Merge branch 'gawk-4.1-stable'

4 files changed, 447 insertions, 443 deletions

diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 7874bcd1..223771f4 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2014-12-09         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawktexi.in: More minor fixes.
+
 2014-12-07         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* gawktexi.in: Minor fixes.
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 63040974..a5d90f13 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -9064,10 +9064,9 @@ accepts any record with a first field that contains `li':
      -| 555-5553
      -| 555-6699
 
-   A regexp constant as a pattern is also a special case of an
-expression pattern.  The expression `/li/' has the value one if `li'
-appears in the current input record. Thus, as a pattern, `/li/' matches
-any record containing `li'.
+   pattern.  The expression `/li/' has the value one if `li' appears in
+the current input record. Thus, as a pattern, `/li/' matches any record
+containing `li'.
 
    Boolean expressions are also commonly used as patterns.  Whether the
 pattern matches an input record depends on whether its subexpressions
@@ -11790,7 +11789,8 @@ File: gawk.info,  Node: Functions,  Next: Library Functions,  Prev: Arrays,  Up:
 This major node describes `awk''s built-in functions, which fall into
 three categories: numeric, string, and I/O.  `gawk' provides additional
 groups of functions to work with values that represent time, do bit
-manipulation, sort arrays, and internationalize and localize programs.
+manipulation, sort arrays, provide type information, and
+internationalize and localize programs.
 
    Besides the built-in functions, `awk' has provisions for writing new
 functions that the rest of a program can use.  The second half of this
@@ -19633,7 +19633,7 @@ per-command basis, by setting a special element in the `PROCINFO' array
 
      command = "sort -nr"           # command, save in convenience variable
      PROCINFO[command, "pty"] = 1   # update PROCINFO
-     print ... |& command       # start two-way pipe
+     print ... |& command           # start two-way pipe
      ...
 
