Document that RFC 4180 describes CSV data.

4 files changed, 485 insertions, 476 deletions

diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index 7288fb77..1e53c5b7 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+2014-11-19         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
+
+	* gawktexi.in: Update that RFC 4180 documents CSV data.
+
 2014-11-17         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* gawktexi.in: Copyedits applied.
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index a318498b..6026b543 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -5179,9 +5179,8 @@ what they are, and not by what they are not.
 data into text files, where each record is terminated with a newline,
 and fields are separated by commas. If only commas separated the data,
 there wouldn't be an issue. The problem comes when one of the fields
-contains an _embedded_ comma. Although there is no formal standard
-specification for CSV data,(1) in such cases, most programs embed the
-field in double quotes. So we might have data like this:
+contains an _embedded_ comma.  In such cases, most programs embed the
+field in double quotes.(1) So we might have data like this:
 
      Robbins,Arnold,"1234 A Pretty Street, NE",MyTown,MyState,12345-6789,USA
 
@@ -5264,7 +5263,9 @@ based on which of the three variables--`FS', `FIELDWIDTHS', and
 
    ---------- Footnotes ----------
 
-   (1) At least, we don't know of one.
+   (1) The CSV format lacked a formal standard definition for many
+years.  RFC 4180 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4180.txt) standardizes the
+most common practices.
 
