path: root/improve-inet.mbx

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--6c2NcOVqGQ03X4Wi
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Hi all,

I started to work on this.  I have encountered a few "challenges" :-).
Here's a test program that demonstrates some basic functionality:

@load "select"
@load "time"

BEGIN {
   start = gettimeofday()
   cmd["echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3"] = ""
   cmd["sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3"] = ""

   # XXX fire up child processes: we need a way to launch them without reading
   # the first line of input!
   for (i in cmd) {
      i | getline x
      printf "%.6f cmd [%s]: %s\n", gettimeofday()-start, i, x
   }
   delete writefds
   delete exceptds
   while (length(cmd) > 0) {
      delete readfds
      for (i in cmd)
         readfds[i] = ""
      switch (select(readfds, writefds, exceptfds)) {
      case -1:
         printf "Error: select failed: %s\n", ERRNO > "/dev/stderr"
         exit 1
      case 0:
         print "Timeout.  Trying again."
         break
      default:
         for (i in readfds) {
            if ((rc = (i | getline x)) > 0)
               printf "%.6f cmd [%s]: %s\n", gettimeofday()-start, i, x
            else {
               delete cmd[i]
               if (rc < 0) {
                  printf "Error: getline(%s) failed, errno = %s\n", i, ERRNO
                  erc = 1
               }
            }
         }
         break
      }
   }
   exit erc+0
}

And the output:

schorr@ti119: ./gawk -f /tmp/multiplex.awk
1.005721 cmd [sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3]: B:msg1
1.007885 cmd [echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3]: A:msg1
2.009040 cmd [echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3]: A:msg2
3.007013 cmd [sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3]: B:msg2
4.008378 cmd [sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3]: B:msg3
4.010283 cmd [echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3]: A:msg3
schorr@ti119: ./gawk -f /tmp/multiplex.awk
1.002733 cmd [sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3]: B:msg1
1.004928 cmd [echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3]: A:msg1
2.006261 cmd [echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3]: A:msg2
3.004054 cmd [sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3]: B:msg2
4.005410 cmd [sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3]: B:msg3
4.007458 cmd [echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3]: A:msg3

I haven't pushed the branch yet, because I'm not quite ready to commit
this code.  I first need to figure out how to solve the following problems:

1. When trying to read from the current input file (i.e. the data found in
the FILENAME), there's a bootstrapping problem.  When the BEGIN rule executes,
the input files have not been opened yet.  So if one tries to lookup the
current value of FILENAME, it is NULL.  In normal execution, when one
calls getline or processes the first line of input the regular way, the
code calls "nextfile(& curfile, false)".  You can see this in "interpret.h"
in the Op_newfile and Op_K_getline sections.  That's what bootstraps the
reading of the files.  After nextfile is called the first time, it returns
a positive value, and this tells the calling code to run the beginfile logic
by executing 'JUMPTO((pc + 1)->target_beginfile'.  I'd like the lookup_file
code to see that curfile is NULL and recognize that it needs to bootstrap
the file reading by calling nextfile(& curfile, false) and then execute
the beginfile rules, but I don't know how to run the BEGINFILE targets.
I would appreciate help with that.

2. I will need a way to bootstrap pipes and coprocess fds.  In the usual case,
gawk calls io.c:redirect() to open a pipe when the first getline call occurs.
In our case, we want to open the popes and/or sockets prior to calling select
the first time.  I will need to add a new open_file API call that takes the
name of a command and redirection type and calls the redirect() function.
My current plan is to change the select calling convention so that the array
value for a given filename contains the requested open mode (one of ">", ">>",
"<", "|&", and "|").  So in the above program, it might say:
   cmd["echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3"] = "|"
   cmd["sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3"] = "|"
Since they appear in the readfds array, we know that this is an input
pipe, not output.

3. The tcp server logic was designed to be single-threaded.  If you try to read
input from a server socket, it waits for a client to connect, closes the
listener socket, and then processes I/O from the newly connected socket.  If I
could start over, I'd change the TCP server mechanism to work something like
this:

   server = "/inet/tcp/8080/0/0"
   while (1) {
      # wait for a client to connect
      server |& getline client
      # at this point, client contains the handle for the connected socket,
      # something like "/inet/tcp/8080/client-host/client-port", and the server
      # socket should still be open to accept new connections!
      while ((client |& getline x) > 0)
	 printf "client %s says: %s\n", client, x
      close(client)
   }

If it had been done that way, it would be easy to use the new select
multiplexing mechanisms to service multiple connected clients at once.
Since it was not designed that way, I'm not sure how best to remedy this.
I guess we can add a function to open a socket to listen for connections,
and another to accept connections, but it may be painful to integrate this
into the existing socket I/O scheme.  A separate BSD-style API would be
easy to implement, but it seems suboptimal to have 2 different approaches
to networking.  Does anbody have any thoughts on how best to solve this?

That's it for now.  The current pre-alpha version of the select extension
is attached.  Arnold's flatten_array API makes it pretty easy -- thanks
Arnold!

I think I know how to solve problem #2, but I'm currently stumped on #1 (I
think I need to find a way to run the rule_block[BEGINFILE] code, but I don't
know how).  I don't consider #3 an urgent problem right now, but we should
figure out how best to handle this to support socket I/O properly.

I haven't started to work on signal support yet.

Regards,
Andy

--6c2NcOVqGQ03X4Wi
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/*
 * select.c - Builtin functions to provide select I/O multiplexing.
 */

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013 the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 * 
 * This file is part of GAWK, the GNU implementation of the
 * AWK Programming Language.
 * 
 * GAWK is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 * 
 * GAWK is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include "gawkapi.h"

#include "gettext.h"
#define _(msgid)  gettext(msgid)
#define N_(msgid) msgid

static const gawk_api_t *api;	/* for convenience macros to work */
static awk_ext_id_t *ext_id;
static const char *ext_version = "ordchr extension: version 1.0";
static awk_bool_t (*init_func)(void) = NULL;

int plugin_is_GPL_compatible;

#if defined(HAVE_SELECT) && defined(HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H)
#include <sys/select.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL_H
#include <signal.h>
#endif

/*  do_ord --- return numeric value of first char of string */

static awk_value_t *
do_select(int nargs, awk_value_t *result)
{
	static const char *argname[] = { "read", "write", "except" };
	struct {
		awk_value_t array;
		awk_flat_array_t *flat;
		fd_set bits;
		int *array2fd;
	} fds[3];
	awk_value_t timeout_arg;
	int i;
	struct timeval maxwait;
	struct timeval *timeout;
	int nfds = 0;
	int rc;

	if (do_lint && nargs > 5)
		lintwarn(ext_id, _("select: called with too many arguments"));

	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(fds)/sizeof(fds[0]); i++) {
		size_t j;

		if (! get_argument(i, AWK_ARRAY, & fds[i].array)) {
			warning(ext_id, _("select: bad array parameter `%s'"), argname[i]);
			update_ERRNO_string(_("select: bad array parameter"));
			return make_number(-1, result);
		}
		/* N.B. flatten_array fails for empty arrays, so that's OK */
		FD_ZERO(&fds[i].bits);
		if (flatten_array(fds[i].array.array_cookie, &fds[i].flat)) {
			emalloc(fds[i].array2fd, int *, fds[i].flat->count*sizeof(int), "select");
			for (j = 0; j < fds[i].flat->count; j++) {
				const awk_input_buf_t *buf;
				char junk[3];

				if ((buf = lookup_file(fds[i].flat->elements[j].index.str_value.str, fds[i].flat->elements[j].index.str_value.len)) != NULL)
					fds[i].array2fd[j] = buf->fd;
				else if ((sscanf(fds[i].flat->elements[j].index.str_value.str, "%d%s", & fds[i].array2fd[j], junk) != 1) || (fds[i].array2fd[j] < 0)) {
					warning(ext_id, _("select: lookup_file failed on `%s'"), fds[i].flat->elements[j].index.str_value.str);
					update_ERRNO_string(_("select: lookup_file failed"));
					if (! release_flattened_array(fds[i].array.array_cookie, fds[i].flat))
						warning(ext_id, _("select: release_flattened_array failed"));
					free(fds[i].array2fd);
					return make_number(-1, result);
				}
				FD_SET(fds[i].array2fd[j], &fds[i].bits);
				if (nfds <= fds[i].array2fd[j])
					nfds = fds[i].array2fd[j]+1;
			}
		}
		else
			fds[i].flat = NULL;
	}
        if (get_argument(3, AWK_NUMBER, &timeout_arg)) {
		double secs = timeout_arg.num_value;
		if (secs < 0) {
			warning(ext_id, _("select: treating negative timeout as zero"));
			secs = 0;
		}
		maxwait.tv_sec = secs;
		maxwait.tv_usec = (secs-(double)maxwait.tv_sec)*1000000.0;
		timeout = &maxwait;
	} else
		timeout = NULL;
	rc = select(nfds, &fds[0].bits, &fds[1].bits, &fds[2].bits, timeout);

	if (rc < 0) {
		update_ERRNO_int(errno);
		/* bit masks are undefined, so delete all array entries */
		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(fds)/sizeof(fds[0]); i++) {
			if (fds[i].flat) {
				size_t j;
				for (j = 0; j < fds[i].flat->count; j++)
					fds[i].flat->elements[j].flags |= AWK_ELEMENT_DELETE;
				if (! release_flattened_array(fds[i].array.array_cookie, fds[i].flat))
					warning(ext_id, _("select: release_flattened_array failed"));
				free(fds[i].array2fd);
			}
		}
		return make_number(rc, result);
	}

	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(fds)/sizeof(fds[0]); i++) {
		if (fds[i].flat) {
			size_t j;
			/* remove array elements not set in the bit mask */
			for (j = 0; j < fds[i].flat->count; j++) {
				if (! FD_ISSET(fds[i].array2fd[j], &fds[i].bits))
					fds[i].flat->elements[j].flags |= AWK_ELEMENT_DELETE;
			}
			if (! release_flattened_array(fds[i].array.array_cookie, fds[i].flat))
				warning(ext_id, _("select: release_flattened_array failed"));
			free(fds[i].array2fd);
		}
	}

	/* Set the return value */
	return make_number(rc, result);
}

static awk_ext_func_t func_table[] = {
	{ "select", do_select, 5 },
};

/* define the dl_load function using the boilerplate macro */

dl_load_func(func_table, select, "")

--6c2NcOVqGQ03X4Wi--

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I just pushed a new "select" branch.  It fixes the problem with starting
coprocesses and pipes.

