From f2267417bd269b36f69e65d88da5bb25ad333606 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Elena Zannoni Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2002 22:02:32 +0000 Subject: import of readline-4.3 --- readline/doc/history.html | 1639 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1639 insertions(+) create mode 100644 readline/doc/history.html (limited to 'readline/doc/history.html') diff --git a/readline/doc/history.html b/readline/doc/history.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5afe15b9e47 --- /dev/null +++ b/readline/doc/history.html @@ -0,0 +1,1639 @@ + + + + + +GNU History Library: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
[Top][Contents][Index][ ? ]
+

GNU History Library

+ +This document describes the GNU History library, a programming tool that +provides a consistent user interface for recalling lines of previously +typed input. +

+ +

+ + + + +
1. Using History Interactively  GNU History User's Manual.
2. Programming with GNU History  GNU History Programmer's Manual.
A. Concept Index  Index of concepts described in this manual.
B. Function and Variable Index  Index of externally visible functions + and variables.
+

+ +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ +

1. Using History Interactively

+ +

+ +This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library interactively, +from a user's standpoint. It should be considered a user's guide. For +information on using the GNU History Library in your own programs, +see section 2. Programming with GNU History. +

+ +

+ +
1.1 History Expansion  What it feels like using History as a user.
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

1.1 History Expansion

+ +

+ +The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar +to the history expansion provided by csh. This section +describes the syntax used to manipulate the history information. +

+ +History expansions introduce words from the history list into +the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the +arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or +fix errors in previous commands quickly. +

+ +History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine +which line from the history list should be used during substitution. +The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the +current one. The line selected from the history is called the +event, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are +called words. Various modifiers are available to manipulate +the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion +that Bash does, so that several words +surrounded by quotes are considered one word. +History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the +history expansion character, which is `!' by default. +

+ +

+ + + +
1.1.1 Event Designators  How to specify which history line to use.
1.1.2 Word Designators  Specifying which words are of interest.
1.1.3 Modifiers  Modifying the results of substitution.
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

1.1.1 Event Designators

+ +

+ +An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the +history list. + +

+ +

+ +
! +
Start a history substitution, except when followed by a space, tab, +the end of the line, `=' or `('. +

+ +

!n +
Refer to command line n. +

+ +

!-n +
Refer to the command n lines back. +

+ +

!! +
Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'. +

+ +

!string +
Refer to the most recent command starting with string. +

+ +

!?string[?] +
Refer to the most recent command containing string. The trailing +`?' may be omitted if the string is followed immediately by +a newline. +

+ +

^string1^string2^ +
Quick Substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing string1 +with string2. Equivalent to +!!:s/string1/string2/. +

+ +

!# +
The entire command line typed so far. +

+ +

+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

1.1.2 Word Designators

+ +

+ +Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. +A `:' separates the event specification from the word designator. It +may be omitted if the word designator begins with a `^', `$', +`*', `-', or `%'. Words are numbered from the beginning +of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are +inserted into the current line separated by single spaces. +

+ +For example, +

+ +

+
!! +
designates the preceding command. When you type this, the preceding +command is repeated in toto. +

+ +

!!:$ +
designates the last argument of the preceding command. This may be +shortened to !$. +

+ +

!fi:2 +
designates the second argument of the most recent command starting with +the letters fi. +
+

+ +Here are the word designators: + +

+ +
0 (zero) +
The 0th word. For many applications, this is the command word. +

+ +

n +
The nth word. +

+ +

^ +
The first argument; that is, word 1. +

+ +

$ +
The last argument. +

+ +

% +
The word matched by the most recent `?string?' search. +

+ +

x-y +
A range of words; `-y' abbreviates `0-y'. +

+ +

* +
All of the words, except the 0th. This is a synonym for `1-$'. +It is not an error to use `*' if there is just one word in the event; +the empty string is returned in that case. +

+ +

x* +
Abbreviates `x-$' +

+ +

x- +
Abbreviates `x-$' like `x*', but omits the last word. +

+ +

+

+ +If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the +previous command is used as the event. +

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

1.1.3 Modifiers

+ +

+ +After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more +of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. +

