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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ึพEmacs. ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืกืžืš.

ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ Emacs ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืฉ CONTROL (ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ึพCTRL ืื• CTL)
ืื• ื‘ืžืงืฉ META (ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืกื•ืžืŸ EDIT ืื• ALT). ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื
ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื, ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

โ€<ืชื•>-C  ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืœื—ืฅ ื•ื”ื—ื–ืง ืžืงืฉ CONTROL ื•ืื– ื”ืงืฉ ืขืœ ืžืงืฉ <ืชื•>.
         ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, C-f ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•: ืœื—ืฅ ื•ื”ื—ื–ืง CONTROL ื•ื”ืงืฉ ืขืœ f.
โ€<ืชื•>-M  ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืœื—ืฅ ื•ื”ื—ื–ืง ืžืงืฉ META ืื• EDIT ืื• ALT ื•ืื– ื”ืงืฉ ืขืœ ืžืงืฉ <ืชื•>.
         ืื ื‘ืžืงืœื“ืช ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืงืฉื™ META ืื• EDIT ืื• ALT, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ
	 ื•ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืžืงืฉ ESC ื•ืื– ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ <ืชื•>. ืื ื• ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ <ESC> ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงืฉ ESC.

ื”ืขืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžึพEmacs ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-x C-c (ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ื™ื, ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ).
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื”ืงืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-g.
ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ">>" ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ืžืกืžื ืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™.
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”:
<<ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจื™ืงื•ืช ืชืชื•ื•ืกืคื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืข"ื™ help-with-tutorial>>
[ืืžืฆืข ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ืฉืืจ ืจื™ืง ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืœืŸ]
>>  ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืขืชื” C-v (ื”ืฆื’ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื) ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื. (ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื ืกื•
    ื–ืืช ืข"ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืงืฉ CONTROL ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ v.)
    ืžืขืชื” ื•ื”ืœืื”, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืžื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš.

ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžืกืš ืœืžืฉืš, ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช
ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜.

ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื•ืข ืžืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜. ืืชื
ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื, ืขื C-v. ืœื—ื–ืจื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-v
(ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืžืงืฉ META ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื• v ืื• ื”ืงื™ืฉื• โ€ช<ESC>vโ€ฌ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืœื“ืช ืžืงืฉ META
ืื• EDIT ืื• ALT).

>>  ื ืกื• ืขืชื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ M-v ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš C-v.


* ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ
--------------

ืœืฉื ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:

	โ€C-v	ื”ืชืงื“ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื
	โ€M-v	ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื“ื
	โ€C-l	ื ืงื” ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื•ื”ืฆื’ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜,
		ื›ืš ืฉื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืกืžืŸ ื™ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”
		(ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘: CONTROL-L ื•ืœื CONTROL-1.)

>> ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืขืœึพื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื™ื“ื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-l.
   ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
   ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.
   ืื ืชืงื™ืฉื• C-l ืฉื•ื‘, ืงื˜ืข ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื–ื•ื– ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”. ื”ืงื™ืฉื•
   C-l ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื•ื– ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.

ื’ื ืžืงืฉื™ PageUp ื•ึพPageDn, ืื ื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืœื“ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืชื ื•ืขื”
ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ึพC-v ื•ึพM-v ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

* ืชื ื•ืขืช ืกืžืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
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ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™
ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืขืœึพื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”?

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงืฉื™ ื”ื—ืฆื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”
ื–ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืชื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืœื“ืช ื•ืชืฉืชืžืฉื•
ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช C-p, C-b, C-f ื•ึพC-n. ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉื•ื•ืช ืขืจืš ืœืืจื‘ืขืช ืžืงืฉื™ ื”ื—ืฆื™ื,
ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ:

			ืฉื•ืจื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช, C-p
				 :
			 	 :
	   ืงื“ื™ืžื”, C-f ... ืžื™ืงื•ื ืกืžืŸ ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ... ืื—ื•ืจื”, C-b
				 :
				 :
			ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืื”, C-n

>> ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืงืฉื™ C-n ื•ึพC-p ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื”.
   ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-l ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื” ืขืœึพื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.

ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืœื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื:
P ืžึพprevious (ืงื•ื“ื), N ืžึพNext (ื”ื‘ื), B ืžึพBackward (ืื—ื•ืจื”)
ื•ึพF ืžึพForward (ืงื“ื™ืžื”). ืžืงืฉื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืืชื›ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-n ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงื ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื•.

>> ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืขื C-f ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืขื C-p.
   ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” C-p ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกืžืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืฉื•ืจื”.

ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืงื˜ืก ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืชื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื ืงืจื Newline. ืชื• ื–ื” ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ
ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืื—ืจื™ื”. (ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืชืกืชื™ื™ื ืืฃ ื”ื™ื
ื‘ึพNewline, ืืš Emacs ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื›ืš.)

>> ื ืกื• C-b ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื•ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืกืžืŸ ืœื ื•ืข ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื–ืืช,
   ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืข ืื—ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื•ืœืฃ ืขืœึพืคื ื™ ืชื• ื”ึพNewline.

ื’ื C-f ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ืฃ ืขืœึพืคื ื™ Newline, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• C-b.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-b ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื”ืกืžืŸ.
   ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-f ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืจื”. ื•ืื– ื”ืงื™ืฉื•
   C-f ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ืข ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืื”.

ื›ืฉื”ืกืžืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืžื•ืฆื’, ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื
ืœืชืฆื•ื’ื”. ืœื–ื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื "ื’ืœื™ืœื”". ื’ืœื™ืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœึพEmacs ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืœืžืงื•ื
ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืกืžืŸ ื™ื™ืขืœื ืžื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.

>> ื ืกื• ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืฉืช C-n ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”.

ืื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืชื•ึพืชื• ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžื“ื™, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ื•ืข ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช. M-f โ€(META-f) ืžื–ื™ื–
ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืื™ืœื• M-b ื–ื– ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ื•ืจื”.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-f ื•ึพM-b ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื.

ืื ื”ืกืžืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืžื™ืœื”, M-f ื–ื– ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ืœื”. ืื ื”ืกืžืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžืœื™ื,
M-f ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื•ื ืขืฆืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคื”. M-b ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืš.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืขืชื” M-f ื•ึพM-b ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื C-f ื•ึพC-b ืคื” ื•ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื•
   ืœื”ืชืจืฉื ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ M-f ื•ึพM-b ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื™ื.

ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ C-f ื•ึพC-b ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ึพM-f ื•ึพM-b ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืœืขืชื™ื
ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“ ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขื META ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืคื” (ืžืœื™ื,
ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืคืกืงืื•ืช) ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขื CONTROL ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ
ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืš ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื (ืชื•ื™ื, ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ื“').

ื”ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื: C-a ื•ึพC-e ื ืขื™ื ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื”
ื•ืกื•ืคื”, ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• M-a ื•ึพM-e ื ืขื™ื ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืกื•ืคื•.