I still don't know how to run the BEGINFILE rule for the first file.
In gawkapi.c:api_get_file, here's where I need help:

        if ((name == NULL) || (namelen == 0)) {
                if (curfile == NULL) {
                        if (nextfile(& curfile, false) <= 0)
                                return NULL;
                        /* XXX Fix me! */
                        fputs("Bug: need to call BEGINFILE!\n", stderr);
                }
                return &curfile->public;
        }

Does anybody know how to solve this?

This test program now works OK:

@load "select"
@load "time"

BEGIN {
   start = gettimeofday()
   cmd["echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3"] = "|<"
   cmd["sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3"] = "|<"

   delete writefds
   delete exceptds
   while (length(cmd) > 0) {
      delete readfds
      for (i in cmd)
	 readfds[i] = cmd[i]
      switch (select(readfds, writefds, exceptfds)) {
      case -1:
	 printf "Error: select failed: %s\n", ERRNO > "/dev/stderr"
	 exit 1
      case 0:
	 print "Timeout.  Trying again."
	 break
      default:
	 for (i in readfds) {
	    if ((rc = (i | getline x)) > 0)
	       printf "%.6f cmd [%s]: %s\n", gettimeofday()-start, i, x
	    else {
	       delete cmd[i]
	       if (rc < 0) {
		  printf "Error: getline(%s) failed, errno = %s\n", i, ERRNO
		  erc = 1
	       }
	    }
	 }
	 break
      }
   }
   exit erc+0
}

Here's the output:
bash-4.1$ ./gawk -f /tmp/multiplex.awk 
0.001883 cmd [echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3]: A:msg1
1.002844 cmd [echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3]: A:msg2
1.003278 cmd [sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3]: B:msg1
3.003809 cmd [echo A:msg1; sleep 1; echo A:msg2; sleep 2; echo A:msg3]: A:msg3
4.005850 cmd [sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3]: B:msg2
4.005888 cmd [sleep 1; echo B:msg1; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 1; echo B:msg3]: B:msg3

And I am still seeking input on the current behavior of TCP server sockets, as
discussed here:

On Sun, Jun 30, 2013 at 05:19:24PM -0400, Andrew J. Schorr wrote:
> 3. The tcp server logic was designed to be single-threaded.  If you try to read
> input from a server socket, it waits for a client to connect, closes the
> listener socket, and then processes I/O from the newly connected socket.  If I
> could start over, I'd change the TCP server mechanism to work something like
> this:
> 
>    server = "/inet/tcp/8080/0/0"
>    while (1) {
>       # wait for a client to connect
>       server |& getline client
>       # at this point, client contains the handle for the connected socket,
>       # something like "/inet/tcp/8080/client-host/client-port", and the server
>       # socket should still be open to accept new connections!
>       while ((client |& getline x) > 0)
> 	 printf "client %s says: %s\n", client, x
>       close(client)
>    }
> 
> If it had been done that way, it would be easy to use the new select
> multiplexing mechanisms to service multiple connected clients at once.
> Since it was not designed that way, I'm not sure how best to remedy this.
> I guess we can add a function to open a socket to listen for connections,
> and another to accept connections, but it may be painful to integrate this
> into the existing socket I/O scheme.  A separate BSD-style API would be
> easy to implement, but it seems suboptimal to have 2 different approaches
> to networking.  Does anbody have any thoughts on how best to solve this?

It occurs to me to wonder whether anybody actually uses TCP server sockets
in the current implementation.  I suspect it is not heavily used, since
the current features are so limited.  I wonder if it's worth changing it
to work as I suggest above...

My next steps are to implement signal handling and then look at the
behavior of getline with timeouts and non-blocking I/O.  Arnold suggested
having getline return -2 and set ERRNO to ETIMEDOUT (or I guess EAGAIN
for a situation where it would block).  One immediate question that
pops to mind: normally, ERRNO contains a string such as "Connection timed out",
not ETIMEDOUT.  And I assume this message varies based on locale.  So I don't
see how client code could test for this unless we define some global variables
ETIMEDOUT and EGAIN that contain the localized versions of those messages.
Or would it be better to hardwire ERRNO to say "ETIMEDOUT" instead of the
localized error message associated with that?

Regards,
Andy

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Am 01.07.2013 03:09, schrieb Andrew J. Schorr:
>
> It occurs to me to wonder whether anybody actually uses TCP server sockets
> in the current implementation.  I suspect it is not heavily used, since
> the current features are so limited.  I wonder if it's worth changing it
> to work as I suggest above...

Good question, I also doubt that there are many users.
Now that the extension mechanism is established, we should
reconsider if it really makes sense to have sockets in the main
gawk implementation. If you found a way to implement sockets
in an extension and this extension co-operates nicely with a
"select extension" and you would draw the consequence of
suggesting sockets to be kicked out of the main gawk source
tree into an extension, then I would vote in favour of this idea.


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On Mon, Jul 01, 2013 at 05:49:53PM +0200, J=FCrgen Kahrs wrote:
> Am 01.07.2013 03:09, schrieb Andrew J. Schorr:
> > It occurs to me to wonder whether anybody actually uses TCP server so=
ckets
> > in the current implementation.  I suspect it is not heavily used, sin=
ce
> > the current features are so limited.  I wonder if it's worth changing=
 it
> > to work as I suggest above...
>=20
> Good question, I also doubt that there are many users.
> Now that the extension mechanism is established, we should
> reconsider if it really makes sense to have sockets in the main
> gawk implementation. If you found a way to implement sockets
> in an extension and this extension co-operates nicely with a
> "select extension" and you would draw the consequence of
> suggesting sockets to be kicked out of the main gawk source
> tree into an extension, then I would vote in favour of this idea.

I did not intend to propose removing sockets from the main gawk source.  =
I
think it may be possible to improve the current implementation of TCP ser=
ver
sockets.  I am simply proposing that when somebody runs getline on a TCP =
server
socket, instead of closing the server socket and returning data from the =
newly
connected socket, it should instead leave the server socket open and retu=
rn the
new filename for the connected socket.  This would enable a true TCP
multiplexing server to be implemented.  I think this can be done without
changing anything else in the current sockets implementation.

The problem code is in io.c:socketopen() here:

                                if (type =3D=3D SOCK_STREAM) {
                                        int clientsocket_fd =3D INVALID_H=
ANDLE;

                                        struct sockaddr_storage remote_ad=
dr;
                                        socklen_t namelen =3D sizeof(remo=
te_addr);

                                        if (listen(socket_fd, 1) >=3D 0
                                            && (clientsocket_fd =3D accep=
t(socket_fd,
                                                (struct sockaddr *) & rem=
ote_addr,
                                                & namelen)) >=3D 0) {
                                                closemaybesocket(socket_f=
d);
                                                socket_fd =3D clientsocke=
t_fd;
                                                break;
                                        }

It calls listen, then accept, and then close on the server socket fd.  I =
would
remove those calls to accept and close, and just return the server socket=
 after
calling listen.

We then need to have a special input parser for TCP server sockets that
would accept new connections and build a new file handle for the connecte=
d
socket.

I haven't looked at UDP sockets.  There may be a similar problem with UDP
server sockets.

Of course, it would be much simpler to have a normal BSD-style socket
extension.  But it would lose the AWK character of the current implementa=
tion.

Another alternative is to leave the current socket code as is, and simply
add a BSD-style sockets API in an extension.  They should be able to coex=
ist
without any problem.

Regards,
Andy

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Hi,

I just pushed code that seems to work.  Calls to getline should return -2
when an operation would block or timed out.

Here is some sample code to demonstrate that it works:

@load "select"
@load "time"

BEGIN {
   cmd["echo msg1; echo msg2; sleep 1; echo msg3"] = "|<"
   cmd["echo B:msg1; sleep 3; echo B:msg2; echo B:msg3; sleep 1; echo B:msg4"] = "|<"
   for (i in cmd)
      set_non_blocking(i, cmd[i])

   delete writefds
   delete exceptds
   start = gettimeofday()
   while (length(cmd) > 0) {
      delete readfds
      for (i in cmd)
	 readfds[i] = cmd[i]
      switch (select(readfds, writefds, exceptfds)) {
      case -1:
	 printf "Error: select failed: %s\n", ERRNO > "/dev/stderr"
	 exit 1
      case 0:
	 print "Timeout.  Trying again."
	 break
      default:
	 for (i in readfds) {
	    while ((rc = (i | getline x)) > 0)
	       printf "%.1f cmd [%s]: %s\n", gettimeofday()-start, i, x
	    if (rc != -2) {
	       delete cmd[i]
	       if (rc < 0) {
		  printf "Error: getline(%s) failed, errno = %s\n", i, ERRNO
		  erc = 1
	       }
	    }
	 }
	 break
      }
   }
   exit erc+0
}

bash-4.1$ gawk -f /tmp/bufferbug.awk 
0.0 cmd [echo B:msg1; sleep 3; echo B:msg2; echo B:msg3; sleep 1; echo B:msg4]: B:msg1
0.0 cmd [echo msg1; echo msg2; sleep 1; echo msg3]: msg1
0.0 cmd [echo msg1; echo msg2; sleep 1; echo msg3]: msg2
1.0 cmd [echo msg1; echo msg2; sleep 1; echo msg3]: msg3
3.0 cmd [echo B:msg1; sleep 3; echo B:msg2; echo B:msg3; sleep 1; echo B:msg4]: B:msg2
3.0 cmd [echo B:msg1; sleep 3; echo B:msg2; echo B:msg3; sleep 1; echo B:msg4]: B:msg3
4.0 cmd [echo B:msg1; sleep 3; echo B:msg2; echo B:msg3; sleep 1; echo B:msg4]: B:msg4

Everything now prints at the correct time.

There is one thing that took me by surprise.  In io.c:wait_any, I had to
make the following patch:

@@ -2210,12 +2210,13 @@ wait_any(int interesting)	/* pid of interest, if any */
 				if (pid == redp->pid) {
 					redp->pid = -1;
 					redp->status = status;
-					break;
+					goto finished;
 				}
 		}
 		if (pid == -1 && errno == ECHILD)
 			break;
 	}
+finished:
 	signal(SIGHUP, hstat);
 	signal(SIGQUIT, qstat);
 #endif

I would appreciate it if you can check my logic.  Without the patch, gawk hangs
in wait_any(0) waiting for children after the first child returns EOF.  It
loops over calls to wait until wait returns -1.  The patch tells it to
return from wait_any after it reaps one child.  Is there a reason for the
existing behavior where it waits until it has reaped all children?