+ +

+ +
h +
Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head. +

+ +

t +
Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. +

+ +

r +
Remove a trailing suffix of the form `.suffix', leaving +the basename. +

+ +

e +
Remove all but the trailing suffix. +

+ +

p +
Print the new command but do not execute it. +

+ +

s/old/new/ +
Substitute new for the first occurrence of old in the +event line. Any delimiter may be used in place of `/'. +The delimiter may be quoted in old and new +with a single backslash. If `&' appears in new, +it is replaced by old. A single backslash will quote +the `&'. The final delimiter is optional if it is the last +character on the input line. +

+ +

& +
Repeat the previous substitution. +

+ +

g +
Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. Used in +conjunction with `s', as in gs/old/new/, +or with `&'. +

+ +

+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ Up ][ >> ]         [Top][Contents][Index][ ? ]
+

2. Programming with GNU History

+ +

+ +This chapter describes how to interface programs that you write +with the GNU History Library. +It should be considered a technical guide. +For information on the interactive use of GNU History, see section 1. Using History Interactively. +

+ +

+ + + + + +
2.1 Introduction to History  What is the GNU History library for?
2.2 History Storage  How information is stored.
2.3 History Functions  Functions that you can use.
2.4 History Variables  Variables that control behaviour.
2.5 History Programming Example  Example of using the GNU History Library.
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.1 Introduction to History

+ +

+ +Many programs read input from the user a line at a time. The GNU +History library is able to keep track of those lines, associate arbitrary +data with each line, and utilize information from previous lines in +composing new ones. +

+ +The programmer using the History library has available functions +for remembering lines on a history list, associating arbitrary data +with a line, removing lines from the list, searching through the list +for a line containing an arbitrary text string, and referencing any line +in the list directly. In addition, a history expansion function +is available which provides for a consistent user interface across +different programs. +

+ +The user using programs written with the History library has the +benefit of a consistent user interface with a set of well-known +commands for manipulating the text of previous lines and using that text +in new commands. The basic history manipulation commands are similar to +the history substitution provided by csh. +

+ +If the programmer desires, he can use the Readline library, which +includes some history manipulation by default, and has the added +advantage of command line editing. +

+ +Before declaring any functions using any functionality the History +library provides in other code, an application writer should include +the file <readline/history.h> in any file that uses the +History library's features. It supplies extern declarations for all +of the library's public functions and variables, and declares all of +the public data structures. +

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.2 History Storage

+ +

+ +The history list is an array of history entries. A history entry is +declared as follows: +

+ +
 
typedef void *histdata_t;
+
+typedef struct _hist_entry {
+  char *line;
+  histdata_t data;
+} HIST_ENTRY;
+

+ +The history list itself might therefore be declared as +

+ +
 
HIST_ENTRY **the_history_list;
+

+ +The state of the History library is encapsulated into a single structure: +

+ +
 
/*
+ * A structure used to pass around the current state of the history.
+ */
+typedef struct _hist_state {
+  HIST_ENTRY **entries; /* Pointer to the entries themselves. */
+  int offset;           /* The location pointer within this array. */
+  int length;           /* Number of elements within this array. */
+  int size;             /* Number of slots allocated to this array. */
+  int flags;
+} HISTORY_STATE;
+

+ +If the flags member includes HS_STIFLED, the history has been +stifled. +

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.3 History Functions

+ +

+ +This section describes the calling sequence for the various functions +exported by the GNU History library. +

+ +

+ + + + + + + +
2.3.1 Initializing History and State Management  Functions to call when you + want to use history in a + program.
2.3.2 History List Management  Functions used to manage the list + of history entries.
2.3.3 Information About the History List  Functions returning information about + the history list.
2.3.4 Moving Around the History List  Functions used to change the position + in the history list.
2.3.5 Searching the History List  Functions to search the history list + for entries containing a string.
2.3.6 Managing the History File  Functions that read and write a file + containing the history list.
2.3.7 History Expansion  Functions to perform csh-like history + expansion.
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ Up ][ >> ]         [Top][Contents][Index][ ? ]
+

2.3.1 Initializing History and State Management

+ +

+ +This section describes functions used to initialize and manage +the state of the History library when you want to use the history +functions in your program. +

+ + +

+
Function: void using_history (void) +
Begin a session in which the history functions might be used. This +initializes the interactive variables. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: HISTORY_STATE * history_get_history_state (void) +
Return a structure describing the current state of the input history. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: void history_set_history_state (HISTORY_STATE *state) +
Set the state of the history list according to state. +
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.3.2 History List Management