 Using ptys usually avoids the buffer deadlock issues described earlier,
@@ -31923,7 +31923,7 @@ Index
 * BEGIN pattern, and profiling:          Profiling.           (line  62)
 * BEGIN pattern, assert() user-defined function and: Assert Function.
                                                               (line  83)
-* BEGIN pattern, Boolean patterns and:   Expression Patterns. (line  70)
+* BEGIN pattern, Boolean patterns and:   Expression Patterns. (line  69)
 * BEGIN pattern, exit statement and:     Exit Statement.      (line  12)
 * BEGIN pattern, getline and:            Getline Notes.       (line  19)
 * BEGIN pattern, headings, adding:       Print Examples.      (line  43)
@@ -31940,7 +31940,7 @@ Index
 * BEGIN pattern, TEXTDOMAIN variable and: Programmer i18n.    (line  60)
 * BEGINFILE pattern:                     BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.   (line   6)
 * BEGINFILE pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns.
-                                                              (line  70)
+                                                              (line  69)
 * beginfile() user-defined function:     Filetrans Function.  (line  61)
 * Bentley, Jon:                          Glossary.            (line 143)
 * Benzinger, Michael:                    Contributors.        (line  97)
@@ -31966,7 +31966,7 @@ Index
 * body, in actions:                      Statements.          (line  10)
 * body, in loops:                        While Statement.     (line  14)
 * Boolean expressions:                   Boolean Ops.         (line   6)
-* Boolean expressions, as patterns:      Expression Patterns. (line  39)
+* Boolean expressions, as patterns:      Expression Patterns. (line  38)
 * Boolean operators, See Boolean expressions: Boolean Ops.    (line   6)
 * Bourne shell, quoting rules for:       Quoting.             (line  18)
 * braces ({}):                           Profiling.           (line 142)
@@ -32551,7 +32551,7 @@ Index
 * END pattern, and profiling:            Profiling.           (line  62)
 * END pattern, assert() user-defined function and: Assert Function.
                                                               (line  75)
-* END pattern, Boolean patterns and:     Expression Patterns. (line  70)
+* END pattern, Boolean patterns and:     Expression Patterns. (line  69)
 * END pattern, exit statement and:       Exit Statement.      (line  12)
 * END pattern, next/nextfile statements and <1>: Next Statement.
                                                               (line  44)
@@ -32560,7 +32560,7 @@ Index
 * END pattern, operators and:            Using BEGIN/END.     (line  17)
 * END pattern, print statement and:      I/O And BEGIN/END.   (line  16)
 * ENDFILE pattern:                       BEGINFILE/ENDFILE.   (line   6)
-* ENDFILE pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line  70)
+* ENDFILE pattern, Boolean patterns and: Expression Patterns. (line  69)
 * endfile() user-defined function:       Filetrans Function.  (line  61)
 * endgrent() function (C library):       Group Functions.     (line 211)
 * endgrent() user-defined function:      Group Functions.     (line 214)
@@ -34628,383 +34628,383 @@ Node: Patterns and Actions384213
 Node: Pattern Overview385333
 Node: Regexp Patterns387012
 Node: Expression Patterns387555
-Node: Ranges391336
-Node: BEGIN/END394442
-Node: Using BEGIN/END395203
-Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1397937
-Node: I/O And BEGIN/END398043
-Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400357
-Node: Empty403258
-Node: Using Shell Variables403575
-Node: Action Overview405848
-Node: Statements408174
-Node: If Statement410022
-Node: While Statement411517
-Node: Do Statement413546
-Node: For Statement414690
-Node: Switch Statement417847
-Node: Break Statement420229
-Node: Continue Statement422270
-Node: Next Statement424097
-Node: Nextfile Statement426478
-Node: Exit Statement429108
-Node: Built-in Variables431511
-Node: User-modified432644
-Ref: User-modified-Footnote-1440325
-Node: Auto-set440387
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1454079
-Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-2454284
-Node: ARGC and ARGV454340
-Node: Pattern Action Summary458558
-Node: Arrays460985
-Node: Array Basics462314
-Node: Array Intro463158
-Ref: figure-array-elements465122
-Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1467648
-Node: Reference to Elements467776
-Node: Assigning Elements470228
-Node: Array Example470719
-Node: Scanning an Array472477
-Node: Controlling Scanning475493
-Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1480689
-Node: Numeric Array Subscripts481005
-Node: Uninitialized Subscripts483190
-Node: Delete484807
-Ref: Delete-Footnote-1487550
-Node: Multidimensional487607
-Node: Multiscanning490704
-Node: Arrays of Arrays492293
-Node: Arrays Summary497052
-Node: Functions499144
-Node: Built-in500017
-Node: Calling Built-in501095
-Node: Numeric Functions503086
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-1507905
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-2508262
-Ref: Numeric Functions-Footnote-3508310
-Node: String Functions508582
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-1532057
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-2532186
-Ref: String Functions-Footnote-3532434
-Node: Gory Details532521
-Ref: table-sub-escapes534302
-Ref: table-sub-proposed535822
-Ref: table-posix-sub537186
-Ref: table-gensub-escapes538722
-Ref: Gory Details-Footnote-1539554
-Node: I/O Functions539705
-Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1546923
-Node: Time Functions547070
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1557558
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2557626
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3557784
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4557895
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5558007
-Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6558234
-Node: Bitwise Functions558500
-Ref: table-bitwise-ops559062
-Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1563371
-Node: Type Functions563540
-Node: I18N Functions564691
-Node: User-defined566336
-Node: Definition Syntax567141
-Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1572548
-Node: Function Example572619
-Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1575538
-Node: Function Caveats575560
-Node: Calling A Function576078
-Node: Variable Scope577036
-Node: Pass By Value/Reference580024
-Node: Return Statement583519
-Node: Dynamic Typing586500
-Node: Indirect Calls587429
-Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1598731
-Node: Functions Summary598859
-Node: Library Functions601561
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1605170
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2605313
-Node: Library Names605484
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1608938
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2609161
-Node: General Functions609247
-Node: Strtonum Function610350
-Node: Assert Function613372
-Node: Round Function616696
-Node: Cliff Random Function618237
-Node: Ordinal Functions619253
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1622316
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2622568
-Node: Join Function622779
-Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1624548
-Node: Getlocaltime Function624748
-Node: Readfile Function628492
-Node: Shell Quoting630462
-Node: Data File Management631863
-Node: Filetrans Function632495
-Node: Rewind Function636551
-Node: File Checking637938
-Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1639270
-Node: Empty Files639471
-Node: Ignoring Assigns641450
-Node: Getopt Function643001
-Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1654463
-Node: Passwd Functions654663
-Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1663500
-Node: Group Functions663588
-Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1671482
-Node: Walking Arrays671695
-Node: Library Functions Summary673298
-Node: Library Exercises674699
-Node: Sample Programs675979
-Node: Running Examples676749
-Node: Clones677477
-Node: Cut Program678701
-Node: Egrep Program688420
-Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1695918
-Node: Id Program696028
-Node: Split Program699673
-Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1703121
-Node: Tee Program703249
-Node: Uniq Program706038
-Node: Wc Program713457
-Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1717707
-Node: Miscellaneous Programs717801
-Node: Dupword Program719014
-Node: Alarm Program721045
-Node: Translate Program725849
-Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1730414
-Node: Labels Program730684
-Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1734035
-Node: Word Sorting734119
-Node: History Sorting738190
-Node: Extract Program740026
-Node: Simple Sed747551
-Node: Igawk Program750619
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1764943
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2765144
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3765266
-Node: Anagram Program765381
-Node: Signature Program768438
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-Node: Advanced Features775100
-Node: Nondecimal Data777048
-Node: Array Sorting778638
-Node: Controlling Array Traversal779335
-Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1787668
-Node: Array Sorting Functions787786
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-Node: Two-way I/O791871
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1796812
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2796998
-Node: TCP/IP Networking797080
-Node: Profiling799953
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-Node: Internationalization810163
