Imported from /home/lorry/working-area/delta_file/file-5.13.tar.gz.file-5.13baserock/morph

5 files changed, 2238 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/doc/Makefile.am b/doc/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a78589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+MAGIC	 = $(pkgdatadir)/magic
+if FSECT5
+man_MAGIC = magic.5
+else
+man_MAGIC = magic.4
+endif
+fsect = @fsect@
+man_MANS = file.1 $(man_MAGIC) libmagic.3
+
+EXTRA_DIST = file.man magic.man libmagic.man
+CLEANFILES = $(man_MANS)
+
+file.1:	Makefile file.man
+	@rm -f $@
+	sed -e s@__CSECTION__@1@g \
+	    -e s@__FSECTION__@${fsect}@g \
+	    -e s@__VERSION__@${VERSION}@g \
+	    -e s@__MAGIC__@${MAGIC}@g $(srcdir)/file.man > $@
+
+magic.${fsect}: Makefile magic.man
+	@rm -f $@
+	sed -e s@__CSECTION__@1@g \
+	    -e s@__FSECTION__@${fsect}@g \
+	    -e s@__VERSION__@${VERSION}@g \
+	    -e s@__MAGIC__@${MAGIC}@g $(srcdir)/magic.man > $@
+
+libmagic.3: Makefile libmagic.man
+	@rm -f $@
+	sed -e s@__CSECTION__@1@g \
+	    -e s@__FSECTION__@${fsect}@g \
+	    -e s@__VERSION__@${VERSION}@g \
+	    -e s@__MAGIC__@${MAGIC}@g $(srcdir)/libmagic.man > $@
diff --git a/doc/Makefile.in b/doc/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8aa8a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
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+
+# Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
+# 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009  Free Software Foundation,
+# Inc.
+# This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+# gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+# with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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+# even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
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+	case $$dist_files in \
+	  */*) $(MKDIR_P) `echo "$$dist_files" | \
+			   sed '/\//!d;s|^|$(distdir)/|;s,/[^/]*$$,,' | \
+			   sort -u` ;; \
+	esac; \
+	for file in $$dist_files; do \
+	  if test -f $$file || test -d $$file; then d=.; else d=$(srcdir); fi; \
+	  if test -d $$d/$$file; then \
+	    dir=`echo "/$$file" | sed -e 's,/[^/]*$$,,'`; \
+	    if test -d "$(distdir)/$$file"; then \
+	      find "$(distdir)/$$file" -type d ! -perm -700 -exec chmod u+rwx {} \;; \
+	    fi; \
+	    if test -d $(srcdir)/$$file && test $$d != $(srcdir); then \
+	      cp -fpR $(srcdir)/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	      find "$(distdir)/$$file" -type d ! -perm -700 -exec chmod u+rwx {} \;; \
+	    fi; \
+	    cp -fpR $$d/$$file "$(distdir)$$dir" || exit 1; \
+	  else \
+	    test -f "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || cp -p $$d/$$file "$(distdir)/$$file" \
+	    || exit 1; \
+	  fi; \
+	done
+check-am: all-am
+check: check-am
+all-am: Makefile $(MANS)
+installdirs:
+	for dir in "$(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man3dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man4dir)" "$(DESTDIR)$(man5dir)"; do \
+	  test -z "$$dir" || $(MKDIR_P) "$$dir"; \
+	done
+install: install-am
+install-exec: install-exec-am
+install-data: install-data-am
+uninstall: uninstall-am
+
+install-am: all-am
+	@$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) install-exec-am install-data-am
+
+installcheck: installcheck-am
+install-strip:
+	$(MAKE) $(AM_MAKEFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" \
+	  install_sh_PROGRAM="$(INSTALL_STRIP_PROGRAM)" INSTALL_STRIP_FLAG=-s \
+	  `test -z '$(STRIP)' || \
+	    echo "INSTALL_PROGRAM_ENV=STRIPPROG='$(STRIP)'"` install
+mostlyclean-generic:
+
+clean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(CLEANFILES)" || rm -f $(CLEANFILES)
+
+distclean-generic:
+	-test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_FILES)
+	-test . = "$(srcdir)" || test -z "$(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)" || rm -f $(CONFIG_CLEAN_VPATH_FILES)
+
+maintainer-clean-generic:
+	@echo "This command is intended for maintainers to use"
+	@echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
+clean: clean-am
+
+clean-am: clean-generic clean-libtool mostlyclean-am
+
+distclean: distclean-am
+	-rm -f Makefile
+distclean-am: clean-am distclean-generic
+
+dvi: dvi-am
+
+dvi-am:
+
+html: html-am
+
+html-am:
+
+info: info-am
+
+info-am:
+
+install-data-am: install-man
+
+install-dvi: install-dvi-am
+
+install-dvi-am:
+
+install-exec-am:
+
+install-html: install-html-am
+
+install-html-am:
+
+install-info: install-info-am
+
+install-info-am:
+
+install-man: install-man1 install-man3 install-man4 install-man5
+
+install-pdf: install-pdf-am
+
+install-pdf-am:
+
+install-ps: install-ps-am
+
+install-ps-am:
+
+installcheck-am:
+
+maintainer-clean: maintainer-clean-am
+	-rm -f Makefile
+maintainer-clean-am: distclean-am maintainer-clean-generic
+
+mostlyclean: mostlyclean-am
+
+mostlyclean-am: mostlyclean-generic mostlyclean-libtool
+
+pdf: pdf-am
+
+pdf-am:
+
+ps: ps-am
+
+ps-am:
+
+uninstall-am: uninstall-man
+
+uninstall-man: uninstall-man1 uninstall-man3 uninstall-man4 \
+	uninstall-man5
+
+.MAKE: install-am install-strip
+
+.PHONY: all all-am check check-am clean clean-generic clean-libtool \
+	distclean distclean-generic distclean-libtool distdir dvi \
+	dvi-am html html-am info info-am install install-am \
+	install-data install-data-am install-dvi install-dvi-am \
+	install-exec install-exec-am install-html install-html-am \
+	install-info install-info-am install-man install-man1 \
+	install-man3 install-man4 install-man5 install-pdf \
+	install-pdf-am install-ps install-ps-am install-strip \
+	installcheck installcheck-am installdirs maintainer-clean \
+	maintainer-clean-generic mostlyclean mostlyclean-generic \
+	mostlyclean-libtool pdf pdf-am ps ps-am uninstall uninstall-am \
+	uninstall-man uninstall-man1 uninstall-man3 uninstall-man4 \
+	uninstall-man5
+
+
+file.1:	Makefile file.man
+	@rm -f $@
+	sed -e s@__CSECTION__@1@g \
+	    -e s@__FSECTION__@${fsect}@g \
+	    -e s@__VERSION__@${VERSION}@g \
+	    -e s@__MAGIC__@${MAGIC}@g $(srcdir)/file.man > $@
+
+magic.${fsect}: Makefile magic.man
+	@rm -f $@
+	sed -e s@__CSECTION__@1@g \
+	    -e s@__FSECTION__@${fsect}@g \
+	    -e s@__VERSION__@${VERSION}@g \
+	    -e s@__MAGIC__@${MAGIC}@g $(srcdir)/magic.man > $@
+
+libmagic.3: Makefile libmagic.man
+	@rm -f $@
+	sed -e s@__CSECTION__@1@g \
+	    -e s@__FSECTION__@${fsect}@g \
+	    -e s@__VERSION__@${VERSION}@g \
+	    -e s@__MAGIC__@${MAGIC}@g $(srcdir)/libmagic.man > $@
+
+# Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables.
+# Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded.
+.NOEXPORT:
diff --git a/doc/file.man b/doc/file.man
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c424d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/file.man
@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+.\" $File: file.man,v 1.102 2013/01/04 15:39:22 christos Exp $
+.Dd October 25, 2012
+.Dt FILE __CSECTION__
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm file
+.Nd determine file type
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Bk -words
+.Op Fl bchiklLNnprsvz0
+.Op Fl Fl apple
+.Op Fl Fl mime-encoding
+.Op Fl Fl mime-type
+.Op Fl e Ar testname
+.Op Fl F Ar separator
+.Op Fl f Ar namefile
+.Op Fl m Ar magicfiles
+.Ar
+.Ek
+.Nm
+.Fl C
+.Op Fl m Ar magicfiles
+.Nm
+.Op Fl Fl help
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+This manual page documents version __VERSION__ of the
+.Nm
+command.
+.Pp
+.Nm
+tests each argument in an attempt to classify it.
+There are three sets of tests, performed in this order:
+filesystem tests, magic tests, and language tests.
+The
+.Em first
+test that succeeds causes the file type to be printed.
+.Pp
+The type printed will usually contain one of the words
+.Em text
+(the file contains only
+printing characters and a few common control
+characters and is probably safe to read on an
+.Dv ASCII
+terminal),
+.Em executable
+(the file contains the result of compiling a program
+in a form understandable to some
+.Tn UNIX
+kernel or another),
+or
+.Em data
+meaning anything else (data is usually
+.Dq binary
+or non-printable).
+Exceptions are well-known file formats (core files, tar archives)
+that are known to contain binary data.
+When modifying magic files or the program itself, make sure to
+.Em "preserve these keywords" .
+Users depend on knowing that all the readable files in a directory
+have the word
+.Dq text
+printed.
+Don't do as Berkeley did and change
+.Dq shell commands text
+to
+.Dq shell script .
+.Pp
+The filesystem tests are based on examining the return from a
+.Xr stat 2
+system call.
+The program checks to see if the file is empty,
+or if it's some sort of special file.
+Any known file types appropriate to the system you are running on
+(sockets, symbolic links, or named pipes (FIFOs) on those systems that
+implement them)
+are intuited if they are defined in the system header file
+.In sys/stat.h .
+.Pp
+The magic tests are used to check for files with data in
+particular fixed formats.
+The canonical example of this is a binary executable (compiled program)
+.Dv a.out
+file, whose format is defined in
+.In elf.h ,
+.In a.out.h
+and possibly
+.In exec.h
+in the standard include directory.
+These files have a
+.Dq "magic number"
+stored in a particular place
+near the beginning of the file that tells the
+.Tn UNIX
+operating system
+that the file is a binary executable, and which of several types thereof.
+The concept of a
+.Dq "magic"
+has been applied by extension to data files.
+Any file with some invariant identifier at a small fixed
+offset into the file can usually be described in this way.
+The information identifying these files is read from the compiled
+magic file
+.Pa __MAGIC__.mgc ,
+or the files in the directory
+.Pa __MAGIC__
+if the compiled file does not exist.
+In addition, if
+.Pa $HOME/.magic.mgc
+or
+.Pa $HOME/.magic
+exists, it will be used in preference to the system magic files.
+.Pp
+If a file does not match any of the entries in the magic file,
+it is examined to see if it seems to be a text file.
+ASCII, ISO-8859-x, non-ISO 8-bit extended-ASCII character sets
+(such as those used on Macintosh and IBM PC systems),
+UTF-8-encoded Unicode, UTF-16-encoded Unicode, and EBCDIC
+character sets can be distinguished by the different
+ranges and sequences of bytes that constitute printable text
+in each set.
+If a file passes any of these tests, its character set is reported.
+ASCII, ISO-8859-x, UTF-8, and extended-ASCII files are identified
+as
+.Dq text
+because they will be mostly readable on nearly any terminal;
+UTF-16 and EBCDIC are only
+.Dq character data
+because, while
+they contain text, it is text that will require translation
+before it can be read.
+In addition,
+.Nm
+will attempt to determine other characteristics of text-type files.
+If the lines of a file are terminated by CR, CRLF, or NEL, instead
+of the Unix-standard LF, this will be reported.
+Files that contain embedded escape sequences or overstriking
+will also be identified.
+.Pp
+Once
+.Nm
+has determined the character set used in a text-type file,
+it will
+attempt to determine in what language the file is written.
+The language tests look for particular strings (cf.
+.In names.h )
+that can appear anywhere in the first few blocks of a file.
+For example, the keyword
+.Em .br
+indicates that the file is most likely a
+.Xr troff 1
+input file, just as the keyword
+.Em struct
+indicates a C program.
+These tests are less reliable than the previous
+two groups, so they are performed last.
+The language test routines also test for some miscellany
+(such as
+.Xr tar 1
+archives).
+.Pp
+Any file that cannot be identified as having been written
+in any of the character sets listed above is simply said to be
+.Dq data .
+.Sh OPTIONS
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl b , Fl Fl brief
+Do not prepend filenames to output lines (brief mode).
+.It Fl C , Fl Fl compile
+Write a
+.Pa magic.mgc
+output file that contains a pre-parsed version of the magic file or directory.
+.It Fl c , Fl Fl checking-printout
+Cause a checking printout of the parsed form of the magic file.
+This is usually used in conjunction with the
+.Fl m
+flag to debug a new magic file before installing it.
+.It Fl e , Fl Fl exclude Ar testname
+Exclude the test named in
+.Ar testname
+from the list of tests made to determine the file type.
+Valid test names are:
+.Bl -tag -width compress
+.It apptype
+.Dv EMX
+application type (only on EMX).
+.It ascii
+Various types of text files (this test will try to guess the text
+encoding, irrespective of the setting of the
+.Sq encoding
+option).
+.It encoding
+Different text encodings for soft magic tests.
+.It tokens
+Ignored for backwards compatibility.
+.It cdf
+Prints details of Compound Document Files.
+.It compress
+Checks for, and looks inside, compressed files.
+.It elf
+Prints ELF file details.
+.It soft
+Consults magic files.
+.It tar
+Examines tar files.
+.El
+.It Fl F , Fl Fl separator Ar separator
+Use the specified string as the separator between the filename and the
+file result returned.
+Defaults to
+.Sq \&: .
+.It Fl f , Fl Fl files-from Ar namefile
+Read the names of the files to be examined from
+.Ar namefile
+(one per line)
+before the argument list.