+ +

+ +These functions manage individual entries on the history list, or set +parameters managing the list itself. +

+ + +

+
Function: void add_history (const char *string) +
Place string at the end of the history list. The associated data +field (if any) is set to NULL. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: HIST_ENTRY * remove_history (int which) +
Remove history entry at offset which from the history. The +removed element is returned so you can free the line, data, +and containing structure. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: HIST_ENTRY * replace_history_entry (int which, const char *line, histdata_t data) +
Make the history entry at offset which have line and data. +This returns the old entry so you can dispose of the data. In the case +of an invalid which, a NULL pointer is returned. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: void clear_history (void) +
Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: void stifle_history (int max) +
Stifle the history list, remembering only the last max entries. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: int unstifle_history (void) +
Stop stifling the history. This returns the previously-set +maximum number of history entries (as set by stifle_history()). +The value is positive if the history was +stifled, negative if it wasn't. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: int history_is_stifled (void) +
Returns non-zero if the history is stifled, zero if it is not. +
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.3.3 Information About the History List

+ +

+ +These functions return information about the entire history list or +individual list entries. +

+ + +

+
Function: HIST_ENTRY ** history_list (void) +
Return a NULL terminated array of HIST_ENTRY * which is the +current input history. Element 0 of this list is the beginning of time. +If there is no history, return NULL. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: int where_history (void) +
Returns the offset of the current history element. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: HIST_ENTRY * current_history (void) +
Return the history entry at the current position, as determined by +where_history(). If there is no entry there, return a NULL +pointer. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: HIST_ENTRY * history_get (int offset) +
Return the history entry at position offset, starting from +history_base (see section 2.4 History Variables). +If there is no entry there, or if offset +is greater than the history length, return a NULL pointer. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: int history_total_bytes (void) +
Return the number of bytes that the primary history entries are using. +This function returns the sum of the lengths of all the lines in the +history. +
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.3.4 Moving Around the History List

+ +

+ +These functions allow the current index into the history list to be +set or changed. +

+ + +

+
Function: int history_set_pos (int pos) +
Set the current history offset to pos, an absolute index +into the list. +Returns 1 on success, 0 if pos is less than zero or greater +than the number of history entries. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: HIST_ENTRY * previous_history (void) +
Back up the current history offset to the previous history entry, and +return a pointer to that entry. If there is no previous entry, return +a NULL pointer. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: HIST_ENTRY * next_history (void) +
Move the current history offset forward to the next history entry, and +return the a pointer to that entry. If there is no next entry, return +a NULL pointer. +
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.3.5 Searching the History List

+ +

+ +These functions allow searching of the history list for entries containing +a specific string. Searching may be performed both forward and backward +from the current history position. The search may be anchored, +meaning that the string must match at the beginning of the history entry. + +

+ + +

+
Function: int history_search (const char *string, int direction) +
Search the history for string, starting at the current history offset. +If direction is less than 0, then the search is through +previous entries, otherwise through subsequent entries. +If string is found, then +the current history index is set to that history entry, and the value +returned is the offset in the line of the entry where +string was found. Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is +returned. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: int history_search_prefix (const char *string, int direction) +
Search the history for string, starting at the current history +offset. The search is anchored: matching lines must begin with +string. If direction is less than 0, then the search is +through previous entries, otherwise through subsequent entries. +If string is found, then the +current history index is set to that entry, and the return value is 0. +Otherwise, nothing is changed, and a -1 is returned. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: int history_search_pos (const char *string, int direction, int pos) +
Search for string in the history list, starting at pos, an +absolute index into the list. If direction is negative, the search +proceeds backward from pos, otherwise forward. Returns the absolute +index of the history element where string was found, or -1 otherwise. +
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.3.6 Managing the History File

+ +

+ +The History library can read the history from and write it to a file. +This section documents the functions for managing a history file. +