I'm also not 100% confident that my patches to io.c are correct.  It does
pass "make check" successfully.

Overall, I think it basically works.  I am aware of 3 outstanding issues.
The first is the big one.

1. I need to find a way to patch gawkapi.c:api_get_file to run the BEGINFILE
code after opening the first input file.  Any guidance on this would be
appreciated.

2. I added 2 hooks to the api: lookup_file, and get_file.  In the end, I am
using only get_file.  Is it worth leaving lookup_file in place, or should
it be withdrawn?  I'm not sure how useful it is.

3. Regarding the existing TCP/UDP server paradigm: I'm not sure whether it's
worth changing the existing approach.  It may make more sense to add a separate
extension for supporting servers properly that gives a bit more control.  The
existing scheme works fine for clients, but I don't think it really works for
servers.  I'm open to ideas on this.  It's really a separate discussion.

FYI, I tested the new "select" branch on Cygwin.  It passes "make check",
and the sample code above works properly.  It also seems to catch signals,
although it looks like the Cygwin select call is not interrupted by signals,
so they won't be detected until something else causes the select to exit.

Regards,
Andy

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I committed the patch to get the BEGINFILE rules to work.  I also withdrew
the unused lookup_file API, since I think it is perhaps unwise.

I have done some simple testing on Linux and Cygwin.  I am attaching
a simple test script that exercises some of the features.  You should
send a SIGINT to the process to see what happens.

You can find the code in the "select" git branch, or you can try this
tarball: http://sourceforge.net/projects/gawkextlib/files/gawk-select.tar.xz

Here is a summary of the changes.  I haven't written any test cases or
documentation yet.  I guess the first question is whether the changes
to the core gawk distribution will be accepted.  If yes, then there's a 
question of whether the two new extensions should be in the core distribution
as well.

Changes to gawk core:
- The numeric value of errno corresponding to the ERRNO variable can
  now be found in PROCINFO["errno"].
- The gawk API has a new "get_file" hook that will find or open a file.
  It takes 2 arguments: the usual awk filename, plus a file type:
     ">", ">>", "<", "|>", "|<", or "|&"
- When an I/O operation fails due to a timeout, interrupt, or because it would
  block, getline should now return -2 and NOT close the file.
- Fixed what appears to be a bug in wait_any that caused it to wait for
  all child processes to exit instead of just one.

New errno extension providing 3 functions:
- strerror(<integer errno value>) returns the strerror value, else ""
  for an invalid argument.
- errno2name(<integer errno value>) returns the symbolic name for an errno,
  else "" for an unknown value.
- name2errno(<string error name>) returns the symbolic name for an errno, else
  -1 on error.

Examples:
   bash-4.1$ echo 11 | gawk -l errno '{print errno2name($1), strerror($1)}'
   EAGAIN Resource temporarily unavailable
   bash-4.1$ echo EAGAIN | gawk -l errno '{print name2errno($1)}'
   11

New select extension providing 3 functions:
- select_signal(<signal name>, {default|ignore|trap})
  Returns 0 on success or -1 on error.  Any trapped signals will be reported
  in the results from the select function.
- set_non_blocking(<command>, <command type>)
  Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.  The command is a normal gawk-style
  command string, and the file type is one of:
     ">", ">>", "<", "|>", "|<", or "|&"
  Note: if the <command> has a numeric value and the <command type> is
  omitted or empty, the function treats the argument as an integer fd value
  and sets it to non-blocking.
- select(<readfds>, <writefds>, <exceptfds>, <timeout>, <signals>)
  Returns -1 on error or the number of file descriptors that matched.
  On return, the <signals> array contains a list of signals that were trapped
  since the last call.  The index is the signal number, and the value
  will be the symbolic signal name (e.g. "INT") if we are able to look it up.
  If <timeout> is present and numeric, that is the maximum number of seconds
  to wait.  Otherwise, it will block indefinitely.
  The <readfds>, <writefds>, and <exceptfds> arrays will have the <command>
  in the index, and the <command type> as the value.  This works the same
  way as the set_non_blocking function.  If the index value is numeric
  and the value is "", it will be treated as a file descriptor.

One note regarding signal behavior: the extension uses sigaction to request
that signal calls be restarted.  But on Linux, the "select" is always
interrupted in any case.  So that's nice -- the signals get delivered quickly.
On Cygwin, I noticed that select does seem to restart, so the signal is
not delivered to the application right away.

That's all I can think of.  Please test it and let me know if it works for you.
Feedback on the design would also be appreciated.

As I mentioned previously, TCP and UDP servers do not work well because of the
design of the current socket implementation.  We may need to write a new
sockets extension to implement servers properly.  To do so my require a
new API function that allows an extension to insert a file descriptor
(and associated filename) into the io.c:red_head struct redirect list.
I think it basically just needs an additional fd arg for a file that is
already open.

I will now return to my day job. :-)

Regards,
Andy

--ZPt4rx8FFjLCG7dd
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="multiplex.awk"

@load "select"
@load "time"
@load "errno"

BEGIN {
   print "My pid is", PROCINFO["pid"]
   select_signal("int", "trap")

   cmd["echo A:msg1; sleep 2; echo A:msg2; echo A:backtoback; sleep 4; echo A:msg3"] = "|<"
   cmd["sleep 3; echo B:msg1; echo B:again; sleep 2; echo B:msg2; sleep 4; echo B:msg3"] = "|<"

   for (i in cmd)
      set_non_blocking(i, cmd[i])

   delete writefds
   delete exceptds
   start = gettimeofday()
   EINTR = name2errno("EINTR")
   while (length(cmd) > 0) {
      delete readfds
      for (i in cmd)
	 readfds[i] = cmd[i]
      rc = select(readfds, writefds, exceptfds, "", sigs)
      for (i in sigs)
	 printf "Caught signal %d (%s)\n", i, sigs[i]
      switch (rc) {
      case -1:
	 if (PROCINFO["errno"] == EINTR) {
	    print "Select failed due to EINTR; trying again."
	    break
	 }
	 printf "Error: select failed: %s\n", ERRNO > "/dev/stderr"
	 exit 1
      case 0:
	 print "Timeout.  Trying again."
	 break
      default:
	 for (i in readfds) {
	    while ((rc = (i | getline x)) > 0)
	       printf "%.1f cmd [%s]: %s\n", gettimeofday()-start, i, x
	    if (rc != -2) {
	       delete cmd[i]
	       if (rc < 0) {
		  printf "Error: getline(%s) failed, errno = %s\n", i, ERRNO
		  erc = 1
	       }
	    }
	 }
	 break
      }
   }
   exit erc+0
}

--ZPt4rx8FFjLCG7dd--

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I tried the UDP server/client example from the manual today, and it
didn't work for me with Gawk 4.1.3, neither on MS-Windows nor on
GNU/Linux.  Did some code bitrot?  Can anyone make that example work?

TIA

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Am 28.02.2016 um 19:06 schrieb Eli Zaretskii:
> I tried the UDP server/client example from the manual today, and it
> didn't work for me with Gawk 4.1.3, neither on MS-Windows nor on
> GNU/Linux.  Did some code bitrot?  Can anyone make that example work?

I can reproduce the problem with Gawk 4.1.1.
Both (UDP server and UDP client) don't work correctly.

The UDP server can receive data (I tested this by
sending him data with the netcat tool), but the UDP
server cannot reply. The problem seems to have to
do with an unrecognized address family (in io.c)  that
is passed to the "connect" function when connecting
to remote_addr.

The UDP client cannot send data. After successful
connection, something in the interpreter tries to do
an

    lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)

These problems have probably come up at the time when
the gethostbyname() was replaced with getaddrinfo().
I vaguely remember that only the TCP connections were
tested at that time and the UDP connections did not work.


--------------050908080004020900060306
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<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 28.02.2016 um 19:06 schrieb Eli
      Zaretskii:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:83egbwaevv.fsf@gnu.org" type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">I tried the UDP server/client example from the manual today, and it
didn't work for me with Gawk 4.1.3, neither on MS-Windows nor on
GNU/Linux.  Did some code bitrot?  Can anyone make that example work?</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    I can reproduce the problem with Gawk 4.1.1.<br>
    Both (UDP server and UDP client) don't work correctly.<br>
    <br>
    The UDP server can receive data (I tested this by<br>
    sending him data with the netcat tool), but the UDP<br>
    server cannot reply. The problem seems to have to<br>
    do with an unrecognized address family (in io.c)  that<br>
    is passed to the "connect" function when connecting<br>
    to remote_addr.<br>
    <br>
    The UDP client cannot send data. After successful<br>
    connection, something in the interpreter tries to do<br>
    an <br>
    <blockquote><tt>lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE
        (Illegal seek)</tt><br>
    </blockquote>
    These problems have probably come up at the time when<br>
    the gethostbyname() was replaced with getaddrinfo().<br>
    I vaguely remember that only the TCP connections were<br>
    tested at that time and the UDP connections did not work.<br>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------050908080004020900060306--

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From: Aharon Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
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Date: Mon, 29 Feb 2016 07:29:46 +0200
To: juergen.kahrs@googlemail.com, gawk-devel@gnu.org
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Hi Juergen,

Can you take a look at making this work again?  It's entirely possible
I messed something up when I moved to getaddrinfo.  I don't have tons
of cycles at the moment, so I could use some help on this.

Thanks!

Arnold

> From: "J??rgen Kahrs" <juergen.kahrs@googlemail.com>
> To: gawk-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Sun, 28 Feb 2016 21:02:23 +0100
> Subject: Re: [gawk-devel] UDP networking doesn't work?
>
> Am 28.02.2016 um 19:06 schrieb Eli Zaretskii:
> > I tried the UDP server/client example from the manual today, and it
> > didn't work for me with Gawk 4.1.3, neither on MS-Windows nor on
> > GNU/Linux.  Did some code bitrot?  Can anyone make that example work?
>
> I can reproduce the problem with Gawk 4.1.1.
> Both (UDP server and UDP client) don't work correctly.
>
> The UDP server can receive data (I tested this by
> sending him data with the netcat tool), but the UDP
> server cannot reply. The problem seems to have to
> do with an unrecognized address family (in io.c)  that
> is passed to the "connect" function when connecting
> to remote_addr.
>
> The UDP client cannot send data. After successful
> connection, something in the interpreter tries to do
> an
>
>     lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)
>
> These problems have probably come up at the time when
> the gethostbyname() was replaced with getaddrinfo().
> I vaguely remember that only the TCP connections were
> tested at that time and the UDP connections did not work.