-Node: I18N and L10N811643
-Node: Explaining gettext812329
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1817354
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2817538
-Node: Programmer i18n817703
-Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1822569
-Node: Translator i18n822618
-Node: String Extraction823412
-Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1824543
-Node: Printf Ordering824629
-Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1827415
-Node: I18N Portability827479
-Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1829934
-Node: I18N Example829997
-Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1832800
-Node: Gawk I18N832872
-Node: I18N Summary833510
-Node: Debugger834849
-Node: Debugging835871
-Node: Debugging Concepts836312
-Node: Debugging Terms838165
-Node: Awk Debugging840737
-Node: Sample Debugging Session841631
-Node: Debugger Invocation842151
-Node: Finding The Bug843535
-Node: List of Debugger Commands850010
-Node: Breakpoint Control851343
-Node: Debugger Execution Control855039
-Node: Viewing And Changing Data858403
-Node: Execution Stack861781
-Node: Debugger Info863418
-Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands867435
-Node: Readline Support872464
-Node: Limitations873356
-Node: Debugging Summary875470
-Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic876638
-Node: Computer Arithmetic878054
-Ref: table-numeric-ranges881652
-Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1882511
-Node: Math Definitions882568
-Ref: table-ieee-formats885856
-Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1886460
-Node: MPFR features886565
-Node: FP Math Caution888236
-Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1889286
-Node: Inexactness of computations889655
-Node: Inexact representation890614
-Node: Comparing FP Values891971
-Node: Errors accumulate893053
-Node: Getting Accuracy894486
-Node: Try To Round897148
-Node: Setting precision898047
-Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings898731
-Node: Setting the rounding mode900520
-Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes900884
-Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1904339
-Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers904518
-Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1909417
-Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems909566
-Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1913439
-Node: Floating point summary913477
-Node: Dynamic Extensions915671
-Node: Extension Intro917223
-Node: Plugin License918489
-Node: Extension Mechanism Outline919286
-Ref: figure-load-extension919714
-Ref: figure-register-new-function921194
-Ref: figure-call-new-function922198
-Node: Extension API Description924184
-Node: Extension API Functions Introduction925634
-Node: General Data Types930458
-Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1936197
-Node: Memory Allocation Functions936496
-Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1939335
-Node: Constructor Functions939431
-Node: Registration Functions941165
-Node: Extension Functions941850
-Node: Exit Callback Functions944147
-Node: Extension Version String945395
-Node: Input Parsers946060
-Node: Output Wrappers955937
-Node: Two-way processors960452
-Node: Printing Messages962656
-Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1963732
-Node: Updating `ERRNO'963884
-Node: Requesting Values964624
-Ref: table-value-types-returned965352
-Node: Accessing Parameters966309
-Node: Symbol Table Access967540
-Node: Symbol table by name968054
-Node: Symbol table by cookie970035
-Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1974179
-Node: Cached values974242
-Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1977741
-Node: Array Manipulation977832
-Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1978930
-Node: Array Data Types978967
-Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1981622
-Node: Array Functions981714
-Node: Flattening Arrays985568
-Node: Creating Arrays992460
-Node: Extension API Variables997229
-Node: Extension Versioning997865
-Node: Extension API Informational Variables999766
-Node: Extension API Boilerplate1000854
-Node: Finding Extensions1004663
-Node: Extension Example1005223
-Node: Internal File Description1005995
-Node: Internal File Ops1010062
-Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11021732
-Node: Using Internal File Ops1021872
-Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11024255
-Node: Extension Samples1024528
-Node: Extension Sample File Functions1026054
-Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1033692
-Node: Extension Sample Fork1035183
-Node: Extension Sample Inplace1036398
-Node: Extension Sample Ord1038073
-Node: Extension Sample Readdir1038909
-Ref: table-readdir-file-types1039785
-Node: Extension Sample Revout1040596
-Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1041186
-Node: Extension Sample Read write array1041926
-Node: Extension Sample Readfile1043866
-Node: Extension Sample Time1044961
-Node: Extension Sample API Tests1046310
-Node: gawkextlib1046801
-Node: Extension summary1049459
-Node: Extension Exercises1053136
-Node: Language History1053858
-Node: V7/SVR3.11055514
-Node: SVR41057695
-Node: POSIX1059140
-Node: BTL1060529
-Node: POSIX/GNU1061263
-Node: Feature History1066887
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-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11085927
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21085954
-Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31086188
-Node: Contributors1086409
-Node: History summary1091950
-Node: Installation1093320
-Node: Gawk Distribution1094266
-Node: Getting1094750
-Node: Extracting1095573
-Node: Distribution contents1097208
-Node: Unix Installation1103273
-Node: Quick Installation1103956
-Node: Shell Startup Files1106367
-Node: Additional Configuration Options1107446
-Node: Configuration Philosophy1109185
-Node: Non-Unix Installation1111554
-Node: PC Installation1112012
-Node: PC Binary Installation1113331
-Node: PC Compiling1115179
-Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11118200
-Node: PC Testing1118309
-Node: PC Using1119485
-Node: Cygwin1123600
-Node: MSYS1124423
-Node: VMS Installation1124923
-Node: VMS Compilation1125715
-Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11126937
-Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1126995
-Node: VMS Installation Details1128679
-Node: VMS Running1130931
-Node: VMS GNV1133767
-Node: VMS Old Gawk1134501
-Node: Bugs1134971
-Node: Other Versions1138854
-Node: Installation summary1145276
-Node: Notes1146332
-Node: Compatibility Mode1147197
-Node: Additions1147979
-Node: Accessing The Source1148904
-Node: Adding Code1150340
-Node: New Ports1156505
-Node: Derived Files1160987
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11166462
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21166496
-Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31167092
-Node: Future Extensions1167206
-Node: Implementation Limitations1167812
-Node: Extension Design1169060
-Node: Old Extension Problems1170214
-Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11171731
-Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1171788
-Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11175148
-Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1175337
-Node: Extension Future Growth1177445
-Node: Old Extension Mechanism1178281
-Node: Notes summary1180043
-Node: Basic Concepts1181229
-Node: Basic High Level1181910
-Ref: figure-general-flow1182182
-Ref: figure-process-flow1182781
-Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11186010
-Node: Basic Data Typing1186195
-Node: Glossary1189523
-Node: Copying1214681
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License1252237
-Node: Index1277373
+Node: Ranges391265
+Node: BEGIN/END394371
+Node: Using BEGIN/END395132
+Ref: Using BEGIN/END-Footnote-1397866
+Node: I/O And BEGIN/END397972
+Node: BEGINFILE/ENDFILE400286
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+Node: Exit Statement429037
+Node: Built-in Variables431440
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+Ref: Auto-set-Footnote-1454008
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+Node: ARGC and ARGV454269
+Node: Pattern Action Summary458487
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+Node: Array Basics462243
+Node: Array Intro463087
+Ref: figure-array-elements465051
+Ref: Array Intro-Footnote-1467577
+Node: Reference to Elements467705
+Node: Assigning Elements470157
+Node: Array Example470648
+Node: Scanning an Array472406
+Node: Controlling Scanning475422
+Ref: Controlling Scanning-Footnote-1480618
+Node: Numeric Array Subscripts480934
+Node: Uninitialized Subscripts483119
+Node: Delete484736
+Ref: Delete-Footnote-1487479
+Node: Multidimensional487536
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+Node: Arrays of Arrays492222
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+Node: Functions499073
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+Ref: table-sub-proposed535777
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+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2557581
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+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4557850
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+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6558189
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+Ref: table-bitwise-ops559017
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1563326
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+Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1572503
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+Node: Filetrans Function632450
