/* Copyright (C) 2001-2023 Artifex Software, Inc.
   All Rights Reserved.

   This software is provided AS-IS with no warranty, either express or
   implied.

   This software is distributed under license and may not be copied,
   modified or distributed except as expressly authorized under the terms
   of the license contained in the file LICENSE in this distribution.

   Refer to licensing information at http://www.artifex.com or contact
   Artifex Software, Inc.,  39 Mesa Street, Suite 108A, San Francisco,
   CA 94129, USA, for further information.
*/


/*
 * Microsoft Windows platform support for Ghostscript.
 *
 * Original version by Russell Lang and Maurice Castro with help from
 * Programming Windows, 2nd Ed., Charles Petzold, Microsoft Press;
 * initially created from gp_dosfb.c and gp_itbc.c 5th June 1992.
 */

/* Modified for Win32 & Microsoft C/C++ 8.0 32-Bit, 26.Okt.1994 */
/* by Friedrich Nowak                                           */

/* Original EXE and GSview specific code removed */
/* DLL version must now be used under MS-Windows */
/* Russell Lang 16 March 1996 */

/* prevent gp.h from defining fopen */
#define fopen fopen

#include "windows_.h"
#include "stdio_.h"
#include "string_.h"
#include "memory_.h"
#include "stat_.h"
#include "pipe_.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include "ctype_.h"
#include <io.h>
#include "malloc_.h"
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "gx.h"

#include "gp.h"
#include "gpcheck.h"
#include "gpmisc.h"
#include "gserrors.h"
#include "gsexit.h"
#include "scommon.h"

#include <shellapi.h>
#include <winspool.h>
#include "gp_mswin.h"
#include "winrtsup.h"

/* Library routines not declared in a standard header */
#if _MSC_VER < 1400 /* Earlier than VS2005 */
extern char *getenv(const char *);
#endif

/* limits */
#define MAXSTR 255

/* GLOBAL VARIABLE that needs to be removed */
char win_prntmp[MAXSTR];	/* filename of PRN temporary file */

/* GLOBAL VARIABLES - initialised at DLL load time */
HINSTANCE phInstance;
BOOL is_win32s = FALSE;

const LPSTR szAppName = "Ghostscript";
#ifndef METRO
static int is_printer(const char *name);
#endif

/* ====== Generic platform procedures ====== */

/* ------ Initialization/termination (from gp_itbc.c) ------ */

/* Do platform-dependent initialization. */
void
gp_init(void)
{
}

/* Do platform-dependent cleanup. */
void
gp_exit(int exit_status, int code)
{
}

/* Exit the program. */
void
gp_do_exit(int exit_status)
{
    exit(exit_status);
}

/* ------ Printer accessing ------ */

/* Forward references */
#ifndef METRO
static int gp_printfile(const gs_memory_t *mem, const char *, const char *);
#endif

/* Open a connection to a printer.  A null file name means use the */
/* standard printer connected to the machine, if any. */
/* Return NULL if the connection could not be opened. */
FILE *
gp_open_printer_impl(gs_memory_t *mem,
                     const char  *fname,
                     int         *binary_mode,
                     int          (**close)(FILE *))
{
#ifdef METRO
    return gp_fopen_impl(mem, fname, (*binary_mode ? "wb" : "w"));
#else
    if (is_printer(fname)) {
        /* Open a scratch file, which we will send to the */
        /* actual printer in gp_close_printer. */
        return gp_open_scratch_file_impl(mem, gp_scratch_file_name_prefix,
                                         win_prntmp, "wb", 0);
    } else if (fname[0] == '|') { 	/* pipe */
        return mswin_popen(fname + 1, (*binary_mode ? "wb" : "w"));
    } else if (strcmp(fname, "LPT1:") == 0)
        return NULL;	/* not supported, use %printer%name instead  */
    else
        return gp_fopen_impl(mem, fname, (*binary_mode ? "wb" : "w"));
#endif
}