+Either
+.Ar namefile
+or at least one filename argument must be present;
+to test the standard input, use
+.Sq -
+as a filename argument.
+Please note that 
+.Ar namefile 
+is unwrapped and the enclosed filenames are processed when this option is
+encountered and before any further options processing is done.
+This allows one to process multiple lists of files with different command line
+arguments on the same
+.Nm
+invocation.
+Thus if you want to set the delimiter, you need to do it before you specify
+the list of files, like:
+.Dq Fl F Ar @ Fl f Ar namefile ,
+instead of:
+.Dq Fl f Ar namefile Fl F Ar @ .
+.It Fl h , Fl Fl no-dereference
+option causes symlinks not to be followed
+(on systems that support symbolic links).
+This is the default if the environment variable
+.Dv POSIXLY_CORRECT
+is not defined.
+.It Fl i , Fl Fl mime
+Causes the file command to output mime type strings rather than the more
+traditional human readable ones.
+Thus it may say
+.Sq text/plain; charset=us-ascii
+rather than
+.Dq ASCII text .
+.It Fl Fl mime-type , Fl Fl mime-encoding
+Like
+.Fl i ,
+but print only the specified element(s).
+.It Fl k , Fl Fl keep-going
+Don't stop at the first match, keep going.
+Subsequent matches will be
+have the string
+.Sq "\[rs]012\- "
+prepended.
+(If you want a newline, see the
+.Fl r
+option.)
+The magic pattern with the highest strength (see the
+.Fl l
+option) comes first.
+.It Fl l , Fl Fl list
+Shows a list of patterns and their strength sorted descending by
+.Xr magic 4
+strength
+which is used for the matching (see also the
+.Fl k
+option).
+.It Fl L , Fl Fl dereference
+option causes symlinks to be followed, as the like-named option in
+.Xr ls 1
+(on systems that support symbolic links).
+This is the default if the environment variable
+.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
+is defined.
+.It Fl m , Fl Fl magic-file Ar magicfiles
+Specify an alternate list of files and directories containing magic.
+This can be a single item, or a colon-separated list.
+If a compiled magic file is found alongside a file or directory,
+it will be used instead.
+.It Fl N , Fl Fl no-pad
+Don't pad filenames so that they align in the output.
+.It Fl n , Fl Fl no-buffer
+Force stdout to be flushed after checking each file.
+This is only useful if checking a list of files.
+It is intended to be used by programs that want filetype output from a pipe.
+.It Fl p , Fl Fl preserve-date
+On systems that support
+.Xr utime 3
+or
+.Xr utimes 2 ,
+attempt to preserve the access time of files analyzed, to pretend that
+.Nm
+never read them.
+.It Fl r , Fl Fl raw
+Don't translate unprintable characters to \eooo.
+Normally
+.Nm
+translates unprintable characters to their octal representation.
+.It Fl s , Fl Fl special-files
+Normally,
+.Nm
+only attempts to read and determine the type of argument files which
+.Xr stat 2
+reports are ordinary files.
+This prevents problems, because reading special files may have peculiar
+consequences.
+Specifying the
+.Fl s
+option causes
+.Nm
+to also read argument files which are block or character special files.
+This is useful for determining the filesystem types of the data in raw
+disk partitions, which are block special files.
+This option also causes
+.Nm
+to disregard the file size as reported by
+.Xr stat 2
+since on some systems it reports a zero size for raw disk partitions.
+.It Fl v , Fl Fl version
+Print the version of the program and exit.
+.It Fl z , Fl Fl uncompress
+Try to look inside compressed files.
+.It Fl 0 , Fl Fl print0
+Output a null character
+.Sq \e0
+after the end of the filename.
+Nice to
+.Xr cut 1
+the output.
+This does not affect the separator which is still printed.
+.It Fl -help
+Print a help message and exit.
+.El
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width __MAGIC__.mgc -compact
+.It Pa __MAGIC__.mgc
+Default compiled list of magic.
+.It Pa __MAGIC__
+Directory containing default magic files.
+.El
+.Sh ENVIRONMENT
+The environment variable
+.Ev MAGIC
+can be used to set the default magic file name.
+If that variable is set, then
+.Nm
+will not attempt to open
+.Pa $HOME/.magic .
+.Nm
+adds
+.Dq Pa .mgc
+to the value of this variable as appropriate.
+However,
+.Pa file
+has to exist in order for
+.Pa file.mime
+to be considered.
+The environment variable
+.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
+controls (on systems that support symbolic links), whether
+.Nm
+will attempt to follow symlinks or not.
+If set, then
+.Nm
+follows symlink, otherwise it does not.
+This is also controlled by the
+.Fl L
+and
+.Fl h
+options.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr magic __FSECTION__ ,
+.Xr hexdump 1 ,
+.Xr od 1 ,
+.Xr strings 1 ,
+.Sh STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
+This program is believed to exceed the System V Interface Definition
+of FILE(CMD), as near as one can determine from the vague language
+contained therein.
+Its behavior is mostly compatible with the System V program of the same name.
+This version knows more magic, however, so it will produce
+different (albeit more accurate) output in many cases.
+.\" URL: http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/file.html
+.Pp
+The one significant difference
+between this version and System V
+is that this version treats any white space
+as a delimiter, so that spaces in pattern strings must be escaped.
+For example,
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+\*[Gt]10	string	language impress\ 	(imPRESS data)
+.Ed
+.Pp
+in an existing magic file would have to be changed to
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+\*[Gt]10	string	language\e impress	(imPRESS data)
+.Ed
+.Pp
+In addition, in this version, if a pattern string contains a backslash,
+it must be escaped.
+For example
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+0	string		\ebegindata	Andrew Toolkit document
+.Ed
+.Pp
+in an existing magic file would have to be changed to
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+0	string		\e\ebegindata	Andrew Toolkit document
+.Ed
+.Pp
+SunOS releases 3.2 and later from Sun Microsystems include a
+.Nm
+command derived from the System V one, but with some extensions.
+This version differs from Sun's only in minor ways.
+It includes the extension of the
+.Sq \*[Am]
+operator, used as,
+for example,
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+\*[Gt]16	long\*[Am]0x7fffffff	\*[Gt]0		not stripped
+.Ed
+.Sh MAGIC DIRECTORY
+The magic file entries have been collected from various sources,
+mainly USENET, and contributed by various authors.
+Christos Zoulas (address below) will collect additional
+or corrected magic file entries.
+A consolidation of magic file entries
+will be distributed periodically.
+.Pp
+The order of entries in the magic file is significant.
+Depending on what system you are using, the order that
+they are put together may be incorrect.
+If your old
+.Nm
+command uses a magic file,
+keep the old magic file around for comparison purposes
+(rename it to
+.Pa __MAGIC__.orig ) .
