path: root/app/models/user.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'carrierwave/orm/activerecord'

class User < ApplicationRecord
  extend Gitlab::ConfigHelper

  include Gitlab::ConfigHelper
  include Gitlab::SQL::Pattern
  include AfterCommitQueue
  include Avatarable
  include Referable
  include Sortable
  include CaseSensitivity
  include TokenAuthenticatable
  include FeatureGate
  include CreatedAtFilterable
  include BulkMemberAccessLoad
  include BlocksJsonSerialization
  include WithUploads
  include OptionallySearch
  include FromUnion
  include BatchDestroyDependentAssociations
  include HasUniqueInternalUsers
  include IgnorableColumns
  include UpdateHighestRole
  include HasUserType
  include Gitlab::Auth::Otp::Fortinet

  DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_LEVEL = :participating

  INSTANCE_ACCESS_REQUEST_APPROVERS_TO_BE_NOTIFIED_LIMIT = 10

  BLOCKED_PENDING_APPROVAL_STATE = 'blocked_pending_approval'

  COUNT_CACHE_VALIDITY_PERIOD = 24.hours

  add_authentication_token_field :incoming_email_token, token_generator: -> { SecureRandom.hex.to_i(16).to_s(36) }
  add_authentication_token_field :feed_token
  add_authentication_token_field :static_object_token

  default_value_for :admin, false
  default_value_for(:external) { Gitlab::CurrentSettings.user_default_external }
  default_value_for :can_create_group, gitlab_config.default_can_create_group
  default_value_for :can_create_team, false
  default_value_for :hide_no_ssh_key, false
  default_value_for :hide_no_password, false
  default_value_for :project_view, :files
  default_value_for :notified_of_own_activity, false
  default_value_for :preferred_language, I18n.default_locale
  default_value_for :theme_id, gitlab_config.default_theme

  attr_encrypted :otp_secret,
    key:       Gitlab::Application.secrets.otp_key_base,
    mode:      :per_attribute_iv_and_salt,
    insecure_mode: true,
    algorithm: 'aes-256-cbc'

  devise :two_factor_authenticatable,
         otp_secret_encryption_key: Gitlab::Application.secrets.otp_key_base

  devise :two_factor_backupable, otp_number_of_backup_codes: 10
  serialize :otp_backup_codes, JSON # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordSerialize

  devise :lockable, :recoverable, :rememberable, :trackable,
         :validatable, :omniauthable, :confirmable, :registerable

  include AdminChangedPasswordNotifier

  # This module adds async behaviour to Devise emails
  # and should be added after Devise modules are initialized.
  include AsyncDeviseEmail

  MINIMUM_INACTIVE_DAYS = 90

  # Override Devise::Models::Trackable#update_tracked_fields!
  # to limit database writes to at most once every hour
  # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  def update_tracked_fields!(request)
    return if Gitlab::Database.read_only?

    update_tracked_fields(request)

    lease = Gitlab::ExclusiveLease.new("user_update_tracked_fields:#{id}", timeout: 1.hour.to_i)
    return unless lease.try_obtain

    Users::UpdateService.new(self, user: self).execute(validate: false)
  end
  # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass

  attr_accessor :force_random_password

  # Virtual attribute for authenticating by either username or email
  attr_accessor :login

  # Virtual attribute for impersonator
  attr_accessor :impersonator

  attr_writer :max_access_for_group

  def max_access_for_group
    @max_access_for_group ||= {}
  end

  #
  # Relations
  #

  # Namespace for personal projects
  has_one :namespace, -> { where(type: nil) }, dependent: :destroy, foreign_key: :owner_id, inverse_of: :owner, autosave: true # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent

  # Profile
  has_many :keys, -> { regular_keys }, dependent: :destroy # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :expired_today_and_unnotified_keys, -> { expired_today_and_not_notified }, class_name: 'Key'
  has_many :expiring_soon_and_unnotified_keys, -> { expiring_soon_and_not_notified }, class_name: 'Key'
  has_many :deploy_keys, -> { where(type: 'DeployKey') }, dependent: :nullify # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :group_deploy_keys
  has_many :gpg_keys

  has_many :emails
  has_many :personal_access_tokens, dependent: :destroy # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :identities, dependent: :destroy, autosave: true # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :u2f_registrations, dependent: :destroy # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :webauthn_registrations
  has_many :chat_names, dependent: :destroy # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_one :user_synced_attributes_metadata, autosave: true
  has_one :aws_role, class_name: 'Aws::Role'

  # Followers
  has_many :followed_users, foreign_key: :follower_id, class_name: 'Users::UserFollowUser'
  has_many :followees, through: :followed_users

  has_many :following_users, foreign_key: :followee_id, class_name: 'Users::UserFollowUser'
  has_many :followers, through: :following_users

  # Groups
  has_many :members
  has_many :group_members, -> { where(requested_at: nil).where("access_level >= ?", Gitlab::Access::GUEST) }, class_name: 'GroupMember'
  has_many :groups, through: :group_members
  has_many :owned_groups, -> { where(members: { access_level: Gitlab::Access::OWNER }) }, through: :group_members, source: :group
  has_many :maintainers_groups, -> { where(members: { access_level: Gitlab::Access::MAINTAINER }) }, through: :group_members, source: :group
  has_many :developer_groups, -> { where(members: { access_level: ::Gitlab::Access::DEVELOPER }) }, through: :group_members, source: :group
  has_many :owned_or_maintainers_groups,
           -> { where(members: { access_level: [Gitlab::Access::MAINTAINER, Gitlab::Access::OWNER] }) },
           through: :group_members,
           source: :group
  alias_attribute :masters_groups, :maintainers_groups
  has_many :reporter_developer_maintainer_owned_groups,
           -> { where(members: { access_level: [Gitlab::Access::REPORTER, Gitlab::Access::DEVELOPER, Gitlab::Access::MAINTAINER, Gitlab::Access::OWNER] }) },
           through: :group_members,
           source: :group
  has_many :minimal_access_group_members, -> { where(access_level: [Gitlab::Access::MINIMAL_ACCESS]) }, class_name: 'GroupMember'
  has_many :minimal_access_groups, through: :minimal_access_group_members, source: :group

  # Projects
  has_many :groups_projects,          through: :groups, source: :projects
  has_many :personal_projects,        through: :namespace, source: :projects
  has_many :project_members, -> { where(requested_at: nil) }
  has_many :projects,                 through: :project_members
  has_many :created_projects,         foreign_key: :creator_id, class_name: 'Project'
  has_many :users_star_projects, dependent: :destroy # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :starred_projects, through: :users_star_projects, source: :project
  has_many :project_authorizations, dependent: :delete_all # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :authorized_projects, through: :project_authorizations, source: :project

  has_many :user_interacted_projects
  has_many :project_interactions, through: :user_interacted_projects, source: :project, class_name: 'Project'

  has_many :snippets,                 dependent: :destroy, foreign_key: :author_id # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :notes,                    dependent: :destroy, foreign_key: :author_id # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :issues,                   dependent: :destroy, foreign_key: :author_id # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :merge_requests,           dependent: :destroy, foreign_key: :author_id # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :events,                   dependent: :delete_all, foreign_key: :author_id # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :releases,                 dependent: :nullify, foreign_key: :author_id # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :subscriptions,            dependent: :destroy # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :oauth_applications, class_name: 'Doorkeeper::Application', as: :owner, dependent: :destroy # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_one  :abuse_report,             dependent: :destroy, foreign_key: :user_id # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :reported_abuse_reports,   dependent: :destroy, foreign_key: :reporter_id, class_name: "AbuseReport" # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :spam_logs,                dependent: :destroy # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :builds,                   dependent: :nullify, class_name: 'Ci::Build' # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :pipelines,                dependent: :nullify, class_name: 'Ci::Pipeline' # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :todos
  has_many :notification_settings
  has_many :award_emoji,              dependent: :destroy # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent
  has_many :triggers,                 dependent: :destroy, class_name: 'Ci::Trigger', foreign_key: :owner_id # rubocop:disable Cop/ActiveRecordDependent

  has_many :issue_assignees, inverse_of: :assignee
  has_many :merge_request_assignees, inverse_of: :assignee
  has_many :merge_request_reviewers, inverse_of: :reviewer
  has_many :assigned_issues, class_name: "Issue", through: :issue_assignees, source: :issue
  has_many :assigned_merge_requests, class_name: "MergeRequest", through: :merge_request_assignees, source: :merge_request
  has_many :created_custom_emoji, class_name: 'CustomEmoji', inverse_of: :creator

  has_many :bulk_imports

  has_many :custom_attributes, class_name: 'UserCustomAttribute'
  has_many :callouts, class_name: 'UserCallout'
  has_many :term_agreements
  belongs_to :accepted_term, class_name: 'ApplicationSetting::Term'

  has_many :metrics_users_starred_dashboards, class_name: 'Metrics::UsersStarredDashboard', inverse_of: :user

  has_one :status, class_name: 'UserStatus'
  has_one :user_preference
  has_one :user_detail
  has_one :user_highest_role
  has_one :user_canonical_email
  has_one :credit_card_validation, class_name: '::Users::CreditCardValidation'
  has_one :atlassian_identity, class_name: 'Atlassian::Identity'

  has_many :reviews, foreign_key: :author_id, inverse_of: :author

  has_many :in_product_marketing_emails, class_name: '::Users::InProductMarketingEmail'