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Am 29.02.2016 um 06:29 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
> Can you take a look at making this work again?  It's entirely possible
> I messed something up when I moved to getaddrinfo.  I don't have tons
> of cycles at the moment, so I could use some help on this.

The internal data structures to be used with
sockets today are very different from what we
have learned by reading Richard Stevens' books.
I will have a look at it next weekend.
If I find a solution, then I will send you a patch.


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On Mon, Feb 29, 2016 at 07:13:00PM +0100, J=FCrgen Kahrs wrote:
> Am 29.02.2016 um 06:29 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
> > Can you take a look at making this work again?  It's entirely possibl=
e
> > I messed something up when I moved to getaddrinfo.  I don't have tons
> > of cycles at the moment, so I could use some help on this.
>=20
> The internal data structures to be used with
> sockets today are very different from what we
> have learned by reading Richard Stevens' books.
> I will have a look at it next weekend.
> If I find a solution, then I will send you a patch.

If you are unable to solve it, it would at least be helpful to share some
specific examples with the expected and current (incorrect) behavior. Tha=
t
should make it much easier to troubleshoot and fix. I tried to strace the
process to see what's going on, but I'm not sure I was working on the rig=
ht
sample code.

Thanks,
Andy

From eliz@gnu.org Mon Feb 29 15:53:39 2016
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Subject: Re: [gawk-devel] UDP networking doesn't work?
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> Date: Mon, 29 Feb 2016 15:39:45 -0500
> From: "Andrew J. Schorr" <aschorr@telemetry-investments.com>
> Cc: gawk-devel@gnu.org
> 
> If you are unable to solve it, it would at least be helpful to share some
> specific examples with the expected and current (incorrect) behavior. That
> should make it much easier to troubleshoot and fix. I tried to strace the
> process to see what's going on, but I'm not sure I was working on the right
> sample code.

The sample code is from the manual:

     # Server
     BEGIN {
       print strftime() |& "/inet/udp/8888/0/0"
       close("/inet/udp/8888/0/0")
     }

     # Client
     BEGIN {
       "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888" |& getline
       print $0
       close("/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888")
     }

Launch the client first, then the server.  The server exists
immediately (after seemingly have sent the data), while the client
hangs without receiving anything.


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On Mon, Feb 29, 2016 at 10:53:19PM +0200, Eli Zaretskii wrote:
> The sample code is from the manual:
> 
>      # Server
>      BEGIN {
>        print strftime() |& "/inet/udp/8888/0/0"
>        close("/inet/udp/8888/0/0")
>      }
> 
>      # Client
>      BEGIN {
>        "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888" |& getline
>        print $0
>        close("/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888")
>      }
> 
> Launch the client first, then the server.  The server exists
> immediately (after seemingly have sent the data), while the client
> hangs without receiving anything.

Hmmm. When I run these on Linux using the gawk master branch,
they both hang. This is on Fedora 21.

According to strace, the client hangs reading this file descriptor:
   socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3
   bind(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(0), sin_addr=inet_addr("0.0.0.0")}, 16) = 0
   connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(8888), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 0
   ...
   dup(3)                                  = 4
   ...
   read(4, 
That looks sensible.

And the server hangs here:
   socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3
   bind(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(8888), sin_addr=inet_addr("0.0.0.0")}, 16) = 0
   recvfrom(3, 

I don't know why the server is binding that address and reading instead
of sending a packet to that address. Something is wrong.
And I also don't know why yours exits and mine hangs. Are you running
on Windows or Linux?

Regards,
Andy

From arnold@skeeve.com Sat Mar  5 23:10:12 2016
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Subject: Re: [gawk-devel] UDP networking doesn't work?
Cc: gawk-devel@gnu.org
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The UDP examples both hang for me, even when I go back as far as
gawk 3.1.0!

That's really strange.

Those are old binaries; I may try recompiling old code from source
to see what I get. I'm on Ubuntu 14.04.

If anyone can make progress on this before me, I'd appreciate it...

Thanks,

Arnold


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Hello Andrew,

> On Mon, Feb 29, 2016 at 07:13:00PM +0100, Jürgen Kahrs wrote:
>> Am 29.02.2016 um 06:29 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
>>> Can you take a look at making this work again?  It's entirely possible
>>> I messed something up when I moved to getaddrinfo.  I don't have tons
>>> of cycles at the moment, so I could use some help on this.
>> The internal data structures to be used with
>> sockets today are very different from what we
>> have learned by reading Richard Stevens' books.
>> I will have a look at it next weekend.
>> If I find a solution, then I will send you a patch.
> If you are unable to solve it, it would at least be helpful to share some
> specific examples with the expected and current (incorrect) behavior. That
> should make it much easier to troubleshoot and fix.

Eli has already pointed you to the example source code.
The source code he mentions is indeed the example source
code as listed in the doc.

> I tried to strace the
> process to see what's going on, but I'm not sure I was working on the right
> sample code.

I have also used strace to find out what's going wrong.
It is essential to see the system calls involved.
The bug originates in the recvfrom call (line 1598) in io.c (socketopen).
One the server side do this:
  strace gawk -f server.awk
On the client side, do this (instead of using client.awk):
  echo moin | netcat -u localhost 8888

Now look at what strace tells us.

    socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3
    bind(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(8888), sin_addr=inet_addr("0.0.0.0")}, 16) = 0
    recvfrom(3, "m", 1, MSG_PEEK, {sa_family=AF_UNSPEC, sa_data="\0\0\0\0\0\0\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"}, [16]) = 1
    connect(3, {sa_family=AF_UNSPEC, sa_data="\0\0\0\0\0\0\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"}, 16) = 0
    fcntl(3, F_GETFD)                       = 0
    fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
    fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR)
    fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
    mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f0217729000
    lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)

The address family as returned by recvfrom() is AF_UNSPEC,
instead of being AF_INET. The connect() call uses this wrong
address and things go even more wrongly. Even after reading
the man page, I haven't understood why we get AF_UNSPEC.
This behaviour may also depend on the configuration of the
network on your machine (IPv4 or IPv6 as default). From what
I understood, I would say that our problems is the same as
the one described here (in the "Answer" section):

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18108797/recvfrom-not-receiving-depending-on-ai-family-used

If you want to see what should happen if everything is fine,
replace server.awk and client.awk by similar netcat usage:

  echo $( date ) | netcat -l -u 8888          # server
  echo moin | netcat -u localhost 8888    # client

strace with netcat will show system calls similar to what gawk does.
Hmm, this example shows a slight difference to the
client.awk that we use. The "echo moin" of the client is
necessary, but the client.awk does not do this.
This difference explains what Arnold observed in gawk
since 3.1.0.

So, the example UDP client code contains a hang.
But besides this hang problem there is a different problem
with the AF_UNSPEC.

--------------030801080701090502000108
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<html>
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    <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hello Andrew,<br>
      <br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:20160229203945.GA30054@ti129.telemetry-investments.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">On Mon, Feb 29, 2016 at 07:13:00PM +0100, Jürgen Kahrs wrote:
</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">Am 29.02.2016 um 06:29 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
</pre>
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">Can you take a look at making this work again?  It's entirely possible
I messed something up when I moved to getaddrinfo.  I don't have tons
of cycles at the moment, so I could use some help on this.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
        <pre wrap="">
The internal data structures to be used with
sockets today are very different from what we
have learned by reading Richard Stevens' books.
I will have a look at it next weekend.
If I find a solution, then I will send you a patch.
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">
If you are unable to solve it, it would at least be helpful to share some
specific examples with the expected and current (incorrect) behavior. That
should make it much easier to troubleshoot and fix.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Eli has already pointed you to the example source code.<br>
    The source code he mentions is indeed the example source<br>
    code as listed in the doc.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:20160229203945.GA30054@ti129.telemetry-investments.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">I tried to strace the
process to see what's going on, but I'm not sure I was working on the right
sample code.
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    I have also used strace to find out what's going wrong.<br>
    It is essential to see the system calls involved.<br>
    The bug originates in the recvfrom call (line 1598) in io.c
    (socketopen).<br>
    One the server side do this:<br>
      <tt>strace gawk -f server.awk</tt><br>
    On the client side, do this (instead of using client.awk):<br>
      <tt>echo moin | netcat -u localhost 8888</tt><tt><br>
    </tt><br>
    Now look at what strace tells us.<br>
    <blockquote><tt>socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>bind(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(8888),
        sin_addr=inet_addr("0.0.0.0")}, 16) = 0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>recvfrom(3, "m", 1, MSG_PEEK, {<font color="#ff0000">sa_family=AF_UNSPEC</font>,
        sa_data="\0\0\0\0\0\0\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"}, [16]) = 1</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>connect(3, {sa_family=AF_UNSPEC,
        sa_data="\0\0\0\0\0\0\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"}, 16) = 0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>fcntl(3, F_GETFD)                       = 0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x2 (flags
        O_RDWR)</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
        MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f0217729000</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE
        (Illegal seek)</tt><tt><br>
      </tt></blockquote>
    The address family as returned by recvfrom() is AF_UNSPEC,<br>
    instead of being AF_INET. The connect() call uses this wrong<br>
    address and things go even more wrongly. Even after reading<br>
    the man page, I haven't understood why we get AF_UNSPEC.<br>
    This behaviour may also depend on the configuration of the<br>
    network on your machine (IPv4 or IPv6 as default). From what<br>
    I understood, I would say that our problems is the same as<br>
    the one described here (in the "Answer" section):<br>
    <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18108797/recvfrom-not-receiving-depending-on-ai-family-used">http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18108797/recvfrom-not-receiving-depending-on-ai-family-used</a><br>
    <br>
    If you want to see what should happen if everything is fine,<br>
    replace server.awk and client.awk by similar netcat usage:<br>
    <br>
      echo $( date ) | netcat -l -u 8888          # server<br>
      echo moin | netcat -u localhost 8888    # client<br>
    <br>
    strace with netcat will show system calls similar to what gawk does.<br>
    Hmm, this example shows a slight difference to the<br>
    client.awk that we use. The "echo moin" of the client is<br>
    necessary, but the client.awk does not do this.<br>
    This difference explains what Arnold observed in gawk<br>
    since 3.1.0.<br>
    <br>
    So, the example UDP client code contains a hang.<br>
    But besides this hang problem there is a different problem<br>
    with the AF_UNSPEC.<br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------030801080701090502000108--

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Date: Sun, 6 Mar 2016 11:28:57 -0700
From: Michal Jaegermann <michal.jnn@gmail.com>
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On Sun, Mar 06, 2016 at 03:57:41PM +0100, Jürgen Kahrs wrote:
> 
> The address family as returned by recvfrom() is AF_UNSPEC,
> instead of being AF_INET.

