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authorMatt McCutchen <matt@mattmccutchen.net>2016-11-14 13:20:24 -0500
committerJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>2016-11-14 11:23:07 -0800
commit235ec24352e151bed37063a004b9800ee0debd74 (patch)
tree6646f0e70a1cd42276ae6e3e4f863b2097146b69
parent0b65a8dbdb38962e700ee16776a3042beb489060 (diff)
downloadgit-235ec24352e151bed37063a004b9800ee0debd74.tar.gz
doc: mention transfer data leaks in more placesmm/push-social-engineering-attack-doc
The "SECURITY" section of the gitnamespaces(7) man page described two ways for a client to steal data from a server that wasn't intended to be shared. Similar attacks can be performed by a server on a client, so adapt the section to cover both directions and add it to the git-fetch(1), git-pull(1), and git-push(1) man pages. Also add references to this section from the documentation of server configuration options that attempt to control data leakage but may not be fully effective. Signed-off-by: Matt McCutchen <matt@mattmccutchen.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config.txt17
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-fetch.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-pull.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-push.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt20
-rw-r--r--Documentation/transfer-data-leaks.txt30
6 files changed, 51 insertions, 22 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 02696208c9..780fbdf41c 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -2787,6 +2787,11 @@ is omitted from the advertisements but `refs/heads/master` and
`refs/namespaces/bar/refs/heads/master` are still advertised as so-called
"have" lines. In order to match refs before stripping, add a `^` in front of
the ref name. If you combine `!` and `^`, `!` must be specified first.
++
+Even if you hide refs, a client may still be able to steal the target
+objects via the techniques described in the "SECURITY" section of the
+linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] man page; it's best to keep private data in a
+separate repository.
transfer.unpackLimit::
When `fetch.unpackLimit` or `receive.unpackLimit` are
@@ -2796,7 +2801,7 @@ transfer.unpackLimit::
uploadarchive.allowUnreachable::
If true, allow clients to use `git archive --remote` to request
any tree, whether reachable from the ref tips or not. See the
- discussion in the `SECURITY` section of
+ discussion in the "SECURITY" section of
linkgit:git-upload-archive[1] for more details. Defaults to
`false`.
@@ -2810,13 +2815,19 @@ uploadpack.allowTipSHA1InWant::
When `uploadpack.hideRefs` is in effect, allow `upload-pack`
to accept a fetch request that asks for an object at the tip
of a hidden ref (by default, such a request is rejected).
- see also `uploadpack.hideRefs`.
+ See also `uploadpack.hideRefs`. Even if this is false, a client
+ may be able to steal objects via the techniques described in the
+ "SECURITY" section of the linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] man page; it's
+ best to keep private data in a separate repository.
uploadpack.allowReachableSHA1InWant::
Allow `upload-pack` to accept a fetch request that asks for an
object that is reachable from any ref tip. However, note that
calculating object reachability is computationally expensive.
- Defaults to `false`.
+ Defaults to `false`. Even if this is false, a client may be able
+ to steal objects via the techniques described in the "SECURITY"
+ section of the linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] man page; it's best to
+ keep private data in a separate repository.
uploadpack.keepAlive::
When `upload-pack` has started `pack-objects`, there may be a
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
index efe56e0808..9176799aa8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
@@ -141,6 +141,8 @@ The first command fetches the `maint` branch from the repository at
objects will eventually be removed by git's built-in housekeeping (see
linkgit:git-gc[1]).
+include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[]
+
BUGS
----
Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
index a62a2a615d..0773c84de0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
@@ -228,6 +228,8 @@ If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
+include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[]
+
BUGS
----
Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt
index cf6ee4a4df..8234136f2d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-push.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt
@@ -552,6 +552,8 @@ Commits A and B would no longer belong to a branch with a symbolic name,
and so would be unreachable. As such, these commits would be removed by
a `git gc` command on the origin repository.
+include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[]
+
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
index 7685e3651a..b614969ad2 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
@@ -61,22 +61,4 @@ For a simple local test, you can use linkgit:git-remote-ext[1]:
git clone ext::'git --namespace=foo %s /tmp/prefixed.git'
----------
-SECURITY
---------
-
-Anyone with access to any namespace within a repository can potentially
-access objects from any other namespace stored in the same repository.
-You can't directly say "give me object ABCD" if you don't have a ref to
-it, but you can do some other sneaky things like:
-
-. Claiming to push ABCD, at which point the server will optimize out the
- need for you to actually send it. Now you have a ref to ABCD and can
- fetch it (claiming not to have it, of course).
-
-. Requesting other refs, claiming that you have ABCD, at which point the
- server may generate deltas against ABCD.
-
-None of this causes a problem if you only host public repositories, or
-if everyone who may read one namespace may also read everything in every
-other namespace (for instance, if everyone in an organization has read
-permission to every repository).
+include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[]
diff --git a/Documentation/transfer-data-leaks.txt b/Documentation/transfer-data-leaks.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..914bacc39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/transfer-data-leaks.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+SECURITY
+--------
+The fetch and push protocols are not designed to prevent one side from
+stealing data from the other repository that was not intended to be
+shared. If you have private data that you need to protect from a malicious
+peer, your best option is to store it in another repository. This applies
+to both clients and servers. In particular, namespaces on a server are not
+effective for read access control; you should only grant read access to a
+namespace to clients that you would trust with read access to the entire
+repository.
+
+The known attack vectors are as follows:
+
+. The victim sends "have" lines advertising the IDs of objects it has that
+ are not explicitly intended to be shared but can be used to optimize the
+ transfer if the peer also has them. The attacker chooses an object ID X
+ to steal and sends a ref to X, but isn't required to send the content of
+ X because the victim already has it. Now the victim believes that the
+ attacker has X, and it sends the content of X back to the attacker
+ later. (This attack is most straightforward for a client to perform on a
+ server, by creating a ref to X in the namespace the client has access
+ to and then fetching it. The most likely way for a server to perform it
+ on a client is to "merge" X into a public branch and hope that the user
+ does additional work on this branch and pushes it back to the server
+ without noticing the merge.)
+
+. As in #1, the attacker chooses an object ID X to steal. The victim sends
+ an object Y that the attacker already has, and the attacker falsely
+ claims to have X and not Y, so the victim sends Y as a delta against X.
+ The delta reveals regions of X that are similar to Y to the attacker.