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Multiple Line,  Next: Getline,  Prev: Splitting By Content,  Up: Reading Files
@@ -32657,7 +32658,7 @@ Index
 * forward slash (/), patterns and:       Expression Patterns. (line  24)
 * FPAT variable <1>:                     User-modified.       (line  43)
 * FPAT variable:                         Splitting By Content.
-                                                              (line  26)
+                                                              (line  25)
 * frame debugger command:                Execution Stack.     (line  27)
 * Free Documentation License (FDL):      GNU Free Documentation License.
                                                               (line   7)
@@ -32767,7 +32768,7 @@ Index
 * gawk, format-control characters:       Control Letters.     (line  18)
 * gawk, FPAT variable in <1>:            User-modified.       (line  43)
 * gawk, FPAT variable in:                Splitting By Content.
-                                                              (line  26)
+                                                              (line  25)
 * gawk, FUNCTAB array in:                Auto-set.            (line 116)
 * gawk, function arguments and:          Calling Built-in.    (line  16)
 * gawk, hexadecimal numbers and:         Nondecimal-numbers.  (line  42)
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+Ref: I/O Functions-Footnote-1545030
+Node: Time Functions545177
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-1555665
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-2555733
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-3555891
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-4556002
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-5556114
+Ref: Time Functions-Footnote-6556341
+Node: Bitwise Functions556607
+Ref: table-bitwise-ops557169
+Ref: Bitwise Functions-Footnote-1561478
+Node: Type Functions561647
+Node: I18N Functions562798
+Node: User-defined564443
+Node: Definition Syntax565248
+Ref: Definition Syntax-Footnote-1570655
+Node: Function Example570726
+Ref: Function Example-Footnote-1573645
+Node: Function Caveats573667
+Node: Calling A Function574185
+Node: Variable Scope575143
+Node: Pass By Value/Reference578131
+Node: Return Statement581626
+Node: Dynamic Typing584607
+Node: Indirect Calls585536
+Ref: Indirect Calls-Footnote-1596838
+Node: Functions Summary596966
+Node: Library Functions599668
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1603277
+Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2603420
+Node: Library Names603591
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1607045
+Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2607268
+Node: General Functions607354
+Node: Strtonum Function608457
+Node: Assert Function611479
+Node: Round Function614803
+Node: Cliff Random Function616344
+Node: Ordinal Functions617360
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1620423
+Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2620675
+Node: Join Function620886
+Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1622655
+Node: Getlocaltime Function622855
+Node: Readfile Function626599
+Node: Shell Quoting628569
+Node: Data File Management629970
+Node: Filetrans Function630602
+Node: Rewind Function634658
+Node: File Checking636045
+Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1637377
+Node: Empty Files637578
+Node: Ignoring Assigns639557
+Node: Getopt Function641108
+Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1652570
+Node: Passwd Functions652770
+Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1661619
+Node: Group Functions661707
+Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1669601
+Node: Walking Arrays669814
+Node: Library Functions Summary671417
+Node: Library Exercises672818
+Node: Sample Programs674098
+Node: Running Examples674868
+Node: Clones675596
+Node: Cut Program676820
+Node: Egrep Program686539
+Ref: Egrep Program-Footnote-1694037
+Node: Id Program694147
+Node: Split Program697792
+Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1701240
+Node: Tee Program701368
+Node: Uniq Program704157
+Node: Wc Program711576
+Ref: Wc Program-Footnote-1715826
+Node: Miscellaneous Programs715920
+Node: Dupword Program717133
+Node: Alarm Program719164
+Node: Translate Program723968
+Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1728533
+Node: Labels Program728803
+Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1732154
+Node: Word Sorting732238
+Node: History Sorting736309
+Node: Extract Program738145
+Node: Simple Sed745670
+Node: Igawk Program748738
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1763062
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2763263
+Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3763385
+Node: Anagram Program763500
+Node: Signature Program766557
+Node: Programs Summary767804
+Node: Programs Exercises768997
+Ref: Programs Exercises-Footnote-1773128
+Node: Advanced Features773219
+Node: Nondecimal Data775167
+Node: Array Sorting776757
+Node: Controlling Array Traversal777454
+Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1785787
+Node: Array Sorting Functions785905
+Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1789794
+Node: Two-way I/O789990
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1794931
+Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2795117
+Node: TCP/IP Networking795199
+Node: Profiling798072
+Node: Advanced Features Summary805619
+Node: Internationalization807552
+Node: I18N and L10N809032
+Node: Explaining gettext809718
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1814743
+Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2814927
+Node: Programmer i18n815092
+Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1819958
+Node: Translator i18n820007
+Node: String Extraction820801
+Ref: String Extraction-Footnote-1821932
+Node: Printf Ordering822018
+Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1824804
+Node: I18N Portability824868
+Ref: I18N Portability-Footnote-1827323
+Node: I18N Example827386
+Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1830189
+Node: Gawk I18N830261
+Node: I18N Summary830899
+Node: Debugger832238
+Node: Debugging833260
+Node: Debugging Concepts833701
+Node: Debugging Terms835554
+Node: Awk Debugging838126
+Node: Sample Debugging Session839020
+Node: Debugger Invocation839540
+Node: Finding The Bug840924
+Node: List of Debugger Commands847399
+Node: Breakpoint Control848732
+Node: Debugger Execution Control852428
+Node: Viewing And Changing Data855792
+Node: Execution Stack859170
+Node: Debugger Info860807
+Node: Miscellaneous Debugger Commands864824
+Node: Readline Support869853
+Node: Limitations870745
+Node: Debugging Summary872859
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic874027
+Node: Computer Arithmetic875443
+Ref: table-numeric-ranges879041
+Ref: Computer Arithmetic-Footnote-1879900
+Node: Math Definitions879957
+Ref: table-ieee-formats883245
+Ref: Math Definitions-Footnote-1883849
+Node: MPFR features883954
+Node: FP Math Caution885625
+Ref: FP Math Caution-Footnote-1886675
+Node: Inexactness of computations887044
+Node: Inexact representation888003
+Node: Comparing FP Values889360
+Node: Errors accumulate890442
+Node: Getting Accuracy891875
+Node: Try To Round894537
+Node: Setting precision895436
+Ref: table-predefined-precision-strings896120
+Node: Setting the rounding mode897909
+Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes898273