'man 3 getaddrinfo', at least on Linux,  says the following:

The value AF_UNSPEC indicates that getaddrinfo() should return socket
addresses  for any address family (either IPv4 or IPv6, for example) that can
be used with node and service.

> Even after reading
> the man page, I haven't understood why we get AF_UNSPEC.

Sockets may have IPv4 addresses, or IPv6, or both; so AF_UNSPEC
looks correct but it appears that handling that is somewhat more involved
(like in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18108797 you are quoting).
It appears from the net search that the same trouble was bumped into
many times.

   Michal

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I also tried using /inet4/... in the client and server, and it didn't
make any difference.  Any idea why?

Thanks,

Arnold

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Am 06.03.2016 um 20:20 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
> I also tried using /inet4/... in the client and server, and it didn't
> make any difference.  Any idea why?

I also played a bit with inet4 and it did not help.
It must be getaddrinfo() that returns AF_UNSPEC.


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Can anyone get the original code to work? I tried compiling 3.1.0
and I get the same hangs.

I don't mind trying to fix the logic, but I need to know what the
right steps are.

Thanks,

Arnold

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Am 06.03.2016 um 20:17 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
> Can anyone get the original code to work? I tried compiling 3.1.0
> and I get the same hangs.

I tried http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.0.tar.gz
but couldnt build because the "configure" script hangs
in check of mktime.

I tried http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.8.tar.gz
and it built.

The behaviour of the server example is similar (hangs)
but there is a slight difference:

    socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3
    bind(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(8888), sin_addr=inet_addr("0.0.0.0")}, 16) = 0
    recvfrom(3, "m", 1, MSG_PEEK, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(57669), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, [16]) = 1
    connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(57669), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 0
    fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
    fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
    fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR)


So the problem with the AF_UNSPEC did not appear
in gawk 3.1.8. The server script can send its string
to a client (I used the netcat client). The client did
receive the string. But the server script was unable
to terminate properly.

    fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
    mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fd1d4190000
    lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)

This illegal seek also appears when gawk is built from
the current master.


> I don't mind trying to fix the logic, but I need to know what the
> right steps are.

It looks like 3 bugs:
1. Handling of AF_UNSPEC (correct in 3.1.8, wrong in master)
2. illegal seek (appears in both)
3. client script behaviour wrong in both



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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 06.03.2016 um 20:17 schrieb Aharon
      Robbins:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:201603061917.u26JHNwQ006986@skeeve.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">Can anyone get the original code to work? I tried compiling 3.1.0
and I get the same hangs.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    I tried <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.0.tar.gz">http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.0.tar.gz</a><br>
    but couldnt build because the "configure" script hangs<br>
    in check of mktime.<br>
    <br>
    I tried <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.8.tar.gz">http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.8.tar.gz</a><br>
    and it built.<br>
    <br>
    The behaviour of the server example is similar (hangs)<br>
    but there is a slight difference:<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote><tt>socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>bind(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(8888),
        sin_addr=inet_addr("0.0.0.0")}, 16) = 0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>recvfrom(3, "m", 1, MSG_PEEK, {<font color="#ff0000">sa_family=AF_INET</font>,
        sin_port=htons(57669), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, [16]) =
        1</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(57669),
        sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x2 (flags
        O_RDWR)</tt><tt><br>
      </tt></blockquote>
    <br>
    So the problem with the AF_UNSPEC did not appear<br>
    in gawk 3.1.8. The server script can send its string<br>
    to a client (I used the netcat client). The client did<br>
    receive the string. But the server script was unable<br>
    to terminate properly.<br>
    <blockquote><tt>fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) =
        0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
        MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fd1d4190000</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (<font
          color="#ff0000">Illegal seek</font>)</tt><tt><br>
      </tt></blockquote>
    This illegal seek also appears when gawk is built from<br>
    the current master.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:201603061917.u26JHNwQ006986@skeeve.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">I don't mind trying to fix the logic, but I need to know what the
right steps are.
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    It looks like 3 bugs:<br>
    1. Handling of AF_UNSPEC (correct in 3.1.8, wrong in master)<br>
    2. illegal seek (appears in both)<br>
    3. client script behaviour wrong in both<br>
    <br>
    <br>
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Am 06.03.2016 um 20:54 schrieb Jürgen Kahrs:
> Am 06.03.2016 um 20:17 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
>> Can anyone get the original code to work? I tried compiling 3.1.0
>> and I get the same hangs.
>
> I tried http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.0.tar.gz
> but couldnt build because the "configure" script hangs
> in check of mktime.
>
> I tried http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.8.tar.gz
> and it built.
>
> The behaviour of the server example is similar (hangs)
> but there is a slight difference:
>
>     socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3
>     bind(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(8888), sin_addr=inet_addr("0.0.0.0")}, 16) = 0
>     recvfrom(3, "m", 1, MSG_PEEK, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(57669), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, [16]) = 1
>     connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(57669), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 0
>     fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
>     fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
>     fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR)
>
>
> So the problem with the AF_UNSPEC did not appear
> in gawk 3.1.8. The server script can send its string
> to a client (I used the netcat client). The client did
> receive the string. But the server script was unable
> to terminate properly.

I have found a way to change the behaviour of the  GAWK master
source code so that it behaves again in the same (correct) way as
described above for GAWK 3.1.8:

    --- a/io.c
    +++ b/io.c
    @@ -1593,7 +1593,7 @@ socketopen(int family, int type, const char *localpname,
     #ifdef MSG_PEEK
                                            char buf[10];
                                            struct sockaddr_storage remote_addr;
    -                                       socklen_t read_len = 0;
    +                                       socklen_t read_len = sizeof remote_addr;


recvfrom() was unable to pass the remote address only
because read_len was 0. It was a bit frustrating that such
a detail was silently ignored in the past and causes problems
in the more recent OS installations.

The other 2 problems that I listed below are still open.

>     fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
>     mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fd1d4190000
>     lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)
>
> This illegal seek also appears when gawk is built from
> the current master.
>
>
>> I don't mind trying to fix the logic, but I need to know what the
>> right steps are.
>
> It looks like 3 bugs:
> 1. Handling of AF_UNSPEC (correct in 3.1.8, wrong in master)
> 2. illegal seek (appears in both)
> 3. client script behaviour wrong in both
>
>


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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 06.03.2016 um 20:54 schrieb Jürgen
      Kahrs:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:56DC8AFB.80708@googlemail.com" type="cite">
      <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
        http-equiv="Content-Type">
      <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 06.03.2016 um 20:17 schrieb Aharon
        Robbins:<br>
      </div>
      <blockquote cite="mid:201603061917.u26JHNwQ006986@skeeve.com"
        type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">Can anyone get the original code to work? I tried compiling 3.1.0
and I get the same hangs.</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
      I tried <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.0.tar.gz">http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.0.tar.gz</a><br>
      but couldnt build because the "configure" script hangs<br>
      in check of mktime.<br>
      <br>
      I tried <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.8.tar.gz">http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.8.tar.gz</a><br>
      and it built.<br>
      <br>
      The behaviour of the server example is similar (hangs)<br>
      but there is a slight difference:<br>
      <br>
      <blockquote><tt>socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3</tt><tt><br>
        </tt><tt>bind(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(8888),
          sin_addr=inet_addr("0.0.0.0")}, 16) = 0</tt><tt><br>
        </tt><tt>recvfrom(3, "m", 1, MSG_PEEK, {<font color="#ff0000">sa_family=AF_INET</font>,
          sin_port=htons(57669), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, [16])
          = 1</tt><tt><br>
        </tt><tt>connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(57669),
          sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 0</tt><tt><br>
        </tt><tt>fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0</tt><tt><br>
        </tt><tt>fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0</tt><tt><br>
        </tt><tt>fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x2 (flags
          O_RDWR)</tt><tt><br>
        </tt></blockquote>
      <br>
      So the problem with the AF_UNSPEC did not appear<br>
      in gawk 3.1.8. The server script can send its string<br>
      to a client (I used the netcat client). The client did<br>
      receive the string. But the server script was unable<br>
      to terminate properly.<br>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    I have found a way to change the behaviour of the  GAWK master<br>
    source code so that it behaves again in the same (correct) way as<br>
    described above for GAWK 3.1.8:<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote><tt>--- a/io.c</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>+++ b/io.c</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>@@ -1593,7 +1593,7 @@ socketopen(int family, int type,
        const char *localpname,</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt> #ifdef MSG_PEEK</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>                                        char buf[10];</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>                                        struct
        sockaddr_storage remote_addr;</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>-                                       socklen_t
        read_len = <font color="#ff0000">0</font>;</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>+                                       socklen_t
        read_len = <font color="#33ff33">sizeof remote_addr</font>;</tt><tt><br>
      </tt></blockquote>
    <br>
    recvfrom() was unable to pass the remote address only<br>
    because read_len was 0. It was a bit frustrating that such<br>
    a detail was silently ignored in the past and causes problems<br>
    in the more recent OS installations.<br>
    <br>
    The other 2 problems that I listed below are still open.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:56DC8AFB.80708@googlemail.com" type="cite">
      <blockquote><tt>fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...})
          = 0</tt><tt><br>
        </tt><tt>mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
          MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fd1d4190000</tt><tt><br>
        </tt><tt>lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (<font
            color="#ff0000">Illegal seek</font>)</tt><tt><br>
        </tt></blockquote>
      This illegal seek also appears when gawk is built from<br>
      the current master.<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <blockquote cite="mid:201603061917.u26JHNwQ006986@skeeve.com"
        type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">I don't mind trying to fix the logic, but I need to know what the
right steps are.
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
      It looks like 3 bugs:<br>
      1. Handling of AF_UNSPEC (correct in 3.1.8, wrong in master)<br>
      2. illegal seek (appears in both)<br>
      3. client script behaviour wrong in both<br>
      <br>
      <br>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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--------------030404060803030609050400
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Am 06.03.2016 um 20:54 schrieb Jürgen Kahrs:
>
>     fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
>     mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fd1d4190000
>     lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)
>
> This illegal seek also appears when gawk is built from
> the current master.

