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---
type: howto
stage: Manage
group: Authentication and Authorization
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments
---
# Enforce two-factor authentication **(FREE SELF)**
Two-factor authentication (2FA) provides an additional level of security to your
users' GitLab account. When enabled, users are prompted for a code generated by an application in
addition to supplying their username and password to sign in.
Read more about [two-factor authentication (2FA)](../user/profile/account/two_factor_authentication.md)
## Enforce 2FA for all users
Users on GitLab can enable it without any administrator's intervention. If you
want to enforce everyone to set up 2FA, you can choose from two different ways:
- Enforce on next login.
- Suggest on next login, but allow a grace period before enforcing.
After the configured grace period has elapsed, users can sign in but
cannot leave the 2FA configuration area at `/-/profile/two_factor_auth`.
To enable 2FA for all users:
1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**.
1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > General** (`/admin/application_settings/general`).
1. Expand the **Sign-in restrictions** section, where you can configure both.
If you want 2FA enforcement to take effect during the next sign-in attempt,
change the grace period to `0`.
## Disable 2FA enforcement through Rails console
Using the [Rails console](../administration/operations/rails_console.md), enforcing 2FA for
all user can be disabled. Connect to the Rails console and run:
```ruby
Gitlab::CurrentSettings.update!('require_two_factor_authentication': false)
```
## Enforce 2FA for all users in a group **(FREE)**
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/24965) in GitLab 12.0, 2FA settings for a group are also applied to subgroups.
To enforce 2FA only for certain groups:
1. Go to the group's **Settings > General** page.
1. Expand the **Permissions and group features** section.
1. Select the **Require all users in this group to set up two-factor authentication** option.
You can also specify a grace period in the **Time before enforced** option.
To change this setting, you must be an administrator or owner of the group.
If you want to enforce 2FA only for certain groups, you can enable it in the
group settings and specify a grace period as above. To change this setting you
must be administrator or owner of the group.
The following are important notes about 2FA:
- Projects belonging to a 2FA-enabled group that
[is shared](../user/project/members/share_project_with_groups.md)
with a 2FA-disabled group will *not* require members of the 2FA-disabled group to use
2FA for the project. For example, if project *P* belongs to 2FA-enabled group *A* and
is shared with 2FA-disabled group *B*, members of group *B* can access project *P*
without 2FA. To ensure this scenario doesn't occur,
[prevent sharing of projects](../user/group/index.md#prevent-a-project-from-being-shared-with-groups)
for the 2FA-enabled group.
- If you add additional members to a project within a group or subgroup that has
2FA enabled, 2FA is **not** required for those individually added members.
- If there are multiple 2FA requirements (for example, group + all users, or multiple
groups) the shortest grace period is used.
- It is possible to prevent subgroups from setting up their own 2FA requirements:
1. Go to the top-level group's **Settings > General**.
1. Expand the **Permissions and group features** section.
1. Uncheck the **Allow subgroups to set up their own two-factor authentication rule** field.
This action causes all subgroups with 2FA requirements to stop requiring that from their members.
## Disable 2FA for everyone
WARNING:
Disabling 2FA for everyone does not disable the [enforce 2FA for all users](#enforce-2fa-for-all-users)
or [enforce 2FA for all users in a group](#enforce-2fa-for-all-users-in-a-group)
settings. You must also disable any enforced 2FA settings so users aren't asked to set up 2FA again
when they next sign in to GitLab.
There may be some special situations where you want to disable 2FA for everyone
even when forced 2FA is disabled. There is a Rake task for that:
```shell
# Omnibus installations
sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:two_factor:disable_for_all_users
# Installations from source
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:two_factor:disable_for_all_users RAILS_ENV=production
```
WARNING:
This is a permanent and irreversible action. Users have to
reactivate 2FA from scratch if they want to use it again.
## 2FA for Git over SSH operations **(PREMIUM)**
> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/270554) in GitLab 13.7.
> - [Moved](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/299088) from GitLab Free to GitLab Premium in 13.9.
> - It's deployed behind a feature flag, disabled by default.
FLAG:
On self-managed GitLab, by default this feature is not available. To make it available, ask an administrator to [enable the feature flag](../administration/feature_flags.md) named `two_factor_for_cli`. On GitLab.com, this feature is not available. The feature is not ready for production use. This feature flag also affects [session duration for Git Operations when 2FA is enabled](../user/admin_area/settings/account_and_limit_settings.md#customize-session-duration-for-git-operations-when-2fa-is-enabled).
Two-factor authentication can be enforced for Git over SSH operations. However, we recommend using
[ED25519_SK](../user/ssh.md#ed25519_sk-ssh-keys) or [ECDSA_SK](../user/ssh.md#ecdsa_sk-ssh-keys) SSH keys instead.
The one-time password (OTP) verification can be done using a command:
```shell
ssh git@<hostname> 2fa_verify
```
After the OTP is verified, Git over SSH operations can be used for a session duration of
15 minutes (default) with the associated SSH key.
### Security limitation
2FA does not protect users with compromised *private* SSH keys.
Once an OTP is verified, anyone can run Git over SSH with that private SSH key for
the configured [session duration](../user/admin_area/settings/account_and_limit_settings.md#customize-session-duration-for-git-operations-when-2fa-is-enabled).
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