/* Close the connection to the printer. */
void
gp_close_printer(gp_file * pfile, const char *fname)
{
    const gs_memory_t *mem = pfile->memory;

    gp_fclose(pfile);
#ifndef METRO
    if (!is_printer(fname))
        return;			/* a file, not a printer */

    gp_printfile(mem, win_prntmp, fname);
    unlink(win_prntmp); /* unlink not gp_unlink */
#endif
}

#ifndef METRO
/* Dialog box to select printer port */
DLGRETURN CALLBACK
SpoolDlgProc(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    LPSTR entry;

    switch (message) {
        case WM_INITDIALOG:
            entry = (LPSTR) lParam;
            while (*entry) {
                SendDlgItemMessage(hDlg, SPOOL_PORT, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM) entry);
                entry += lstrlen(entry) + 1;
            }
            SendDlgItemMessage(hDlg, SPOOL_PORT, LB_SETCURSEL, 0, (LPARAM) 0);
            return TRUE;
        case WM_COMMAND:
            switch (LOWORD(wParam)) {
                case SPOOL_PORT:
                    if (HIWORD(wParam) == LBN_DBLCLK)
                        PostMessage(hDlg, WM_COMMAND, IDOK, 0L);
                    return FALSE;
                case IDOK:
                    EndDialog(hDlg, 1 + (int)SendDlgItemMessage(hDlg, SPOOL_PORT, LB_GETCURSEL, 0, 0L));
                    return TRUE;
                case IDCANCEL:
                    EndDialog(hDlg, 0);
                    return TRUE;
            }
    }
    return FALSE;
}

/* return TRUE if queue looks like a valid printer name */
int
is_spool(const char *queue)
{
    char *prefix = "\\\\spool";	/* 7 characters long */
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
        if (prefix[i] == '\\') {
            if ((*queue != '\\') && (*queue != '/'))
                return FALSE;
        } else if (tolower(*queue) != prefix[i])
            return FALSE;
        queue++;
    }
    if (*queue && (*queue != '\\') && (*queue != '/'))
        return FALSE;
    return TRUE;
}

static int
is_printer(const char *name)
{
    /* is printer if no name given */
    if (strlen(name) == 0)
        return TRUE;

    /* is printer if name prefixed by \\spool\ */
    if (is_spool(name))
        return TRUE;

    return FALSE;
}

/******************************************************************/
/* Print File to port or queue */
/* port==NULL means prompt for port or queue with dialog box */

/* This is messy because of past support for old version of Windows. */

/* Win95, WinNT: Use OpenPrinter, WritePrinter etc. */
#ifndef METRO
static int gp_printfile_win32(const gs_memory_t *mem, const char *filename, char *port);
#endif

/*
 * Valid values for pmport are:
 *   ""
 *      action: Use default queue
 *   "\\spool\printer name"
 *      action: send to printer using WritePrinter.
 *              Using "%printer%printer name" is preferred
 *   "\\spool"
 *      action: prompt for queue name then send to printer using WritePrinter.
 *              THIS IS CURRENTLY BROKEN
 */
/* Print File */
static int
gp_printfile(const gs_memory_t *mem, const char *filename, const char *pmport)
{
    if (strlen(pmport) == 0) {	/* get default printer */
        char buf[256];
        char *p;

        /* WinNT stores default printer in registry and win.ini */
        /* Win95 stores default printer in win.ini */
        wchar_t wbuf[512];
        int l;

        GetProfileStringW(L"windows", L"device", L"",  wbuf, sizeof(wbuf));
        l = gp_uint16_to_utf8(NULL, wbuf);
        if (l < 0 || l > sizeof(buf))
            return_error(gs_error_undefinedfilename);
        gp_uint16_to_utf8(buf, wbuf);
        if ((p = strchr(buf, ',')) != NULL)
            *p = '\0';
        return gp_printfile_win32(mem, filename, buf);
    } else if (is_spool(pmport)) {
        if (strlen(pmport) >= 8)
            return gp_printfile_win32(mem, filename, (char *)pmport + 8);
        else
            return gp_printfile_win32(mem, filename, (char *)NULL);
    } else
        return_error(gs_error_undefinedfilename);
}