  #
  # Validations
  #
  # Note: devise :validatable above adds validations for :email and :password
  validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 255 }
  validates :first_name, length: { maximum: 127 }
  validates :last_name, length: { maximum: 127 }
  validates :email, confirmation: true
  validates :notification_email, presence: true
  validates :notification_email, devise_email: true, if: ->(user) { user.notification_email != user.email }
  validates :public_email, presence: true, uniqueness: true, devise_email: true, allow_blank: true
  validates :commit_email, devise_email: true, allow_nil: true, if: ->(user) { user.commit_email != user.email }
  validates :projects_limit,
    presence: true,
    numericality: { greater_than_or_equal_to: 0, less_than_or_equal_to: Gitlab::Database::MAX_INT_VALUE }
  validates :username, presence: true

  validates :namespace, presence: true
  validate :namespace_move_dir_allowed, if: :username_changed?

  validate :unique_email, if: :email_changed?
  validate :owns_notification_email, if: :notification_email_changed?
  validate :owns_public_email, if: :public_email_changed?
  validate :owns_commit_email, if: :commit_email_changed?
  validate :signup_domain_valid?, on: :create, if: ->(user) { !user.created_by_id }
  validate :check_email_restrictions, on: :create, if: ->(user) { !user.created_by_id }

  validates :theme_id, allow_nil: true, inclusion: { in: Gitlab::Themes.valid_ids,
    message: _("%{placeholder} is not a valid theme") % { placeholder: '%{value}' } }

  validates :color_scheme_id, allow_nil: true, inclusion: { in: Gitlab::ColorSchemes.valid_ids,
    message: _("%{placeholder} is not a valid color scheme") % { placeholder: '%{value}' } }

  before_validation :sanitize_attrs
  before_validation :set_notification_email, if: :new_record?
  before_validation :set_public_email, if: :public_email_changed?
  before_validation :set_commit_email, if: :commit_email_changed?
  before_save :default_private_profile_to_false
  before_save :set_public_email, if: :public_email_changed? # in case validation is skipped
  before_save :set_commit_email, if: :commit_email_changed? # in case validation is skipped
  before_save :ensure_incoming_email_token
  before_save :ensure_user_rights_and_limits, if: ->(user) { user.new_record? || user.external_changed? }
  before_save :skip_reconfirmation!, if: ->(user) { user.email_changed? && user.read_only_attribute?(:email) }
  before_save :check_for_verified_email, if: ->(user) { user.email_changed? && !user.new_record? }
  before_validation :ensure_namespace_correct
  before_save :ensure_namespace_correct # in case validation is skipped
  after_validation :set_username_errors
  after_update :username_changed_hook, if: :saved_change_to_username?
  after_destroy :post_destroy_hook
  after_destroy :remove_key_cache
  after_commit(on: :update) do
    if previous_changes.key?('email')
      # Grab previous_email here since previous_changes changes after
      # #update_emails_with_primary_email and #update_notification_email are called
      previous_confirmed_at = previous_changes.key?('confirmed_at') ? previous_changes['confirmed_at'][0] : confirmed_at
      previous_email = previous_changes[:email][0]

      update_emails_with_primary_email(previous_confirmed_at, previous_email)
      update_invalid_gpg_signatures

      if previous_email == notification_email
        self.notification_email = email
        save
      end
    end
  end

  after_initialize :set_projects_limit

  # User's Layout preference
  enum layout: { fixed: 0, fluid: 1 }

  # User's Dashboard preference
  enum dashboard: { projects: 0, stars: 1, project_activity: 2, starred_project_activity: 3, groups: 4, todos: 5, issues: 6, merge_requests: 7, operations: 8, followed_user_activity: 9 }

  # User's Project preference
  enum project_view: { readme: 0, activity: 1, files: 2 }

  # User's role
  enum role: { software_developer: 0, development_team_lead: 1, devops_engineer: 2, systems_administrator: 3, security_analyst: 4, data_analyst: 5, product_manager: 6, product_designer: 7, other: 8 }, _suffix: true

  delegate  :notes_filter_for,
            :set_notes_filter,
            :first_day_of_week, :first_day_of_week=,
            :timezone, :timezone=,
            :time_display_relative, :time_display_relative=,
            :time_format_in_24h, :time_format_in_24h=,
            :show_whitespace_in_diffs, :show_whitespace_in_diffs=,
            :view_diffs_file_by_file, :view_diffs_file_by_file=,
            :tab_width, :tab_width=,
            :sourcegraph_enabled, :sourcegraph_enabled=,
            :gitpod_enabled, :gitpod_enabled=,
            :setup_for_company, :setup_for_company=,
            :render_whitespace_in_code, :render_whitespace_in_code=,
            :experience_level, :experience_level=,
            :markdown_surround_selection, :markdown_surround_selection=,
            to: :user_preference

  delegate :path, to: :namespace, allow_nil: true, prefix: true
  delegate :job_title, :job_title=, to: :user_detail, allow_nil: true
  delegate :other_role, :other_role=, to: :user_detail, allow_nil: true
  delegate :bio, :bio=, :bio_html, to: :user_detail, allow_nil: true
  delegate :webauthn_xid, :webauthn_xid=, to: :user_detail, allow_nil: true

  accepts_nested_attributes_for :user_preference, update_only: true
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :user_detail, update_only: true
  accepts_nested_attributes_for :credit_card_validation, update_only: true

  state_machine :state, initial: :active do
    event :block do
      transition active: :blocked
      transition deactivated: :blocked
      transition ldap_blocked: :blocked
      transition blocked_pending_approval: :blocked
      transition banned: :blocked
    end

    event :ldap_block do
      transition active: :ldap_blocked
      transition deactivated: :ldap_blocked
    end

    event :activate do
      transition deactivated: :active
      transition blocked: :active
      transition ldap_blocked: :active
      transition blocked_pending_approval: :active
      transition banned: :active
    end

    event :block_pending_approval do
      transition active: :blocked_pending_approval
    end

    event :ban do
      transition active: :banned
    end

    event :deactivate do
      # Any additional changes to this event should be also
      # reflected in app/workers/users/deactivate_dormant_users_worker.rb
      transition active: :deactivated
    end

    state :blocked, :ldap_blocked, :blocked_pending_approval, :banned do
      def blocked?
        true
      end
    end

    before_transition do
      !Gitlab::Database.read_only?
    end

    # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
    # Ideally we should not call a service object here but user.block
    # is also bcalled by Users::MigrateToGhostUserService which references
    # this state transition object in order to do a rollback.
    # For this reason the tradeoff is to disable this cop.
    after_transition any => :blocked do |user|
      Ci::DropPipelineService.new.execute_async_for_all(user.pipelines, :user_blocked, user)
      Ci::DisableUserPipelineSchedulesService.new.execute(user)
    end
    # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  end