The illegal seek seems to cause no damage.
It happens in io.c two_way_open:

    rp->output.fp = fdopen(fd, binmode("wb"));

Is it necessary and worth the effort to avoid
the illegal seek ? I don't know.

>
>
>> I don't mind trying to fix the logic, but I need to know what the
>> right steps are.
>
> It looks like 3 bugs:
> 1. Handling of AF_UNSPEC (correct in 3.1.8, wrong in master)

Solved, see previous posting.

> 2. illegal seek (appears in both)

Can probably be ignored.

> 3. client script behaviour wrong in both

A modification of the UDP client solves this problem:

    # Client
    BEGIN {
      print "moin" |& "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888"
      "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888" |& getline
      print $0
      close("/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888")
    }


The difference is in the very first print command.
I am not really happy with this behaviour (because
it is different from the equivalent TCP client) but it
works.


--------------030404060803030609050400
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<html>
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    <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
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  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 06.03.2016 um 20:54 schrieb Jürgen
      Kahrs:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:56DC8AFB.80708@googlemail.com" type="cite">
      <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
        http-equiv="Content-Type">
      <br>
      <blockquote><tt>fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0777, st_size=0, ...})
          = 0</tt><tt><br>
        </tt><tt>mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
          MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fd1d4190000</tt><tt><br>
        </tt><tt>lseek(3, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (<font
            color="#ff0000">Illegal seek</font>)</tt><tt><br>
        </tt></blockquote>
      This illegal seek also appears when gawk is built from<br>
      the current master.<br>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    The illegal seek seems to cause no damage.<br>
    It happens in io.c two_way_open: <br>
    <br>
    <blockquote><tt>rp-&gt;output.fp = fdopen(fd, binmode("wb"));</tt><tt><br>
      </tt></blockquote>
    Is it necessary and worth the effort to avoid<br>
    the illegal seek ? I don't know.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:56DC8AFB.80708@googlemail.com" type="cite"> <br>
      <br>
      <blockquote cite="mid:201603061917.u26JHNwQ006986@skeeve.com"
        type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">I don't mind trying to fix the logic, but I need to know what the
right steps are.
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
      It looks like 3 bugs:<br>
      1. Handling of AF_UNSPEC (correct in 3.1.8, wrong in master)<br>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Solved, see previous posting.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:56DC8AFB.80708@googlemail.com" type="cite"> 2.
      illegal seek (appears in both)<br>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Can probably be ignored.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:56DC8AFB.80708@googlemail.com" type="cite"> 3.
      client script behaviour wrong in both<br>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    A modification of the UDP client solves this problem:<br>
    <blockquote><tt># Client</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>BEGIN {</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>  print "moin" |&amp; "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888"</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>  "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888" |&amp; getline</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>  print $0</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>  close("/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888")</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>}</tt><tt><br>
      </tt></blockquote>
    <br>
    The difference is in the very first print command.<br>
    I am not really happy with this behaviour (because<br>
    it is different from the equivalent TCP client) but it<br>
    works.<br>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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> From: "Jürgen Kahrs" <juergen.kahrs@googlemail.com>
> Date: Sun, 13 Mar 2016 17:15:11 +0100
> 
>  3. client script behaviour wrong in both
> 
> 
> A modification of the UDP client solves this problem:
> 
> 
>  # Client
>  BEGIN {
>  print "moin" |& "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888"
>  "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888" |& getline
>  print $0
>  close("/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888")
>  }
> 
> 
> The difference is in the very first print command.
> I am not really happy with this behaviour (because
> it is different from the equivalent TCP client) but it
> works.

Can you elaborate on why is it needed, or how does it solve the
problem?

Thanks.

From gawk-devel-bounces+aschorr=telemetry-investments.com@gnu.org  Sun Mar 13 15:38:42 2016
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Subject: Re: [gawk-devel] UDP networking doesn't work?
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It's not working for me. I'm trying in the gawk-4.1.3 branch:

$ git diff | cat
diff --git a/io.c b/io.c
index d700d87..cf45e45 100644
--- a/io.c
+++ b/io.c
@@ -1525,7 +1525,7 @@ socketopen(int family, int type, const char *localpname,
 #ifdef MSG_PEEK
 					char buf[10];
 					struct sockaddr_storage remote_addr;
-					socklen_t read_len = 0;
+					socklen_t read_len = sizeof remote_addr;
 
 					if (recvfrom(socket_fd, buf, 1, MSG_PEEK,
 						(struct sockaddr *) & remote_addr,



$ cat Server 
# Server
BEGIN {
  print strftime() |& "/inet/udp/8888/0/0"
  close("/inet/udp/8888/0/0")
}

$ cat Client 
# Client
BEGIN {
  print "howdy!" |& "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888"
  "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888" |& getline
  print $0
  close("/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888")
}

Try to run it. Here, the client exited. Usually it just hangs:

$ ./gawk -f Client & sleep 1 ; ./gawk -f Server &
[1] 9581

[1]+  Done                    ./gawk -f Client
[1] 9583
[aahz:pts/5 gawk.git]$ jobs
[1]+  Running                 ./gawk -f Server &

What am I missing?

Thanks,

Arnold

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On Sun, Mar 13, 2016 at 09:38:09PM +0200, Aharon Robbins wrote:
> It's not working for me. I'm trying in the gawk-4.1.3 branch:

I did that on the top of gawk-4.1-stable and it did work but
not exactly like in the manual.  First I needed a server process,
which was waiting, followed by a modified client.

> $ cat Client 
> # Client
> BEGIN {
>   print "howdy!" |& "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888"
>   "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888" |& getline
>   print $0
>   close("/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888")
> }

It looks like that anything will do in the first print, including
an empty string (which will send a line terminator anyway and I did
not try without that one) but such client does exit right away without
a server present.
> 
> What am I missing?

OTOH this shows an expected message if a server is already there.

I do not know at this moment what all of that means.  Looking at
'man recvfrom' I see "If the caller is not interested in the source
address, src_addr and addrlen  should  be specified as NULL".  
This is clearly not the case in the current code.  In the other case
the returned address is truncated to the declared (or provided?) size
of a buffer so zero looks like something indeed too tight.

    Michal

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Am 13.03.2016 um 20:38 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
> What am I missing?

Start the server first, then the client, that's all.


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"J=FCrgen Kahrs" <juergen.kahrs@googlemail.com> wrote:

> Am 13.03.2016 um 20:38 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
> > What am I missing?
>
> Start the server first, then the client, that's all.

No difference. Both hang.

Does it work for you in master?

Arnold

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> From arnold@skeeve.com  Mon Mar 14 05:44:58 2016
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> "J?rgen Kahrs" <juergen.kahrs@googlemail.com> wrote:
>
> > Am 13.03.2016 um 20:38 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
> > > What am I missing?
> >
> > Start the server first, then the client, that's all.
>
> No difference. Both hang.
>
> Does it work for you in master?
>
> Arnold
>

I blew it. After making the change it works for me now.

Juergen, can you send me an update to gawkinet.texi?  In the meantime
I'll commit the fix.

Thanks!

Arnold

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On Mon, Mar 14, 2016 at 05:56:48AM +0200, Aharon Robbins wrote:
> 
> Juergen, can you send me an update to gawkinet.texi?  In the meantime
> I'll commit the fix.

That change in io.c looks to me indeed correct but before going too far
does anybody have a good explanation why this "magic incantation"

> print "howdy!" |& "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888"

in a sample client is needed, what actually is doing, and why
this is different for tcp?

   Michal


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Am 14.03.2016 um 18:32 schrieb Michal Jaegermann:
> On Mon, Mar 14, 2016 at 05:56:48AM +0200, Aharon Robbins wrote:
>> Juergen, can you send me an update to gawkinet.texi?  In the meantime
>> I'll commit the fix.
> That change in io.c looks to me indeed correct but before going too far
> does anybody have a good explanation why this "magic incantation"
>
>> print "howdy!" |& "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888"
> in a sample client is needed, what actually is doing, and why
> this is different for tcp?
>
>    Michal
>

Eli had already asked the same question.
When I answered his question, I forgot to send a
copy of my answer to the mailing list.
This is what I sent to Eli:

    In the case of UDP, the "print" commands is the one
    that actually sends data so the there is a connection.
    UDP and "connection" may sound strange to anyone
    who has learned that UDP is a connection-less protocol.
    Connection here means that the connect() system call
    has completed its work and completed the "association"
    between a certain socket and an IP address. There are
    subtle differences between connect() for TCP and UDP.
    See man page for details.

    If you use the UDP client script as it is currently shown
    in the doc, the client gets not quite connected to the
    server (the server notices nothing, so sends nothing,
    so the client receives nothing). This is of course an
    ugly asymmetry between TCP and UDP as implemented
    in GAWK. If someone suggests a more symmetric
    solution, then it is probably worth changing the behaviour.
    On the other hand we should be aware that this subtlety
    is just one of many details that are hidden in the socket
    API, invisible and intractable for the GAWK user.
    We should not strive for making all details visible and
    controllable for the GAWK user, this would be too much.





--------------070408080501020707080305
Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252
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<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 14.03.2016 um 18:32 schrieb Michal
      Jaegermann:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:20160314173208.GA31194@smok.internal"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">On Mon, Mar 14, 2016 at 05:56:48AM +0200, Aharon Robbins wrote:
</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">
Juergen, can you send me an update to gawkinet.texi?  In the meantime
I'll commit the fix.
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">
That change in io.c looks to me indeed correct but before going too far
does anybody have a good explanation why this "magic incantation"

</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">print "howdy!" |&amp; "/inet/udp/0/localhost/8888"
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">
in a sample client is needed, what actually is doing, and why
this is different for tcp?