+ + +

+
Function: int read_history (const char *filename) +
Add the contents of filename to the history list, a line at a time. +If filename is NULL, then read from `~/.history'. +Returns 0 if successful, or errno if not. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: int read_history_range (const char *filename, int from, int to) +
Read a range of lines from filename, adding them to the history list. +Start reading at line from and end at to. +If from is zero, start at the beginning. If to is less than +from, then read until the end of the file. If filename is +NULL, then read from `~/.history'. Returns 0 if successful, +or errno if not. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: int write_history (const char *filename) +
Write the current history to filename, overwriting filename +if necessary. +If filename is NULL, then write the history list to +`~/.history'. +Returns 0 on success, or errno on a read or write error. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: int append_history (int nelements, const char *filename) +
Append the last nelements of the history list to filename. +If filename is NULL, then append to `~/.history'. +Returns 0 on success, or errno on a read or write error. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: int history_truncate_file (const char *filename, int nlines) +
Truncate the history file filename, leaving only the last +nlines lines. +If filename is NULL, then `~/.history' is truncated. +Returns 0 on success, or errno on failure. +
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.3.7 History Expansion

+ +

+ +These functions implement history expansion. +

+ + +

+
Function: int history_expand (char *string, char **output) +
Expand string, placing the result into output, a pointer +to a string (see section 1.1 History Expansion). Returns: +
+
0 +
If no expansions took place (or, if the only change in +the text was the removal of escape characters preceding the history expansion +character); +
1 +
if expansions did take place; +
-1 +
if there was an error in expansion; +
2 +
if the returned line should be displayed, but not executed, +as with the :p modifier (see section 1.1.3 Modifiers). +
+

+ +If an error ocurred in expansion, then output contains a descriptive +error message. +

+

+ + +

+
Function: char * get_history_event (const char *string, int *cindex, int qchar) +
Returns the text of the history event beginning at string + +*cindex. *cindex is modified to point to after the event +specifier. At function entry, cindex points to the index into +string where the history event specification begins. qchar +is a character that is allowed to end the event specification in addition +to the "normal" terminating characters. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: char ** history_tokenize (const char *string) +
Return an array of tokens parsed out of string, much as the +shell might. The tokens are split on the characters in the +history_word_delimiters variable, +and shell quoting conventions are obeyed. +
+

+ + +

+
Function: char * history_arg_extract (int first, int last, const char *string) +
Extract a string segment consisting of the first through last +arguments present in string. Arguments are split using +history_tokenize. +
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.4 History Variables

+ +

+ +This section describes the externally-visible variables exported by +the GNU History Library. +

+ + +

+
Variable: int history_base +
The logical offset of the first entry in the history list. +
+

+ + +

+
Variable: int history_length +
The number of entries currently stored in the history list. +
+

+ + +

+
Variable: int history_max_entries +
The maximum number of history entries. This must be changed using +stifle_history(). +
+

+ + +

+
Variable: char history_expansion_char +
The character that introduces a history event. The default is `!'. +Setting this to 0 inhibits history expansion. +
+

+ + +

+
Variable: char history_subst_char +
The character that invokes word substitution if found at the start of +a line. The default is `^'. +
+

+ + +

+
Variable: char history_comment_char +
During tokenization, if this character is seen as the first character +of a word, then it and all subsequent characters up to a newline are +ignored, suppressing history expansion for the remainder of the line. +This is disabled by default. +
+

+ + +

+
Variable: char * history_word_delimiters +
The characters that separate tokens for history_tokenize(). +The default value is " \t\n()<>;&|". +
+

+ + +

+
Variable: char * history_no_expand_chars +
The list of characters which inhibit history expansion if found immediately +following history_expansion_char. The default is space, tab, newline, +carriage return, and `='. +
+

+ + +

+
Variable: char * history_search_delimiter_chars +
The list of additional characters which can delimit a history search +string, in addition to space, TAB, `:' and `?' in the case of +a substring search. The default is empty. +
+

+ + +

+
Variable: int history_quotes_inhibit_expansion +
If non-zero, single-quoted words are not scanned for the history expansion +character. The default value is 0. +
+

+ + +

+
Variable: rl_linebuf_func_t * history_inhibit_expansion_function +
This should be set to the address of a function that takes two arguments: +a char * (string) +and an int index into that string (i). +It should return a non-zero value if the history expansion starting at +string[i] should not be performed; zero if the expansion should +be done. +It is intended for use by applications like Bash that use the history +expansion character for additional purposes. +By default, this variable is set to NULL. +
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