  # Scopes
  scope :admins, -> { where(admin: true) }
  scope :instance_access_request_approvers_to_be_notified, -> { admins.active.order_recent_sign_in.limit(INSTANCE_ACCESS_REQUEST_APPROVERS_TO_BE_NOTIFIED_LIMIT) }
  scope :blocked, -> { with_states(:blocked, :ldap_blocked) }
  scope :blocked_pending_approval, -> { with_states(:blocked_pending_approval) }
  scope :banned, -> { with_states(:banned) }
  scope :external, -> { where(external: true) }
  scope :non_external, -> { where(external: false) }
  scope :confirmed, -> { where.not(confirmed_at: nil) }
  scope :active, -> { with_state(:active).non_internal }
  scope :active_without_ghosts, -> { with_state(:active).without_ghosts }
  scope :deactivated, -> { with_state(:deactivated).non_internal }
  scope :without_projects, -> { joins('LEFT JOIN project_authorizations ON users.id = project_authorizations.user_id').where(project_authorizations: { user_id: nil }) }
  scope :by_username, -> (usernames) { iwhere(username: Array(usernames).map(&:to_s)) }
  scope :by_name, -> (names) { iwhere(name: Array(names)) }
  scope :by_user_email, -> (emails) { iwhere(email: Array(emails)) }
  scope :by_emails, -> (emails) { joins(:emails).where(emails: { email: Array(emails).map(&:downcase) }) }
  scope :for_todos, -> (todos) { where(id: todos.select(:user_id).distinct) }
  scope :with_emails, -> { preload(:emails) }
  scope :with_dashboard, -> (dashboard) { where(dashboard: dashboard) }
  scope :with_public_profile, -> { where(private_profile: false) }
  scope :with_expiring_and_not_notified_personal_access_tokens, ->(at) do
    where('EXISTS (?)',
          ::PersonalAccessToken
            .where('personal_access_tokens.user_id = users.id')
            .without_impersonation
            .expiring_and_not_notified(at).select(1))
  end
  scope :with_personal_access_tokens_expired_today, -> do
    where('EXISTS (?)',
          ::PersonalAccessToken
            .select(1)
            .where('personal_access_tokens.user_id = users.id')
            .without_impersonation
            .expired_today_and_not_notified)
  end
  scope :with_ssh_key_expired_today, -> do
    includes(:expired_today_and_unnotified_keys)
      .where('EXISTS (?)',
        ::Key
        .select(1)
        .where('keys.user_id = users.id')
        .expired_today_and_not_notified)
  end
  scope :with_ssh_key_expiring_soon, -> do
    includes(:expiring_soon_and_unnotified_keys)
      .where('EXISTS (?)',
         ::Key
         .select(1)
         .where('keys.user_id = users.id')
         .expiring_soon_and_not_notified)
  end
  scope :order_recent_sign_in, -> { reorder(Gitlab::Database.nulls_last_order('current_sign_in_at', 'DESC')) }
  scope :order_oldest_sign_in, -> { reorder(Gitlab::Database.nulls_last_order('current_sign_in_at', 'ASC')) }
  scope :order_recent_last_activity, -> { reorder(Gitlab::Database.nulls_last_order('last_activity_on', 'DESC')) }
  scope :order_oldest_last_activity, -> { reorder(Gitlab::Database.nulls_first_order('last_activity_on', 'ASC')) }
  scope :by_id_and_login, ->(id, login) { where(id: id).where('username = LOWER(:login) OR email = LOWER(:login)', login: login) }
  scope :dormant, -> { active.where('last_activity_on <= ?', MINIMUM_INACTIVE_DAYS.day.ago.to_date) }
  scope :with_no_activity, -> { active.where(last_activity_on: nil) }

  def preferred_language
    read_attribute('preferred_language') ||
      I18n.default_locale.to_s.presence_in(Gitlab::I18n.available_locales) ||
      'en'
  end

  def active_for_authentication?
    super && can?(:log_in)
  end

  # The messages for these keys are defined in `devise.en.yml`
  def inactive_message
    if blocked_pending_approval?
      :blocked_pending_approval
    elsif blocked?
      :blocked
    elsif internal?
      :forbidden
    else
      super
    end
  end

  def self.with_visible_profile(user)
    return with_public_profile if user.nil?

    if user.admin?
      all
    else
      with_public_profile.or(where(id: user.id))
    end
  end

  # Limits the users to those that have TODOs, optionally in the given state.
  #
  # user - The user to get the todos for.
  #
  # with_todos - If we should limit the result set to users that are the
  #              authors of todos.
  #
  # todo_state - An optional state to require the todos to be in.
  def self.limit_to_todo_authors(user: nil, with_todos: false, todo_state: nil)
    if user && with_todos
      where(id: Todo.where(user: user, state: todo_state).select(:author_id))
    else
      all
    end
  end

  # Returns a relation that optionally includes the given user.
  #
  # user_id - The ID of the user to include.
  def self.union_with_user(user_id = nil)
    if user_id.present?
      # We use "unscoped" here so that any inner conditions are not repeated for
      # the outer query, which would be redundant.
      User.unscoped.from_union([all, User.unscoped.where(id: user_id)])
    else
      all
    end
  end

  def self.with_two_factor
    with_u2f_registrations = <<-SQL
      EXISTS (
        SELECT *
        FROM u2f_registrations AS u2f
        WHERE u2f.user_id = users.id
      ) OR users.otp_required_for_login = ?
      OR
      EXISTS (
        SELECT *
        FROM webauthn_registrations AS webauthn
        WHERE webauthn.user_id = users.id
      )
    SQL

    where(with_u2f_registrations, true)
  end

  def self.without_two_factor
    joins("LEFT OUTER JOIN u2f_registrations AS u2f ON u2f.user_id = users.id
           LEFT OUTER JOIN webauthn_registrations AS webauthn ON webauthn.user_id = users.id")
      .where("u2f.id IS NULL AND webauthn.id IS NULL AND users.otp_required_for_login = ?", false)
  end

  #
  # Class methods
  #
  class << self
    # Devise method overridden to allow support for dynamic password lengths
    def password_length
      Gitlab::CurrentSettings.minimum_password_length..Devise.password_length.max
    end

    # Generate a random password that conforms to the current password length settings
    def random_password
      Devise.friendly_token(password_length.max)
    end

    # Devise method overridden to allow sign in with email or username
    def find_for_database_authentication(warden_conditions)
      conditions = warden_conditions.dup
      if login = conditions.delete(:login)
        where(conditions).find_by("lower(username) = :value OR lower(email) = :value", value: login.downcase.strip)
      else
        find_by(conditions)
      end
    end

    def sort_by_attribute(method)
      order_method = method || 'id_desc'

      case order_method.to_s
      when 'recent_sign_in' then order_recent_sign_in
      when 'oldest_sign_in' then order_oldest_sign_in
      when 'last_activity_on_desc' then order_recent_last_activity
      when 'last_activity_on_asc' then order_oldest_last_activity
      else
        order_by(order_method)
      end
    end

    def for_github_id(id)
      joins(:identities).merge(Identity.with_extern_uid(:github, id))
    end

    # Find a User by their primary email or any associated secondary email
    def find_by_any_email(email, confirmed: false)
      return unless email

      by_any_email(email, confirmed: confirmed).take
    end

    # Returns a relation containing all the users for the given email addresses
    #
    # @param emails [String, Array<String>] email addresses to check
    # @param confirmed [Boolean] Only return users where the email is confirmed
    def by_any_email(emails, confirmed: false)
      from_users = by_user_email(emails)
      from_users = from_users.confirmed if confirmed

      from_emails = by_emails(emails)
      from_emails = from_emails.confirmed.merge(Email.confirmed) if confirmed

      items = [from_users, from_emails]

      user_ids = Gitlab::PrivateCommitEmail.user_ids_for_emails(Array(emails).map(&:downcase))
      items << where(id: user_ids) if user_ids.present?

      from_union(items)
    end

    def find_by_private_commit_email(email)
      user_id = Gitlab::PrivateCommitEmail.user_id_for_email(email)

      find_by(id: user_id)
    end

    def filter_items(filter_name)
      case filter_name
      when 'admins'
        admins
      when 'blocked'
        blocked
      when 'blocked_pending_approval'
        blocked_pending_approval
      when 'banned'
        banned
      when 'two_factor_disabled'
        without_two_factor
      when 'two_factor_enabled'
        with_two_factor
      when 'wop'
        without_projects
      when 'external'
        external
      when 'deactivated'
        deactivated
      else
        active_without_ghosts
      end
    end