+Ref: Setting the rounding mode-Footnote-1901728
+Node: Arbitrary Precision Integers901907
+Ref: Arbitrary Precision Integers-Footnote-1904893
+Node: POSIX Floating Point Problems905042
+Ref: POSIX Floating Point Problems-Footnote-1908915
+Node: Floating point summary908953
+Node: Dynamic Extensions911147
+Node: Extension Intro912699
+Node: Plugin License913965
+Node: Extension Mechanism Outline914762
+Ref: figure-load-extension915190
+Ref: figure-register-new-function916670
+Ref: figure-call-new-function917674
+Node: Extension API Description919660
+Node: Extension API Functions Introduction921110
+Node: General Data Types925934
+Ref: General Data Types-Footnote-1931673
+Node: Memory Allocation Functions931972
+Ref: Memory Allocation Functions-Footnote-1934811
+Node: Constructor Functions934907
+Node: Registration Functions936641
+Node: Extension Functions937326
+Node: Exit Callback Functions939623
+Node: Extension Version String940871
+Node: Input Parsers941536
+Node: Output Wrappers951413
+Node: Two-way processors955928
+Node: Printing Messages958132
+Ref: Printing Messages-Footnote-1959208
+Node: Updating `ERRNO'959360
+Node: Requesting Values960100
+Ref: table-value-types-returned960828
+Node: Accessing Parameters961785
+Node: Symbol Table Access963016
+Node: Symbol table by name963530
+Node: Symbol table by cookie965511
+Ref: Symbol table by cookie-Footnote-1969655
+Node: Cached values969718
+Ref: Cached values-Footnote-1973217
+Node: Array Manipulation973308
+Ref: Array Manipulation-Footnote-1974406
+Node: Array Data Types974443
+Ref: Array Data Types-Footnote-1977098
+Node: Array Functions977190
+Node: Flattening Arrays981044
+Node: Creating Arrays987936
+Node: Extension API Variables992705
+Node: Extension Versioning993341
+Node: Extension API Informational Variables995242
+Node: Extension API Boilerplate996330
+Node: Finding Extensions1000139
+Node: Extension Example1000699
+Node: Internal File Description1001471
+Node: Internal File Ops1005538
+Ref: Internal File Ops-Footnote-11017208
+Node: Using Internal File Ops1017348
+Ref: Using Internal File Ops-Footnote-11019731
+Node: Extension Samples1020004
+Node: Extension Sample File Functions1021530
+Node: Extension Sample Fnmatch1029168
+Node: Extension Sample Fork1030659
+Node: Extension Sample Inplace1031874
+Node: Extension Sample Ord1033549
+Node: Extension Sample Readdir1034385
+Ref: table-readdir-file-types1035261
+Node: Extension Sample Revout1036072
+Node: Extension Sample Rev2way1036662
+Node: Extension Sample Read write array1037402
+Node: Extension Sample Readfile1039342
+Node: Extension Sample Time1040437
+Node: Extension Sample API Tests1041786
+Node: gawkextlib1042277
+Node: Extension summary1044914
+Node: Extension Exercises1048591
+Node: Language History1049313
+Node: V7/SVR3.11050969
+Node: SVR41053150
+Node: POSIX1054595
+Node: BTL1055984
+Node: POSIX/GNU1056718
+Node: Feature History1062282
+Node: Common Extensions1075380
+Node: Ranges and Locales1076704
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-11081322
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-21081349
+Ref: Ranges and Locales-Footnote-31081583
+Node: Contributors1081804
+Node: History summary1087345
+Node: Installation1088715
+Node: Gawk Distribution1089661
+Node: Getting1090145
+Node: Extracting1090968
+Node: Distribution contents1092603
+Node: Unix Installation1098320
+Node: Quick Installation1098937
+Node: Additional Configuration Options1101361
+Node: Configuration Philosophy1103099
+Node: Non-Unix Installation1105468
+Node: PC Installation1105926
+Node: PC Binary Installation1107245
+Node: PC Compiling1109093
+Ref: PC Compiling-Footnote-11112114
+Node: PC Testing1112223
+Node: PC Using1113399
+Node: Cygwin1117514
+Node: MSYS1118337
+Node: VMS Installation1118837
+Node: VMS Compilation1119629
+Ref: VMS Compilation-Footnote-11120851
+Node: VMS Dynamic Extensions1120909
+Node: VMS Installation Details1122593
+Node: VMS Running1124845
+Node: VMS GNV1127681
+Node: VMS Old Gawk1128415
+Node: Bugs1128885
+Node: Other Versions1132768
+Node: Installation summary1139190
+Node: Notes1140246
+Node: Compatibility Mode1141111
+Node: Additions1141893
+Node: Accessing The Source1142818
+Node: Adding Code1144254
+Node: New Ports1150419
+Node: Derived Files1154901
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11160376
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21160410
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31161006
+Node: Future Extensions1161120
+Node: Implementation Limitations1161726
+Node: Extension Design1162974
+Node: Old Extension Problems1164128
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11165645
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1165702
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11169062
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1169251
+Node: Extension Future Growth1171359
+Node: Old Extension Mechanism1172195
+Node: Notes summary1173957
+Node: Basic Concepts1175143
+Node: Basic High Level1175824
+Ref: figure-general-flow1176096
+Ref: figure-process-flow1176695
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11179924
+Node: Basic Data Typing1180109
+Node: Glossary1183437
+Node: Copying1208595
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1246151
+Node: Index1271287
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index a1781700..4da01e05 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -7801,10 +7801,12 @@ is so-called @dfn{comma-separated values} (CSV) data. Many spreadsheet programs,
 for example, can export their data into text files, where each record is
 terminated with a newline, and fields are separated by commas. If only
 commas separated the data, there wouldn't be an issue. The problem comes when
-one of the fields contains an @emph{embedded} comma. Although there is no
-formal standard specification for CSV data,@footnote{At least, we don't know of one.}
-in such cases, most programs embed the field in double quotes. So we might
-have data like this:
+one of the fields contains an @emph{embedded} comma.
+In such cases, most programs embed the field in double quotes.@footnote{The
+CSV format lacked a formal standard definition for many years.
+@uref{http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4180.txt, RFC 4180}
+standardizes the most common practices.}
+So we might have data like this:
 
 @example
 @c file eg/misc/addresses.csv
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index 1ea028d4..7979b0ad 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -7402,10 +7402,12 @@ is so-called @dfn{comma-separated values} (CSV) data. Many spreadsheet programs,
 for example, can export their data into text files, where each record is
 terminated with a newline, and fields are separated by commas. If only
 commas separated the data, there wouldn't be an issue. The problem comes when
-one of the fields contains an @emph{embedded} comma. Although there is no
-formal standard specification for CSV data,@footnote{At least, we don't know of one.}
-in such cases, most programs embed the field in double quotes. So we might
-have data like this:
+one of the fields contains an @emph{embedded} comma.
+In such cases, most programs embed the field in double quotes.@footnote{The
+CSV format lacked a formal standard definition for many years.
+@uref{http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4180.txt, RFC 4180}
+standardizes the most common practices.}
+So we might have data like this:
 
 @example
 @c file eg/misc/addresses.csv