#define PRINT_BUF_SIZE 16384u
#define PORT_BUF_SIZE 4096

char *
get_queues(void)
{
    int i;
    DWORD count, needed;
    PRINTER_INFO_1 *prinfo;
    char *enumbuffer;
    char *buffer;
    char *p;

    /* enumerate all available printers */
    EnumPrinters(PRINTER_ENUM_CONNECTIONS | PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL, NULL, 1, NULL, 0, &needed, &count);
    if (needed == 0) {
        /* no printers */
        enumbuffer = malloc(4);
        if (enumbuffer == (char *)NULL)
            return NULL;
        memset(enumbuffer, 0, 4);
        return enumbuffer;
    }
    enumbuffer = malloc(needed);
    if (enumbuffer == (char *)NULL)
        return NULL;
    if (!EnumPrinters(PRINTER_ENUM_CONNECTIONS | PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL, NULL, 1, (LPBYTE) enumbuffer, needed, &needed, &count)) {
        char buf[256];

        free(enumbuffer);
        gs_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "EnumPrinters() failed, error code = %d", GetLastError());
        MessageBox((HWND) NULL, buf, szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONSTOP);
        return NULL;
    }
    prinfo = (PRINTER_INFO_1 *) enumbuffer;
    if ((buffer = malloc(PORT_BUF_SIZE)) == (char *)NULL) {
        free(enumbuffer);
        return NULL;
    }
    /* copy printer names to single buffer */
    p = buffer;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        if (strlen(prinfo[i].pName) + 1 < (PORT_BUF_SIZE - (p - buffer))) {
            strcpy(p, prinfo[i].pName);
            p += strlen(p) + 1;
        }
    }
    *p = '\0';			/* double null at end */
    free(enumbuffer);
    return buffer;
}

/* return TRUE if queuename available */
/* return FALSE if cancelled or error */
/* if queue non-NULL, use as suggested queue */
BOOL
get_queuename(char *portname, const char *queue)
{
    char *buffer;
    char *p;
    int i, iport;

    buffer = get_queues();
    if (buffer == NULL)
        return FALSE;
    if ((queue == (char *)NULL) || (strlen(queue) == 0)) {
        /* PROMPTING FOR A QUEUE IS CURRENTLY BROKEN */
        /* select a queue */
        iport = DialogBoxParam(phInstance, "QueueDlgBox", (HWND) NULL, SpoolDlgProc, (LPARAM) buffer);
        if (!iport) {
            free(buffer);
            return FALSE;
        }
        p = buffer;
        for (i = 1; i < iport && strlen(p) != 0; i++)
            p += lstrlen(p) + 1;
        /* prepend \\spool\ which is used by Ghostscript to distinguish */
        /* real files from queues */
        strcpy(portname, "\\\\spool\\");
        strcat(portname, p);
    } else {
        strcpy(portname, "\\\\spool\\");
        strcat(portname, queue);
    }

    free(buffer);
    return TRUE;
}
#endif

BOOL gp_OpenPrinter(char *port, LPHANDLE printer)
{
#ifdef METRO
    return FALSE;
#else
    BOOL opened;
    wchar_t *uni = malloc(gp_utf8_to_uint16(NULL, port) * sizeof(wchar_t));
    if (uni)
        gp_utf8_to_uint16(uni, port);
    opened = OpenPrinterW(uni, printer, NULL);
    free(uni);
    return opened;
#endif
}