    # Searches users matching the given query.
    #
    # This method uses ILIKE on PostgreSQL.
    #
    # query - The search query as a String
    #
    # Returns an ActiveRecord::Relation.
    def search(query, **options)
      query = query&.delete_prefix('@')
      return none if query.blank?

      query = query.downcase

      order = <<~SQL
        CASE
          WHEN users.name = :query THEN 0
          WHEN users.username = :query THEN 1
          WHEN users.email = :query THEN 2
          ELSE 3
        END
      SQL

      sanitized_order_sql = Arel.sql(sanitize_sql_array([order, query: query]))

      search_with_secondary_emails(query).reorder(sanitized_order_sql, :name)
    end

    # Limits the result set to users _not_ in the given query/list of IDs.
    #
    # users - The list of users to ignore. This can be an
    #         `ActiveRecord::Relation`, or an Array.
    def where_not_in(users = nil)
      users ? where.not(id: users) : all
    end

    def reorder_by_name
      reorder(:name)
    end

    def search_without_secondary_emails(query)
      return none if query.blank?

      query = query.downcase

      where(
        fuzzy_arel_match(:name, query, lower_exact_match: true)
          .or(fuzzy_arel_match(:username, query, lower_exact_match: true))
          .or(arel_table[:email].eq(query))
      )
    end

    # searches user by given pattern
    # it compares name, email, username fields and user's secondary emails with given pattern
    # This method uses ILIKE on PostgreSQL.

    def search_with_secondary_emails(query)
      return none if query.blank?

      query = query.downcase

      email_table = Email.arel_table
      matched_by_email_user_id = email_table
        .project(email_table[:user_id])
        .where(email_table[:email].eq(query))
        .take(1) # at most 1 record as there is a unique constraint

      where(
        fuzzy_arel_match(:name, query)
          .or(fuzzy_arel_match(:username, query))
          .or(arel_table[:email].eq(query))
          .or(arel_table[:id].eq(matched_by_email_user_id))
      )
    end

    def by_login(login)
      return unless login

      if login.include?('@')
        unscoped.iwhere(email: login).take
      else
        unscoped.iwhere(username: login).take
      end
    end

    def find_by_username(username)
      by_username(username).take
    end

    def find_by_username!(username)
      by_username(username).take!
    end

    # Returns a user for the given SSH key.
    def find_by_ssh_key_id(key_id)
      find_by('EXISTS (?)', Key.select(1).where('keys.user_id = users.id').where(id: key_id))
    end

    def find_by_full_path(path, follow_redirects: false)
      namespace = Namespace.for_user.find_by_full_path(path, follow_redirects: follow_redirects)
      namespace&.owner
    end

    def reference_prefix
      '@'
    end

    # Pattern used to extract `@user` user references from text
    def reference_pattern
      @reference_pattern ||=
        %r{
          (?<!\w)
          #{Regexp.escape(reference_prefix)}
          (?<user>#{Gitlab::PathRegex::FULL_NAMESPACE_FORMAT_REGEX})
        }x
    end

    # Return (create if necessary) the ghost user. The ghost user
    # owns records previously belonging to deleted users.
    def ghost
      email = 'ghost%s@example.com'
      unique_internal(where(user_type: :ghost), 'ghost', email) do |u|
        u.bio = _('This is a "Ghost User", created to hold all issues authored by users that have since been deleted. This user cannot be removed.')
        u.name = 'Ghost User'
      end
    end

    def alert_bot
      email_pattern = "alert%s@#{Settings.gitlab.host}"

      unique_internal(where(user_type: :alert_bot), 'alert-bot', email_pattern) do |u|
        u.bio = 'The GitLab alert bot'
        u.name = 'GitLab Alert Bot'
        u.avatar = bot_avatar(image: 'alert-bot.png')
      end
    end

    def migration_bot
      email_pattern = "noreply+gitlab-migration-bot%s@#{Settings.gitlab.host}"

      unique_internal(where(user_type: :migration_bot), 'migration-bot', email_pattern) do |u|
        u.bio = 'The GitLab migration bot'
        u.name = 'GitLab Migration Bot'
        u.confirmed_at = Time.zone.now
      end
    end

    def security_bot
      email_pattern = "security-bot%s@#{Settings.gitlab.host}"

      unique_internal(where(user_type: :security_bot), 'GitLab-Security-Bot', email_pattern) do |u|
        u.bio = 'System bot that monitors detected vulnerabilities for solutions and creates merge requests with the fixes.'
        u.name = 'GitLab Security Bot'
        u.website_url = Gitlab::Routing.url_helpers.help_page_url('user/application_security/security_bot/index.md')
        u.avatar = bot_avatar(image: 'security-bot.png')
        u.confirmed_at = Time.zone.now
      end
    end

    def support_bot
      email_pattern = "support%s@#{Settings.gitlab.host}"

      unique_internal(where(user_type: :support_bot), 'support-bot', email_pattern) do |u|
        u.bio = 'The GitLab support bot used for Service Desk'
        u.name = 'GitLab Support Bot'
        u.avatar = bot_avatar(image: 'support-bot.png')
        u.confirmed_at = Time.zone.now
      end
    end

    # Return true if there is only single non-internal user in the deployment,
    # ghost user is ignored.
    def single_user?
      User.non_internal.limit(2).count == 1
    end

    def single_user
      User.non_internal.first if single_user?
    end
  end

  #
  # Instance methods
  #

  def full_path
    username
  end

  def to_param
    username
  end

  def to_reference(_from = nil, target_project: nil, full: nil)
    "#{self.class.reference_prefix}#{username}"
  end

  def skip_confirmation=(bool)
    skip_confirmation! if bool
  end

  def skip_reconfirmation=(bool)
    skip_reconfirmation! if bool
  end

  def generate_reset_token
    @reset_token, enc = Devise.token_generator.generate(self.class, :reset_password_token)

    self.reset_password_token   = enc
    self.reset_password_sent_at = Time.current.utc

    @reset_token
  end

  def recently_sent_password_reset?
    reset_password_sent_at.present? && reset_password_sent_at >= 1.minute.ago
  end

  def remember_me!
    super if ::Gitlab::Database.read_write?
  end

  def forget_me!
    super if ::Gitlab::Database.read_write?
  end

  def disable_two_factor!
    transaction do
      update(
        otp_required_for_login:      false,
        encrypted_otp_secret:        nil,
        encrypted_otp_secret_iv:     nil,
        encrypted_otp_secret_salt:   nil,
        otp_grace_period_started_at: nil,
        otp_backup_codes:            nil
      )
      self.u2f_registrations.destroy_all # rubocop: disable Cop/DestroyAll
      self.webauthn_registrations.destroy_all # rubocop: disable Cop/DestroyAll
    end
  end

  def two_factor_enabled?
    two_factor_otp_enabled? || two_factor_webauthn_u2f_enabled?
  end

  def two_factor_otp_enabled?
    otp_required_for_login? ||
    forti_authenticator_enabled?(self) ||
    forti_token_cloud_enabled?(self)
  end

  def two_factor_u2f_enabled?
    if u2f_registrations.loaded?
      u2f_registrations.any?
    else
      u2f_registrations.exists?
    end
  end

  def two_factor_webauthn_u2f_enabled?
    two_factor_u2f_enabled? || two_factor_webauthn_enabled?
  end

  def two_factor_webauthn_enabled?
    return false unless Feature.enabled?(:webauthn)

    (webauthn_registrations.loaded? && webauthn_registrations.any?) || (!webauthn_registrations.loaded? && webauthn_registrations.exists?)
  end

  def namespace_move_dir_allowed
    if namespace&.any_project_has_container_registry_tags?
      errors.add(:username, _('cannot be changed if a personal project has container registry tags.'))
    end
  end

  # will_save_change_to_attribute? is used by Devise to check if it is necessary
  # to clear any existing reset_password_tokens before updating an authentication_key
  # and login in our case is a virtual attribute to allow login by username or email.
  def will_save_change_to_login?
    will_save_change_to_username? || will_save_change_to_email?
  end

  def unique_email
    if !emails.exists?(email: email) && Email.exists?(email: email)
      errors.add(:email, _('has already been taken'))
    end
  end

  def owns_notification_email
    return if new_record? || temp_oauth_email?

    errors.add(:notification_email, _("is not an email you own")) unless verified_emails.include?(notification_email)
  end

  def owns_public_email
    return if public_email.blank?

