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+Network Working Group                                        E. Rescorla
+Internet-Draft                                         Network Resonance
+Intended status:  Informational                             June 2, 2007
+Expires:  December 4, 2007
+
+
+TLS Elliptic Curve Cipher Suites with SHA-256/384 and AES Galois Counter
+                                  Mode
+                   draft-ietf-tls-ecc-new-mac-01.txt
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
+   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
+   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
+   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.
+
+   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
+   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
+   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
+   Drafts.
+
+   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
+   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
+   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
+   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
+
+   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
+   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
+
+   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
+   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
+
+   This Internet-Draft will expire on December 4, 2007.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
+
+Abstract
+
+   RFC 4492 describes elliptic curve cipher suites for Transport Layer
+   Security (TLS).  However, all those cipher suites use SHA-1 as their
+   MAC algorithm.  This document describes eight new CipherSuites for
+   TLS/DTLS which specify stronger digest algorithms.  Four use HMAC
+   with SHA-256 or SHA-384 and four use AES in Galois Counter Mode
+   (GCM).
+
+
+
+
+Rescorla                Expires December 4, 2007                [Page 1]
+
+Internet-Draft               TLS ECC New MAC                   June 2007
+
+
+Table of Contents
+
+   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
+     1.1.  Conventions Used In This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
+   2.  Cipher Suites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
+     2.1.  HMAC-based Cipher Suites  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
+     2.2.  Galois Counter Mode-based Cipher Suites . . . . . . . . . . 4
+     2.3.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+     2.4.  TLS Versions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+     2.5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+       2.5.1.  Downgrade Attack  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+       2.5.2.  Perfect Forward Secrecy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
+       2.5.3.  Counter Reuse with GCM  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
+     2.6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
+   3.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
+     3.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
+     3.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
+   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
+   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements  . . . . . . . . . . 8
+
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+Rescorla                Expires December 4, 2007                [Page 2]
+
+Internet-Draft               TLS ECC New MAC                   June 2007
+
+
+1.  Introduction
+
+   RFC 4492 [RFC4492] describes Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) cipher
+   suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS).  However, all of the RFC
+   4492 suites use HMAC-SHA1 as their MAC algorithm.  Due to recent
+   analytic work on SHA-1 [Wang05], the IETF is gradually moving away
+   from SHA-1 and towards stronger hash algorithms.  This document
+   specifies TLS ECC cipher suites which replace SHA-256 and SHA-384
+   rather than SHA-1.
+
+   TLS 1.2 [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis], adds support for authenticated
+   encryption with additional data (AEAD) cipher modes
+   [I-D.mcgrew-auth-enc].  This document also specifies a set of ECC
+   cipher suites using one such mode, Galois Counter Mode (GCM) [GCM].
+   Another document [I-D.salowey-tls-rsa-aes-gcm], provides support for
+   GCM with other key establishment methods.
+
+1.1.  Conventions Used In This Document
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
+
+
+2.  Cipher Suites
+
+   This document defines 8 new cipher suites to be added to TLS.  All
+   use Elliptic Curve Cryptography for key exchange and digital
+   signature, as defined in RFC 4492.
+
+2.1.  HMAC-based Cipher Suites
+
+   The first four cipher suites use AES [AES] in CBC [CBC] mode with an
+   HMAC-based MAC:
+
+       CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256  = {0xXX,XX};
+       CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384  = {0xXX,XX};
+       CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256   = {0xXX,XX};
+       CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384   = {0xXX,XX};
+
+   These four cipher suites are the same as the corresponding cipher
+   suites in RFC 4492 (TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,
+   TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,
+   TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, and
+   TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA) except for the hash and PRF
+   algorithms, which are SHA-256 and SHA-384 [SHS] as follows.
