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# GitLab permissions guide
There are multiple types of permissions across GitLab, and when implementing
anything that deals with permissions, all of them should be considered.
## Groups and Projects
### General permissions
Groups and projects can have the following visibility levels:
- public (`20`) - an entity is visible to everyone
- internal (`10`) - an entity is visible to logged in users
- private (`0`) - an entity is visible only to the approved members of the entity
By default, subgroups can **not** have higher visibility levels.
For example, if you create a new private group, it can not include a public subgroup.
The visibility level of a group can be changed only if all subgroups and
sub-projects have the same or lower visibility level. For example, a group can be set
to internal only if all subgroups and projects are internal or private.
CAUTION: **Warning:**
If you migrate an existing group to a lower visibility level, that action does not migrate subgroups
in the same way. This is a [known issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/22406).
Visibility levels can be found in the `Gitlab::VisibilityLevel` module.
### Feature specific permissions
Additionally, the following project features can have different visibility levels:
- Issues
- Repository
- Merge Request
- Pipelines
- Container Registry
- Git Large File Storage
- Wiki
- Snippets
These features can be set to "Everyone with Access" or "Only Project Members".
They make sense only for public or internal projects because private projects
can be accessed only by project members by default.
### Members
Users can be members of multiple groups and projects. The following access
levels are available (defined in the `Gitlab::Access` module):
- No access (`0`)
- Guest (`10`)
- Reporter (`20`)
- Developer (`30`)
- Maintainer (`40`)
- Owner (`50`)
If a user is the member of both a project and the project parent group(s), the
higher permission is taken into account for the project.
If a user is the member of a project, but not the parent group(s), they
can still view the groups and their entities (like epics).
Project membership (where the group membership is already taken into account)
is stored in the `project_authorizations` table.
CAUTION: **Caution:**
Due to [an issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/219299),
projects in personal namespace will not show owner (`50`) permission in
`project_authorizations` table. Note however that [`user.owned_projects`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/0d63823b122b11abd2492bca47cc26858eee713d/app/models/user.rb#L906-916)
is calculated properly.
### Confidential issues
Confidential issues can be accessed only by project members who are at least
reporters (they can't be accessed by guests). Additionally they can be accessed
by their authors and assignees.
### Licensed features
Some features can be accessed only if the user has the correct license plan.
## Permission dependencies
Feature policies can be quite complex and consist of multiple rules.
Quite often, one permission can be based on another.
Designing good permissions means reusing existing permissions as much as possible
and making access to features granular.
In the case of a complex resource, it should be broken into smaller pieces of information
and each piece should be granted a different permission.
A good example in this case is the _Merge Request widget_ and the _Security reports_.
Depending on the visibility level of the _Pipelines_, the _Security reports_ will be either visible
in the widget or not. So, the _Merge Request widget_, the _Pipelines_, and the _Security reports_,
have separate permissions. Moreover, the permissions for the _Merge Request widget_
and the _Pipelines_ are dependencies of the _Security reports_.
### Permission dependencies of Secure features
Secure features have complex permissions since these features are integrated
into different features like Merge Requests and CI flow.
Here is a list of some permission dependencies.
| Activity level | Resource | Locations |Permission dependency|
|----------------|----------|-----------|-----|
| View | License information | Dependency list, License Compliance | Can view repository |
| View | Dependency information | Dependency list, License Compliance | Can view repository |
| View | Vulnerabilities information | Dependency list | Can view security findings |
| View | Black/Whitelisted licenses for the project | License Compliance, Merge request | Can view repository |
| View | Security findings | Merge Request, CI job page, Pipeline security tab | Can read the project and CI jobs |
| View | Vulnerability feedback | Merge Request | Can read security findings |
| View | Dependency List page | Project | Can access Dependency information |
| View | License Compliance page | Project | Can access License information|
|