    errors.add(:public_email, _("is not an email you own")) unless verified_emails.include?(public_email)
  end

  def owns_commit_email
    return if read_attribute(:commit_email).blank?

    errors.add(:commit_email, _("is not an email you own")) unless verified_emails.include?(commit_email)
  end

  # Define commit_email-related attribute methods explicitly instead of relying
  # on ActiveRecord to provide them. Some of the specs use the current state of
  # the model code but an older database schema, so we need to guard against the
  # possibility of the commit_email column not existing.

  def commit_email
    return self.email unless has_attribute?(:commit_email)

    if super == Gitlab::PrivateCommitEmail::TOKEN
      return private_commit_email
    end

    # The commit email is the same as the primary email if undefined
    super.presence || self.email
  end

  def commit_email=(email)
    super if has_attribute?(:commit_email)
  end

  def commit_email_changed?
    has_attribute?(:commit_email) && super
  end

  def private_commit_email
    Gitlab::PrivateCommitEmail.for_user(self)
  end

  # see if the new email is already a verified secondary email
  def check_for_verified_email
    skip_reconfirmation! if emails.confirmed.where(email: self.email).any?
  end

  # Note: the use of the Emails services will cause `saves` on the user object, running
  # through the callbacks again and can have side effects, such as the `previous_changes`
  # hash and `_was` variables getting munged.
  # By using an `after_commit` instead of `after_update`, we avoid the recursive callback
  # scenario, though it then requires us to use the `previous_changes` hash
  # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  def update_emails_with_primary_email(previous_confirmed_at, previous_email)
    primary_email_record = emails.find_by(email: email)
    Emails::DestroyService.new(self, user: self).execute(primary_email_record) if primary_email_record

    # the original primary email was confirmed, and we want that to carry over.  We don't
    # have access to the original confirmation values at this point, so just set confirmed_at
    Emails::CreateService.new(self, user: self, email: previous_email).execute(confirmed_at: previous_confirmed_at)

    update_columns(confirmed_at: primary_email_record.confirmed_at) if primary_email_record&.confirmed_at
  end
  # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass

  def update_invalid_gpg_signatures
    gpg_keys.each(&:update_invalid_gpg_signatures)
  end

  # Returns the groups a user has access to, either through a membership or a project authorization
  def authorized_groups
    Group.unscoped do
      authorized_groups_with_shared_membership
    end
  end

  # Returns the groups a user is a member of, either directly or through a parent group
  def membership_groups
    Gitlab::ObjectHierarchy.new(groups).base_and_descendants
  end

  # Returns a relation of groups the user has access to, including their parent
  # and child groups (recursively).
  def all_expanded_groups
    Gitlab::ObjectHierarchy.new(groups).all_objects
  end

  def expanded_groups_requiring_two_factor_authentication
    all_expanded_groups.where(require_two_factor_authentication: true)
  end

  def source_groups_of_two_factor_authentication_requirement
    Gitlab::ObjectHierarchy.new(expanded_groups_requiring_two_factor_authentication)
      .all_objects
      .where(id: groups)
  end

  # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  def refresh_authorized_projects(source: nil)
    Users::RefreshAuthorizedProjectsService.new(self, source: source).execute
  end
  # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass

  def remove_project_authorizations(project_ids)
    project_authorizations.where(project_id: project_ids).delete_all
  end

  def authorized_projects(min_access_level = nil)
    # We're overriding an association, so explicitly call super with no
    # arguments or it would be passed as `force_reload` to the association
    projects = super()

    if min_access_level
      projects = projects
        .where('project_authorizations.access_level >= ?', min_access_level)
    end

    projects
  end

  def authorized_project?(project, min_access_level = nil)
    authorized_projects(min_access_level).exists?({ id: project.id })
  end

  # Typically used in conjunction with projects table to get projects
  # a user has been given access to.
  # The param `related_project_column` is the column to compare to the
  # project_authorizations. By default is projects.id
  #
  # Example use:
  # `Project.where('EXISTS(?)', user.authorizations_for_projects)`
  def authorizations_for_projects(min_access_level: nil, related_project_column: 'projects.id')
    authorizations = project_authorizations
                      .select(1)
                      .where("project_authorizations.project_id = #{related_project_column}")

    return authorizations unless min_access_level.present?

    authorizations.where('project_authorizations.access_level >= ?', min_access_level)
  end

  # Returns the projects this user has reporter (or greater) access to, limited
  # to at most the given projects.
  #
  # This method is useful when you have a list of projects and want to
  # efficiently check to which of these projects the user has at least reporter
  # access.
  def projects_with_reporter_access_limited_to(projects)
    authorized_projects(Gitlab::Access::REPORTER).where(id: projects)
  end

  def owned_projects
    @owned_projects ||= Project.from_union(
      [
        Project.where(namespace: namespace),
        Project.joins(:project_authorizations)
          .where.not('projects.namespace_id' => namespace.id)
          .where(project_authorizations: { user_id: id, access_level: Gitlab::Access::OWNER })
      ],
      remove_duplicates: false
    )
  end

  # Returns projects which user can admin issues on (for example to move an issue to that project).
  #
  # This logic is duplicated from `Ability#project_abilities` into a SQL form.
  def projects_where_can_admin_issues
    authorized_projects(Gitlab::Access::REPORTER).non_archived.with_issues_enabled
  end

  # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  def require_ssh_key?
    count = Users::KeysCountService.new(self).count

    count == 0 && Gitlab::ProtocolAccess.allowed?('ssh')
  end
  # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass

  def require_password_creation_for_web?
    allow_password_authentication_for_web? && password_automatically_set?
  end

  def require_password_creation_for_git?
    allow_password_authentication_for_git? && password_automatically_set?
  end

  def require_personal_access_token_creation_for_git_auth?
    return false if allow_password_authentication_for_git? || password_based_omniauth_user?

    PersonalAccessTokensFinder.new(user: self, impersonation: false, state: 'active').execute.none?
  end

  def require_extra_setup_for_git_auth?
    require_password_creation_for_git? || require_personal_access_token_creation_for_git_auth?
  end

  def allow_password_authentication?
    allow_password_authentication_for_web? || allow_password_authentication_for_git?
  end

  def allow_password_authentication_for_web?
    Gitlab::CurrentSettings.password_authentication_enabled_for_web? && !ldap_user?
  end

  def allow_password_authentication_for_git?
    Gitlab::CurrentSettings.password_authentication_enabled_for_git? && !password_based_omniauth_user?
  end

  # method overriden in EE
  def password_based_login_forbidden?
    false
  end

  def can_change_username?
    gitlab_config.username_changing_enabled
  end

  def can_create_project?
    projects_limit_left > 0
  end

  def can_create_group?
    can?(:create_group)
  end

  def can_select_namespace?
    several_namespaces? || admin
  end

  def can?(action, subject = :global)
    Ability.allowed?(self, action, subject)
  end

  def confirm_deletion_with_password?
    !password_automatically_set? && allow_password_authentication?
  end

  def first_name
    read_attribute(:first_name) || begin
      name.split(' ').first unless name.blank?
    end
  end

  def last_name
    read_attribute(:last_name) || begin
      name.split(' ').drop(1).join(' ') unless name.blank?
    end
  end

  def projects_limit_left
    projects_limit - personal_projects_count
  end

  # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  def recent_push(project = nil)
    service = Users::LastPushEventService.new(self)

    if project
      service.last_event_for_project(project)
    else
      service.last_event_for_user
    end
  end
  # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass

  def several_namespaces?
    union_sql = ::Gitlab::SQL::Union.new(
      [owned_groups,
       maintainers_groups,
       groups_with_developer_maintainer_project_access]).to_sql