+
+
+
+
+
+Rescorla                Expires December 4, 2007                [Page 3]
+
+Internet-Draft               TLS ECC New MAC                   June 2007
+
+
+      Cipher Suite                                MAC          PRF
+      ------------                                ---          ---
+      TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256     HMAC-SHA-256 P_SHA-256
+      TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384     HMAC-SHA-384 P_SHA-384
+      TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256      HMAC-SHA-256 P_SHA-256
+      TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384      HMAC-SHA-384 P_SHA-384
+
+2.2.  Galois Counter Mode-based Cipher Suites
+
+   The second four cipher suites use the new authenticated encryption
+   modes defined in TLS 1.2 with AES in Galois Counter Mode (GCM) [GCM]:
+
+       CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256  = {0xXX,XX};
+       CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384  = {0xXX,XX};
+       CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256   = {0xXX,XX};
+       CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384   = {0xXX,XX};
+
+   These cipher suites use authenticated encryption with additional data
+   algorithms AEAD_AES_128_GCM and AEAD_AES_256_GCM described in
+   [I-D.mcgrew-auth-enc].  The "nonce" input to the AEAD algorithm SHALL
+   be 12 bytes long, and is "partially implicit" (see Section 3.2.1 of
+   [I-D.mcgrew-auth-enc]) part of the nonce is generated as part of the
+   handshake process and is static for the entire session and part is
+   carried in each packet.
+
+             struct {
+                opaque salt[4];
+                opaque explicit_nonce_part[8];
+             } GCMNonce.
+
+   The salt value is either the client_write_IV if the client is sending
+   or the server_write_IV if the server is sending.  These IVs SHALL be
+   4 bytes long.
+
+   The explicit_nonce_part is chosen by the sender and included in the
+   packet.  Each value of the explicit_nonce_part MUST be distinct from
+   all other values, for any fixed key.  Failure to meet this uniqueness
+   requirement can significantly degrade security.  The
+   explicit_nonce_part is carried in the IV field of the
+   GenericAEADCipher structure.  Therefore, for all the algorithms
+   defined in this section, SecurityParameters.iv_length=8.
+
+   In the case of TLS the counter MAY be the 64-bit sequence number.  In
+   the case of Datagram TLS [RFC4347] [NOTE:  there needs to be a new
+   DTLS draft for AEAD, this is a placeholder] the counter MAY be formed
+   from the concatenation of the 16-bit epoch with the 48-bit sequence
+   number.
+
+
+
+
+Rescorla                Expires December 4, 2007                [Page 4]
+
+Internet-Draft               TLS ECC New MAC                   June 2007
+
+
+   The PRF algorithms SHALL be as follows:
+
+   For TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 and
+   TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 it SHALL be P_SHA-256.
+
+   For TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 and
+   TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 it SHALL be P_SHA-384.
+
+2.3.  Acknowledgements
+
+   This work was supported by the US Department of Defense.
+
+   David McGrew contributed substantual sections of the GCM nonce text
+   as well as providing a review of this document.
+
+2.4.  TLS Versions
+
+   Because these cipher suites depend on features available only in TLS
+   1.2 (PRF flexibility and combined authenticated encryption cipher
+   modes), they MUST NOT be negotiated by older versions of TLS.
+   Clients MUST NOT offer these cipher suites if they do not offer TLS
+   1.2 or later.  Servers which select an earlier version of TLS MUST
+   NOT select one of these cipher suites.  Because TLS has no way for
+   the client to indicate that it supports TLS 1.2 but not earlier, a
+   non-compliant server might potentially negotiate TLS 1.1 or earlier
+   and select one of the cipher suites in this document.  Clients MUST
+   check the TLS version and generate a fatal "illegal_parameter" alert
+   if they detect an incorrect version.
+
+2.5.  Security Considerations
+
+   The security considerations in RFC 4346 and RFC 4492 apply to this
+   document as well.  The remainder of this section describes security
+   considerations specific to the cipher suites described in this
+   document.