+Node: Rewind Function636506
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+Node: Library Exercises674654
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+Node: Running Examples676704
+Node: Clones677432
+Node: Cut Program678656
+Node: Egrep Program688375
+Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1695873
+Node: Id Program695983
+Node: Split Program699628
+Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1703076
+Node: Tee Program703204
+Node: Uniq Program705993
+Node: Wc Program713412
+Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1717662
+Node: Miscellaneous Programs717756
+Node: Dupword Program718969
+Node: Alarm Program721000
+Node: Translate Program725804
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1730369
+Node: Labels Program730639
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+Node: Word Sorting734074
+Node: History Sorting738145
+Node: Extract Program739981
+Node: Simple Sed747506
+Node: Igawk Program750574
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1764898
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2765099
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3765221
+Node: Anagram Program765336
+Node: Signature Program768393
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+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2796957
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+Node: Advanced Features Summary808189
+Node: Internationalization810122
+Node: I18N and L10N811602
+Node: Explaining gettext812288
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1817313
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2817497
+Node: Programmer i18n817662
+Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1822528
+Node: Translator i18n822577
+Node: String Extraction823371
+Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1824502
+Node: Printf Ordering824588
+Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1827374
+Node: I18N Portability827438
+Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1829893
+Node: I18N Example829956
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1832759
+Node: Gawk I18N832831
+Node: I18N Summary833469
+Node: Debugger834808
+Node: Debugging835830
+Node: Debugging Concepts836271
+Node: Debugging Terms838124
+Node: Awk Debugging840696
+Node: Sample Debugging Session841590
+Node: Debugger Invocation842110
+Node: Finding The Bug843494
+Node: List of Debugger Commands849969
+Node: Breakpoint Control851302
+Node: Debugger Execution Control854998
+Node: Viewing And Changing Data858362
+Node: Execution Stack861740
+Node: Debugger Info863377
+Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands867394
+Node: Readline Support872423
+Node: Limitations873315
+Node: Debugging Summary875429
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic876597
+Node: Computer Arithmetic878013
+Ref: table-numeric-ranges881611
+Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1882470
+Node: Math Definitions882527
+Ref: table-ieee-formats885815
+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1886419
+Node: MPFR features886524
+Node: FP Math Caution888195
+Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1889245
+Node: Inexactness of computations889614
+Node: Inexact representation890573
+Node: Comparing FP Values891930
+Node: Errors accumulate893012
+Node: Getting Accuracy894445
+Node: Try To Round897107
+Node: Setting precision898006
+Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings898690
+Node: Setting the rounding mode900479
+Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes900843
+Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1904298
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers904477
+Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1909376
+Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems909525
+Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1913398
+Node: Floating point summary913436
+Node: Dynamic Extensions915630
+Node: Extension Intro917182
+Node: Plugin License918448
+Node: Extension Mechanism Outline919245
+Ref: figure-load-extension919673
+Ref: figure-register-new-function921153
+Ref: figure-call-new-function922157
+Node: Extension API Description924143
+Node: Extension API Functions Introduction925593
+Node: General Data Types930417
+Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1936156
+Node: Memory Allocation Functions936455
+Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1939294
+Node: Constructor Functions939390
+Node: Registration Functions941124
+Node: Extension Functions941809
+Node: Exit Callback Functions944106
+Node: Extension Version String945354
+Node: Input Parsers946019
+Node: Output Wrappers955896
+Node: Two-way processors960411
+Node: Printing Messages962615
+Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1963691
+Node: Updating `ERRNO'963843
+Node: Requesting Values964583
+Ref: table-value-types-returned965311
+Node: Accessing Parameters966268
+Node: Symbol Table Access967499
+Node: Symbol table by name968013
+Node: Symbol table by cookie969994
+Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1974138
+Node: Cached values974201
+Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1977700
+Node: Array Manipulation977791
+Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1978889
+Node: Array Data Types978926
+Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1981581
+Node: Array Functions981673
+Node: Flattening Arrays985527
+Node: Creating Arrays992419
+Node: Extension API Variables997188
+Node: Extension Versioning997824
+Node: Extension API Informational Variables999725
+Node: Extension API Boilerplate1000813
+Node: Finding Extensions1004622
+Node: Extension Example1005182
+Node: Internal File Description1005954
+Node: Internal File Ops1010021
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11021691
+Node: Using Internal File Ops1021831
+Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11024214
+Node: Extension Samples1024487
+Node: Extension Sample File Functions1026013
+Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1033651
+Node: Extension Sample Fork1035142
+Node: Extension Sample Inplace1036357
+Node: Extension Sample Ord1038032
+Node: Extension Sample Readdir1038868
+Ref: table-readdir-file-types1039744
+Node: Extension Sample Revout1040555
+Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1041145
+Node: Extension Sample Read write array1041885
+Node: Extension Sample Readfile1043825
+Node: Extension Sample Time1044920
+Node: Extension Sample API Tests1046269
+Node: gawkextlib1046760
+Node: Extension summary1049418
+Node: Extension Exercises1053095
+Node: Language History1053817
+Node: V7/SVR3.11055473
+Node: SVR41057654
+Node: POSIX1059099
+Node: BTL1060488
+Node: POSIX/GNU1061222
+Node: Feature History1066846
+Node: Common Extensions1079944
+Node: Ranges and Locales1081268
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11085886
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21085913
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31086147
+Node: Contributors1086368
+Node: History summary1091909
+Node: Installation1093279
+Node: Gawk Distribution1094225
+Node: Getting1094709
+Node: Extracting1095532
+Node: Distribution contents1097167
+Node: Unix Installation1103232
+Node: Quick Installation1103915
+Node: Shell Startup Files1106326
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1107405
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1109144
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1111513
+Node: PC Installation1111971
+Node: PC Binary Installation1113290
+Node: PC Compiling1115138
+Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11118159
+Node: PC Testing1118268
+Node: PC Using1119444
+Node: Cygwin1123559
+Node: MSYS1124382
+Node: VMS Installation1124882
+Node: VMS Compilation1125674
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11126896
+Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1126954
+Node: VMS Installation Details1128638
+Node: VMS Running1130890
+Node: VMS GNV1133726
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1134460
+Node: Bugs1134930
+Node: Other Versions1138813
+Node: Installation summary1145235
+Node: Notes1146291
+Node: Compatibility Mode1147156
+Node: Additions1147938
+Node: Accessing The Source1148863
+Node: Adding Code1150299
+Node: New Ports1156464
+Node: Derived Files1160946
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11166421
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21166455
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31167051
+Node: Future Extensions1167165
+Node: Implementation Limitations1167771
+Node: Extension Design1169019
+Node: Old Extension Problems1170173
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11171690
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1171747
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11175107
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1175296
+Node: Extension Future Growth1177404
+Node: Old Extension Mechanism1178240
+Node: Notes summary1180002
+Node: Basic Concepts1181188
+Node: Basic High Level1181869
+Ref: figure-general-flow1182141
+Ref: figure-process-flow1182740
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11185969
+Node: Basic Data Typing1186154
+Node: Glossary1189482
+Node: Copying1214640
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1252196
+Node: Index1277332
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index 9c8d14ea..6dea8aa4 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -9343,7 +9343,7 @@ a single byte (0--255).
 @item @code{%d}, @code{%i}
 Print a decimal integer.
 The two control letters are equivalent.
-(The @code{%i} specification is for compatibility with ISO C.)
+(The @samp{%i} specification is for compatibility with ISO C.)
 
