# Custom server-side Git hooks

NOTE: **Note:**
Custom Git hooks must be configured on the filesystem of the GitLab
server. Only GitLab server administrators will be able to complete these tasks.
Please explore [webhooks] and [CI] as an option if you do not
have filesystem access. For a user configurable Git hook interface, see
[Push Rules](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/push_rules/push_rules.html),
available in GitLab Enterprise Edition.

Git natively supports hooks that are executed on different actions.
Examples of server-side git hooks include pre-receive, post-receive, and update.
See [Git SCM Server-Side Hooks][hooks] for more information about each hook type.

As of gitlab-shell version 2.2.0 (which requires GitLab 7.5+), GitLab
administrators can add custom git hooks to any GitLab project.

## Create a custom Git hook for a repository

Server-side Git hooks are typically placed in the repository's `hooks`
subdirectory. In GitLab, hook directories are are symlinked to the gitlab-shell
`hooks` directory for ease of maintenance between gitlab-shell upgrades.
Custom hooks are implemented differently, but the behavior is exactly the same
once the hook is created. Follow the steps below to set up a custom hook for a
repository:

1. Pick a project that needs a custom Git hook.
1. On the GitLab server, navigate to the project's repository directory.
   For an installation from source the path is usually
   `/home/git/repositories/<group>/<project>.git`. For Omnibus installs the path is
   usually `/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/<group>/<project>.git`.
1. Create a new directory in this location called `custom_hooks`.
1. Inside the new `custom_hooks` directory, create a file with a name matching
   the hook type. For a pre-receive hook the file name should be `pre-receive`
   with no extension.
1. Make the hook file executable and make sure it's owned by git.
1. Write the code to make the Git hook function as expected. Hooks can be
   in any language. Ensure the 'shebang' at the top properly reflects the language
   type. For example, if the script is in Ruby the shebang will probably be
   `#!/usr/bin/env ruby`.

That's it! Assuming the hook code is properly implemented the hook will fire
as appropriate.

## Set a global Git hook for all repositories

To create a Git hook that applies to all of your repositories in
your instance, set a global Git hook. Since all the repositories' `hooks`
directories are symlinked to gitlab-shell's `hooks` directory, adding any hook
to the gitlab-shell `hooks` directory will also apply it to all repositories. Follow
the steps below to properly set up a custom hook all for repositories:

1. On the GitLab server, navigate to the configured custom hook directory. The
   default is in the gitlab-shell directory. The gitlab-shell `hook` directory
   for an installation from source the path is usually
   `/home/git/gitlab-shell/hooks`. For Omnibus installs the path is usually
    `/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/hooks`.
   To look in a different directory for the global custom hooks,
   set `custom_hooks_dir` in the gitlab-shell config. For
   Omnibus installations, this can be set in `gitlab.rb`; and in source
   installations, this can be set in `gitlab-shell/config.yml`.
1. Create a new directory in this location. Depending on your hook, it will be
   either a `pre-receive.d`, `post-receive.d`, or `update.d` directory.
1. Inside this new directory, add your hook. Hooks can be
   in any language. Ensure the 'shebang' at the top properly reflects the language
   type. For example, if the script is in Ruby the shebang will probably be
   `#!/usr/bin/env ruby`.
1. Make the hook file executable and make sure it's owned by Git.

Now test the hook to see that it's functioning properly.

## Chained hooks support

> [Introduced][93] in GitLab Shell 4.1.0 and GitLab 8.15.

Hooks can be also global or be set per project directories and support a chained
execution of the hooks.

NOTE: **Note:**
`<hook_name>.d` would need to be either `pre-receive.d`,
`post-receive.d`, or `update.d` to work properly. Any other names will be ignored.

NOTE: **Note:**
Files in `.d` directories need to be executable and not match the backup file
pattern (`*~`).

The hooks are searched and executed in this order:

1. `gitlab-shell/hooks` directory as known to Gitaly
1. `<project>.git/hooks/<hook_name>` -  executed by `git` itself, this is symlinked to `gitlab-shell/hooks/<hook_name>`
1. `<project>.git/custom_hooks/<hook_name>` - per project hook (this is already existing behavior)
1. `<project>.git/custom_hooks/<hook_name>.d/*` - per project hooks
1. `<project>.git/hooks/<hook_name>.d/*` OR `<custom_hooks_dir>/<hook_name.d>/*` - global hooks: all executable files (minus editor backup files)

The hooks of the same type are executed in order and execution stops on the
first script exiting with a non-zero value.

## Custom error messages

> [Introduced][5073] in GitLab 8.10.

To have custom error messages appear in GitLab's UI when the commit is
declined or an error occurs during the Git hook, your script should:

- Send the custom error messages to either the script's `stdout` or `stderr`.
- Prefix each message with `GL-HOOK-ERR:` with no characters appearing before the prefix.

### Example custom error message

This hook script written in bash will generate the following message in GitLab's UI:

```bash
#!/bin/sh
echo "GL-HOOK-ERR: My custom error message.";
exit 1
```

![Custom message from custom Git hook](img/custom_hooks_error_msg.png)

[CI]: ../ci/README.md
[hooks]: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks#Server-Side-Hooks
[webhooks]: ../user/project/integrations/webhooks.md
[5073]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/5073
[93]: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell/merge_requests/93