+
+2.5.1.  Downgrade Attack
+
+   TLS negotiation is only as secure as the weakest cipher suite that is
+   supported.  For instance, an implementation which supports both 160-
+   bit and 256-bit elliptic curves can be subject to an active downgrade
+   attack to the 160-bit security level.  An attacker who can attack
+   that can then forge the Finished handshake check and successfully
+   mount a man-in-the-middle attack.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Rescorla                Expires December 4, 2007                [Page 5]
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+Internet-Draft               TLS ECC New MAC                   June 2007
+
+
+2.5.2.  Perfect Forward Secrecy
+
+   The static ECDH cipher suites specified in this document do not
+   provide perfect forward secrecy (PFS).  Thus, compromise of a single
+   static key leads to potential decryption of all traffic protected
+   using that key.  Implementors of this specification SHOULD provide at
+   least one ECDHE mode of operation.
+
+2.5.3.  Counter Reuse with GCM
+
+   AES-GCM is only secure if the counter is never reused.  The IV
+   construction algorithm above is designed to ensure that this cannot
+   happen.
+
+2.6.  IANA Considerations
+
+   IANA has assigned the following values for these cipher suites:
+
+      CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256   = {0xXX,XX};
+      CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384   = {0xXX,XX};
+      CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256    = {0xXX,XX};
+      CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384    = {0xXX,XX};
+      CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256   = {0xXX,XX};
+      CipherSuite TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384   = {0xXX,XX};
+      CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256    = {0xXX,XX};
+      CipherSuite TLS_ECDH_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384    = {0xXX,XX};
+
+
+3.  References
+
+3.1.  Normative References
+
+   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC4492]  Blake-Wilson, S., Bolyard, N., Gupta, V., Hawk, C., and B.
+              Moeller, "Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher Suites
+              for Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 4492, May 2006.
+
+   [RFC4347]  Rescorla, E. and N. Modadugu, "Datagram Transport Layer
+              Security", RFC 4347, April 2006.
+
+   [I-D.mcgrew-auth-enc]
+              McGrew, D., "An Interface and Algorithms for Authenticated
+              Encryption", draft-mcgrew-auth-enc-02 (work in progress),
+              March 2007.
+
+   [I-D.ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis]
+
+
+
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+
+
+              Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The TLS Protocol Version
+              1.2", draft-ietf-tls-rfc4346-bis-03 (work in progress),
+              March 2007.
+
+   [AES]      National Institute of Standards and Technology,
+              "Specification for the Advanced Encryption Standard
+              (AES)", FIPS 197, November 2001.
+
+   [SHS]      National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Secure
+              Hash Standard", FIPS 180-2, August 2002.
+
+   [CBC]      National Institute of Standards and Technology,
+              "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation -
+              Methods and Techniques", SP 800-38A, December 2001.
+
+   [GCM]      National Institute of Standards and Technology,
+              "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation:
+              Galois;/Counter Mode (GCM) for Confidentiality and
+              Authentication", SP 800-38D (DRAFT), April 2006.
+
+   [Wang05]   Wang, X., Yin, Y., and H. Yu, "Finding Collisions in the
+              Full SHA-1", CRYPTO 2005, August 2005.
+
+3.2.  Informative References
+
+   [I-D.salowey-tls-rsa-aes-gcm]
+              Salowey, J., "RSA based AES-GCM Cipher Suites for TLS",
+              draft-salowey-tls-rsa-aes-gcm-00 (work in progress),
+              February 2007.
+
+
+Author's Address
+
+   Eric Rescorla
+   Network Resonance
+   2483 E. Bayshore #212
+   Palo Alto  94303
+   USA
+
+   Email:  ekr@networkresonance.com
+
+
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+Rescorla                Expires December 4, 2007                [Page 7]
+
+Internet-Draft               TLS ECC New MAC                   June 2007
+
+
+Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
+
+   This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
+   contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
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+
+Rescorla                Expires December 4, 2007                [Page 8]
+
+