>> ื ืกื• ืขืชื” ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ C-a ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืฉืชื™ ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ C-e.
   ื ืกื• ืฉื ื™ M-a ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืฉื ื™ M-e.

ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ C-a ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ M-a ืžื ื™ืขื”
ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื ืจืื™ืช
ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื.

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกืžืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื ืงืจื "point" ("ื ืงื•ื“ื”"). ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืกืžืŸ ืžืจืื”
ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ "point" ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜.

ื”ื ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืขืช ื”ืกืžืŸ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื™ื
ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื:

	โ€C-f	ื ื•ืข ืชื• ืื—ื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
	โ€C-b	ื ื•ืข ืชื• ืื—ื“ ืื—ื•ืจื”

	โ€M-f	ื ื•ืข ืžื™ืœื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”
	โ€M-b	ื ื•ืข ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ื•ืจื”

	โ€C-n	ื ื•ืข ืœืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืื”
	โ€C-p	ื ื•ืข ืœืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช

	โ€C-a	ื ื•ืข ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื”
	โ€C-e	ื ื•ืข ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืจื”

	โ€M-a	ื ื•ืข ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜
	โ€M-e	ื ื•ืข ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜

>> ื ืกื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื, ืœืฉื ืชืจื’ื•ืœ.
   ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืฉืชื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ื”ืŸ โ€ชM-<โ€ฌ โ€(META ืคื—ื•ืช), ืืฉืจ ื ืขื” ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช
ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜, ื•ึพโ€ชM->โ€ฌ โ€(META ื™ื•ืชืจ), ืืฉืจ ื ืขื” ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜.

ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฉ ">" ื ืžืฆื ืžืขืœ ื”ืคืกื™ืง, ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉื• ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ
ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืงืฉ Shift. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ Shift ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ โ€ชM-<โ€ฌ ื›ื™
ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื M-ืคืกื™ืง.

>> ื ืกื• ืขืชื” โ€ชM-<โ€ฌ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ.
   ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-v ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืืŸ.

>> ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืกื• โ€ชM->โ€ฌ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ.
   ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-v ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืืŸ.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืงืฉื™ ื”ื—ืฆื™ื, ืื ื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืœื“ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ึพC-b, C-f, C-n ื•ึพC-p ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื”ื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื ื›ืœ ืžืงืœื“ืช. ืฉื ื™ืช, ื›ืฉืชืชืจื’ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื Emacs, ืชืจืื•
ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืฉื™ื ืืœื• ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ื (ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื–ื™ื–
ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืžื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืœื“ืช). ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ืฉื”ืžืงืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ืจื’ืœ,
ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืกืžืŸ.

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ Emacs ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื ื•ืžืจื™; ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜
ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ืœืคืงื•ื“ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ
C-u ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืงื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื”. ืขื ื‘ืžืงืœื“ืช ืงื™ื™ื
ืžืงืฉ META (ืื• EDIT ืื• ALT), ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื ื•ืžืจื™:
ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืžืงืฉ META. ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืขืœ C-u ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื
ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ืžืงืœื“ืช. ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื”ื ื•ืžืจื™ ื ืงืจื ื’ื "ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช" (prefix
argument) ืžืฉื•ื ืžืงื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก.

ืœืžืฉืœ, C-u 8 C-f ืžื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ 8 ืชื•ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”.

>> ื ืกื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-n ืื• C-p ืขื ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื ื•ืžืจื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืืœ ืฉื•ืจื”
   ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืคืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื”ื ื•ืžืจื™ ื›ืžื•ื ื” ื—ื–ืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช
ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื›ืžื” ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช (ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”)
ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื’ืœื•ืŸ -- ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜, ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืขืจื›ื• ื”ืžืกืคืจื™, ื’ื•ืจืžืช
ืœืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจืช.

โ€C-v ื•ึพM-v ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ. ื›ืฉืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜,
ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื›ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืคื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, C-u 8 C-v
ื™ื’ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื‘ึพ8 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช.

>> ื ืกื• ืขืชื” ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-u 8 C-v.

ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื–ื•ื– ื‘ึพ8 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช. ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”,
ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช ืข"ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ืœึพM-v.

ืื ื”ืคืขืœืชื ืืช Emacs ืขืœึพื’ื‘ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ืœื•ื ืื™ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ X ืื• MS-Windows, ืืชื
ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืคืก ืฆืจ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืฉืฉืžื• ืคืก ื’ืœื™ืœื” (scroll bar) ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ
ืฉืœ Emacs. (ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืคืกื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืืœื” ื ืงืจืื™ื
"ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื" -- "fringes" -- ื•ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฆื’ืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื
ืื—ืจื™ื. ืคืก ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื”, ืœืขื•ืžืชื, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืจืง ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืงืฆื” ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ
ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื”ื•ื.)

>> ื ืกื• ืขืชื” ืœื”ืงืœื™ืง ื‘ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ
   ืฉืœ ืคืก ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื”. ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื•
   ื”ืงืœืงืชื.

>> ื ืกื• ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื”, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™.
   ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, Emacs ื™ื’ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ.

ืื ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื• ืœื’ืœื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜.

* ืื Emacs ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘
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ืื Emacs ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืฉืช C-g.
ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ ืžืชืืจืš ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช C-g.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืชื’ืจื•ื ื”ืงืฉืช C-g ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื”ื ื•ืžืจื™ ืื• ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื˜ืจื
ื”ืฉืœืžืชื ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ืชื.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-u 100 ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ 100, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ C-g. ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื•
   C-f. ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื•ืข ืชื• ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืชื ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช C-g.

ืื ื”ืงืฉืชื <ESC> ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช C-g.

* ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื˜ืจืœื•ืช
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ืžืกืคืจ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ึพEmacs ืžื ื•ื˜ืจืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ืคืขื™ืœื•
ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืงืจื”.

ืื ืชืงื™ืฉื• ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, Emacs ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉืืœ
ืื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”.

ืื ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื›ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <SPC> (ืžืงืฉ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—) ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื”.
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื ื•ื˜ืจืœืช, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• "n" ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•.

* ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช
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ืชืฆื•ื’ืช Emacs ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื›ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืฉืœื•.
ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื. ื›ืขืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“
ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื–ื”:

	โ€C-x 1	ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื).

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• CONTROL-x ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื” 1. ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” C-x 1
ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”. ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”
ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช.

>> ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-u 0 C-l.
>> ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• CONTROL-h k CONTROL-f.
   ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆื ื•ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืฆื’
   ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” CONTROL-f.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x 1 ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ C-f ื ืขืœื.

ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืฉื ื™ ืชื•ื™ื.
ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื ื”ืชื• CONTROL-x. ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ึพCONTROL-x; ื—ืœืง
ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช, ืงื‘ืฆื™ื, ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื•
ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืชื•ื™ื.


* ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ืžื—ื™ืงื”
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ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื. ืชื•ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื,
ื›ื’ื•ืŸ A, ื, 7, * ื•ื›ื“' ืžืชืคืจืฉื™ื ืข"ื™ Emacs ื›ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ืžื™ื“ ืžืชื•ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื˜ืงืกื˜
ื”ืงื™ื™ื. ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <Return> (ืžืงืฉ ื—ื–ืจืช ื’ืจืจ) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืชื• ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
(Newline).

ืœืžื—ื™ืงืช ื”ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืฉืชื ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <DelBack>. ื”ืžืงืฉ ืฉืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• <DelBack>
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืจื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื -- "Delete", "DEL" ืื• "Backspace". ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ
ื–ื”ื• ืžืงืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืœื ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืžืงืฉ <Return>, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืืชื›ื ืœืžื—ื™ืงืช
ื”ืชื• ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื ืจืง ื‘ึพEmacs.

ืื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืœื“ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืงืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืจืฉื•ื <Backspace>, ืื– ื–ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืฉ ืืฉืจ
ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื›ึพ<DelBack>. ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ึพ"Delete" ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจืช ื–ื”
ืื™ื ื• ื”ึพ<DelBack> ืฉืœื›ื.

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, <DelBack> ืžื•ื—ืง ืืช ื”ืชื• ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืกืžืŸ.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืขืชื” ืžืกืคืจ ืชื•ื™ื, ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืžื—ืงื• ืื•ืชื ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช
   ืขืœ <DelBack>. ืืœ ืชื—ืฉืฉื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื–ื” -- ื”ืขื•ืชืง ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™
   ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืชืง ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื›ื.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืจื•ื›ื” ืžืฉื•ืจื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืชืฆื•ื’ื”, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืžืฉื™ืš
ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื”ื™ื "ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื”ืžืฉืš". ืชื• ืœื•ื›ืกืŸ ("/") ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” (ืื•
ื—ืฅ ืขืงืœืงืœ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื -- "fringe") ืžืกืžืœ ืฉืœืฉื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืš.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื•ืจื”, ื•ืื– ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืงืกื˜.
   ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืชืจืื• ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืš.

>> ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <DelBack> ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืชื™ืขืฉื” ืงืฆืจื” ืžืกืคื™ืง
   ื•ืชืชืื™ื ืœืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ืขืœึพื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”. ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ืชื™ืขืœื.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืืช ืชื• ื”ึพNewline ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืชื• ืื—ืจ. ืžื—ื™ืงืช ื”ึพNewline ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™
ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืชืžื–ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืจื” ืื—ืช. ืื ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืžืจื•ื—ื‘
ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”, ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆื’ ืขื ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืš.

>> ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <DelBack>. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืชืชืžื–ื’
   ืื ืงื•ื“ืžืชื”.

>> ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <Return> ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ึพNewline ืฉืžื—ืงืชื.

ื–ื›ืจื• ื›ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ึพEmacs ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื–ืจื•ืช. ื’ื ืชื•ื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜
ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื•. ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ืชื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื.

>> ื ืกื• ื–ืืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• -- ื”ืงื™ืฉื• โ€ชC-u 8 *โ€ฌ ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ********.

ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืžื“ืชื ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ึพEmacs ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช.
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื’ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืงื”:

	โ€<Delback>	ืžื—ืง ืชื• ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืžืŸ
	โ€C-d	        ืžื—ืง ืชื• ืžืชื—ืช ืื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืžืŸ

	โ€โ€ชM-<Delback>โ€ฌ     ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืžืŸ
	โ€M-d	        ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกืžืŸ

	โ€C-k	        ื’ื–ื•ืจ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžื”ืกืžืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืจื”
	โ€M-k	        ื’ื–ื•ืจ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.

ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ <Delback> ื•ึพC-d ืœืขื•ืžืช M-<Delback>โ€Ž ื•ึพM-d ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืช
ื”ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ C-f ื•ึพM-f (ืืžื ื <Delback> ืื™ื ื ื• ืชื• ื‘ืงืจื”, ื‘ื•ื ื ื–ื ื™ื— ืืช
ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืขืชึพืขืชื”). C-k ื•ึพM-k ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœึพC-e ื•ึพM-e, ืื ื ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช
ืœืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืงื˜ืข ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜. ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ืชื’ื™ืขื•
ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-@โ€Ž ืื• C-<SPC>โ€Ž (ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืืœื•).
(<SPC> ื”ื•ื ืžืงืฉ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—.) ืขืชื” ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื•
C-w. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื™ื’ื–ืจ.

>> ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืืœ ื”ืื•ืช ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช.
>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-<SPC>โ€Ž. โ€Emacs ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืื•ืžืจืช "Mark set" ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช
   ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.
>> ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืืœ ื”ืื•ืช ืฆ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืกืงื”.
>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-w. ื‘ื›ืš ืชื’ื–ืจื• ืืช ื—ืœืง ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ึพื‘ ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ึพืฆ.

ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืžื—ื™ืงื”" ("deletion") ื•ึพ"ื’ื–ื™ืจื”" ("killing") ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื˜ืงืกื˜
"ื”ื’ื–ื•ืจ" ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื›ื ืกื” (ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜), ื•ืื™ืœื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ "ืžื—ื•ืง" ืœื
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•. (ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืงื” -- ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ.) ืื—ื–ื•ืจ
ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื’ื–ื•ืจ ื ืงืจื "ื”ื“ื‘ืงื”" ("yanking"). ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช
ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ื’ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ (ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
ืœืฉื—ื–ืจื•) ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืชื• ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื• ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืชื•ื™ ืจื•ื•ื— --
ืžื•ื—ืงื•ืช (ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื ืžื—ืง). ื›ืš, <Delback> ื•ึพC-d ืžื•ื—ืงื™ื
ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืœื ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜.

>> ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืจื™ืงื”. ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-k ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ
   ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื•ืจื”.
>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-k ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ึพNewline ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืจื”.

ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉึพC-k ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื’ื•ื–ืจ ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื”, ื•ึพC-k ื ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื•ื–ืจ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื”
ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืข ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”. C-k ืžืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื”ื ื•ืžืจื™
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื–ืจ ื›ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ึพNewlines ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื”
ืžืกืชื ื”ืคืขืœื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช: C-u 2 C-k ื’ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ึพNewlines ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ C-k ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ.

ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื’ื–ืจื ื• ื ืงืจื "ื”ื“ื‘ืงื”" ("yanking"). (ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ืคื”
ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืชื”ื•ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื” ืืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืœืงื—.) ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื
ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ื ื’ื–ืจ ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื, ืื•
ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื—ืจ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื "cutting"
ื•ึพ"pasting" ื‘ืžืงื•ื "killing" ื•ึพ"yanking" (ืจืื” ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืง
ื”ึพ"Glossary" ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ Emacs).

ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื”ื™ื C-y. ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื’ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžืŸ.

>> ื ืกื• ื–ืืช: ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-y ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื—ื–ืจ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.

ืื ืชืงื™ืฉื• C-k ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฆืฃ, ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื ืฉืžืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื›ืš
ืฉึพC-y ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื™ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช.

>> ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืขืชื”: ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-k ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื.

ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื:

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-y. ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-y ืฉื•ื‘.
   ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ืชื, ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื.

ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื”ื“ื‘ืงื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื’ื–ืจืชื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืื—ืจ? C-y ื™ื“ื‘ื™ืง
ืจืง ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ืื•ืœื ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืœืš ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“. ื ื™ืชืŸ
ืœืื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” M-y. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืงืฉืชื C-y ืฉืžื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื
ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ M-y ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืžื•ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื ื‘ืคืขื ืœืคื ื™
ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ื”ืงืฉื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืช ืขืœ M-y ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืฉืชืจืื• ืฉื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืžื•ื“ื‘ืง ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง, ืชืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ M-y
ื•ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืฉื ื›ืš.

ืื ืชืงื™ืฉื• M-y ืžืกืคื™ืง ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื• ืื—ืจ ื–ื•, ืชื’ื™ืขื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” (ื˜ืงืกื˜
ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”).

>> ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉื•ืจื”, ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืชื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืื ื” ื•ืื ื”, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉื•ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
   ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-y ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื.
   ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-y ื•ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืื—ื–ืจืชื ืชื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื.
   ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-y ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ M-y
   ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื ืชื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืื– ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื.
   ืื ืชืจืฆื•, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืกื•ืช M-y ืขื ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™.


* ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช
--------------

ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, C-x u.

ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, C-x u ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืข"ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช. ื”ืคืขืœื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืฉืœ
C-x u ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ืื—ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.

ืฉื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”: ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ (ืœืžืฉืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืช ื”ืกืžืŸ
ื•ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ืœื™ืœื”) ืื™ื ืŸ ื ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืชื•ื™ื ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ
ืขื“ 20, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-x u ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื˜ืงืกื˜.

>> ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืขื C-k, ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x u ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื•ื‘.

โ€C-_โ€Ž ื”ื™ื ื” ื“ืจืš ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• C-x u,
ืื‘ืœ ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงืฉื” ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื• ืื—ืจ ื–ื•. ื”ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ C-_โ€Ž ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ืžื”
ืžืงืœื“ื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืืœื™ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ื–ืืช. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ C-x u. ื‘ืžืงืœื“ื•ืช
ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-_โ€Ž ืข"ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช CONTROL ื•ื”ืงืฉืช ืœื•ื›ืกืŸ /.

ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื ื•ืžืจื™ ืœึพC-_โ€Ž ืื• ืœึพC-x u ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื—ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื”. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืงื”
ื•ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื›ื ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืขื C-y; ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ.


* ืงื‘ืฆื™ื
-------

ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืฉื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืขืจื›ืชื ื™ื™ืฉืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ. ืื—ืจืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืขืœื ื‘ืจื’ืข
ืฉืชืฆืื• ืžึพEmacs. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืก ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ, ื™ืฉ "ืœืคืชื•ื—" ("find") ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ื˜ืงืกื˜. (ืฉื ืื—ืจ ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื "ืœืคืงื•ื“" ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ - "visit".)

ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืชื•ืš Emacs. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืขืฆืžื•. ืื•ืœื, ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืชื•ืš Emacs ืื™ื ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื—ืœืง
ืžื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืขื“ ืฉืืชื "ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื" ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ. ื–ืืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื•
ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ, Emacs ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช
ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช.

ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”, ืชืจืื• ืฉื ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช
ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื ื•ืœื™ื“ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉืœื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ "TUTORIAL.he". ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš
ื›ืœืœ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื•ืชื• ืืชื ืคื•ืงื“ื™ื. ื›ืจื’ืข ืืชื ืคื•ืงื“ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืฉื
"TUTORIAL.he" ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืชืง ื”ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ึพEmacs.
ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ึพEmacs ืชืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”.

ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื
ืœืคืชื•ื—. ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” "ืงื•ืจืืช ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ืžื”ืžืกื•ืฃ" (ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜
ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ). ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชืงื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”

	โ€C-x C-f    ืคืชื— ืงื•ื‘ืฅ

โ€Emacs ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืชืงื™ืฉื• ืืช ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ. ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืชืงื™ืฉื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ
ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”. ืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื ืงืจืืช "ืžื™ื ื™ึพื—ื•ืฆืฅ" ("minibuffer") ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืกื•ื’ ื–ื”
ืฉืœ ืงืœื˜. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ Emacs ื›ืฉืžืงื™ืฉื™ื ืืช
ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื–ื”.

ืื ื˜ืจื ืกื™ื™ืžืชื ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ (ืื• ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ึพื—ื•ืฆืฅ),
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช C-g.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x C-f ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-g. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ึพื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ื’ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœ
   ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” C-x C-f ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ึพื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืœื ื ืคืชื—.

ืžืฉืกื™ื™ืžืชื ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <Return> ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืœื˜. ืื•ึพืื– ืชื™ื’ืฉ
C-x C-f ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืชืžืฆื ื•ืชืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื. ื”ืžื™ื ื™ึพื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื ืขืœื ื›ืืฉืจ
ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ึพC-x C-f ืชืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”.

ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœึพื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.
ื›ืฉืชื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืื”:

	โ€C-x C-s    ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ

ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš Emacs. ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืชืคืขื™ืœื•
ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, Emacs ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœืฉื ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืœืš
ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“. ื”ืฉื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช "~" ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ.

ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช, Emacs ืžืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืืช ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื ืฉืžืจ. ื ืกื•
ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื–ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœืื‘ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘
ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ (ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคื™ืกืงื” ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช).

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x C-s ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ.
   ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืชื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” "Wrote ... TUTORIAL.he" ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื• ืื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ืื•ืชื•. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืงื•ื‘ืฅ
ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื. ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช Emacs: ืคืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ
ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืจื™ืง ื•ืื– ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœืชื•ื›ื•. ื›ืฉืชืคืขื™ืœื• ืืช ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื”,
Emacs ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืขื ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื”ืงืฉืชื. ืžืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข ื•ืื™ืœืš, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืงื™ื™ื.


* ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื
--------

ืื ืชืคืชื—ื• ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื C-x C-f, ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืืจ ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ึพEmacs.
ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืข"ื™ C-x C-f. ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื.

>> ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืชื” ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืฉื "foo" ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืฉืช C-x C-f foo <Return>โ€Ž.
   ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืงืฆืช ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืขืจื›ื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืžืจื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ "foo"
   ืข"ื™ C-x C-s. ืขืชื” ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช C-x C-f TUTORIAL.he <Return>โ€Ž.

โ€Emacs ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื›ืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ืฆืฅ" ("buffer"). ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช
ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš Emacs. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš Emacs,
ื”ืงื™ืฉื•

	โ€C-x C-b    ื”ืฆื’ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื

>> ื ืกื• ืืช C-x C-b ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•.

ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืขืฉื•ื™ ื’ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื•
ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง. ื›ืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืืชื ืžืงื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ Emacs ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ
ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x 1 ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื.

ื›ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื, ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ "ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™" ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข
ื ืชื•ืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื• ืืชื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข. ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ื—ื•ืฆืฅ
ืื—ืจ, ืขืœื™ื›ื "ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ" ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืงื‘ืฆื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
ืข"ื™ C-x C-f ืฉื™ืคืงื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื” C-x b. ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื›ื ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x b foo <Return>โ€Ž ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฆืฅ "foo" ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœ
   ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ "foo". ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x b TUTORIAL.he <Return>โ€Ž ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื•ื‘
   ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”.

ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื–ื”ื” ืœืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ (ืœืœื ืฉื ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื” ืฉืœื•). ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื”
ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืš. ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช ืข"ื™ C-x C-b ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื
ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ึพEmacs.

ื›ืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Emacs ื”ื™ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื "*Buffer List*" ืื™ื ื•
ืžืฆื™ื’ ืฉื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ. ื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืข"ื™ C-x C-b.
ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื "*Messages*" ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ; ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช
ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื›ื ื‘ืชื•ืš Emacs.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x b *Messages* <Return>โ€Ž ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช.
   ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x b TUTORIAL.he <Return>โ€Ž ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”.

ืื ืขืฉื™ืชื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืคืชื—ืชื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื—ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืžืจ
ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš Emacs, ื‘ืชื•ืš
ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืงื•ื‘ืฅ. ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ื•ืขืจื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ
ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™, ืืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš
ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืœื ื ื•ื— ืื™ืœื•
ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช C-x C-f ื•ืื– ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขื
C-x C-s. ืœื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืคืงื•ื“ื”

	โ€C-x s     ืฉืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื

โ€C-x s ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ื ืฉืžืจื•. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ
ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืืœ ืืชื›ื ื”ืื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืื• ืœื.

>> ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x s.
   ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื TUTORIAL.he.
   ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ "y".


* ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช
--------------------

ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ึพEmacs ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืข"ื™ ื›ืœ ืชื•ื™ ื”ึพcontrol
ื•ื”ึพmeta. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•, Emacs ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช X ื”ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื•ืช (eXtend)
ืืช ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื:

	โ€C-x     ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืชื•. ืชื• ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืฉื‘ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”.
	โ€M-x     ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืข"ื™ ืฉื ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”. ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ื ืฉื ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื”.

ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ืืœื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ืชื ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•. ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ืชื: C-x C-f ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช
ืงื•ื‘ืฅ, ื•ึพC-x C-s ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื. ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœืฆืืช
ืžึพEmacs -- โ€C-x C-c. (ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื C-x C-c, ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื• ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื
ื ืฉืžืจื•; C-x C-c ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืฉื™ื ื™ืชื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช Emacs.)

ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื’ ื’ืจืคื™ ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืื™ื ื›ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื
ืœืคืงื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžึพEmacs ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช
ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจ ืื• ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช. ืื•ืœื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืฆื•ื’ื”
ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืจืง ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืื—ืช ื‘ื•ึพื–ืžื ื™ืช, ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• "ืœื”ืฉืขื•ืช"
("suspend") ืืช Emacs ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช.

ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” C-z ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžึพEmacs *ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™* -- ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ
ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืžืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ Emacs ืจืฅ ืขืœ ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜, C-z "ืžืฉืขื”" ืืช
Emacs: ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืœืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ("shell"),
ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื™ื™ื ืืช Emacs. ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื›ื ื‘ึพEmacs,
ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” "fg" ืื• โ€ช"%emacs"โ€ฌ.

ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ึพC-x C-c ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ืชืง (log out).
ื›ืžื•ึพื›ืŸ, ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžึพEmacs ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืœ ืข"ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืืช ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ -- ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืขื
ื”ืฉืขื™ื™ืช Emacs.

ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช C-x ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืืœื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ืชื:

	โ€C-x C-f 	ืคืชื— ืงื•ื‘ืฅ
	โ€C-x C-s 	ืฉืžื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ
	โ€C-x s  	ืฉืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื
	โ€C-x C-b 	ื”ืฆื’ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื
	โ€C-x b  	ื”ื—ืœืฃ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ
	โ€C-x C-c 	ืฆื ืžึพEmacs
	โ€C-x 1  	ื”ืฉืืจ ืจืง ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื—ืง ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ
	โ€C-x u  	ื‘ื˜ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืข"ื™ ืฉื ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช ืขื ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช
ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืจืง ืœืื•ืคื ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” (modes) ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืคืงื•ื“ื”
replace-string (ื”ื—ืœืฃ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช) ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืœื™ืคื” ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ.
ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชืงื™ืฉื• M-x, โ€Emacs ืžืฆื™ื’ M-x ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื•ืžื—ื›ื” ืฉืชืงื™ืฉื• ืืช ืฉื
ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” "replace-string". ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืชืงื™ืฉื• "repl s<TAB>โ€Ž" ื•ึพEmacs
ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ืžืœื. (<TAB> ื”ื•ื ืžืงืฉ Tab, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืชืžืฆืื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืœ ืžืงืฉ
ื”ึพCapsLock ืื• Shift, ืœื™ื“ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืœื“ืช.) ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืฉื ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”
ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืฉืช <Return>.

ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื -- ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืฉืชื•ื—ืœืฃ ื•ื–ื• ืฉืชื—ืœื™ืฃ
ืื•ืชื”. ืกื™ื™ืžื• ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืข"ื™ <Return>.

>> ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื•.
   ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-x repl s<Return>changed<Return>altered<Return>โ€Ž.

   ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” "changed" ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืชื ืชื”: ื–ื” ืขืชื” ื”ื—ืœืคืชื ืืช
   ื”ืžื™ืœื” c-h-a-n-g-e-d ื‘ืžื™ืœื” "altered" ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆืืช ืื—ืจื™
   ื”ืกืžืŸ.


* ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืจื›ืชื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื‘ืœ ื˜ืจื ืฉืžืจืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื›ื
ื ืชืงืข. ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืžืคื ื™ ืกื›ื ื” ื–ื•, Emacs ืฉื•ืžืจ ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื–ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ
ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ื”. ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื ืคืจื“ ืฉืฉืžื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ
ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื• #. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืฉื "hello.c", ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื”
ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื™ื™ืงืจื "#hello.c#". ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื›ื
ืžื•ื—ืงืช ืืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.