    ::Group.from("(#{union_sql}) #{::Group.table_name}").any?
  end

  def namespace_id
    namespace.try :id
  end

  def name_with_username
    "#{name} (#{username})"
  end

  def already_forked?(project)
    !!fork_of(project)
  end

  def fork_of(project)
    namespace.find_fork_of(project)
  end

  def password_based_omniauth_user?
    ldap_user? || crowd_user?
  end

  def crowd_user?
    if identities.loaded?
      identities.find { |identity| identity.provider == 'crowd' && identity.extern_uid.present? }
    else
      identities.with_any_extern_uid('crowd').exists?
    end
  end

  def ldap_user?
    if identities.loaded?
      identities.find { |identity| Gitlab::Auth::OAuth::Provider.ldap_provider?(identity.provider) && !identity.extern_uid.nil? }
    else
      identities.exists?(["provider LIKE ? AND extern_uid IS NOT NULL", "ldap%"])
    end
  end

  def ldap_identity
    @ldap_identity ||= identities.find_by(["provider LIKE ?", "ldap%"])
  end

  def matches_identity?(provider, extern_uid)
    identities.where(provider: provider, extern_uid: extern_uid).exists?
  end

  def project_deploy_keys
    @project_deploy_keys ||= DeployKey.in_projects(authorized_projects.select(:id)).distinct(:id)
  end

  def highest_role
    user_highest_role&.highest_access_level || Gitlab::Access::NO_ACCESS
  end

  def credit_card_validated_at
    credit_card_validation&.credit_card_validated_at
  end

  def accessible_deploy_keys
    DeployKey.from_union([
      DeployKey.where(id: project_deploy_keys.select(:deploy_key_id)),
      DeployKey.are_public
    ])
  end

  def created_by
    User.find_by(id: created_by_id) if created_by_id
  end

  def sanitize_attrs
    %i[skype linkedin twitter].each do |attr|
      value = self[attr]
      self[attr] = Sanitize.clean(value) if value.present?
    end
  end

  def set_notification_email
    if notification_email.blank? || all_emails.exclude?(notification_email)
      self.notification_email = email
    end
  end

  def set_public_email
    if public_email.blank? || all_emails.exclude?(public_email)
      self.public_email = ''
    end
  end

  def set_commit_email
    if commit_email.blank? || verified_emails.exclude?(commit_email)
      self.commit_email = nil
    end
  end

  def update_secondary_emails!
    set_notification_email
    set_public_email
    set_commit_email
    save if notification_email_changed? || public_email_changed? || commit_email_changed?
  end

  def set_projects_limit
    # `User.select(:id)` raises
    # `ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError: missing attribute: projects_limit`
    # without this safeguard!
    return unless has_attribute?(:projects_limit) && projects_limit.nil?

    self.projects_limit = Gitlab::CurrentSettings.default_projects_limit
  end

  def requires_ldap_check?
    if !Gitlab.config.ldap.enabled
      false
    elsif ldap_user?
      !last_credential_check_at || (last_credential_check_at + ldap_sync_time) < Time.current
    else
      false
    end
  end

  def ldap_sync_time
    # This number resides in this method so it can be redefined in EE.
    1.hour
  end

  def try_obtain_ldap_lease
    # After obtaining this lease LDAP checks will be blocked for 600 seconds
    # (10 minutes) for this user.
    lease = Gitlab::ExclusiveLease.new("user_ldap_check:#{id}", timeout: 600)
    lease.try_obtain
  end

  def solo_owned_groups
    @solo_owned_groups ||= owned_groups.includes(:owners).select do |group|
      group.owners == [self]
    end
  end

  def with_defaults
    User.defaults.each do |k, v|
      public_send("#{k}=", v) # rubocop:disable GitlabSecurity/PublicSend
    end

    self
  end

  def can_leave_project?(project)
    project.namespace != namespace &&
      project.project_member(self)
  end

  def full_website_url
    return "http://#{website_url}" if website_url !~ %r{\Ahttps?://}

    website_url
  end

  def short_website_url
    website_url.sub(%r{\Ahttps?://}, '')
  end

  def all_ssh_keys
    keys.map(&:publishable_key)
  end

  def temp_oauth_email?
    email.start_with?('temp-email-for-oauth')
  end

  # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  def avatar_url(size: nil, scale: 2, **args)
    GravatarService.new.execute(email, size, scale, username: username)
  end
  # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass

  def primary_email_verified?
    confirmed? && !temp_oauth_email?
  end

  def accept_pending_invitations!
    pending_invitations.select do |member|
      member.accept_invite!(self)
    end
  end

  def pending_invitations
    Member.where(invite_email: verified_emails).invite
  end

  def all_emails(include_private_email: true)
    all_emails = []
    all_emails << email unless temp_oauth_email?
    all_emails << private_commit_email if include_private_email
    all_emails.concat(emails.map(&:email))
    all_emails
  end

  def verified_emails(include_private_email: true)
    verified_emails = []
    verified_emails << email if primary_email_verified?
    verified_emails << private_commit_email if include_private_email
    verified_emails.concat(emails.confirmed.pluck(:email))
    verified_emails
  end

  def public_verified_emails
    strong_memoize(:public_verified_emails) do
      emails = verified_emails(include_private_email: false)
      emails << email unless temp_oauth_email?
      emails.uniq
    end
  end

  def any_email?(check_email)
    downcased = check_email.downcase

    # handle the outdated private commit email case
    return true if persisted? &&
        id == Gitlab::PrivateCommitEmail.user_id_for_email(downcased)

    all_emails.include?(check_email.downcase)
  end

  def verified_email?(check_email)
    downcased = check_email.downcase

    # handle the outdated private commit email case
    return true if persisted? &&
        id == Gitlab::PrivateCommitEmail.user_id_for_email(downcased)

    verified_emails.include?(check_email.downcase)
  end

  def hook_attrs
    {
      id: id,
      name: name,
      username: username,
      avatar_url: avatar_url(only_path: false),
      email: email
    }
  end

  def ensure_namespace_correct
    if namespace
      namespace.path = username if username_changed?
      namespace.name = name if name_changed?
    else
      namespace = build_namespace(path: username, name: name)
      namespace.build_namespace_settings
    end
  end

  def set_username_errors
    namespace_path_errors = self.errors.delete(:"namespace.path")

    return unless namespace_path_errors&.any?

    if namespace_path_errors.include?('has already been taken') && !User.exists?(username: username)
      self.errors.add(:base, :username_exists_as_a_different_namespace)
    else
      namespace_path_errors.each do |msg|
        self.errors.add(:username, msg)
      end
    end
  end

  def username_changed_hook
    system_hook_service.execute_hooks_for(self, :rename)
  end

  def post_destroy_hook
    log_info("User \"#{name}\" (#{email})  was removed")

    system_hook_service.execute_hooks_for(self, :destroy)
  end

  # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  def remove_key_cache
    Users::KeysCountService.new(self).delete_cache
  end
  # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass

  def delete_async(deleted_by:, params: {})
    block if params[:hard_delete]
    DeleteUserWorker.perform_async(deleted_by.id, id, params.to_h)
  end

  # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  def notification_service
    NotificationService.new
  end
  # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass

  def log_info(message)
    Gitlab::AppLogger.info message
  end

  # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  def system_hook_service
    SystemHooksService.new
  end
  # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass

  def starred?(project)
    starred_projects.exists?(project.id)
  end

  def toggle_star(project)
    UsersStarProject.transaction do
      user_star_project = users_star_projects
          .where(project: project, user: self).lock(true).first

      if user_star_project
        user_star_project.destroy
      else
        UsersStarProject.create!(project: project, user: self)
      end
    end
  end

  def following?(user)
    self.followees.exists?(user.id)
  end

  def follow(user)
    return false if self.id == user.id

    begin
      followee = Users::UserFollowUser.create(follower_id: self.id, followee_id: user.id)
      self.followees.reset if followee.persisted?
    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique
      false
    end
  end

  def unfollow(user)
    if Users::UserFollowUser.where(follower_id: self.id, followee_id: user.id).delete_all > 0
      self.followees.reset
    else
      false
    end
  end

  def manageable_namespaces
    @manageable_namespaces ||= [namespace] + manageable_groups
  end

  def manageable_groups(include_groups_with_developer_maintainer_access: false)
    owned_and_maintainer_group_hierarchy = Gitlab::ObjectHierarchy.new(owned_or_maintainers_groups).base_and_descendants

    if include_groups_with_developer_maintainer_access
      union_sql = ::Gitlab::SQL::Union.new(
        [owned_and_maintainer_group_hierarchy,
         groups_with_developer_maintainer_project_access]).to_sql