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ file file.c file /dev/{wd0a,hda}
+file.c:   C program text
+file:     ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV),
+          dynamically linked (uses shared libs), stripped
+/dev/wd0a: block special (0/0)
+/dev/hda: block special (3/0)
+
+$ file -s /dev/wd0{b,d}
+/dev/wd0b: data
+/dev/wd0d: x86 boot sector
+
+$ file -s /dev/hda{,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
+/dev/hda:   x86 boot sector
+/dev/hda1:  Linux/i386 ext2 filesystem
+/dev/hda2:  x86 boot sector
+/dev/hda3:  x86 boot sector, extended partition table
+/dev/hda4:  Linux/i386 ext2 filesystem
+/dev/hda5:  Linux/i386 swap file
+/dev/hda6:  Linux/i386 swap file
+/dev/hda7:  Linux/i386 swap file
+/dev/hda8:  Linux/i386 swap file
+/dev/hda9:  empty
+/dev/hda10: empty
+
+$ file -i file.c file /dev/{wd0a,hda}
+file.c:      text/x-c
+file:        application/x-executable
+/dev/hda:    application/x-not-regular-file
+/dev/wd0a:   application/x-not-regular-file
+
+.Ed
+.Sh HISTORY
+There has been a
+.Nm
+command in every
+.Dv UNIX since at least Research Version 4
+(man page dated November, 1973).
+The System V version introduced one significant major change:
+the external list of magic types.
+This slowed the program down slightly but made it a lot more flexible.
+.Pp
+This program, based on the System V version,
+was written by Ian Darwin
+.Aq ian@darwinsys.com
+without looking at anybody else's source code.
+.Pp
+John Gilmore revised the code extensively, making it better than
+the first version.
+Geoff Collyer found several inadequacies
+and provided some magic file entries.
+Contributions by the
+.Sq \*[Am]
+operator by Rob McMahon, 
+.Aq cudcv@warwick.ac.uk ,
+1989.
+.Pp
+Guy Harris, 
+.Aq guy@netapp.com ,
+made many changes from 1993 to the present.
+1989.
+.Pp
+Primary development and maintenance from 1990 to the present by
+Christos Zoulas
+.Aq christos@astron.com .
+.Pp
+Altered by Chris Lowth
+.Aq chris@lowth.com ,
+2000: handle the
+.Fl i
+option to output mime type strings, using an alternative
+magic file and internal logic.
+.Pp
+Altered by Eric Fischer
+.Aq enf@pobox.com ,
+July, 2000,
+to identify character codes and attempt to identify the languages
+of non-ASCII files.
+.Pp
+Altered by Reuben Thomas
+.Aq rrt@sc3d.org ,
+2007-2011, to improve MIME support, merge MIME and non-MIME magic,
+support directories as well as files of magic, apply many bug fixes,
+update and fix a lot of magic, improve the build system, improve the
+documentation, and rewrite the Python bindings in pure Python.
+.Pp
+The list of contributors to the
+.Sq magic
+directory (magic files)
+is too long to include here.
+You know who you are; thank you.
+Many contributors are listed in the source files.
+.Sh LEGAL NOTICE
+Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, Toronto, Canada, 1986-1999.
+Covered by the standard Berkeley Software Distribution copyright; see the file
+COPYING in the source distribution.
+.Pp
+The files
+.Pa tar.h
+and
+.Pa is_tar.c
+were written by John Gilmore from his public-domain
+.Xr tar 1
+program, and are not covered by the above license.
+.Sh RETURN CODE
+.Nm
+returns 0 on success, and non-zero on error.
+.Sh BUGS
+.Pp
+Please report bugs and send patches to the bug tracker at
+.Pa http://bugs.gw.com/
+or the mailing list at
+.Aq file@mx.gw.com .
+.Sh TODO
+.Pp
+Fix output so that tests for MIME and APPLE flags are not needed all
+over the place, and actual output is only done in one place.
+This needs a design.
+Suggestion: push possible outputs on to a list, then pick the
+last-pushed (most specific, one hopes) value at the end, or
+use a default if the list is empty.
+This should not slow down evaluation.
+.Pp
+Continue to squash all magic bugs.
+See Debian BTS for a good source.
+.Pp
+Store arbitrarily long strings, for example for %s patterns, so that
+they can be printed out.
+Fixes Debian bug #271672.
+Would require more complex store/load code in apprentice.
+.Pp
+Add syntax for relative offsets after current level (Debian bug #466037).
+.Pp
+Make file -ki work, i.e. give multiple MIME types.
+.Pp
+Add a zip library so we can peek inside Office2007 documents to
+figure out what they are.
+.Pp
+Add an option to print URLs for the sources of the file descriptions.
+.Pp
+Combine script searches and add a way to map executable names to MIME
+types (e.g. have a magic value for !:mime which causes the resulting
+string to be looked up in a table).
+This would avoid adding the same magic repeatedly for each new
+hash-bang interpreter.
+.Pp
+Fix
+.Dq name
+and
+.Dq use
+to check for consistency at compile time (duplicate 
+.Dq name ,
+.Dq use
+pointing to undefined
+.Dq name
+).
+Make 
+.Dq name
+/
+.Dq use 
+more efficient by keeping a sorted list of names.
+Special-case ^ to flip endianness in the parser so that it does not
+have to be escaped, and document it.
+.Sh AVAILABILITY
+You can obtain the original author's latest version by anonymous FTP
+on
+.Pa ftp.astron.com
+in the directory
+.Pa /pub/file/file-X.YZ.tar.gz .
diff --git a/doc/libmagic.man b/doc/libmagic.man
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8a9003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/libmagic.man
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+.\" $File: libmagic.man,v 1.27 2013/01/06 20:56:52 christos Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) Christos Zoulas 2003.
+.\" All Rights Reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice immediately at the beginning of the file, without modification,
+.\"    this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+.\" ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd January 6, 2012
+.Dt LIBMAGIC 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm magic_open ,
+.Nm magic_close ,
+.Nm magic_error ,
+.Nm magic_descriptor ,
+.Nm magic_buffer ,
+.Nm magic_setflags ,
+.Nm magic_check ,
+.Nm magic_compile ,
+.Nm magic_list ,
+.Nm magic_load ,
+.Nm magic_version
+.Nd Magic number recognition library
+.Sh LIBRARY
+.Lb libmagic
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In magic.h
+.Ft magic_t
+.Fn magic_open "int flags"
+.Ft void
+.Fn magic_close "magic_t cookie"
+.Ft const char *
+.Fn magic_error "magic_t cookie"
+.Ft int
+.Fn magic_errno "magic_t cookie"
+.Ft const char *
+.Fn magic_descriptor "magic_t cookie" "int fd"
+.Ft const char *
+.Fn magic_file "magic_t cookie" "const char *filename"
+.Ft const char *
+.Fn magic_buffer "magic_t cookie" "const void *buffer" "size_t length"
+.Ft int
+.Fn magic_setflags "magic_t cookie" "int flags"
+.Ft int
+.Fn magic_check "magic_t cookie" "const char *filename"
+.Ft int
+.Fn magic_compile "magic_t cookie" "const char *filename"
+.Ft int
+.Fn magic_list "magic_t cookie" "const char *filename"
+.Ft int
+.Fn magic_load "magic_t cookie" "const char *filename"
+.Ft int
+.Fn magic_version "void"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+These functions
+operate on the magic database file
+which is described
+in
+.Xr magic __FSECTION__ .