   Michal

</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Eli had already asked the same question.<br>
    When I answered his question, I forgot to send a<br>
    copy of my answer to the mailing list.<br>
    This is what I sent to Eli:<br>
    <blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">In the case of UDP, the "print" commands is the one
that actually sends data so the there is a connection.
UDP and "connection" may sound strange to anyone
who has learned that UDP is a connection-less protocol.
Connection here means that the connect() system call
has completed its work and completed the "association"
between a certain socket and an IP address. There are
subtle differences between connect() for TCP and UDP.
See man page for details.

If you use the UDP client script as it is currently shown
in the doc, the client gets not quite connected to the
server (the server notices nothing, so sends nothing,
so the client receives nothing). This is of course an
ugly asymmetry between TCP and UDP as implemented
in GAWK. If someone suggests a more symmetric
solution, then it is probably worth changing the behaviour.
On the other hand we should be aware that this subtlety
is just one of many details that are hidden in the socket
API, invisible and intractable for the GAWK user.
We should not strive for making all details visible and
controllable for the GAWK user, this would be too much.


</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------070408080501020707080305--

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Hi,

This is somewhat off-topic, but I continue to believe that the networking
implementation in gawk doesn't really make sense, as discussed back in
June/July 2013.  Now that we have non-blocking I/O (using
PROCINFO["INPUT_NAME", "RETRY"]) and the select extension in gawkextlib, we can
do this the right way.  The existing TCP solution accepts a single connection
and then closes the listener socket in io.c:socketopen:

	if (listen(socket_fd, 1) >= 0
	    && (clientsocket_fd = accept(socket_fd,
		(struct sockaddr *) & remote_addr,
		& namelen)) >= 0) {
		closemaybesocket(socket_fd);
		socket_fd = clientsocket_fd;
		break;
	}

To me, these UDP problems are a reminder that the networking paradigm in 
gawk is flawed. My guess is that nobody really uses anything other than
the TCP client feature, so maybe we should scrap the UDP support and TCP
server support and reimplement them to work in a sane fashion...

Regards,
Andy

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Subject: Re: [gawk-devel] UDP networking doesn't work?
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Hello Andrew,

> This is somewhat off-topic, but I continue to believe that the networking
> implementation in gawk doesn't really make sense, as discussed back in
> June/July 2013.  Now that we have non-blocking I/O (using
> PROCINFO["INPUT_NAME", "RETRY"]) and the select extension in gawkextlib, we can
> do this the right way.  The existing TCP solution accepts a single connection
> and then closes the listener socket in io.c:socketopen:
>
> 	if (listen(socket_fd, 1) >= 0
> 	    && (clientsocket_fd = accept(socket_fd,
> 		(struct sockaddr *) & remote_addr,
> 		& namelen)) >= 0) {
> 		closemaybesocket(socket_fd);
> 		socket_fd = clientsocket_fd;
> 		break;
> 	}

The current networking paradigm tries to treat every
networking connection like a file. Trying to treat a connection
like a file looked like a straightforward idea at that time, but it
was in fact a bit difficult because there were so many differences
between connections and files (for example port numbers, the
difference between raw, datagram and stream data, and also
socket options). Since then, the diversity in differences has
increased ever more. It is obvious that all these details cannot
be treated in detail and in portable manner.

I understand your comment as a suggestion that the
networking API should handle only a minimum of details
and more advanced things should be handled with other
mechanisms (that are either part of gawk or one of its
extensions). I would agree, I see no other way that is
realistic in the long term.

> To me, these UDP problems are a reminder that the networking paradigm in 
> gawk is flawed. My guess is that nobody really uses anything other than
> the TCP client feature, so maybe we should scrap the UDP support and TCP
> server support and reimplement them to work in a sane fashion...

When I implemented the support for UDP, I thought it would
be possible to offer the same networking API for TCP and UDP,
for clients and for servers. As we have seen, even the example
scripts that we tried cannot handle TCP and UDP in the same way.
Even for TCP, the handling of differences between client and server
connections is silently hidden in the parameters that are passed.
This is ugly and not user-friendly of course.

Your guess that no one really uses UDP may be true.
Concerning the use of TCP server-scripts I can only guess.
So your suggestion to remove the UDP support makes sense.
This would allow for a real simplification in gawk's networking internals.
Your suggestion to remove support for the TCP server side
would simplify the implementation to a degree that the control
flow in the source code could be called "straightforward".
All in all, I would agree with your suggestions.

From gawk-devel-bounces+aschorr=telemetry-investments.com@gnu.org  Sun Mar 20 23:55:17 2016
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Hi.

I don't have a problem with marking UDP as obsolete.

I would prefer to continue to be able to have both server and client
on the TCP side.

I would strongly prefer to do this in a way that doesn't break old
programs using TCP.

One thing that bothers me right now is that getaddrinfo() returns
a linked list of struct addrinfo, and the gawk paradigm assumes that
/inet/... will only map to one possible connection, an (IPv?, address, port)
triple.  This should be dealt with reasonably in the case that more
than one struct addrinfo comes back. (Probably a fatal error.)

Andy and Juergen, feel free to work on a design and set up a separate
branch off of master to work on this.

In the meantime, I have updated the doc based on one of Juergen's emails
and pushed the changes to the repo.

(As a side note, how did the original UDP client ever work? I have a vague
memory of having tested it and that it did work... That also bothers me.)

Thanks,

Arnold

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Am 21.03.2016 um 04:54 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
> I don't have a problem with marking UDP as obsolete.

So we agree in this point. For the moment it may a good
idea to simply mention obsolescence of UDP in the doc.

> I would prefer to continue to be able to have both server and client
> on the TCP side.

Agreed, there are really interesting applications built upon
both of them.

> I would strongly prefer to do this in a way that doesn't break old
> programs using TCP.

Agreed, of course.

> One thing that bothers me right now is that getaddrinfo() returns
> a linked list of struct addrinfo, and the gawk paradigm assumes that
> /inet/... will only map to one possible connection, an (IPv?, address, port)
> triple.  This should be dealt with reasonably in the case that more
> than one struct addrinfo comes back. (Probably a fatal error.)

That's right. But there are several ways of dealing with a list that
contains more the one entry. Some doc that I read suggests opening
connections for all of the available entries. Another possibility would be
to use the name (/inet or /inet4) as a hint that can be passed to the
getaddrinfo() system call. Instead of raising a fatal error (in case of
more than 1 entry) it could make sense to simply use the very first
entry.

> Andy and Juergen, feel free to work on a design and set up a separate
> branch off of master to work on this.

The working habbits of git are currently beyond my horizon
since I used SVN on a daily basis in several projects.
But working with patches in the usual "diff -u" format would be Ok.

> In the meantime, I have updated the doc based on one of Juergen's emails
> and pushed the changes to the repo.

Hmm, yes, inserting them as you did is probably a good idea.
Thanks for doing this.

> (As a side note, how did the original UDP client ever work? I have a vague
> memory of having tested it and that it did work... That also bothers me.)

I have thought about it for a while but have not come to
a convincing conclusion. Perhaps you tested only one
side (client or server) and simulated the other side with netcat.

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On Sun, Mar 27, 2016 at 09:23:56PM +0200, Jürgen Kahrs wrote:
> Am 21.03.2016 um 04:54 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
> 
> > One thing that bothers me right now is that getaddrinfo() returns
> > a linked list of struct addrinfo, and the gawk paradigm assumes that
> > /inet/... will only map to one possible connection,

I do not see a contradiction here.  It is quite possible for one
connection to have multiple addresses.
....
> Instead of raising a fatal error (in case of
> more than 1 entry) it could make sense to simply use the very first
> entry.

I do not think that this will work in general.  Even discounting
multi-homed interfaces you should consider as a quite normal a situation
when you have on an interface an IPv4 address and IPv6 one.  If the
first entry happens to be on a network where you can get a connection
with the other machine then you are ok; otherwise you will get "not
reachable".  I do not see how one can avoid walking through that
linked list from getaddrinfo() while trying entries one by one and
returning an error only after all possibilities failed.  What do I miss?

   Michal

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My main concern is what if more than one of the results from getaddrinfo
would work?  It makes no sense to associate multiple sockets with one
redirection.

I guess the thing to do is loop through the results and use the
first one that works, then skip the rest.  That's probably better than
a fatal error.

Thanks,

Arnold

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Am 28.03.2016 um 14:25 schrieb arnold@skeeve.com:
> My main concern is what if more than one of the results from getaddrinfo
> would work?  It makes no sense to associate multiple sockets with one
> redirection.
>
> I guess the thing to do is loop through the results and use the
> first one that works, then skip the rest.  That's probably better than
> a fatal error.

I had a look at io.c socketopen.
It seems to do exactly what you suggested.
It even honours the "type" and the "family" of the
networking interface (IPV4/6 and TCP/UDP) that
can be deduced form the /inet path.
There are two nested "while" loops, the outer loop for the
local port and the inner loop for the remote port.
These nested loops try to open a connection for every
combination of local and remote port (taking into account
the hints/restrictions from /inet). Upon first successful
connection, both loops are left with the socket left open.
The loops go on looping as long as the connection
build-up is unsuccessful (or no combinations left to try).

The source code is a bit difficult to read because of
the "gotos", the nested "breaks" and the "returns".
But it looks clean and makes sense. Even the cleanup
with the freeaddrinfo() system call seems Ok.
Really not bad.


> One thing that bothers me right now is that getaddrinfo() returns
> a linked list of struct addrinfo, and the gawk paradigm assumes that
> /inet/... will only map to one possible connection, an (IPv?, address, port)
> triple.  This should be dealt with reasonably in the case that more
> than one struct addrinfo comes back. (Probably a fatal error.)

As mentioned above, the current behaviour looks fine to me.
But let me mention one side-effect that might confuse you
if you use "strace" to look at what the interpreter actually does.
When using the client and server example code, you will see
several socket() systems calls as the nested loops do their
work of trying all combinations. There is even one for SOCK_RAW.

    strace ./gawk -f client.awk 2>&1 | grep socket

    socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 0)         = 3
    socket(PF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0) = 3
    socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 0)         = 3
    socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3

This is ugly, probably annoying, but not fatal.
What remains to be done is to remove the support for
UDP in io.c as well as in the doc and to improve the conceptual
description of TCP in the doc. Do we agree ?