 @item @code{%e}, @code{%E}
 Print a number in scientific (exponential) notation;
@@ -9358,7 +9358,7 @@ prints @samp{1.950e+03}, with a total of four significant figures, three of
 which follow the decimal point.
 (The @samp{4.3} represents two modifiers,
 discussed in the next @value{SUBSECTION}.)
-@code{%E} uses @samp{E} instead of @samp{e} in the output.
+@samp{%E} uses @samp{E} instead of @samp{e} in the output.
 
 @item @code{%f}
 Print a number in floating-point notation.
@@ -9384,16 +9384,16 @@ The special ``not a number'' value formats as @samp{-nan} or @samp{nan}
 (@pxref{Math Definitions}).
 
 @item @code{%F}
-Like @code{%f} but the infinity and ``not a number'' values are spelled
+Like @samp{%f} but the infinity and ``not a number'' values are spelled
 using uppercase letters.
 
-The @code{%F} format is a POSIX extension to ISO C; not all systems
-support it.  On those that don't, @command{gawk} uses @code{%f} instead.
+The @samp{%F} format is a POSIX extension to ISO C; not all systems
+support it.  On those that don't, @command{gawk} uses @samp{%f} instead.
 
 @item @code{%g}, @code{%G}
 Print a number in either scientific notation or in floating-point
 notation, whichever uses fewer characters; if the result is printed in
-scientific notation, @code{%G} uses @samp{E} instead of @samp{e}.
+scientific notation, @samp{%G} uses @samp{E} instead of @samp{e}.
 