+.Pp
+The function
+.Fn magic_open
+creates a magic cookie pointer and returns it.
+It returns
+.Dv NULL
+if there was an error allocating the magic cookie.
+The
+.Ar flags
+argument specifies how the other magic functions should behave:
+.Bl -tag -width MAGIC_COMPRESS
+.It Dv MAGIC_NONE
+No special handling.
+.It Dv MAGIC_DEBUG
+Print debugging messages to stderr.
+.It Dv MAGIC_SYMLINK
+If the file queried is a symlink, follow it.
+.It Dv MAGIC_COMPRESS
+If the file is compressed, unpack it and look at the contents.
+.It Dv MAGIC_DEVICES
+If the file is a block or character special device, then open the device
+and try to look in its contents.
+.It Dv MAGIC_MIME_TYPE
+Return a MIME type string, instead of a textual description.
+.It Dv MAGIC_MIME_ENCODING
+Return a MIME encoding, instead of a textual description.
+.It Dv MAGIC_MIME
+A shorthand for MAGIC_MIME_TYPE | MAGIC_MIME_ENCODING.
+.It Dv MAGIC_CONTINUE
+Return all matches, not just the first.
+.It Dv MAGIC_CHECK
+Check the magic database for consistency and print warnings to stderr.
+.It Dv MAGIC_PRESERVE_ATIME
+On systems that support
+.Xr utime 3
+or
+.Xr utimes 2 ,
+attempt to preserve the access time of files analysed.
+.It Dv MAGIC_RAW
+Don't translate unprintable characters to a \eooo octal representation.
+.It Dv MAGIC_ERROR
+Treat operating system errors while trying to open files and follow symlinks
+as real errors, instead of printing them in the magic buffer.
+.It Dv MAGIC_APPLE
+Return the Apple creator and type.
+.It Dv MAGIC_NO_CHECK_APPTYPE
+Don't check for
+.Dv EMX
+application type (only on EMX).
+.It Dv MAGIC_NO_CHECK_CDF
+Don't get extra information on MS Composite Document Files.
+.It Dv MAGIC_NO_CHECK_COMPRESS
+Don't look inside compressed files.
+.It Dv MAGIC_NO_CHECK_ELF
+Don't print ELF details.
+.It Dv MAGIC_NO_CHECK_ENCODING
+Don't check text encodings.
+.It Dv MAGIC_NO_CHECK_SOFT
+Don't consult magic files.
+.It Dv MAGIC_NO_CHECK_TAR
+Don't examine tar files.
+.It Dv MAGIC_NO_CHECK_TEXT
+Don't check for various types of text files.
+.It Dv MAGIC_NO_CHECK_TOKENS
+Don't look for known tokens inside ascii files.
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_close
+function closes the
+.Xr magic __FSECTION__
+database and deallocates any resources used.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_error
+function returns a textual explanation of the last error, or
+.Dv NULL
+if there was no error.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_errno
+function returns the last operating system error number
+.Pq Xr errno 2
+that was encountered by a system call.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_file
+function returns a textual description of the contents of the
+.Ar filename
+argument, or
+.Dv NULL
+if an error occurred.
+If the
+.Ar filename
+is
+.Dv NULL ,
+then stdin is used.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_descriptor
+function returns a textual description of the contents of the
+.Ar fd
+argument, or
+.Dv NULL
+if an error occurred.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_buffer
+function returns a textual description of the contents of the
+.Ar buffer
+argument with
+.Ar length
+bytes size.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_setflags
+function sets the
+.Ar flags
+described above.
+Note that using both MIME flags together can also
+return extra information on the charset.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_check
+function can be used to check the validity of entries in the colon
+separated database files passed in as
+.Ar filename ,
+or
+.Dv NULL
+for the default database.
+It returns 0 on success and \-1 on failure.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_compile
+function can be used to compile the the colon
+separated list of database files passed in as
+.Ar filename ,
+or
+.Dv NULL
+for the default database.
+It returns 0 on success and \-1 on failure.
+The compiled files created are named from the
+.Xr basename 1
+of each file argument with
+.Dq .mgc
+appended to it.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_list
+function dumps all magic entries in a human readable format,
+dumping first the entries that are matched against binary files and then the
+ones that match text files.
+It takes and optional
+.Fa filename
+argument which is a colon separated list of database files, or
+.Dv NULL
+for the default database.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_load
+function must be used to load the the colon
+separated list of database files passed in as
+.Ar filename ,
+or
+.Dv NULL
+for the default database file before any magic queries can performed.
+.Pp
+The default database file is named by the MAGIC environment variable.
+If that variable is not set, the default database file name is __MAGIC__.
+.Fn magic_load
+adds
+.Dq .mgc
+to the database filename as appropriate.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn magic_version
+command returns the version number of this library which is compiled into
+the shared library using the constant
+.Dv MAGIC_VERSION
+from
+.In magic.h .
+This can be used by client programs to verify that the version they compile
+against is the same as the version that they run against.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The function
+.Fn magic_open
+returns a magic cookie on success and
+.Dv NULL
+on failure setting errno to an appropriate value.
+It will set errno to
+.Er EINVAL
+if an unsupported value for flags was given.
+The
+.Fn magic_list ,
+.Fn magic_load ,
+.Fn magic_compile ,
+and
+.Fn magic_check
+functions return 0 on success and \-1 on failure.
+The
+.Fn magic_buffer ,
+.Fn magic_getpath ,
+and
+.Fn magic_file ,
+functions return a string on success and
+.Dv NULL
+on failure.
+The
+.Fn magic_error
+function returns a textual description of the errors of the above
+functions, or
+.Dv NULL
+if there was no error.
+The
+.Fn magic_version
+always returns the version number of the library.
+Finally,
+.Fn magic_setflags
+returns \-1 on systems that don't support
+.Xr utime 3 ,
+or
+.Xr utimes 2
+when
+.Dv MAGIC_PRESERVE_ATIME
+is set.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width __MAGIC__.mgc -compact
+.It Pa __MAGIC__
+The non-compiled default magic database.
+.It Pa __MAGIC__.mgc
+The compiled default magic database.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr file __CSECTION__ ,
+.Xr magic __FSECTION__
+.Sh AUTHORS
+.An M\(oans Rullg\(oard
+Initial libmagic implementation, and configuration.
+.An Christos Zoulas
+API cleanup, error code and allocation handling.
diff --git a/doc/magic.man b/doc/magic.man
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d83603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/magic.man
@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+.\" $File: magic.man,v 1.78 2013/01/09 13:04:30 christos Exp $
+.Dd January 7, 2013
+.Dt MAGIC __FSECTION__
+.Os
+.\" install as magic.4 on USG, magic.5 on V7, Berkeley and Linux systems.
