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diff --git a/doc/articles/artifactory_and_gitlab/index.md b/doc/articles/artifactory_and_gitlab/index.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c64851bad2b --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/articles/artifactory_and_gitlab/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,278 @@ +# How to deploy Maven projects to Artifactory with GitLab CI/CD + +> **Article [Type](../../development/writing_documentation.md#types-of-technical-articles):** tutorial || +> **Level:** intermediary || +> **Author:** [Fabio Busatto](https://gitlab.com/bikebilly) || +> **Publication date:** 2017-08-15 + +## Introduction + +In this article, we will show how you can leverage the power of [GitLab CI/CD](https://about.gitlab.com/features/gitlab-ci-cd/) +to build a [Maven](https://maven.apache.org/) project, deploy it to [Artifactory](https://www.jfrog.com/artifactory/), and then use it from another Maven application as a dependency. + +You'll create two different projects: + +- `simple-maven-dep`: the app built and deployed to Artifactory (available at https://gitlab.com/gitlab-examples/maven/simple-maven-dep) +- `simple-maven-app`: the app using the previous one as a dependency (available at https://gitlab.com/gitlab-examples/maven/simple-maven-app) + +We assume that you already have a GitLab account on [GitLab.com](https://gitlab.com/), and that you know the basic usage of Git and [GitLab CI/CD](https://about.gitlab.com/features/gitlab-ci-cd/). +We also assume that an Artifactory instance is available and reachable from the internet, and that you have valid credentials to deploy on it. + +## Create the simple Maven dependency + +First of all, you need an application to work with: in this specific case we will +use a simple one, but it could be any Maven application. This will be the +dependency you want to package and deploy to Artifactory, in order to be +available to other projects. + +### Prepare the dependency application + +For this article you'll use a Maven app that can be cloned from our example +project: + +1. Log in to your GitLab account +1. Create a new project by selecting **Import project from ➔ Repo by URL** +1. Add the following URL: + + ``` + https://gitlab.com/gitlab-examples/maven/simple-maven-dep.git + ``` +1. Click **Create project** + +This application is nothing more than a basic class with a stub for a JUnit based test suite. +It exposes a method called `hello` that accepts a string as input, and prints a hello message on the screen. + +The project structure is really simple, and you should consider these two resources: + +- `pom.xml`: project object model (POM) configuration file +- `src/main/java/com/example/dep/Dep.java`: source of our application + +### Configure the Artifactory deployment + +The application is ready to use, but you need some additional steps to deploy it to Artifactory: + +1. Log in to Artifactory with your user's credentials. +1. From the main screen, click on the `libs-release-local` item in the **Set Me Up** panel. +1. Copy to clipboard the configuration snippet under the **Deploy** paragraph. +1. Change the `url` value in order to have it configurable via secret variables. +1. Copy the snippet in the `pom.xml` file for your project, just after the + `dependencies` section. The snippet should look like this: + + ```xml + <distributionManagement> + <repository> + <id>central</id> + <name>83d43b5afeb5-releases</name> + <url>${env.MAVEN_REPO_URL}/libs-release-local</url> + </repository> + </distributionManagement> + ``` + +Another step you need to do before you can deploy the dependency to Artifactory +is to configure the authentication data. It is a simple task, but Maven requires +it to stay in a file called `settings.xml` that has to be in the `.m2` subdirectory +in the user's homedir. + +Since you want to use GitLab Runner to automatically deploy the application, you +should create the file in the project's home directory and set a command line +parameter in `.gitlab-ci.yml` to use the custom location instead of the default one: + +1. Create a folder called `.m2` in the root of your repository +1. Create a file called `settings.xml` in the `.m2` folder +1. Copy the following content into a `settings.xml` file: + + ```xml + <settings xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.1.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.1.0.xsd" + xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> + <servers> + <server> + <id>central</id> + <username>${env.MAVEN_REPO_USER}</username> + <password>${env.MAVEN_REPO_PASS}</password> + </server> + </servers> + </settings> + ``` + + Username and password will be replaced by the correct values using secret variables. + +### Configure GitLab CI/CD for `simple-maven-dep` + +Now it's time we set up [GitLab CI/CD](https://about.gitlab.com/features/gitlab-ci-cd/) to automatically build, test and deploy the dependency! + +GitLab CI/CD uses a file in the root of the repo, named `.gitlab-ci.yml`, to read the definitions for jobs +that will be executed by the configured GitLab Runners. You can read more about this file in the [GitLab Documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/). + +First of all, remember to set up secret variables for your deployment. Navigate to your project's **Settings > CI/CD** page +and add the following secret variables (replace them with your current values, of course): + +- **MAVEN_REPO_URL**: `http://artifactory.example.com:8081/artifactory` (your Artifactory URL) +- **MAVEN_REPO_USER**: `gitlab` (your Artifactory username) +- **MAVEN_REPO_PASS**: `AKCp2WXr3G61Xjz1PLmYa3arm3yfBozPxSta4taP3SeNu2HPXYa7FhNYosnndFNNgoEds8BCS` (your Artifactory Encrypted Password) + +Now it's time to define jobs in `.gitlab-ci.yml` and push it to the repo: + +```yaml +image: maven:latest + +variables: + MAVEN_CLI_OPTS: "-s .m2/settings.xml --batch-mode" + MAVEN_OPTS: "-Dmaven.repo.local=.m2/repository" + +cache: + paths: + - .m2/repository/ + - target/ + +build: + stage: build + script: + - mvn $MAVEN_CLI_OPTS compile + +test: + stage: test + script: + - mvn $MAVEN_CLI_OPTS test + +deploy: + stage: deploy + script: + - mvn $MAVEN_CLI_OPTS deploy + only: + - master +``` + +GitLab Runner will use the latest [Maven Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/_/maven/), which already contains all the tools and the dependencies you need to manage the project, +in order to run the jobs. + +Environment variables are set to instruct Maven to use the `homedir` of the repo instead of the user's home when searching for configuration and dependencies. + +Caching the `.m2/repository folder` (where all the Maven files are stored), and the `target` folder (where our application will be created), is useful for speeding up the process +by running all Maven phases in a sequential order, therefore, executing `mvn test` will automatically run `mvn compile` if necessary. + +Both `build` and `test` jobs leverage the `mvn` command to compile the application and to test it as defined in the test suite that is part of the application. + +Deploy to Artifactory is done as defined by the secret variables we have just set up. +The deployment occurs only if we're pushing or merging to `master` branch, so that the development versions are tested but not published. + +Done! Now you have all the changes in the GitLab repo, and a pipeline has already been started for this commit. In the **Pipelines** tab you can see what's happening. +If the deployment has been successful, the deploy job log will output: + +``` +[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ +[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS +[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ +[INFO] Total time: 1.983 s +``` + +>**Note**: +the `mvn` command downloads a lot of files from the internet, so you'll see a lot of extra activity in the log the first time you run it. + +Yay! You did it! Checking in Artifactory will confirm that you have a new artifact available in the `libs-release-local` repo. + +## Create the main Maven application + +Now that you have the dependency available on Artifactory, it's time to use it! +Let's see how we can have it as a dependency to our main application. + +### Prepare the main application + +We'll use again a Maven app that can be cloned from our example project: + +1. Create a new project by selecting **Import project from ➔ Repo by URL** +1. Add the following URL: + + ``` + https://gitlab.com/gitlab-examples/maven/simple-maven-app.git + ``` +1. Click **Create project** + +This one is a simple app as well. If you look at the `src/main/java/com/example/app/App.java` +file you can see that it imports the `com.example.dep.Dep` class and calls the `hello` method passing `GitLab` as a parameter. + +Since Maven doesn't know how to resolve the dependency, you need to modify the configuration: + +1. Go back to Artifactory +1. Browse the `libs-release-local` repository +1. Select the `simple-maven-dep-1.0.jar` file +1. Find the configuration snippet from the **Dependency Declaration** section of the main panel +1. Copy the snippet in the `dependencies` section of the `pom.xml` file. + The snippet should look like this: + + ```xml + <dependency> + <groupId>com.example.dep</groupId> + <artifactId>simple-maven-dep</artifactId> + <version>1.0</version> + </dependency> + ``` + +### Configure the Artifactory repository location + +At this point you defined the dependency for the application, but you still miss where you can find the required files. +You need to create a `.m2/settings.xml` file as you did for the dependency project, and let Maven know the location using environment variables. + +Here is how you can get the content of the file directly from Artifactory: + +1. From the main screen, click on the `libs-release-local` item in the **Set Me Up** panel +1. Click on **Generate Maven Settings** +1. Click on **Generate Settings** +1. Copy to clipboard the configuration file +1. Save the file as `.m2/settings.xml` in your repo + +Now you are ready to use the Artifactory repository to resolve dependencies and use `simple-maven-dep` in your main application! + +### Configure GitLab CI/CD for `simple-maven-app` + +You need a last step to have everything in place: configure the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file for this project, as you already did for `simple-maven-dep`. + +You want to leverage [GitLab CI/CD](https://about.gitlab.com/features/gitlab-ci-cd/) to automatically build, test and run your awesome application, +and see if you can get the greeting as expected! + +All you need to do is to add the following `.gitlab-ci.yml` to the repo: + +```yaml +image: maven:latest + +stages: + - build + - test + - run + +variables: + MAVEN_CLI_OPTS: "-s .m2/settings.xml --batch-mode" + MAVEN_OPTS: "-Dmaven.repo.local=.m2/repository" + +cache: + paths: + - .m2/repository/ + - target/ + +build: + stage: build + script: + - mvn $MAVEN_CLI_OPTS compile + +test: + stage: test + script: + - mvn $MAVEN_CLI_OPTS test + +run: + stage: run + script: + - mvn $MAVEN_CLI_OPTS package + - mvn $MAVEN_CLI_OPTS exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="com.example.app.App" +``` + +It is very similar to the configuration used for `simple-maven-dep`, but instead of the `deploy` job there is a `run` job. +Probably something that you don't want to use in real projects, but here it is useful to see the application executed automatically. + +And that's it! In the `run` job output log you will find a friendly hello to GitLab! + +## Conclusion + +In this article we covered the basic steps to use an Artifactory Maven repository to automatically publish and consume artifacts. + +A similar approach could be used to interact with any other Maven compatible Binary Repository Manager. +Obviously, you can improve these examples, optimizing the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file to better suit your needs, and adapting to your workflow. |