1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
|
;;; ipa-praat.el --- Inputting IPA characters with the conventions of Praat
;; Copyright (C) 2011-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;; Author: Oliver Scholz <epameinondas@gmx.de>
;; Keywords: multilingual, input method, IPA
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
;;; Commentary:
;; This is a new input method for IPA characters and diacritics, which follows
;; the conventions of Praat, a GPLed program for phonetic analysis.
;;
;; This input method is much more complete than the current ipa.el.
;;; Code:
(require 'quail)
(quail-define-package
"ipa-praat" "IPA" "IPAP" t
"International Phonetic Alphabet input method.
This follows the input method of the phonetic analysis program
Praat (http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/).
* Vowels
- Unrounded
| front | centr. | back
-------------+-------+--------+------
close | i i | ɨ \\i- | ɯ \\mt
close centr. | ɪ \\ic | |
close-mid | e e | ɘ \\e- | ɤ \\rh
| | ə \\sw |
open-mid | ɛ \\ef | ɜ \\er | ʌ \\vt
| æ \\ae | ɐ \\at |
open | a a | | ɑ \\as
- Rounded
| front | centr. | back
-------------+-------+--------+-------
close | y y | ʉ \\u- | u u
close centr. | ʏ \\yc | | ʊ \\hs
close-mid | ø \\o/ | ɵ \\o- | o o
open-mid | œ \\oe | ɞ \\kb | ɔ \\ct
open | ɶ \\Oe | | ɒ \\ab
For most of the codes, the first letter tells you the most
similar letter of the English alphabet. The second letter can be
t (turned), c (capital), s (script), r (reversed), - (barred or
retracted), or / (slashed). One symbol (ɛ) is a phonetic version
of a Greek letter. The codes for ə, ɤ, ʊ and ɞ are abbreviations
for schwa, ram's horn, horseshoe, and kidney bean.
* Consonants
- Pulmonic
| plos. | nasal | fric. | approx. | trill | tap/flap | l. appr.
-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+-------+----------+---------
bilabial | p p | m m | ɸ \\ff | | | |
| b b | | β \\bf | ʋ \\vs | ʙ \\bc | |
labiodent. | | ɱ \\mj | f f | | | |
| | | v v | | | |
dental | | | θ \\tf | | | |
| | | ð \\dh | | | |
alveolar | t t | n n | s s | | | ɾ \\fh |
| d d | | z z | ɹ \\rt | r r | | l l
alv. lat. | | | ɬ \\l- | | | ɺ \\rl |
| | | ɮ \\lz | l l | | | l l
postalv. | | | ʃ \\sh | | | |
| | | ʒ \\zh | | | |
retroflex | ʈ \\t. | ɳ \\n. | ʂ \\s. | | | ɽ \\f. |
| ɖ \\d. | | ʐ \\z. | ɻ \\r. | | | ɭ \\l.
alv.-pala. | | | ɕ \\cc | | | |
| | | ʑ \\zc | | | |
palatal | c c | ɲ \\nj | ç \\c, | | | |
| ɟ \\j. | | ʝ \\jc | j j | | | ʎ \\yt
lab.-pal. | | | | | | |
| | | | ɥ \\ht | | |
lab.-vela. | | | ʍ \\wt | | | |
| | | | w w | | |
velar | k k | ŋ \\ng | x x | | | | ʟ \\lc
| ɡ \\gs | | ɣ \\gf | ɰ \\ml | | |
uvular | q q | ɴ \\nc | χ \\cf | | | |
| ɢ \\gc | | ʁ \\ri | | ʀ \\rc | |
pharyngeal | | | ħ \\h- | | | |
| | | ʕ \\9e | | | |
epiglottal | ʡ \\?- | | ʜ \\hc | | | |
| | | ʢ \\9- | | | |
glottal | ʔ | | h h | | | |
| | | ɦ \\h^ | | | |
- Nonpulmonic
| implosive | click
----------+-----------+------
bilabial | ɓ \\b^ | ʘ \\O.
dental | | ǀ \\|1
alveolar | ɗ \\d^ |
alv.-lat. | | ǁ \\|2
postalv. | | ǂ \\|-
retrofl. | | ! !