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm magic
+.Nd file command's magic pattern file
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+This manual page documents the format of the magic file as
+used by the
+.Xr file __CSECTION__
+command, version __VERSION__.
+The
+.Xr file __CSECTION__
+command identifies the type of a file using,
+among other tests,
+a test for whether the file contains certain
+.Dq "magic patterns" .
+The file
+.Pa __MAGIC__
+specifies what patterns are to be tested for, what message or
+MIME type to print if a particular pattern is found,
+and additional information to extract from the file.
+.Pp
+Each line of the file specifies a test to be performed.
+A test compares the data starting at a particular offset
+in the file with a byte value, a string or a numeric value.
+If the test succeeds, a message is printed.
+The line consists of the following fields:
+.Bl -tag -width ".Dv message"
+.It Dv offset
+A number specifying the offset, in bytes, into the file of the data
+which is to be tested.
+.It Dv type
+The type of the data to be tested.
+The possible values are:
+.Bl -tag -width ".Dv lestring16"
+.It Dv byte
+A one-byte value.
+.It Dv short
+A two-byte value in this machine's native byte order.
+.It Dv long
+A four-byte value in this machine's native byte order.
+.It Dv quad
+An eight-byte value in this machine's native byte order.
+.It Dv float
+A 32-bit single precision IEEE floating point number in this machine's native byte order.
+.It Dv double
+A 64-bit double precision IEEE floating point number in this machine's native byte order.
+.It Dv string
+A string of bytes.
+The string type specification can be optionally followed
+by /[WwcCtbT]*.
+The
+.Dq W
+flag compacts whitespace in the target, which must
+contain at least one whitespace character.
+If the magic has
+.Dv n
+consecutive blanks, the target needs at least
+.Dv n
+consecutive blanks to match.
+The
+.Dq w
+flag treats every blank in the magic as an optional blank.
+The
+.Dq c
+flag specifies case insensitive matching: lower case
+characters in the magic match both lower and upper case characters in the
+target, whereas upper case characters in the magic only match upper case
+characters in the target.
+The
+.Dq C
+flag specifies case insensitive matching: upper case
+characters in the magic match both lower and upper case characters in the
+target, whereas lower case characters in the magic only match upper case
+characters in the target.
+To do a complete case insensitive match, specify both
+.Dq c
+and
+.Dq C .
+The
+.Dq t
+flag forces the test to be done for text files, while the
+.Dq b
+flag forces the test to be done for binary files.
+The
+.Dq T
+flag causes the string to be trimmed, i.e. leading and trailing whitespace
+is deleted before the string is printed.
+.It Dv pstring
+A Pascal-style string where the first byte/short/int is interpreted as the
+unsigned length.
+The length defaults to byte and can be specified as a modifier.
+The following modifiers are supported:
+.Bl -tag -compact -width B
+.It B
+A byte length (default).
+.It H
+A 2 byte big endian length.
+.It h
+A 2 byte big little length.
+.It L
+A 4 byte big endian length.
+.It l
+A 4 byte big little length.
+.It J
+The length includes itself in its count.
+.El
+The string is not NUL terminated.
+.Dq J
+is used rather than the more
+valuable
+.Dq I
+because this type of length is a feature of the JPEG
+format.
+.It Dv date
+A four-byte value interpreted as a UNIX date.
+.It Dv qdate
+A eight-byte value interpreted as a UNIX date.
+.It Dv ldate
+A four-byte value interpreted as a UNIX-style date, but interpreted as
+local time rather than UTC.
+.It Dv qldate
+An eight-byte value interpreted as a UNIX-style date, but interpreted as
+local time rather than UTC.
+.It Dv qwdate
+An eight-byte value interpreted as a Windows-style date.
+.It Dv beid3
+A 32-bit ID3 length in big-endian byte order.
+.It Dv beshort
+A two-byte value in big-endian byte order.
+.It Dv belong
+A four-byte value in big-endian byte order.
+.It Dv bequad
+An eight-byte value in big-endian byte order.
+.It Dv befloat
+A 32-bit single precision IEEE floating point number in big-endian byte order.
+.It Dv bedouble
+A 64-bit double precision IEEE floating point number in big-endian byte order.
+.It Dv bedate
+A four-byte value in big-endian byte order,
+interpreted as a Unix date.
+.It Dv beqdate
+An eight-byte value in big-endian byte order,
+interpreted as a Unix date.
+.It Dv beldate
+A four-byte value in big-endian byte order,
+interpreted as a UNIX-style date, but interpreted as local time rather
+than UTC.
+.It Dv beqldate
+An eight-byte value in big-endian byte order,
+interpreted as a UNIX-style date, but interpreted as local time rather
+than UTC.
+.It Dv beqwdate
+An eight-byte value in big-endian byte order,
+interpreted as a Windows-style date.
+.It Dv bestring16
+A two-byte unicode (UCS16) string in big-endian byte order.
+.It Dv leid3
+A 32-bit ID3 length in little-endian byte order.
+.It Dv leshort
+A two-byte value in little-endian byte order.
+.It Dv lelong
+A four-byte value in little-endian byte order.
+.It Dv lequad
+An eight-byte value in little-endian byte order.
+.It Dv lefloat
+A 32-bit single precision IEEE floating point number in little-endian byte order.
+.It Dv ledouble
+A 64-bit double precision IEEE floating point number in little-endian byte order.
+.It Dv ledate
+A four-byte value in little-endian byte order,
+interpreted as a UNIX date.
+.It Dv leqdate
+An eight-byte value in little-endian byte order,
+interpreted as a UNIX date.
+.It Dv leldate
+A four-byte value in little-endian byte order,
+interpreted as a UNIX-style date, but interpreted as local time rather
+than UTC.
+.It Dv leqldate
+An eight-byte value in little-endian byte order,
+interpreted as a UNIX-style date, but interpreted as local time rather
+than UTC.
+.It Dv leqwdate
+An eight-byte value in little-endian byte order,
+interpreted as a Windows-style date.
+.It Dv lestring16
+A two-byte unicode (UCS16) string in little-endian byte order.
+.It Dv melong
+A four-byte value in middle-endian (PDP-11) byte order.
+.It Dv medate
+A four-byte value in middle-endian (PDP-11) byte order,
+interpreted as a UNIX date.
+.It Dv meldate
+A four-byte value in middle-endian (PDP-11) byte order,
+interpreted as a UNIX-style date, but interpreted as local time rather
+than UTC.
+.It Dv indirect
+Starting at the given offset, consult the magic database again.
+.It Dv name
+Define a
+.Dq named
+magic instance that can be called from another
+.Dv use
+magic entry, like a subroutine call.
+Named instance direct magic offsets are relative to the offset of the
+previous matched entry, but indirect offsets are relative to the beginning
+of the file as usual.
+Named magic entries always match.
+.It Dv use
+Recursively call the named magic starting from the current offset.
+If the name of the referenced begins with a
+.Dv ^
+then the endianness of the magic is switched; if the magic mentioned
+.Dv leshort
+for example,
+it is treated as
+.Dv beshort
+and vice versa.