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<html>
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    <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 28.03.2016 um 14:25 schrieb
      <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:arnold@skeeve.com">arnold@skeeve.com</a>:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:201603281225.u2SCPOeP000830@freefriends.org"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">My main concern is what if more than one of the results from getaddrinfo
would work?  It makes no sense to associate multiple sockets with one
redirection.

I guess the thing to do is loop through the results and use the
first one that works, then skip the rest.  That's probably better than
a fatal error.
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    I had a look at io.c socketopen.<br>
    It seems to do exactly what you suggested.<br>
    It even honours the "type" and the "family" of the<br>
    networking interface (IPV4/6 and TCP/UDP) that<br>
    can be deduced form the /inet path.<br>
    There are two nested "while" loops, the outer loop for the<br>
    local port and the inner loop for the remote port.<br>
    These nested loops try to open a connection for every<br>
    combination of local and remote port (taking into account<br>
    the hints/restrictions from /inet). Upon first successful<br>
    connection, both loops are left with the socket left open.<br>
    The loops go on looping as long as the connection<br>
    build-up is unsuccessful (or no combinations left to try).<br>
    <br>
    The source code is a bit difficult to read because of<br>
    the "gotos", the nested "breaks" and the "returns".<br>
    But it looks clean and makes sense. Even the cleanup<br>
    with the freeaddrinfo() system call seems Ok.<br>
    Really not bad.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <blockquote type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">One thing that bothers me right now is that getaddrinfo() returns
a linked list of struct addrinfo, and the gawk paradigm assumes that
<i class="moz-txt-slash"><span class="moz-txt-tag">/</span>inet<span class="moz-txt-tag">/</span></i>... will only map to one possible connection, an (IPv?, address, port)
triple.  This should be dealt with reasonably in the case that more
than one struct addrinfo comes back. (Probably a fatal error.)
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    As mentioned above, the current behaviour looks fine to me.<br>
    But let me mention one side-effect that might confuse you<br>
    if you use "strace" to look at what the interpreter actually does.<br>
    When using the client and server example code, you will see<br>
    several socket() systems calls as the nested loops do their<br>
    work of trying all combinations. There is even one for SOCK_RAW.<br>
    <blockquote><tt>strace ./gawk -f client.awk 2&gt;&amp;1 | grep
        socket<br>
        <br>
      </tt><tt></tt><tt>socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 0)         = 3</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>socket(PF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK,
        0) = 3</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, 0)         = 3</tt><tt><br>
      </tt><tt>socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP) = 3</tt><tt><br>
      </tt></blockquote>
    This is ugly, probably annoying, but not fatal.<br>
    What remains to be done is to remove the support for<br>
    UDP in io.c as well as in the doc and to improve the conceptual<br>
    description of TCP in the doc. Do we agree ?<br>
    <br>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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Hi Juergen.

Thanks for the update. I'm glad the code is actually in reasonable shape.

I set up a git branch for you to work in. It's not all that hard.
You pretty much want to work as follows:

	cd /path/to/your/copy/of/the/repo
	make distclean
	git pull
	git checkout feature/improve-inet
	# code, compile, test, fix doc
	git add <list of changed files>
	git commit
	git push	# when there's something for everyone else to see
	# continue with "code, git add, git commit, git push" until done

Every once in a while, you will want to bring the branch up to date
with master.  This isn't hard.  First, be sure you have no unsaved changes.
Then:

	make distclean
	git checkout master && git pull	# bring up to date
	git checkout feature/improve-inet
	git merge master
	# Resolve any conflicts here. gvim or Emacs or ...
	# git add <resolved files>
	# git commit
	git push

That's really all there is to it.

You will want to have up to date versions of the various tools, as
listed in the NEWS file, including makeinfo.

Andy - please coordinate with Juergen too if you have what to contribute.

Starting by obsoleting /inet/udp is a good idea.  When that's ready
it can be merged to master and then y'all can start on the reworking
that Andy wants to do.

Thanks!

Arnold

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Hi,

> Andy - please coordinate with Juergen too if you have what to contribute.
> 
> Starting by obsoleting /inet/udp is a good idea.  When that's ready
> it can be merged to master and then y'all can start on the reworking
> that Andy wants to do.

Sorry for being AWOL. My day job takes all my attention lately.  I have no
particularly view on whether we should get rid of /inet/udp, but if we keep it,
we should try to make it work in a reasonable way. My main concern is with how
tcp works. The current approach does not support the notion of listening for
and accepting connections. This was done for the sake of simplicity and
consistency with the udp approach, but it ignores the fact that serving TCP
stream connections is conceptually quite different than responding to UDP
packets. From an old email I sent about this:

On Sun, Jun 30, 2013 at 05:19:24PM -0400, Andrew J. Schorr wrote:
> 3. The tcp server logic was designed to be single-threaded.  If you try to read
> input from a server socket, it waits for a client to connect, closes the
> listener socket, and then processes I/O from the newly connected socket.  If I
> could start over, I'd change the TCP server mechanism to work something like
> this:
> 
>    server = "/inet/tcp/8080/0/0"
>    while (1) {
>       # wait for a client to connect
>       server |& getline client
>       # at this point, client contains the handle for the connected socket,
>       # something like "/inet/tcp/8080/client-host/client-port", and the server
>       # socket should still be open to accept new connections!
>       while ((client |& getline x) > 0)
> 	 printf "client %s says: %s\n", client, x
>       close(client)
>    }
> 
> If it had been done that way, it would be easy to use the new select
> multiplexing mechanisms to service multiple connected clients at once.
> Since it was not designed that way, I'm not sure how best to remedy this.
> I guess we can add a function to open a socket to listen for connections,
> and another to accept connections, but it may be painful to integrate this
> into the existing socket I/O scheme.  A separate BSD-style API would be
> easy to implement, but it seems suboptimal to have 2 different approaches
> to networking.  Does anbody have any thoughts on how best to solve this?

So if your goal is to retain compatibility with the existing TCP
server design, then I'm not sure I have much to contribute. I guess another
possibility would be to have a command-line option or environment option
to control the TCP behavior to support both approaches. I think that
the existing single-threaded TCP server implementation is too limited to
be useful, so that's why I suspect that nobody is using it. It's fine for
a simple demo, but how is it actually useful?

Regards,
Andy

From arnold@skeeve.com Mon Apr  4 15:55:03 2016
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From: Aharon Robbins <arnold@skeeve.com>
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Date: Mon, 04 Apr 2016 22:54:58 +0300
To: aschorr@telemetry-investments.com, arnold@skeeve.com
Subject: Re: [gawk-devel] UDP networking doesn't work (and some thoughts about
 TCP)
Cc: juergen.kahrs@googlemail.com, gawk-devel@gnu.org
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Hi Andy.

> My main concern is with how
> tcp works. The current approach does not support the notion of listening for
> and accepting connections. This was done for the sake of simplicity and
> consistency with the udp approach, but it ignores the fact that serving TCP
> stream connections is conceptually quite different than responding to UDP
> packets. From an old email I sent about this:
>
> On Sun, Jun 30, 2013 at 05:19:24PM -0400, Andrew J. Schorr wrote:
> > 3. The tcp server logic was designed to be single-threaded.  If you try to read
> > input from a server socket, it waits for a client to connect, closes the
> > listener socket, and then processes I/O from the newly connected socket.  If I
> > could start over, I'd change the TCP server mechanism to work something like
> > this:
> > 
> >    server = "/inet/tcp/8080/0/0"
> >    while (1) {
> >       # wait for a client to connect
> >       server |& getline client
> >       # at this point, client contains the handle for the connected socket,
> >       # something like "/inet/tcp/8080/client-host/client-port", and the server
> >       # socket should still be open to accept new connections!
> >       while ((client |& getline x) > 0)
> > 	 printf "client %s says: %s\n", client, x
> >       close(client)
> >    }
> > 
> > If it had been done that way, it would be easy to use the new select
> > multiplexing mechanisms to service multiple connected clients at once.
> > Since it was not designed that way, I'm not sure how best to remedy this.
> > I guess we can add a function to open a socket to listen for connections,
> > and another to accept connections, but it may be painful to integrate this
> > into the existing socket I/O scheme.  A separate BSD-style API would be
> > easy to implement, but it seems suboptimal to have 2 different approaches
> > to networking.  Does anbody have any thoughts on how best to solve this?
>
> So if your goal is to retain compatibility with the existing TCP
> server design, then I'm not sure I have much to contribute.

I think this is actually rather easy to solve, by introducing
a new namespace:

    server = "/inetserv/tcp/8080/0/0"
    while (1) {
       # wait for a client to connect
       getline client < server
       # at this point, client contains the handle for the connected socket,
       # something like "/inet/tcp/8080/client-host/client-port", and the server
       # socket should still be open to accept new connections!
       while ((client |& getline x) > 0)
 	 printf "client %s says: %s\n", client, x
       close(client)
    }
    close(server)

To read handles it's better (IMHO) to use a < redirection, since
it's a one way communication.

In terms of plans, let's use the new branch to remove UDP. Once that's
merged into master, we can use it for further standalone experimentation
until everyone is happy.

Thoughts?

Thanks,

Arnold


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Am 04.04.2016 um 21:54 schrieb Aharon Robbins:
> In terms of plans, let's use the new branch to remove UDP. Once that's
> merged into master, we can use it for further standalone experimentation
> until everyone is happy.
>
> Thoughts?

I think Andrew is right with his fundamental disagreement.
Andrew argued that the current TCP interface
- is too simple (it cannot support anything but the most basic
    kinds of applications)
- is incompatible with the new "select" multiplexing mechanisms
- could be replaced by a BSD-style API, perhaps under a
    different namespace (as suggested by Arnold)

This leads me to the following questions:
1) Should an improved API retain compatibility with the old TCP API ?
    Is the old TCP API worth the effort (is it such a good concept) ?
2) Should any alternative API be implemented inside GAWK ?
Anyone who wants to do serious work with TCP applications
will probably answer with "NO" to these questions.
ad 1: Stuffing parameters into an artificial path name helps
         with setting static parameters, but cannot help with the
         the dynamic behaviour (unforeseeable events and details)
         of networking connections
ad 2: A second networking API inside GAWK is indeed "suboptimal",
         unless there was a proven brilliant API that only needed to be
         taken over (I doubt there is)

Perhaps the best place for a networking API is a separate extension.