors, Emacs Initialization @section Miscellaneous Settings for a @file{.emacs} File +@need 1250 Here are a few miscellaneous settings: @sp 1 @@ -18096,13 +18090,15 @@ problem recently.) @noindent or start GNU Emacs with the command @code{emacs -nbc}. -@item Ignore case when using `grep'@* -@samp{-n}@w{ } Prefix each line of output with line number@* +@need 1250 +@item When using `grep'@* @samp{-i}@w{ } Ignore case distinctions@* +@samp{-n}@w{ } Prefix each line of output with line number@* +@samp{-H}@w{ } Print the filename for each match.@* @samp{-e}@w{ } Protect patterns beginning with a hyphen character, @samp{-} @smallexample -(setq grep-command "grep -n -i -e ") +(setq grep-command "grep -i -nH -e ") @end smallexample @ignore @@ -18165,9 +18161,7 @@ For a boot script: @smallexample @group loadkeys /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty/emacs2.kmap.gz - @exdent or - install-keymap emacs2 @end group @end smallexample @@ -18200,6 +18194,7 @@ xmodmap -e "keysym Alt_L = Meta_L Alt_L" @end group @end smallexample +@need 1700 @node Mode Line, , Miscellaneous, Emacs Initialization @section A Modified Mode Line @vindex default-mode-line-format @@ -18422,8 +18417,8 @@ argument of 4: @end smallexample @noindent -In GNU Emacs version 21, you will create and enter a -@file{*Backtrace*} buffer that says: +In a recent GNU Emacs, you will create and enter a @file{*Backtrace*} +buffer that says: @noindent @smallexample @@ -18472,9 +18467,9 @@ version 21. However, suppose you are not quite certain what is going on? You can read the complete backtrace. -In this case, you need to run GNU Emacs 22, which automatically starts -the debugger that puts you in the @file{*Backtrace*} buffer; or else, -you need to start the debugger manually as described below. +In this case, you need to run a recent GNU Emacs, which automatically +starts the debugger that puts you in the @file{*Backtrace*} buffer; or +else, you need to start the debugger manually as described below. Read the @file{*Backtrace*} buffer from the bottom up; it tells you what Emacs did that led to the error. Emacs made an interactive call @@ -18514,8 +18509,8 @@ then run your test again. @section @code{debug-on-entry} @findex debug-on-entry -GNU Emacs 22 starts the debugger automatically when your function has -an error. +A recent GNU Emacs starts the debugger automatically when your +function has an error. @ignore GNU Emacs version 20 and before did not; it simply @@ -18725,7 +18720,8 @@ Interactive mode.) @need 1500 However, to prepare this function definition for Edebug, you must first @dfn{instrument} the code using a different command. You can do -this by positioning your cursor within the definition and typing +this by positioning your cursor within or just after the definition +and typing @smallexample M-x edebug-defun RET @@ -22635,4 +22631,3 @@ airplane. @ignore arch-tag: da1a2154-531f-43a8-8e33-fc7faad10acf @end ignore - |