      ::Group.from("(#{union_sql}) #{::Group.table_name}")
    else
      owned_and_maintainer_group_hierarchy
    end
  end

  def manageable_groups_with_routes(include_groups_with_developer_maintainer_access: false)
    manageable_groups(include_groups_with_developer_maintainer_access: include_groups_with_developer_maintainer_access)
      .eager_load(:route)
      .order('routes.path')
  end

  def namespaces
    namespace_ids = groups.pluck(:id)
    namespace_ids.push(namespace.id)
    Namespace.where(id: namespace_ids)
  end

  def oauth_authorized_tokens
    Doorkeeper::AccessToken.where(resource_owner_id: id, revoked_at: nil)
  end

  # Returns the projects a user contributed to in the last year.
  #
  # This method relies on a subquery as this performs significantly better
  # compared to a JOIN when coupled with, for example,
  # `Project.visible_to_user`. That is, consider the following code:
  #
  #     some_user.contributed_projects.visible_to_user(other_user)
  #
  # If this method were to use a JOIN the resulting query would take roughly 200
  # ms on a database with a similar size to GitLab.com's database. On the other
  # hand, using a subquery means we can get the exact same data in about 40 ms.
  def contributed_projects
    events = Event.select(:project_id)
      .contributions.where(author_id: self)
      .where("created_at > ?", Time.current - 1.year)
      .distinct
      .reorder(nil)

    Project.where(id: events)
  end

  def can_be_removed?
    !solo_owned_groups.present?
  end

  def can_remove_self?
    true
  end

  def ci_owned_runners
    @ci_owned_runners ||= begin
      project_runners = Ci::RunnerProject
        .where(project: authorized_projects(Gitlab::Access::MAINTAINER))
        .joins(:runner)
        .select('ci_runners.*')

      group_runners = Ci::RunnerNamespace
        .where(namespace_id: Gitlab::ObjectHierarchy.new(owned_groups).base_and_descendants.select(:id))
        .joins(:runner)
        .select('ci_runners.*')

      Ci::Runner.from_union([project_runners, group_runners])
    end
  end

  def notification_email_for(notification_group)
    # Return group-specific email address if present, otherwise return global notification email address
    notification_group&.notification_email_for(self) || notification_email
  end

  def notification_settings_for(source, inherit: false)
    if notification_settings.loaded?
      notification_settings.find do |notification|
        notification.source_type == source.class.base_class.name &&
          notification.source_id == source.id
      end
    else
      notification_settings.find_or_initialize_by(source: source) do |ns|
        next unless source.is_a?(Group) && inherit

        # If we're here it means we're trying to create a NotificationSetting for a group that doesn't have one.
        # Find the closest parent with a notification_setting that's not Global level, or that has an email set.
        ancestor_ns = source
                        .notification_settings(hierarchy_order: :asc)
                        .where(user: self)
                        .find_by('level != ? OR notification_email IS NOT NULL', NotificationSetting.levels[:global])
        # Use it to seed the settings
        ns.assign_attributes(ancestor_ns&.slice(*NotificationSetting.allowed_fields))
        ns.source = source
        ns.user = self
      end
    end
  end

  def notification_settings_for_groups(groups)
    ids = groups.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Relation) ? groups.select(:id) : groups.map(&:id)
    notification_settings.for_groups.where(source_id: ids)
  end

  # Lazy load global notification setting
  # Initializes User setting with Participating level if setting not persisted
  def global_notification_setting
    return @global_notification_setting if defined?(@global_notification_setting)

    @global_notification_setting = notification_settings.find_or_initialize_by(source: nil)
    @global_notification_setting.update(level: NotificationSetting.levels[DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_LEVEL]) unless @global_notification_setting.persisted?

    @global_notification_setting
  end

  def assigned_open_merge_requests_count(force: false)
    Rails.cache.fetch(['users', id, 'assigned_open_merge_requests_count'], force: force, expires_in: COUNT_CACHE_VALIDITY_PERIOD) do
      MergeRequestsFinder.new(self, assignee_id: self.id, state: 'opened', non_archived: true).execute.count
    end
  end

  def review_requested_open_merge_requests_count(force: false)
    Rails.cache.fetch(['users', id, 'review_requested_open_merge_requests_count'], force: force, expires_in: COUNT_CACHE_VALIDITY_PERIOD) do
      MergeRequestsFinder.new(self, reviewer_id: id, state: 'opened', non_archived: true).execute.count
    end
  end

  def assigned_open_issues_count(force: false)
    Rails.cache.fetch(['users', id, 'assigned_open_issues_count'], force: force, expires_in: COUNT_CACHE_VALIDITY_PERIOD) do
      IssuesFinder.new(self, assignee_id: self.id, state: 'opened', non_archived: true).execute.count
    end
  end

  def todos_done_count(force: false)
    Rails.cache.fetch(['users', id, 'todos_done_count'], force: force, expires_in: COUNT_CACHE_VALIDITY_PERIOD) do
      TodosFinder.new(self, state: :done).execute.count
    end
  end

  def todos_pending_count(force: false)
    Rails.cache.fetch(['users', id, 'todos_pending_count'], force: force, expires_in: COUNT_CACHE_VALIDITY_PERIOD) do
      TodosFinder.new(self, state: :pending).execute.count
    end
  end

  def personal_projects_count(force: false)
    Rails.cache.fetch(['users', id, 'personal_projects_count'], force: force, expires_in: 24.hours, raw: true) do
      personal_projects.count
    end.to_i
  end

  def update_todos_count_cache
    todos_done_count(force: true)
    todos_pending_count(force: true)
  end

  def invalidate_cache_counts
    invalidate_issue_cache_counts
    invalidate_merge_request_cache_counts
    invalidate_todos_cache_counts
    invalidate_personal_projects_count
  end

  def invalidate_issue_cache_counts
    Rails.cache.delete(['users', id, 'assigned_open_issues_count'])

    if Feature.enabled?(:assigned_open_issues_cache, default_enabled: :yaml)
      run_after_commit do
        Users::UpdateOpenIssueCountWorker.perform_async(self.id)
      end
    end
  end

  def invalidate_merge_request_cache_counts
    Rails.cache.delete(['users', id, 'assigned_open_merge_requests_count'])
    Rails.cache.delete(['users', id, 'review_requested_open_merge_requests_count'])
  end

  def invalidate_todos_cache_counts
    Rails.cache.delete(['users', id, 'todos_done_count'])
    Rails.cache.delete(['users', id, 'todos_pending_count'])
  end

  def invalidate_personal_projects_count
    Rails.cache.delete(['users', id, 'personal_projects_count'])
  end

  # This is copied from Devise::Models::Lockable#valid_for_authentication?, as our auth
  # flow means we don't call that automatically (and can't conveniently do so).
  #
  # See:
  #   <https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/blob/v4.7.1/lib/devise/models/lockable.rb#L104>
  #
  # rubocop: disable CodeReuse/ServiceClass
  def increment_failed_attempts!
    return if ::Gitlab::Database.read_only?

    increment_failed_attempts

    if attempts_exceeded?
      lock_access! unless access_locked?
    else
      Users::UpdateService.new(self, user: self).execute(validate: false)
    end
  end
  # rubocop: enable CodeReuse/ServiceClass

  def access_level
    if admin?
      :admin
    else
      :regular
    end
  end

  def access_level=(new_level)
    new_level = new_level.to_s
    return unless %w(admin regular).include?(new_level)

    self.admin = (new_level == 'admin')
  end

  def can_read_all_resources?
    can?(:read_all_resources)
  end

  def can_admin_all_resources?
    can?(:admin_all_resources)
  end

  def update_two_factor_requirement
    periods = expanded_groups_requiring_two_factor_authentication.pluck(:two_factor_grace_period)

    self.require_two_factor_authentication_from_group = periods.any?
    self.two_factor_grace_period = periods.min || User.column_defaults['two_factor_grace_period']

    save
  end

  # each existing user needs to have a `feed_token`.
  # we do this on read since migrating all existing users is not a feasible
  # solution.
  def feed_token
    Gitlab::CurrentSettings.disable_feed_token ? nil : ensure_feed_token!
  end

  # Each existing user needs to have a `static_object_token`.
  # We do this on read since migrating all existing users is not a feasible
  # solution.
  def static_object_token
    ensure_static_object_token!
  end

  def sync_attribute?(attribute)
    return true if ldap_user? && attribute == :email

    attributes = Gitlab.config.omniauth.sync_profile_attributes

    if attributes.is_a?(Array)
      attributes.include?(attribute.to_s)
    else
      attributes
    end
  end

  def read_only_attribute?(attribute)
    user_synced_attributes_metadata&.read_only?(attribute)
  end