2.5 History Programming Example

+ +

+ +The following program demonstrates simple use of the GNU History Library. +

+ +
 
#include <stdio.h>
+#include <readline/history.h>
+
+main (argc, argv)
+     int argc;
+     char **argv;
+{
+  char line[1024], *t;
+  int len, done = 0;
+
+  line[0] = 0;
+
+  using_history ();
+  while (!done)
+    {
+      printf ("history$ ");
+      fflush (stdout);
+      t = fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, stdin);
+      if (t && *t)
+        {
+          len = strlen (t);
+          if (t[len - 1] == '\n')
+            t[len - 1] = '\0';
+        }
+
+      if (!t)
+        strcpy (line, "quit");
+
+      if (line[0])
+        {
+          char *expansion;
+          int result;
+
+          result = history_expand (line, &expansion);
+          if (result)
+            fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", expansion);
+
+          if (result < 0 || result == 2)
+            {
+              free (expansion);
+              continue;
+            }
+
+          add_history (expansion);
+          strncpy (line, expansion, sizeof (line) - 1);
+          free (expansion);
+        }
+
+      if (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0)
+        done = 1;
+      else if (strcmp (line, "save") == 0)
+        write_history ("history_file");
+      else if (strcmp (line, "read") == 0)
+        read_history ("history_file");
+      else if (strcmp (line, "list") == 0)
+        {
+          register HIST_ENTRY **the_list;
+          register int i;
+
+          the_list = history_list ();
+          if (the_list)
+            for (i = 0; the_list[i]; i++)
+              printf ("%d: %s\n", i + history_base, the_list[i]->line);
+        }
+      else if (strncmp (line, "delete", 6) == 0)
+        {
+          int which;
+          if ((sscanf (line + 6, "%d", &which)) == 1)
+            {
+              HIST_ENTRY *entry = remove_history (which);
+              if (!entry)
+                fprintf (stderr, "No such entry %d\n", which);
+              else
+                {
+                  free (entry->line);
+                  free (entry);
+                }
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              fprintf (stderr, "non-numeric arg given to `delete'\n");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+

+ + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
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+

A. Concept Index

+ +
Jump to:   A +   +E +   +H +   +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Index Entry Section
A
anchored search2.3.5 Searching the History List
E
event designators1.1.1 Event Designators
H
history events1.1.1 Event Designators
history expansion1.1 History Expansion
History Searching2.3.5 Searching the History List

Jump to:   A +   +E +   +H +   +

+ + +

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B. Function and Variable Index

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Index Entry Section
A
add_history2.3.2 History List Management
append_history2.3.6 Managing the History File
C
clear_history2.3.2 History List Management
current_history2.3.3 Information About the History List
G
get_history_event2.3.7 History Expansion
H
history_arg_extract2.3.7 History Expansion
history_base2.4 History Variables
history_comment_char2.4 History Variables
history_expand2.3.7 History Expansion
history_expansion_char2.4 History Variables
history_get2.3.3 Information About the History List
history_get_history_state2.3.1 Initializing History and State Management
history_inhibit_expansion_function2.4 History Variables
history_is_stifled2.3.2 History List Management
history_length2.4 History Variables
history_list2.3.3 Information About the History List
history_max_entries2.4 History Variables
history_no_expand_chars2.4 History Variables
history_quotes_inhibit_expansion2.4 History Variables
history_search2.3.5 Searching the History List
history_search_delimiter_chars2.4 History Variables
history_search_pos2.3.5 Searching the History List
history_search_prefix2.3.5 Searching the History List
history_set_history_state2.3.1 Initializing History and State Management
history_set_pos2.3.4 Moving Around the History List
history_subst_char2.4 History Variables
history_tokenize2.3.7 History Expansion
history_total_bytes2.3.3 Information About the History List
history_truncate_file2.3.6 Managing the History File
history_word_delimiters2.4 History Variables
N
next_history2.3.4 Moving Around the History List
P
previous_history2.3.4 Moving Around the History List
R
read_history2.3.6 Managing the History File
read_history_range2.3.6 Managing the History File
remove_history2.3.2 History List Management
replace_history_entry2.3.2 History List Management
S
stifle_history2.3.2 History List Management
U
unstifle_history2.3.2 History List Management
using_history2.3.1 Initializing History and State Management
W
where_history2.3.3 Information About the History List
write_history2.3.6 Managing the History File

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[Top][Contents][Index][ ? ]
+

Table of Contents

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[Top][Contents][Index][ ? ]
+

Short Table of Contents

+
+1. Using History Interactively +
+2. Programming with GNU History +
+A. Concept Index +
+B. Function and Variable Index +
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[Top][Contents][Index][ ? ]
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About this document

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