#ifndef METRO
/* True Win32 method, using OpenPrinter, WritePrinter etc. */
static int
gp_printfile_win32(const gs_memory_t *mem, const char *filename, char *port)
{
    DWORD count;
    char *buffer;
    char portname[MAXSTR];
    gp_file *f;
    HANDLE printer;
    DOC_INFO_1 di;
    DWORD written;

    if (!get_queuename(portname, port))
        return FALSE;
    port = portname + 8;	/* skip over \\spool\ */

    if ((buffer = malloc(PRINT_BUF_SIZE)) == (char *)NULL)
        return FALSE;

    if ((f = gp_fopen(mem, filename, "rb")) == (gp_file *) NULL) {
        free(buffer);
        return FALSE;
    }
    /* open a printer */
    if (!gp_OpenPrinter(port, &printer)) {
        char buf[256];

        gs_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "OpenPrinter() failed for \042%s\042, error code = %d", port, GetLastError());
        MessageBox((HWND) NULL, buf, szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONSTOP);
        free(buffer);
        return FALSE;
    }
    /* from here until ClosePrinter, should AbortPrinter on error */

    di.pDocName = szAppName;
    di.pOutputFile = NULL;
    di.pDatatype = "RAW";	/* for available types see EnumPrintProcessorDatatypes */
    if (!StartDocPrinter(printer, 1, (LPBYTE) & di)) {
        char buf[256];

        gs_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "StartDocPrinter() failed, error code = %d", GetLastError());
        MessageBox((HWND) NULL, buf, szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONSTOP);
        AbortPrinter(printer);
        free(buffer);
        return FALSE;
    }
    /* copy file to printer */
    while ((count = gp_fread(buffer, 1, PRINT_BUF_SIZE, f)) != 0) {
        if (!WritePrinter(printer, (LPVOID) buffer, count, &written)) {
            free(buffer);
            gp_fclose(f);
            AbortPrinter(printer);
            return FALSE;
        }
    }
    gp_fclose(f);
    free(buffer);

    if (!EndDocPrinter(printer)) {
        char buf[256];

        gs_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "EndDocPrinter() failed, error code = %d", GetLastError());
        MessageBox((HWND) NULL, buf, szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONSTOP);
        AbortPrinter(printer);
        return FALSE;
    }
    if (!ClosePrinter(printer)) {
        char buf[256];

        gs_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "ClosePrinter() failed, error code = %d", GetLastError());
        MessageBox((HWND) NULL, buf, szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONSTOP);
        return FALSE;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

/******************************************************************/
/* MS Windows has popen and pclose in stdio.h, but under different names.
 * Unfortunately MSVC5 and 6 have a broken implementation of _popen,
 * so we use own.  Our implementation only supports mode "wb".
 */
FILE *mswin_popen(const char *cmd, const char *mode)
{
    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES saAttr;
    STARTUPINFOW siStartInfo;
    PROCESS_INFORMATION piProcInfo;
    HANDLE hPipeTemp = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    HANDLE hChildStdinRd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    HANDLE hChildStdinWr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    HANDLE hChildStdoutWr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    HANDLE hChildStderrWr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    HANDLE hProcess = GetCurrentProcess();
    int handle = 0;
    wchar_t *command = NULL;
    FILE *pipe = NULL;

    if (strcmp(mode, "wb") != 0)
        return NULL;

    /* Set the bInheritHandle flag so pipe handles are inherited. */
    saAttr.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
    saAttr.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
    saAttr.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;

    /* Create anonymous inheritable pipes for STDIN for child.
     * First create a noninheritable duplicate handle of our end of
     * the pipe, then close the inheritable handle.
     */
    if (handle == 0)
        if (!CreatePipe(&hChildStdinRd, &hPipeTemp, &saAttr, 0))
            handle = -1;
    if (handle == 0) {
        if (!DuplicateHandle(hProcess, hPipeTemp,
            hProcess, &hChildStdinWr, 0, FALSE /* not inherited */,
            DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
            handle = -1;
        CloseHandle(hPipeTemp);
    }
    /* Create inheritable duplicate handles for our stdout/err */
    if (handle == 0)
        if (!DuplicateHandle(hProcess, GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),
            hProcess, &hChildStdoutWr, 0, TRUE /* inherited */,
            DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
            handle = -1;
    if (handle == 0)
        if (!DuplicateHandle(hProcess, GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE),
            hProcess, &hChildStderrWr, 0, TRUE /* inherited */,
            DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
            handle = -1;