  # override, from Devise
  def lock_access!
    Gitlab::AppLogger.info("Account Locked: username=#{username}")
    super
  end

  # Determine the maximum access level for a group of projects in bulk.
  #
  # Returns a Hash mapping project ID -> maximum access level.
  def max_member_access_for_project_ids(project_ids)
    max_member_access_for_resource_ids(Project, project_ids) do |project_ids|
      project_authorizations.where(project: project_ids)
                            .group(:project_id)
                            .maximum(:access_level)
    end
  end

  def max_member_access_for_project(project_id)
    max_member_access_for_project_ids([project_id])[project_id]
  end

  # Determine the maximum access level for a group of groups in bulk.
  #
  # Returns a Hash mapping project ID -> maximum access level.
  def max_member_access_for_group_ids(group_ids)
    max_member_access_for_resource_ids(Group, group_ids) do |group_ids|
      group_members.where(source: group_ids).group(:source_id).maximum(:access_level)
    end
  end

  def max_member_access_for_group(group_id)
    max_member_access_for_group_ids([group_id])[group_id]
  end

  def terms_accepted?
    return true if project_bot?

    accepted_term_id.present?
  end

  def required_terms_not_accepted?
    Gitlab::CurrentSettings.current_application_settings.enforce_terms? &&
      !terms_accepted?
  end

  def requires_usage_stats_consent?
    self.admin? && 7.days.ago > self.created_at && !has_current_license? && User.single_user? && !consented_usage_stats?
  end

  # Avoid migrations only building user preference object when needed.
  def user_preference
    super.presence || build_user_preference
  end

  def user_detail
    super.presence || build_user_detail
  end

  def pending_todo_for(target)
    todos.find_by(target: target, state: :pending)
  end

  def password_expired?
    !!(password_expires_at && password_expires_at < Time.current)
  end

  def can_be_deactivated?
    active? && no_recent_activity? && !internal?
  end

  def last_active_at
    last_activity = last_activity_on&.to_time&.in_time_zone
    last_sign_in = current_sign_in_at

    [last_activity, last_sign_in].compact.max
  end

  REQUIRES_ROLE_VALUE = 99

  def role_required?
    role_before_type_cast == REQUIRES_ROLE_VALUE
  end

  def set_role_required!
    update_column(:role, REQUIRES_ROLE_VALUE)
  end

  def dismissed_callout?(feature_name:, ignore_dismissal_earlier_than: nil)
    callout = callouts_by_feature_name[feature_name]

    return false unless callout
    return callout.dismissed_after?(ignore_dismissal_earlier_than) if ignore_dismissal_earlier_than

    true
  end

  # Load the current highest access by looking directly at the user's memberships
  def current_highest_access_level
    members.non_request.maximum(:access_level)
  end

  def confirmation_required_on_sign_in?
    !confirmed? && !confirmation_period_valid?
  end

  def impersonated?
    impersonator.present?
  end

  def created_recently?
    created_at > Devise.confirm_within.ago
  end

  def find_or_initialize_callout(feature_name)
    callouts.find_or_initialize_by(feature_name: ::UserCallout.feature_names[feature_name])
  end

  def can_trigger_notifications?
    confirmed? && !blocked? && !ghost?
  end

  protected

  # override, from Devise::Validatable
  def password_required?
    return false if internal? || project_bot?

    super
  end

  # override from Devise::Confirmable
  def confirmation_period_valid?
    return false if Feature.disabled?(:soft_email_confirmation)

    super
  end

  # This is copied from Devise::Models::TwoFactorAuthenticatable#consume_otp!
  #
  # An OTP cannot be used more than once in a given timestep
  # Storing timestep of last valid OTP is sufficient to satisfy this requirement
  #
  # See:
  #   <https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/blob/master/lib/devise_two_factor/models/two_factor_authenticatable.rb#L66>
  #
  def consume_otp!
    if self.consumed_timestep != current_otp_timestep
      self.consumed_timestep = current_otp_timestep
      return Gitlab::Database.read_only? ? true : save(validate: false)
    end

    false
  end

  private

  def callouts_by_feature_name
    @callouts_by_feature_name ||= callouts.index_by(&:feature_name)
  end

  def authorized_groups_without_shared_membership
    Group.from_union([
      groups,
      authorized_projects.joins(:namespace).select('namespaces.*')
    ])
  end

  def authorized_groups_with_shared_membership
    cte = Gitlab::SQL::CTE.new(:direct_groups, authorized_groups_without_shared_membership)
    cte_alias = cte.table.alias(Group.table_name)

    Group
      .with(cte.to_arel)
      .from_union([
        Group.from(cte_alias),
        Group.joins(:shared_with_group_links)
             .where(group_group_links: { shared_with_group_id: Group.from(cte_alias) })
    ])
  end

  def default_private_profile_to_false
    return unless private_profile_changed? && private_profile.nil?

    self.private_profile = false
  end

  def has_current_license?
    false
  end

  def consented_usage_stats?
    # Bypass the cache here because it's possible the admin enabled the
    # usage ping, and we don't want to annoy the user again if they
    # already set the value. This is a bit of hack, but the alternative
    # would be to put in a more complex cache invalidation step. Since
    # this call only gets called in the uncommon situation where the
    # user is an admin and the only user in the instance, this shouldn't
    # cause too much load on the system.
    ApplicationSetting.current_without_cache&.usage_stats_set_by_user_id == self.id
  end

  def ensure_user_rights_and_limits
    if external?
      self.can_create_group = false
      self.projects_limit   = 0
    else
      # Only revert these back to the default if they weren't specifically changed in this update.
      self.can_create_group = gitlab_config.default_can_create_group unless can_create_group_changed?
      self.projects_limit = Gitlab::CurrentSettings.default_projects_limit unless projects_limit_changed?
    end
  end

  def signup_domain_valid?
    valid = true
    error = nil

    if Gitlab::CurrentSettings.domain_denylist_enabled?
      blocked_domains = Gitlab::CurrentSettings.domain_denylist
      if domain_matches?(blocked_domains, email)
        error = 'is not from an allowed domain.'
        valid = false
      end
    end

    allowed_domains = Gitlab::CurrentSettings.domain_allowlist
    unless allowed_domains.blank?
      if domain_matches?(allowed_domains, email)
        valid = true
      else
        error = "domain is not authorized for sign-up"
        valid = false
      end
    end

    errors.add(:email, error) unless valid

    valid
  end

  def domain_matches?(email_domains, email)
    signup_domain = Mail::Address.new(email).domain
    email_domains.any? do |domain|
      escaped = Regexp.escape(domain).gsub('\*', '.*?')
      regexp = Regexp.new "^#{escaped}$", Regexp::IGNORECASE
      signup_domain =~ regexp
    end
  end

  def check_email_restrictions
    return unless Gitlab::CurrentSettings.email_restrictions_enabled?

    restrictions = Gitlab::CurrentSettings.email_restrictions
    return if restrictions.blank?

    if Gitlab::UntrustedRegexp.new(restrictions).match?(email)
      errors.add(:email, _('is not allowed. Try again with a different email address, or contact your GitLab admin.'))
    end
  end

  def groups_with_developer_maintainer_project_access
    project_creation_levels = [::Gitlab::Access::DEVELOPER_MAINTAINER_PROJECT_ACCESS]

    if ::Gitlab::CurrentSettings.default_project_creation == ::Gitlab::Access::DEVELOPER_MAINTAINER_PROJECT_ACCESS
      project_creation_levels << nil
    end

    developer_groups_hierarchy = ::Gitlab::ObjectHierarchy.new(developer_groups).base_and_descendants
    ::Group.where(id: developer_groups_hierarchy.select(:id),
                  project_creation_level: project_creation_levels)
  end

  def no_recent_activity?
    last_active_at.to_i <= MINIMUM_INACTIVE_DAYS.days.ago.to_i
  end

  def update_highest_role?
    return false unless persisted?

    (previous_changes.keys & %w(state user_type)).any?
  end

  def update_highest_role_attribute
    id
  end
end

User.prepend_mod_with('User')