ืื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืื›ืŸ ื ืชืงืข, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคืงืชื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ. ืœืฉื ื›ืš,
ื™ืฉ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ (ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืฉืžื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ืœื ืืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื”
ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช), ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ M-x recover-file <Return>โ€Ž. ื›ืฉึพEmacs ื™ื‘ืงืฉ
ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• yes<Return>โ€Ž ื›ื“ื™ ืฉึพEmacs ื™ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืฉืžืจ
ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช.


* ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ื“
----------

ืื Emacs ืžื’ืœื” ืฉืืชื ืžืงื™ืฉื™ื ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœืื˜, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืฉื”ืงืฉืชื ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”,
ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื "ืื–ื•ืจ ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ื“". ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.


* ืฉื•ืจืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก
------------

ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืžืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ื“ ื ืงืจืืช "ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก" (mode line). ืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื•
ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•:

    -U:**-  TUTORIAL.he    63% L651    (Fundamental)-----------------------

ืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ Emacs ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ื”.

ืืชื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ -- ื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืคืชื—ืชื. NN%โ€Ž ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ
ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื›ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืœืืžื•ืจ ื›ื™ NN ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœื˜ืงืกื˜
ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ. ืื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืชืจืื• ืฉื "Top"
ื‘ืžืงื•ื "0% ". ืื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืชืจืื• ืฉื "Bot" โ€(bottom).
ืื ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื›ืœึพื›ืš ืงืฆืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืชืฆื™ื’ "All".

ื”ืื•ืช L ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืื—ืจื™ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช: ื”ื ืžืจืื™ื ืืช
ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ืกืžืŸ.

ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜. ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช
ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื• ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืชื• ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืจืง
ืžืงืคื™ื.

ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืžื”o ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื” (editing modes) ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื
ื›ืขืช. ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื Fundamental, ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก, ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ืขืช.
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ "ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืจืืฉื™" (major mode).

ืœึพEmacs ืื•ืคื ื™ ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืขืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืคืช
ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื•/ืื• ืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Lisp mode, Text mode ื•ื›ื“'.
ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ ืจืง ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ืฉืžื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช
ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื›ืจื’ืข ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื "Fundamental".

ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืžื” ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช
ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืคืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืฉืœ
ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช, ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืฉืคื”.
ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ.
ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ Fundamental ื”ื™ื ื” M-x fundamental-mode.

ืื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื›ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ื›ืžื• ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื›ื
ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ึพText mode.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-x text-mode <Return>โ€Ž.

ืืœ ื“ืื’ื”: ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช Emacs ืฉืœืžื“ืชื ืขื“ ื›ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ
ืžื”ื•ืชื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉึพM-f ื•ึพM-b ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœึพ'ื’ืจืฉ' ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื™ืœื”.
ืœืคื ื™ึพื›ืŸ, ื‘ึพFundamental mode, โ€M-f ื•ึพM-b ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื• ืขื ื”ื’ืจืฉ ื›ืžืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ
ืžื™ืœื™ื.

ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืšึพื›ืœืœ ืžืฉื ื™ื ืงืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช: ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช
ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ "ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”" ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจืช.

ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-h m.

>> ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ึพC-u C-v ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืœืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.
>> ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-h m ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžื” Text mode ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ึพFundamental mode.
>> ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x 1 ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.

ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ื ืงืจืื™ื ื›ืš ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื ืื•ืคื ื™ึพืžืฉื ื” (minor modes).
ืื•ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ื ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื, ื”ื ืจืง ืžืฉื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงืฆืช.
ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸึพืžืฉื ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขืœื” ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ืœืœื
ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™. ืœื›ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืื•ืคืŸึพืžืฉื ื” ืื—ื“ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื• ืืฃ
ืื•ืคืŸึพืžืฉื ื”.

ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืคื ื™ึพื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืฉื ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื˜ืงืก ื‘ืฉืคืชึพืื ื•ืฉ, ื”ื•ื
Auto Fill mode. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ืคืขืœ, Emacs ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืคื•ืชื— ืฉื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืžื™ืœื” ืื ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื”ืงืฉืชื ืืจื•ืš ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืื—ืช.

ืœื”ืคืขืœืช Auto Fill mode ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ M-x auto-fill-mode <Return>โ€Ž. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืคืŸ
ื–ื” ืžื•ืคืขืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื• ืข"ื™ M-x auto-fill-mode <Return>โ€Ž. ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืคืงื•ื“ื”
ื–ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืขื™ืœ. ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื•
ืงื•ืจืื™ื "ืžื™ืชื•ื’" -- ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” "ืžืžืชื’ืช" ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืขืชื” M-x auto-fill-mode <Return>โ€Ž. ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• "ืฉื“ื’ื› " (ืขื
   ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืกื•ืฃ) ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืฉืชื™ืคืชื— ืฉื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื
   ืฉึพAuto Fill mode ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื™ื.

ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื (margin) ืฉึพEmacs ืฉื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ืจืšึพื›ืœืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ 70 ืชื•ื•ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ
ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” C-x f. ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ
ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื ื•ืžืจื™.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x f ืขื ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f). ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ื˜ืงืกื˜
   ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉึพEmacs ืคื•ืชื— ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ 20 ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ.
   ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืœึพ70 ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ึพC-x f.

ืื ืขืจื›ืชื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืคืกืงื”, Auto Fill mode ืœื ื™ืžืœื ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ
ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-q โ€(META-q) ื›ืฉื”ืกืžืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš
ื”ืคืกืงื”.

>> ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-q.


* ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
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โ€Emacs ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช (ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืื• ืžื™ืœื™ื) ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืื• ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš
ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜. ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื ืขืช ื”ืกืžืŸ: ื”ื•ื ืžืžืงื ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ
ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆืื” ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื”ื‘ืื”.

ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืฉืœ Emacs ื”ื™ื ื• "ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ" ("incremental"). ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืงืฉืชื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœืžืฆื•ื.

ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื C-s ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ึพC-r ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ื•ืจื”. ื—ื›ื•! ืืœ
ืชืคืขื™ืœื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.

ื›ืฉืชืงื™ืฉื• C-s, ืชืจืื• ืฉื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ื”ื“ ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ "I-search". ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
ืฉึพEmacs ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ "ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ" ("incremental search") ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืžืชื™ืŸ
ืœื”ืงืฉืชื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœืžืฆื•ื. ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ <Return> ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ืืช
ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืขืชื” C-s ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ. ืœืื˜ึพืœืื˜, ืื•ืชึพืื•ืช, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื”
   "ืกืžืŸ", ืขื ื”ืคืกืงื” ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ืช, ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืกืžืŸ.
   ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืžืฆืืชื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืกืžืŸ" ืคืขื ืื—ืช.
>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-s ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช "ืกืžืŸ" ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜.
>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <Delback> ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื”.
>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <Return> ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ.