    /* Set up members of STARTUPINFO structure. */
    memset(&siStartInfo, 0, sizeof(siStartInfo));
    siStartInfo.cb = sizeof(siStartInfo);
    siStartInfo.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
    siStartInfo.hStdInput = hChildStdinRd;
    siStartInfo.hStdOutput = hChildStdoutWr;
    siStartInfo.hStdError = hChildStderrWr;

    if (handle == 0) {
        command = (wchar_t *)malloc(sizeof(wchar_t)*gp_utf8_to_uint16(NULL, cmd));
        if (command)
            gp_utf8_to_uint16(command, cmd);
        else
            handle = -1;
    }

    if (handle == 0)
        if (!CreateProcessW(NULL,
            command,  	   /* command line                       */
            NULL,          /* process security attributes        */
            NULL,          /* primary thread security attributes */
            TRUE,          /* handles are inherited              */
            0,             /* creation flags                     */
            NULL,          /* environment                        */
            NULL,          /* use parent's current directory     */
            &siStartInfo,  /* STARTUPINFO pointer                */
            &piProcInfo))  /* receives PROCESS_INFORMATION  */
        {
            handle = -1;
        }
        else {
            CloseHandle(piProcInfo.hProcess);
            CloseHandle(piProcInfo.hThread);
            handle = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)hChildStdinWr, 0);
        }

    if (hChildStdinRd != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        CloseHandle(hChildStdinRd);	/* close our copy */
    if (hChildStdoutWr != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        CloseHandle(hChildStdoutWr);	/* close our copy */
    if (hChildStderrWr != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        CloseHandle(hChildStderrWr);	/* close our copy */
    if (command)
        free(command);

    if (handle < 0) {
        if (hChildStdinWr != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            CloseHandle(hChildStdinWr);
    }
    else {
        pipe = _fdopen(handle, "wb");
        if (pipe == NULL)
            _close(handle);
    }
    return pipe;
}
#endif

/* ------ File naming and accessing ------ */

/* Create and open a scratch file with a given name prefix. */
/* Write the actual file name at fname. */
FILE *
gp_open_scratch_file_impl(const gs_memory_t *mem,
                          const char        *prefix,
                                char        *fname,
                          const char        *mode,
                                int          remove)
{
    UINT n;
    DWORD l;
    HANDLE hfile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    int fd = -1;
    FILE *f = NULL;
    char sTempDir[_MAX_PATH];
    char sTempFileName[_MAX_PATH];
    wchar_t wTempDir[_MAX_PATH];
    wchar_t wTempFileName[_MAX_PATH];
    wchar_t wPrefix[_MAX_PATH];

    memset(fname, 0, gp_file_name_sizeof);
    if (!gp_file_name_is_absolute(prefix, strlen(prefix))) {
        int plen = _MAX_PATH;

        /* gp_gettmpdir will always return a UTF8 encoded string
         * due to the windows specific version of gp_getenv
         * being called (in gp_wgetv.c, not gp_getnv.c) */
        if (gp_gettmpdir(sTempDir, &plen) != 0) {
#ifdef METRO
            /* METRO always uses UTF8 for 'ascii' - there is no concept of
             * local encoding. */
            l = GetTempPathWRT(_MAX_PATH, wTempDir);
#else
            GetTempPathW(_MAX_PATH, wTempDir);
#endif
            l = gp_uint16_to_utf8(sTempDir, wTempDir);
        } else
            l = strlen(sTempDir);
    } else {
        strncpy(sTempDir, prefix, _MAX_PATH);
        prefix = "";
        l = strlen(sTempDir);
    }
    /* Fix the trailing terminator so GetTempFileName doesn't get confused */
    if (sTempDir[l-1] == '/')
        sTempDir[l-1] = '\\';		/* What Windoze prefers */