 @item @code{%o}
 Print an unsigned octal integer
@@ -9409,7 +9409,7 @@ are floating point; it is provided primarily for compatibility with C.)
 
 @item @code{%x}, @code{%X}
 Print an unsigned hexadecimal integer;
-@code{%X} uses the letters @samp{A} through @samp{F}
+@samp{%X} uses the letters @samp{A} through @samp{F}
 instead of @samp{a} through @samp{f}
 (@pxref{Nondecimal-numbers}).
 
@@ -9424,7 +9424,7 @@ argument and it ignores any modifiers.
 @quotation NOTE
 When using the integer format-control letters for values that are
 outside the range of the widest C integer type, @command{gawk} switches to
-the @code{%g} format specifier. If @option{--lint} is provided on the
+the @samp{%g} format specifier. If @option{--lint} is provided on the
 command line (@pxref{Options}), @command{gawk}
 warns about this.  Other versions of @command{awk} may print invalid
 values or do something else entirely.
@@ -9499,12 +9499,12 @@ to format is positive. The @samp{+} overrides the space modifier.
 
 @item #
 Use an ``alternative form'' for certain control letters.
-For @code{%o}, supply a leading zero.
-For @code{%x} and @code{%X}, supply a leading @code{0x} or @samp{0X} for
+For @samp{%o}, supply a leading zero.
+For @samp{%x} and @samp{%X}, supply a leading @samp{0x} or @samp{0X} for
 a nonzero result.
-For @code{%e}, @code{%E}, @code{%f}, and @code{%F}, the result always
+For @samp{%e}, @samp{%E}, @samp{%f}, and @samp{%F}, the result always
 contains a decimal point.
-For @code{%g} and @code{%G}, trailing zeros are not removed from the result.
+For @samp{%g} and @samp{%G}, trailing zeros are not removed from the result.
 
 @item 0
 A leading @samp{0} (zero) acts as a flag indicating that output should be
@@ -13022,7 +13022,7 @@ character}, to find the record terminator.
 Locales can affect how dates and times are formatted (@pxref{Time
 Functions}).  For example, a common way to abbreviate the date September
 4, 2015, in the United States is ``9/4/15.''  In many countries in
-Europe, however, it is abbreviated ``4.9.15.''  Thus, the @code{%x}
+Europe, however, it is abbreviated ``4.9.15.''  Thus, the @samp{%x}
 specification in a @code{"US"} locale might produce @samp{9/4/15},
 while in a @code{"EUROPE"} locale, it might produce @samp{4.9.15}.
 
@@ -13249,9 +13249,8 @@ $ @kbd{awk '$1 ~ /li/ @{ print $2 @}' mail-list}
 
 @cindex regexp constants, as patterns
 @cindex patterns, regexp constants as
-A regexp constant as a pattern is also a special case of an expression
-pattern.  The expression @samp{/li/} has the value one if @samp{li}
-appears in the current input record. Thus, as a pattern, @samp{/li/}
+pattern.  The expression @code{/li/} has the value one if @samp{li}
+appears in the current input record. Thus, as a pattern, @code{/li/}
 matches any record containing @samp{li}.
 
 @cindex Boolean expressions, as patterns
@@ -16920,7 +16919,8 @@ This @value{CHAPTER} describes @command{awk}'s built-in functions,
 which fall into three categories: numeric, string, and I/O.
 @command{gawk} provides additional groups of functions
 to work with values that represent time, do
-bit manipulation, sort arrays, and internationalize and localize programs.
+bit manipulation, sort arrays,
+provide type information, and internationalize and localize programs.
 
 Besides the built-in functions, @command{awk} has provisions for
 writing new functions that the rest of a program can use.
@@ -18826,7 +18826,7 @@ of its ISO week number is 2013, even though its year is 2012.
 The full year of the ISO week number, as a decimal number.
 
 @item %h
-Equivalent to @code{%b}.
+Equivalent to @samp{%b}.
 
 @item %H
 The hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number (00--23).
@@ -18895,7 +18895,7 @@ The locale's ``appropriate'' date representation.
 
 @item %X
 The locale's ``appropriate'' time representation.
-(This is @code{%T} in the @code{"C"} locale.)
+(This is @samp{%T} in the @code{"C"} locale.)
 
 @item %y
 The year modulo 100 as a decimal number (00--99).
@@ -18916,7 +18916,7 @@ no time zone is determinable.
 @item %Ec %EC %Ex %EX %Ey %EY %Od %Oe %OH
 @itemx %OI %Om %OM %OS %Ou %OU %OV %Ow %OW %Oy
 ``Alternative representations'' for the specifications
-that use only the second letter (@code{%c}, @code{%C},
+that use only the second letter (@samp{%c}, @samp{%C},
 and so on).@footnote{If you don't understand any of this, don't worry about
 it; these facilities are meant to make it easier to ``internationalize''
 programs.
@@ -18955,11 +18955,11 @@ Single-digit numbers are padded with a space.
 @ignore
 @item %N
 The ``Emperor/Era'' name.
-Equivalent to @code{%C}.
+Equivalent to @samp{%C}.
 