ื”ืื ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืงืจื”? ื‘ืžื”ืœืš "ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ" Emacs ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื
ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืฉื”ืงืฉืชื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ื, ืคืฉื•ื˜
ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-s ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืื ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜, Emacs ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ
ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ "ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ" ("failing"). ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ C-g ื’ื ื”ื™ื
ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ.

(ื”ืขืจื”: ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ C-s ืžืงืคื™ืขื” ืืช ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ืžืกืš, ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืชืจืื•
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื•ื ืคืœื˜ ืฉืœ Emacs. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืชื›ื•ื ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืฉืžื” "flow
control" ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ืข"ื™ C-s ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช C-s ืœึพEmacs. ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืงืคืืช
ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-q.)

ืื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืชืงื™ืฉื• ืขืœ <Delback>, ืชืจืื• ืฉื”ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช
ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉืช ื ืžื—ืง ื•ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื• ื ืžืฆืื” ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืœืœื ื”ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ืงืฉืชื "ืก" ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืื•ืช "ืก". ืื
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชืงื™ืฉื• "ืž", ื”ืกืžืŸ ื™ื–ื•ื– ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื ืžืฆื "ืกืž". ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <Delback>.
ื”ึพ"ืž" ื ืžื—ืง ืžื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื•ื”ืกืžืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืืช "ืก" ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”.

ืื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืชืคืขื™ืœื• ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืžืงืฉ ืชื•ืš ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ
CONTROL ืื• META, ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื™ืกืชื™ื™ื. (ื›ืžื” ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ื–ื” -- ืืœื• ืชื•ื•ื™ื
ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช C-s ื•ึพC-r.)

ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ C-s ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช _ืื—ืจื™_ ื”ืกืžืŸ. ืื
ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-r ื‘ืžืงื•ื C-s. ื›ืœ
ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ C-s ืชืงืฃ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ C-r, ืืœื ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืชื”ืคืš.


* ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื
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ืื—ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ Emacs ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš
ื‘ื•ึพื–ืžื ื™ืช. (ื”ืขืจื”: Emacs ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื ื— "frame" -- "ืชื‘ื ื™ืช" -- ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื”
ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžื›ื ื•ืช "ื—ืœื•ืŸ". ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืกืงื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช
ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ Emacs ื‘ืคืจืง "Glossary" ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.)

>> ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืกืžืŸ ืœืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื•ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-u 0 C-l โ€(CONTROL-L ื•ืœื CONTROL-1).

>> ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x 2 ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื™ืชื—ืœืง ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช
   ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ืกืžืŸ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸืฅ

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-M-v ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ.
   (ืื ื‘ืžืงืœื“ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงืฉ META ืืžื™ืชื™, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• โ€Ž<ESC> C-v ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ.)

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x o โ€("o" ื”ื•ื ืจืžื– ืœึพ"other", "ืื—ืจ") ืขืœึพืžื ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ
   ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ.
>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-v ื•ึพM-v ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
   ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x o ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.
   ื”ืกืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ึพื›ืŸ.

ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ึพC-x o ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืœื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงื•ื
ืกืžืŸ ืžืฉืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืกืžืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข. ื›ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื”
ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ ื”ืกืžืŸ. ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ื–ื” "ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ
ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ".

ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” C-M-v ื ื•ื—ื” ืžืื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ
ืื—ืจ ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ืก. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ืืชื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื˜ืงืกื˜
ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช C-M-v.

โ€C-M-v ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืคืงื•ื“ืช CONTROL-META. ืื ื‘ืžืงืœื“ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืงืฉ
META ืืžื™ืชื™, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืข"ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืงืฉื™ CONTROL
ื•ึพMETA ื’ื ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืื– ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ v. ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืชืœื—ืฆื• ืขืœ CONTROL ื•ึพMETA ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื ื”
ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื• ื”ืžื•ืงืฉ ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื.

ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืœื“ืช ืžืงืฉ META ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ึพ<ESC> ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ, ื”ืกื“ืจ ื›ืŸ
ืžืฉื ื”: ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ <ESC> ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ CONTROL-v, ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื
ืฉึพCONTROL-<ESC> v ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“. <ESC> ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• CONTROL
ืื• META.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x 1 (ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ) ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ.

(ืื™ืœื• ื”ืงืฉืชื C-x 1 ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืกืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ืชื•ื›ืœื•
ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื›ึพ"ื”ืฉืืจ ืจืง ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ -- ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ืขืชื”".)

ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ึพC-x C-f
ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช -- ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื
ืœืคืชื•ื— ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ึพืชืœื•ื™.

ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื:

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x 4 C-f ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
   ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืขื <Return>. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ. ื”ืกืžืŸ
   ืžื“ืœื’ ืœืฉื ืืฃ ื”ื•ื.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x o ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x 1 ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืœืง ืืช
   ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ.


* ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
---------------

โ€Emacs ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžืกืคืจ "ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช" ("frames") ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื’
ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืจืง ื˜ืงืกื˜. ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช, ืชืคืจื™ื˜, ืคืกื™ ื’ืœื™ืœื”, ืื–ื•ืจ
ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ื”ื“ ื•ื›ื•'. (ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” "ื—ืœื•ืŸ".)

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-x make-frame <Return>โ€Ž.
   ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชื•ืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš.

ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-x delete-frame <Return>โ€Ž.
   ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืงืฉืชื ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืชื™ืกื’ืจ ื•ืชื™ืขืœื ืžื”ืžืกืš.

ื›ืžื•ึพื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื”ื ืชืžื›ืช ืข"ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
ืฉืœื›ื (ื‘ื“ืจืšึพื›ืœืœ, ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืœืงื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ึพ"X" ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ
ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช.) ืฉื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ืชื‘ื ื™ืช (ืื• ื—ืœื•ืŸ). ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
ื”ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื—ื–ืจื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.


* ืจืžื•ืช ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืจืงื•ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
-----------------------

ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืงืœืขื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืงืจื•ื™ "ืจืžืช ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืจืงื•ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช". Emacs ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ืข"ื™
ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ื•ืฆื’ ืฉื
[(Fundamental)] ื‘ืžืงื•ื (Fundamental).

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœืฅ ืžืจืžืช ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืจืงื•ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ <ESC> <ESC> <ESC>. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื”
ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ "ื”ื™ืžืœื˜ื•ืช". ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืœืง ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืื”
ืžืชื•ืš ืžื™ื ื™ึพื—ื•ืฆืฅ.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• M-x ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื™ื ื™ึพื—ื•ืฆืฅ; ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื• <ESC> <ESC> <ESC> ื›ื“ื™
   ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฅ ืžืฉื.

ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ C-g ืœื ืชื—ืœืฅ ืืชื›ื ืžืจืžื•ืช ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืจืงื•ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื–ืืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉึพC-g ืžื‘ื˜ืœ
ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื _ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช_ ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืจืงื•ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื”.


* ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืขื–ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช
------------------

ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื ื• ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื›ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืืš ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื›ื
ื‘ึพEmacs. โ€Emacs ืžื›ื™ืœ ื›ืœึพื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืืจ ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืืช
ื”ื›ืœ. ืื•ืœื, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ Emacs ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช
ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช. Emacs ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืงืจื™ืืช ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ Emacs.
ื”ืคืขืœืช ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช "ืขื–ืจื”" ืืœื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืงืฉ CONTROL-h ืฉืขืœึพื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื "ืžืงืฉ
ืขื–ืจื”" ("help").

ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืืช C-h ื•ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืขื•ื“ ืชื• ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื” ืžืกื•ื’
ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื. ืื ืืชื _ื‘ืืžืช_ ืื‘ื•ื“ื™ื, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-h ?โ€Ž ื•ึพEmacs ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขื–ืจื”
ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื. ืื ื”ืงืฉืชื C-h ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื•ื
ืขื–ืจื”, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-g ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”.

(ืื ื”ืงืฉืช C-h ืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื–ืจื”, ื ืกื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ F1 ืื•
M-x help <Return>โ€Ž ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ.)

ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื C-h c. ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-h, ืื—ืจื™ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืช c ื•ืื– ื”ืงื™ืฉื•
ืกื“ืจืช ืžืงืฉื™ื ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™. Emacs ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืื“ ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”
ื”ื”ื™ื.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-h c C-p.

ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืชื•ืฆื’ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื–ื”:

		C-p runs the command previous-line

ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืจืื” ืืช "ืฉื ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”". ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™
ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืฆืจ -- ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ
ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ืชื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ C-h c ื’ื ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืคืขืœื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืกื“ืจืช ืžืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ
ืžืื—ื“, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ C-x C-s ืื• (ืื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงืฉ META ืื• EDIT ืื• ALT) โ€โ€Ž<ESC> v.

ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื”, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื” C-h k ื‘ืžืงื•ื C-h c.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-h k C-p.

ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื™ื•ืฆื’ื• ื”ืฉื ื•ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ืŸ Emacs ื ืคืจื“. ื›ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืžื• ืœืงืจื•ื
ืืช ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x 1 ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจื”. ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
ืžื™ื“. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืงืฆืช ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจึพื›ืš ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-x 1.

ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื–ืจื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช:

    โ€C-h f	ืชืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”.

>> ื ืกื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-h f previous-line <Return>โ€Ž.
   ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื™ื•ืฆื’ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืžืžืฉืช ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” C-p ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื
   ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœึพEmacs.

ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื“ื•ืžื” C-h v ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชื ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืœื• ืฉืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ
ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืกื˜ื ืืช Emacs. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ Emacs ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ื–ืืช.

    โ€C-h a	ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื. ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ืžื™ืœืช ืžืคืชื— ื•ึพEmacs
		ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ืžื™ืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื—.
		ื›ืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขืœื” ืข"ื™ META-x. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืง
		ืžื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืฆื’ ื’ื ืกื“ืจืช ืžืงืฉื™ื ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-h a file <Return>โ€Ž.

ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื–ื”, ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืขื ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื”
"file". ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืชืจืื• ื’ื ืžืงืฉื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ C-x C-f ืœืฆื“ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ
find-file.

>> ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-M-v ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจื”. ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช.

>> ืขืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฉื• C-x 1 ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจื”.

    โ€C-h i	ื”ืฆื’ ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช Emacs. (ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•
		ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื "Info".) ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื–ืืช ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื™
		"*info*" ืฉื‘ื• ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืงื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
		ื”ืงื™ืฉื• m emacs <Return>โ€Ž ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ Emacs.
		ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช Info, ื”ืงื™ืฉื• ? ื•ึพEmacs ื™ืงื— ืืชื›ื
		ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ Info mode. ื›ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืžื• ืขื ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ
		ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš Emacs ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“
		ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื›ื.


* ืขื•ื“ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช
------------

ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื•ื“ ืขืœึพืื•ื“ื•ืช Emacs ืข"ื™ ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉืœื•, ืื ื›ืกืคืจ
ืžื•ื“ืคืก ืื• ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš Emacs ืขืฆืžื•. (ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื“ืจืš
ืชืคืจื™ื˜ Help ืื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ C-h r.) ืื•ืœื ืฉืชื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืžืฆืื• ื—ืŸ
ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืกื›ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ึพdired ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื•ื— ื‘ืงื‘ืฆื™ื.

ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื›ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฆืฅ
*Messages*, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-x b *M<Tab>โ€Ž ื•ึพEmacs ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ
ืฉื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉืชื. ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช
ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ื. ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ Emacs ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช
(node) ื‘ืฉื "Completion".

โ€Dired ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื” (ื•ื›ืืคืฆื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ืชืช-ืชื™ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”), ืœื ื•ืข
ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•, ืœืคืชื•ื— ืงื‘ืฆื™ื, ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขืœื™ื”ื
ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. Dired ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ื‘ืฉื "Dired".

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืชืืจ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ Emacs.


* ืœืกื™ื•ื
-------

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžึพEmacs ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ C-x C-c.

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืžืฆืืชื ืฉืžืฉื”ื•
ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืืœ ืชืฉื‘ื• ื•ืชืืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื -- ืชืชืœื•ื ื ื•!


* ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
--------------

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื• ืฆืืฆื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ึพEmacs, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื’ืจืกื”
ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืข"ื™ Stuart Cracraft ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ึพEmacs ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช.

ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื‘ื™ืœืช GNU Emacs. ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
ื•ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืขืชืงื” ื•ื”ืคืฆืช ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ:

                       Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

โ€GNU Emacs ื”ื™ื ื• ืชื›ื ื” ื—ืคืฉื™ืช; ื–ื›ื•ืชื›ื ืœื”ืคื™ืฆื• ื•\ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืชื ืื™
ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ GNU General Public License, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืข"ื™ Free
Software Foundation, ืื ื‘ื’ืจืกื 3 ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื (ื›ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืœื›ื)
ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ืจืกื ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

โ€GNU Emacs ืžื•ืคืฅ ืžืชื•ืš ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืขืœืช, ืื•ืœื ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช;
ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชึพื‘ืžืฉืชืžืข ืฉืœ ืกื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืื™ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช. ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื,
ืื ื ืขื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ึพGNU General Public License.

โ€GNU Emacs ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ GNU General Public License; ืื ืœื
ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื ืื•ืชื•, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ึพโ€ช<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>โ€ฌ.

ื”ื ื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ COPYING ื•ืื– ืื›ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืฉืœ GNU Emacs
ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื›ื. ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœื—ืกืœ ืืช "ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช" ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืืœื ื—ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื”,
ื•ื–ืืช ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช!



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