palatal | ʄ \\j^ |
velar | ɠ \\g^ |
uvular | ʛ \\G^ |
For most of the codes, the first letter tells you the most
similar letter of the English alphabet. The second letter can
be t (turned), c (capital or curled), s (script), - (barred),
l (with leg), i (inverted), or j (left tail). Some phonetic
symbols are similar to Greek letters but have special
phonetic (f) versions with serifs (ɸ, β, ɣ) or are otherwise
slightly different (θ, χ). The codes for ŋ (engma), ð (eth),
ʃ (esh), and ʒ (yogh) are traditional alternative spellings.
The retroflexes have a period in the second place, because an
alternative traditional spelling is to write a dot under
them. The code for ɾ is an abbreviation for fishhook.
* Diacritics
- In line
input | example | description
------+---------+---------------------
\\:f | ː | phonetic length sign
\\'1 | ˈ | primary stress
\\'2 | ˌ | secondary stress
\\cn | t̚ | unreleased plosive
\\rh | ɜ˞ | rhotacized vowel
- Understrikes
input | example | description
------+---------+--------------------------------
\\|v | n̩ | syllabic consonant
\\0v | b̥ | voiceless
\\Tv | o̞ | lowered
\\T^ | o̝ | raised
\\T( | o̘ | advanced tongue root
\\T) | o̙ | retracted tongue root
\\-v | e̱ | backed
\\+v | o̟ | fronted
\\:v | o̤ | breathy voice
\\~v | o̰ | creaky voice
\\Nv | d̪ | dental (as opposed to alveolar)
\\Uv | d̺ | apical
\\Dv | d̻ | laminal
\\nv | u̯ | nonsyllabic
\\e3v | e̹ | slightly rounded
\\cv | u̜ | slightly unrounded
- Overstrikes
input | example | description
------+---------+--------------------------------------------
\\0^ | ɣ̊ | voiceless
\\'^ | | high tone
\\`^ | | low tone
\\-^ | | mid tone
\\~^ | | nasalized
\\v^ | | rising tone
\\^^ | | falling tone
\\:^ | | centralized
\\N^ | | short
\\li | k͡p | simultaneous articulation or single segment
"
nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)
(quail-define-rules
;; plosives
("\\t." ?ʈ) ; retroflex
("\\d." ?ɖ) ; voiced retroflex
("\\j-" ?ɟ) ; voiced palatal
("\\gs" ?ɡ) ; voiced velar
("\\gc" ?ɢ) ; voiced uvular
("\\?-" ?ʡ) ; epiglottal
("\\?g" ?ʔ) ; glottal
;; nasals
("\\mj" ?ɱ) ; labiodental
("\\n." ?ɳ) ; retroflex
("\\nj" ?ɲ) ; palatal
("\\ng" ?ŋ) ; velar
("\\nc" ?ɴ) ; uvular
;; fricatives
("\\ff" ?ɸ) ; bilabial
("\\bf" ?β) ; voiced bilabial
("\\tf" ?θ) ; labiodental
("\\dh" ?ð) ; voiced labiodental
("\\sh" ?ʃ) ; postalveolar
("\\l-" ?ɬ) ; alv. lateral
("\\lz" ?ɮ) ; voiced alv. lateral
("\\zh" ?ʒ) ; voiced postalveolar
("\\s." ?ʂ) ; retroflex
("\\z." ?ʐ) ; voiced retroflex
("\\cc" ?ɕ) ; alveolo-palatal
("\\zc" ?ʑ) ; voiced alveolo-palatal
("\\c," ?ç) ; palatal
("\\jc" ?ʝ) ; voiced palatal
("\\wt" ?ʍ) ; labial-velar
("\\gf" ?ɣ) ; voiced velar
("\\cf" ?χ) ; uvular
("\\ri" ?ʁ) ; voiced uvular
("\\h-" ?ħ) ; pharyngeal
("\\9e" ?ʕ) ; voiced pharyngeal
("\\hc" ?ʜ) ; epiglottal
("\\9-" ?ʢ) ; voiced epiglottal
("\\h^" ?ɦ) ; voiced glottal
;; approximants
("\\vs" ?ʋ) ; labiodental
("\\rt" ?ɹ) ; alveolar
("\\r." ?ɻ) ; retroflex
("\\ht" ?ɥ) ; labial-palatal
("\\ml" ?ɰ) ; velar
;; trills
("\\bc" ?ʙ) ; bilabial
("\\rc" ?ʀ) ; uvular
;; taps or flaps
; ⱱ -- labiodental
("\\fh" ?ɾ) ; alveolar
("\\rl" ?ɺ) ; alv.-lateral
("\\f." ?ɽ) ; retroflex
;; lateral approx.