    if (l <= _MAX_PATH) {
        gp_utf8_to_uint16(wTempDir, sTempDir);
        gp_utf8_to_uint16(wPrefix, prefix);
#ifdef METRO
        n = GetTempFileNameWRT(wTempDir, wPrefix, wTempFileName);
#else
        GetTempFileNameW(wTempDir, wPrefix, 0, wTempFileName);
#endif
        n = gp_uint16_to_utf8(sTempFileName, wTempFileName);
        if (n == 0) {
            /* If 'prefix' is not a directory, it is a path prefix. */
            int l = strlen(sTempDir), i;

            for (i = l - 1; i > 0; i--) {
                uint slen = gs_file_name_check_separator(sTempDir + i, l, sTempDir + l);

                if (slen > 0) {
                    sTempDir[i] = 0;
                    i += slen;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (i > 0) {
                gp_utf8_to_uint16(wPrefix, sTempDir + i);
#ifdef METRO
                GetTempFileNameWRT(wTempDir, wPrefix, wTempFileName);
#else
                GetTempFileNameW(wTempDir, wPrefix, 0, wTempFileName);
#endif
                n = gp_uint16_to_utf8(sTempFileName, wTempFileName);
            }
        }
        if (n != 0) {
            int len = gp_utf8_to_uint16(NULL, sTempFileName);
            wchar_t *uni = (len > 0 ? malloc(sizeof(wchar_t)*len) : NULL);
            if (uni == NULL)
                hfile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
            else {
                gp_utf8_to_uint16(uni, sTempFileName);
#ifdef METRO
                hfile = CreateFile2(uni,
                                    GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE | DELETE,
                                    FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
                                    CREATE_ALWAYS | (remove ? FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE : 0),
                                    NULL);
#else
                hfile = CreateFileW(uni,
                                    GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE | DELETE,
                                    FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
                                    NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS,
                                    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | (remove ? FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE : 0),
                                    NULL);
#endif
                free(uni);
            }
        }
    }
    if (hfile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        /* Associate a C file handle with an OS file handle. */
        fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)hfile, 0);
        if (fd == -1)
            CloseHandle(hfile);
        else {
            /* Associate a C file stream with C file handle. */
            f = fdopen(fd, mode);
        }
    }
    if (f != NULL) {
        if ((strlen(sTempFileName) < gp_file_name_sizeof))
            strncpy(fname, sTempFileName, gp_file_name_sizeof - 1);
        else {
            /* The file name is too long. */
            fclose(f);
            f = NULL;
        }
    }
    if (f == NULL)
        emprintf1(mem, "**** Could not open temporary file '%s'\n", fname);
    return f;
}

int gp_stat_impl(const gs_memory_t *mem, const char *path, struct _stat64 *buf)
{
    int len = gp_utf8_to_uint16(NULL, path);
    wchar_t *uni;
    int ret;

    if (len <= 0)
        return -1;
    uni = malloc(len*sizeof(wchar_t));
    if (uni == NULL)
        return -1;
    gp_utf8_to_uint16(uni, path);
    ret = _wstat64(uni, buf);
    free(uni);
    return ret;
}

/* test whether gp_fdup is supported on this platform  */
int gp_can_share_fdesc(void)
{
    return 1;
}

/* ------ Font enumeration ------ */

 /* This is used to query the native os for a list of font names and
  * corresponding paths. The general idea is to save the hassle of
  * building a custom fontmap file.
  */

void *gp_enumerate_fonts_init(gs_memory_t *mem)
{
    return NULL;
}

int gp_enumerate_fonts_next(void *enum_state, char **fontname, char **path)
{
    return 0;
}

void gp_enumerate_fonts_free(void *enum_state)
{
}

/* -------------------------  _snprintf -----------------------------*/

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1900 /* VS 2014 and later have (finally) snprintf */
#  define STDC99
#else
/* Microsoft Visual C++ 2005  doesn't properly define snprintf,
   which is defined in the C standard ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) */

int snprintf(char *buffer, size_t count, const char *format, ...)
{
    if (count > 0) {
        va_list args;
        int n;

        va_start(args, format);
        n = _vsnprintf(buffer, count, format, args);
        buffer[count - 1] = 0;
        va_end(args);
        return n;
    } else
        return 0;
}
#endif