 @item %o
 The ``Emperor/Era'' year.
-Equivalent to @code{%y}.
+Equivalent to @samp{%y}.
 @end ignore
 
 @item %s
@@ -20265,7 +20265,7 @@ saving it in @code{start}.
 The last part of the code loops through each function name (from @code{$2} up to
 the marker, @samp{data:}), calling the function named by the field. The indirect
 function call itself occurs as a parameter in the call to @code{printf}.
-(The @code{printf} format string uses @code{%s} as the format specifier so that we
+(The @code{printf} format string uses @samp{%s} as the format specifier so that we
 can use functions that return strings, as well as numbers. Note that the result
 from the indirect call is concatenated with the empty string, in order to force
 it to be a string value.)
@@ -25558,8 +25558,8 @@ END @{
 @}
 @end example
 
-The regexp @samp{/[^[:alnum:]_[:blank:]]/} might have been written
-@samp{/[[:punct:]]/}, but then underscores would also be removed,
+The regexp @code{/[^[:alnum:]_[:blank:]]/} might have been written
+@code{/[[:punct:]]/}, but then underscores would also be removed,
 and we want to keep them.
 
 Assuming we have saved this program in a file named @file{wordfreq.awk},
@@ -27668,7 +27668,7 @@ like so:
 @example
 command = "sort -nr"           # command, save in convenience variable
 PROCINFO[command, "pty"] = 1   # update PROCINFO
-print @dots{} |& command       # start two-way pipe
+print @dots{} |& command           # start two-way pipe
 @dots{}
 @end example
 
@@ -35719,7 +35719,7 @@ for case translation
 (@pxref{String Functions}).
 
 @item
-A cleaner specification for the @code{%c} format-control letter in the
+A cleaner specification for the @samp{%c} format-control letter in the
 @code{printf} function
 (@pxref{Control Letters}).
 
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index 63ca4033..8fcb97d2 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -8944,7 +8944,7 @@ a single byte (0--255).
 @item @code{%d}, @code{%i}
 Print a decimal integer.
 The two control letters are equivalent.
-(The @code{%i} specification is for compatibility with ISO C.)
+(The @samp{%i} specification is for compatibility with ISO C.)
 
 @item @code{%e}, @code{%E}
 Print a number in scientific (exponential) notation;
@@ -8959,7 +8959,7 @@ prints @samp{1.950e+03}, with a total of four significant figures, three of
 which follow the decimal point.
 (The @samp{4.3} represents two modifiers,
 discussed in the next @value{SUBSECTION}.)
-@code{%E} uses @samp{E} instead of @samp{e} in the output.
+@samp{%E} uses @samp{E} instead of @samp{e} in the output.
 
 @item @code{%f}
 Print a number in floating-point notation.
@@ -8985,16 +8985,16 @@ The special ``not a number'' value formats as @samp{-nan} or @samp{nan}
 (@pxref{Math Definitions}).
 
 @item @code{%F}
-Like @code{%f} but the infinity and ``not a number'' values are spelled
+Like @samp{%f} but the infinity and ``not a number'' values are spelled
 using uppercase letters.
 
-The @code{%F} format is a POSIX extension to ISO C; not all systems
-support it.  On those that don't, @command{gawk} uses @code{%f} instead.
+The @samp{%F} format is a POSIX extension to ISO C; not all systems
+support it.  On those that don't, @command{gawk} uses @samp{%f} instead.
 
 @item @code{%g}, @code{%G}
 Print a number in either scientific notation or in floating-point
 notation, whichever uses fewer characters; if the result is printed in
-scientific notation, @code{%G} uses @samp{E} instead of @samp{e}.
+scientific notation, @samp{%G} uses @samp{E} instead of @samp{e}.
 
 @item @code{%o}
 Print an unsigned octal integer
@@ -9010,7 +9010,7 @@ are floating point; it is provided primarily for compatibility with C.)
 
 @item @code{%x}, @code{%X}
 Print an unsigned hexadecimal integer;
-@code{%X} uses the letters @samp{A} through @samp{F}
+@samp{%X} uses the letters @samp{A} through @samp{F}
 instead of @samp{a} through @samp{f}
 (@pxref{Nondecimal-numbers}).
 
@@ -9025,7 +9025,7 @@ argument and it ignores any modifiers.
 @quotation NOTE
 When using the integer format-control letters for values that are
 outside the range of the widest C integer type, @command{gawk} switches to
-the @code{%g} format specifier. If @option{--lint} is provided on the
+the @samp{%g} format specifier. If @option{--lint} is provided on the
 command line (@pxref{Options}), @command{gawk}
 warns about this.  Other versions of @command{awk} may print invalid
 values or do something else entirely.
@@ -9100,12 +9100,12 @@ to format is positive. The @samp{+} overrides the space modifier.
 
 @item #
 Use an ``alternative form'' for certain control letters.
-For @code{%o}, supply a leading zero.
-For @code{%x} and @code{%X}, supply a leading @code{0x} or @samp{0X} for
+For @samp{%o}, supply a leading zero.
+For @samp{%x} and @samp{%X}, supply a leading @samp{0x} or @samp{0X} for
 a nonzero result.
-For @code{%e}, @code{%E}, @code{%f}, and @code{%F}, the result always
+For @samp{%e}, @samp{%E}, @samp{%f}, and @samp{%F}, the result always
 contains a decimal point.
-For @code{%g} and @code{%G}, trailing zeros are not removed from the result.
+For @samp{%g} and @samp{%G}, trailing zeros are not removed from the result.
 