("\\l." ?ɭ) ; retroflex
("\\yt" ?ʎ) ; palatal
("\\lc" ?ʟ) ; velar
;; implosives
("\\b^" ?ɓ) ; bilabial
("\\d^" ?ɗ) ; alveolar
("\\j^" ?ʄ) ; palatal
("\\g^" ?ɠ) ; velar
("\\G^" ?ʛ) ; uvular
;; clicks
("\\O." ?ʘ) ; bilabial
("\\|1" ?ǀ) ; dental
("\\|2" ?ǁ) ; alv. lateral
("\\|-" ?ǂ) ; postalveolar
;; other
("\\l~" ?ɫ) ; velarized l
("\\hj" ?ɧ) ; post-alveolar & velar fricative
;; vowels
("\\i-" ?ɨ)
("\\u-" ?ʉ)
("\\mt" ?ɯ)
("\\ic" ?ɪ)
("\\yc" ?ʏ)
("\\hs" ?ʊ)
("\\o/" ?ø)
("\\e-" ?ɘ)
("\\o-" ?ɵ)
("\\rh" ?ɤ)
("\\sw" ?ə)
("\\ef" ?ɛ)
("\\oe" ?œ)
("\\er" ?ɜ)
("\\kb" ?ɞ)
("\\vt" ?ʌ)
("\\ct" ?ɔ)
("\\ae" ?æ)
("\\at" ?ɐ)
("\\Oe" ?ɶ)
("\\as" ?ɑ)
("\\ab" ?ɒ)
("\\sr" ?ɚ)
;; diacritics
("\\:f" ?ː) ; phonetic length sign
("\\'1" ?ˈ) ; primary stress
("\\'2" ?ˌ) ; secondary stress
("\\cn" #x031A) ; t̚ unreleased plosive
("\\rh" #x02DE) ; ɜ˞ rhotacized vowel
("\\|v" #x0329) ; n̩ syllabic consonant
("\\0v" #x0325) ; b̥ voiceless
("\\Tv" #x031E) ; o̞ lowered
("\\T^" #x031D ) ; o̝ raised
("\\T(" #x0318) ; o̘ advanced tongue root
("\\T)" #x0319) ; o̙ retracted tongue root
("\\-v" #x0331) ; e̱ backed
("\\+v" #x031F) ; o̟ fronted
("\\:v" #x0324) ; o̤ breathy voice
("\\~v" #x0330) ; o̰ creaky voice
("\\Nv" #x032A) ; d̪ dental (as opposed to alveolar)
("\\Uv" #x033A) ; d̺ apical
("\\Dv" #x033B) ; d̻ laminal
("\\nv" #x032F) ; u̯ nonsyllabic
("\\e3v" #x0339) ; e̹ slightly rounded
("\\cv" #x031C) ; u̜ slightly unrounded
("\\0^" #x030A) ; ɣ̊ voiceless
("\\'^" #x0301) ; high tone
("\\`^" #x0300) ; low tone
("\\-^" #x0304) ; mid tone
("\\~^" #x0303) ; nasalized
("\\v^" #x030C) ; rising tone
("\\^^" #x0302) ; falling tone
("\\:^" #x0308) ; centralized
("\\N^" #x0306) ; short
("\\li" #x0361) ; k͡p simultaneous articulation or single segment
)
;; Local Variables:
;; coding: utf-8
;; End:
;;; ipa-praat.el ends here
|