+This is useful to avoid duplicating the rules for different endianness.
+.It Dv regex
+A regular expression match in extended POSIX regular expression syntax
+(like egrep).
+Regular expressions can take exponential time to process, and their
+performance is hard to predict, so their use is discouraged.
+When used in production environments, their performance
+should be carefully checked.
+The type specification can be optionally followed by
+.Dv /[c][s] .
+The
+.Dq c
+flag makes the match case insensitive, while the
+.Dq s
+flag update the offset to the start offset of the match, rather than the end.
+The regular expression is tested against line
+.Dv N + 1
+onwards, where
+.Dv N
+is the given offset.
+Line endings are assumed to be in the machine's native format.
+.Dv ^
+and
+.Dv $
+match the beginning and end of individual lines, respectively,
+not beginning and end of file.
+.It Dv search
+A literal string search starting at the given offset.
+The same modifier flags can be used as for string patterns.
+The modifier flags (if any) must be followed by
+.Dv /number
+the range, that is, the number of positions at which the match will be
+attempted, starting from the start offset.
+This is suitable for
+searching larger binary expressions with variable offsets, using
+.Dv \e
+escapes for special characters.
+The offset works as for regex.
+.It Dv default
+This is intended to be used with the test
+.Em x
+(which is always true) and a message that is to be used if there are
+no other matches.
+.El
+.Pp
+For compatibility with the Single
+.Ux
+Standard, the type specifiers
+.Dv dC
+and
+.Dv d1
+are equivalent to
+.Dv byte ,
+the type specifiers
+.Dv uC
+and
+.Dv u1
+are equivalent to
+.Dv ubyte ,
+the type specifiers
+.Dv dS
+and
+.Dv d2
+are equivalent to
+.Dv short ,
+the type specifiers
+.Dv uS
+and
+.Dv u2
+are equivalent to
+.Dv ushort ,
+the type specifiers
+.Dv dI ,
+.Dv dL ,
+and
+.Dv d4
+are equivalent to
+.Dv long ,
+the type specifiers
+.Dv uI ,
+.Dv uL ,
+and
+.Dv u4
+are equivalent to
+.Dv ulong ,
+the type specifier
+.Dv d8
+is equivalent to
+.Dv quad ,
+the type specifier
+.Dv u8
+is equivalent to
+.Dv uquad ,
+and the type specifier
+.Dv s
+is equivalent to
+.Dv string .
+In addition, the type specifier
+.Dv dQ
+is equivalent to
+.Dv quad
+and the type specifier
+.Dv uQ
+is equivalent to
+.Dv uquad .
+.Pp
+Each top-level magic pattern (see below for an explanation of levels)
+is classified as text or binary according to the types used.
+Types
+.Dq regex
+and
+.Dq search
+are classified as text tests, unless non-printable characters are used
+in the pattern.
+All other tests are classified as binary.
+A top-level
+pattern is considered to be a test text when all its patterns are text
+patterns; otherwise, it is considered to be a binary pattern.
+When
+matching a file, binary patterns are tried first; if no match is
+found, and the file looks like text, then its encoding is determined
+and the text patterns are tried.
+.Pp
+The numeric types may optionally be followed by
+.Dv \*[Am]
+and a numeric value,
+to specify that the value is to be AND'ed with the
+numeric value before any comparisons are done.
+Prepending a
+.Dv u
+to the type indicates that ordered comparisons should be unsigned.
+.It Dv test
+The value to be compared with the value from the file.
+If the type is
+numeric, this value
+is specified in C form; if it is a string, it is specified as a C string
+with the usual escapes permitted (e.g. \en for new-line).
+.Pp
+Numeric values
+may be preceded by a character indicating the operation to be performed.
+It may be
+.Dv = ,
+to specify that the value from the file must equal the specified value,
+.Dv \*[Lt] ,
+to specify that the value from the file must be less than the specified
+value,
+.Dv \*[Gt] ,
+to specify that the value from the file must be greater than the specified
+value,
+.Dv \*[Am] ,
+to specify that the value from the file must have set all of the bits
+that are set in the specified value,
+.Dv ^ ,
+to specify that the value from the file must have clear any of the bits
+that are set in the specified value, or
+.Dv ~ ,
+the value specified after is negated before tested.
+.Dv x ,
+to specify that any value will match.
+If the character is omitted, it is assumed to be
+.Dv = .
+Operators
+.Dv \*[Am] ,
+.Dv ^ ,
+and
+.Dv ~
+don't work with floats and doubles.
+The operator
+.Dv !\&
+specifies that the line matches if the test does
+.Em not
+succeed.
+.Pp
+Numeric values are specified in C form; e.g.
+.Dv 13
+is decimal,
+.Dv 013
+is octal, and
+.Dv 0x13
+is hexadecimal.
+.Pp
+For string values, the string from the
+file must match the specified string.
+The operators
+.Dv = ,
+.Dv \*[Lt]
+and
+.Dv \*[Gt]
+(but not
+.Dv \*[Am] )
+can be applied to strings.
+The length used for matching is that of the string argument
+in the magic file.
+This means that a line can match any non-empty string (usually used to
+then print the string), with
+.Em \*[Gt]\e0
+(because all non-empty strings are greater than the empty string).
+.Pp
+The special test
+.Em x
+always evaluates to true.
+.It Dv message
+The message to be printed if the comparison succeeds.
+If the string contains a
+.Xr printf 3
+format specification, the value from the file (with any specified masking
+performed) is printed using the message as the format string.
+If the string begins with
+.Dq \eb ,
+the message printed is the remainder of the string with no whitespace
+added before it: multiple matches are normally separated by a single
+space.
+.El
+.Pp
+An APPLE 4+4 character APPLE creator and type can be specified as:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+!:apple	CREATYPE
+.Ed
+.Pp
+A MIME type is given on a separate line, which must be the next
+non-blank or comment line after the magic line that identifies the
+file type, and has the following format:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+!:mime	MIMETYPE
+.Ed
+.Pp
+i.e. the literal string
+.Dq !:mime
+followed by the MIME type.
+.Pp
+An optional strength can be supplied on a separate line which refers to
+the current magic description using the following format:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+!:strength OP VALUE
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The operand
+.Dv OP
+can be:
+.Dv + ,
+.Dv - ,
+.Dv * ,
+or
+.Dv /
+and
+.Dv VALUE
+is a constant between 0 and 255.
+This constant is applied using the specified operand
+to the currently computed default magic strength.
+.Pp
+Some file formats contain additional information which is to be printed
+along with the file type or need additional tests to determine the true
+file type.
+These additional tests are introduced by one or more
+.Em \*[Gt]
+characters preceding the offset.
+The number of
+.Em \*[Gt]
+on the line indicates the level of the test; a line with no
+.Em \*[Gt]
+at the beginning is considered to be at level 0.
+Tests are arranged in a tree-like hierarchy:
+if the test on a line at level
+.Em n
+succeeds, all following tests at level
+.Em n+1
+are performed, and the messages printed if the tests succeed, until a line
+with level
+.Em n
+(or less) appears.