 @item 0
 A leading @samp{0} (zero) acts as a flag indicating that output should be
@@ -12351,7 +12351,7 @@ character}, to find the record terminator.
 Locales can affect how dates and times are formatted (@pxref{Time
 Functions}).  For example, a common way to abbreviate the date September
 4, 2015, in the United States is ``9/4/15.''  In many countries in
-Europe, however, it is abbreviated ``4.9.15.''  Thus, the @code{%x}
+Europe, however, it is abbreviated ``4.9.15.''  Thus, the @samp{%x}
 specification in a @code{"US"} locale might produce @samp{9/4/15},
 while in a @code{"EUROPE"} locale, it might produce @samp{4.9.15}.
 
@@ -12578,9 +12578,8 @@ $ @kbd{awk '$1 ~ /li/ @{ print $2 @}' mail-list}
 
 @cindex regexp constants, as patterns
 @cindex patterns, regexp constants as
-A regexp constant as a pattern is also a special case of an expression
-pattern.  The expression @samp{/li/} has the value one if @samp{li}
-appears in the current input record. Thus, as a pattern, @samp{/li/}
+pattern.  The expression @code{/li/} has the value one if @samp{li}
+appears in the current input record. Thus, as a pattern, @code{/li/}
 matches any record containing @samp{li}.
 
 @cindex Boolean expressions, as patterns
@@ -16203,7 +16202,8 @@ This @value{CHAPTER} describes @command{awk}'s built-in functions,
 which fall into three categories: numeric, string, and I/O.
 @command{gawk} provides additional groups of functions
 to work with values that represent time, do
-bit manipulation, sort arrays, and internationalize and localize programs.
+bit manipulation, sort arrays,
+provide type information, and internationalize and localize programs.
 
 Besides the built-in functions, @command{awk} has provisions for
 writing new functions that the rest of a program can use.
@@ -17948,7 +17948,7 @@ of its ISO week number is 2013, even though its year is 2012.
 The full year of the ISO week number, as a decimal number.
 
 @item %h
-Equivalent to @code{%b}.
+Equivalent to @samp{%b}.
 
 @item %H
 The hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number (00--23).
@@ -18017,7 +18017,7 @@ The locale's ``appropriate'' date representation.
 
 @item %X
 The locale's ``appropriate'' time representation.
-(This is @code{%T} in the @code{"C"} locale.)
+(This is @samp{%T} in the @code{"C"} locale.)
 
 @item %y
 The year modulo 100 as a decimal number (00--99).
@@ -18038,7 +18038,7 @@ no time zone is determinable.
 @item %Ec %EC %Ex %EX %Ey %EY %Od %Oe %OH
 @itemx %OI %Om %OM %OS %Ou %OU %OV %Ow %OW %Oy
 ``Alternative representations'' for the specifications
-that use only the second letter (@code{%c}, @code{%C},
+that use only the second letter (@samp{%c}, @samp{%C},
 and so on).@footnote{If you don't understand any of this, don't worry about
 it; these facilities are meant to make it easier to ``internationalize''
 programs.
@@ -18077,11 +18077,11 @@ Single-digit numbers are padded with a space.
 @ignore
 @item %N
 The ``Emperor/Era'' name.
-Equivalent to @code{%C}.
+Equivalent to @samp{%C}.
 
 @item %o
 The ``Emperor/Era'' year.
-Equivalent to @code{%y}.
+Equivalent to @samp{%y}.
 @end ignore
 
 @item %s
@@ -19387,7 +19387,7 @@ saving it in @code{start}.
 The last part of the code loops through each function name (from @code{$2} up to
 the marker, @samp{data:}), calling the function named by the field. The indirect
 function call itself occurs as a parameter in the call to @code{printf}.
-(The @code{printf} format string uses @code{%s} as the format specifier so that we
+(The @code{printf} format string uses @samp{%s} as the format specifier so that we
 can use functions that return strings, as well as numbers. Note that the result
 from the indirect call is concatenated with the empty string, in order to force
 it to be a string value.)
@@ -24651,8 +24651,8 @@ END @{
 @}
 @end example
 
-The regexp @samp{/[^[:alnum:]_[:blank:]]/} might have been written
-@samp{/[[:punct:]]/}, but then underscores would also be removed,
+The regexp @code{/[^[:alnum:]_[:blank:]]/} might have been written
+@code{/[[:punct:]]/}, but then underscores would also be removed,
 and we want to keep them.
 
 Assuming we have saved this program in a file named @file{wordfreq.awk},
@@ -26761,7 +26761,7 @@ like so:
 @example
 command = "sort -nr"           # command, save in convenience variable
 PROCINFO[command, "pty"] = 1   # update PROCINFO
-print @dots{} |& command       # start two-way pipe
+print @dots{} |& command           # start two-way pipe
 @dots{}
 @end example
 
@@ -34812,7 +34812,7 @@ for case translation
 (@pxref{String Functions}).
 
 @item
-A cleaner specification for the @code{%c} format-control letter in the
+A cleaner specification for the @samp{%c} format-control letter in the
 @code{printf} function
 (@pxref{Control Letters}).