+For more complex files, one can use empty messages to get just the
+"if/then" effect, in the following way:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+0      string   MZ
+\*[Gt]0x18  leshort  \*[Lt]0x40   MS-DOS executable
+\*[Gt]0x18  leshort  \*[Gt]0x3f   extended PC executable (e.g., MS Windows)
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Offsets do not need to be constant, but can also be read from the file
+being examined.
+If the first character following the last
+.Em \*[Gt]
+is a
+.Em \&(
+then the string after the parenthesis is interpreted as an indirect offset.
+That means that the number after the parenthesis is used as an offset in
+the file.
+The value at that offset is read, and is used again as an offset
+in the file.
+Indirect offsets are of the form:
+.Em (( x [.[bislBISL]][+\-][ y ]) .
+The value of
+.Em x
+is used as an offset in the file.
+A byte, id3 length, short or long is read at that offset depending on the
+.Em [bislBISLm]
+type specifier.
+The capitalized types interpret the number as a big endian
+value, whereas the small letter versions interpret the number as a little
+endian value;
+the
+.Em m
+type interprets the number as a middle endian (PDP-11) value.
+To that number the value of
+.Em y
+is added and the result is used as an offset in the file.
+The default type if one is not specified is long.
+.Pp
+That way variable length structures can be examined:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+# MS Windows executables are also valid MS-DOS executables
+0           string  MZ
+\*[Gt]0x18       leshort \*[Lt]0x40   MZ executable (MS-DOS)
+# skip the whole block below if it is not an extended executable
+\*[Gt]0x18       leshort \*[Gt]0x3f
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt](0x3c.l)  string  PE\e0\e0  PE executable (MS-Windows)
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt](0x3c.l)  string  LX\e0\e0  LX executable (OS/2)
+.Ed
+.Pp
+This strategy of examining has a drawback: You must make sure that
+you eventually print something, or users may get empty output (like, when
+there is neither PE\e0\e0 nor LE\e0\e0 in the above example)
+.Pp
+If this indirect offset cannot be used directly, simple calculations are
+possible: appending
+.Em [+-*/%\*[Am]|^]number
+inside parentheses allows one to modify
+the value read from the file before it is used as an offset:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+# MS Windows executables are also valid MS-DOS executables
+0           string  MZ
+# sometimes, the value at 0x18 is less that 0x40 but there's still an
+# extended executable, simply appended to the file
+\*[Gt]0x18       leshort \*[Lt]0x40
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt](4.s*512) leshort 0x014c  COFF executable (MS-DOS, DJGPP)
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt](4.s*512) leshort !0x014c MZ executable (MS-DOS)
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Sometimes you do not know the exact offset as this depends on the length or
+position (when indirection was used before) of preceding fields.
+You can specify an offset relative to the end of the last up-level
+field using
+.Sq \*[Am]
+as a prefix to the offset:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+0           string  MZ
+\*[Gt]0x18       leshort \*[Gt]0x3f
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt](0x3c.l)  string  PE\e0\e0    PE executable (MS-Windows)
+# immediately following the PE signature is the CPU type
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Am]0       leshort 0x14c     for Intel 80386
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Am]0       leshort 0x184     for DEC Alpha
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Indirect and relative offsets can be combined:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+0             string  MZ
+\*[Gt]0x18         leshort \*[Lt]0x40
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt](4.s*512)   leshort !0x014c MZ executable (MS-DOS)
+# if it's not COFF, go back 512 bytes and add the offset taken
+# from byte 2/3, which is yet another way of finding the start
+# of the extended executable
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Am](2.s-514) string  LE      LE executable (MS Windows VxD driver)
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Or the other way around:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+0                 string  MZ
+\*[Gt]0x18             leshort \*[Gt]0x3f
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt](0x3c.l)        string  LE\e0\e0  LE executable (MS-Windows)
+# at offset 0x80 (-4, since relative offsets start at the end
+# of the up-level match) inside the LE header, we find the absolute
+# offset to the code area, where we look for a specific signature
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt](\*[Am]0x7c.l+0x26) string  UPX     \eb, UPX compressed
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Or even both!
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+0                string  MZ
+\*[Gt]0x18            leshort \*[Gt]0x3f
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt](0x3c.l)       string  LE\e0\e0 LE executable (MS-Windows)
+# at offset 0x58 inside the LE header, we find the relative offset
+# to a data area where we look for a specific signature
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Am](\*[Am]0x54.l-3)  string  UNACE  \eb, ACE self-extracting archive
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Finally, if you have to deal with offset/length pairs in your file, even the
+second value in a parenthesized expression can be taken from the file itself,
+using another set of parentheses.
+Note that this additional indirect offset is always relative to the
+start of the main indirect offset.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+0                 string       MZ
+\*[Gt]0x18             leshort      \*[Gt]0x3f
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt](0x3c.l)        string       PE\e0\e0 PE executable (MS-Windows)
+# search for the PE section called ".idata"...
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Am]0xf4          search/0x140 .idata
+# ...and go to the end of it, calculated from start+length;
+# these are located 14 and 10 bytes after the section name
+\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt]\*[Gt](\*[Am]0xe.l+(-4)) string       PK\e3\e4 \eb, ZIP self-extracting archive
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr file __CSECTION__
+\- the command that reads this file.
+.Sh BUGS
+The formats
+.Dv long ,
+.Dv belong ,
+.Dv lelong ,
+.Dv melong ,
+.Dv short ,
+.Dv beshort ,
+and
+.Dv leshort
+do not depend on the length of the C data types
+.Dv short
+and
+.Dv long
+on the platform, even though the Single
+.Ux
+Specification implies that they do.  However, as OS X Mountain Lion has
+passed the Single
+.Ux
+Specification validation suite, and supplies a version of
+.Xr file __CSECTION__
+in which they do not depend on the sizes of the C data types and that is
+built for a 64-bit environment in which
+.Dv long
+is 8 bytes rather than 4 bytes, presumably the validation suite does not
+test whether, for example
+.Dv long
+refers to an item with the same size as the C data type
+.Dv long .
+There should probably be
+.Dv type
+names
+.Dv int8 ,
+.Dv uint8 ,
+.Dv int16 ,
+.Dv uint16 ,
+.Dv int32 ,
+.Dv uint32 ,
+.Dv int64 ,
+and
+.Dv uint64 ,
+and specified-byte-order variants of them,
+to make it clearer that those types have specified widths.
+.\"
+.\" From: guy@sun.uucp (Guy Harris)
+.\" Newsgroups: net.bugs.usg
+.\" Subject: /etc/magic's format isn't well documented
+.\" Message-ID: <2752@sun.uucp>
+.\" Date: 3 Sep 85 08:19:07 GMT
+.\" Organization: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+.\" Lines: 136
+.\"
+.\" Here's a manual page for the format accepted by the "file" made by adding
+.\" the changes I posted to the S5R2 version.
+.\"
+.\" Modified for Ian Darwin's version of the file command.