Update gnulib files.

13 files changed, 1264 insertions, 243 deletions

diff --git a/lgl/Makefile.am b/lgl/Makefile.am
index 73dbeebd8f..6c1620bda7 100644
--- a/lgl/Makefile.am
+++ b/lgl/Makefile.am
@@ -434,6 +434,7 @@ string.h: string_.h
 	  sed -e 's|@''ABSOLUTE_STRING_H''@|$(ABSOLUTE_STRING_H)|g' \
 	      -e 's/@''HAVE_INCLUDE_NEXT''@/$(HAVE_INCLUDE_NEXT)/g' \
 	      -e 's|@''GNULIB_MBSLEN''@|$(GNULIB_MBSLEN)|g' \
+	      -e 's|@''GNULIB_MBSNLEN''@|$(GNULIB_MBSNLEN)|g' \
 	      -e 's|@''GNULIB_MBSCHR''@|$(GNULIB_MBSCHR)|g' \
 	      -e 's|@''GNULIB_MBSRCHR''@|$(GNULIB_MBSRCHR)|g' \
 	      -e 's|@''GNULIB_MBSSTR''@|$(GNULIB_MBSSTR)|g' \
diff --git a/lgl/fseeko.c b/lgl/fseeko.c
index ee94376b8b..5397220816 100644
--- a/lgl/fseeko.c
+++ b/lgl/fseeko.c
@@ -83,6 +83,11 @@ rpl_fseeko (FILE *fp, off_t offset, int whence)
   if (fp->_ptr == fp->_base
       && (fp->_ptr == NULL || fp->_cnt == 0))
 # endif
+#elif defined __UCLIBC__            /* uClibc */
+  if (((fp->__modeflags & __FLAG_WRITING) == 0
+       || fp->__bufpos == fp->__bufstart)
+      && ((fp->__modeflags & (__FLAG_READONLY | __FLAG_READING)) == 0
+	  || fp->__bufpos == fp->__bufread))
 #else
   #error "Please port gnulib fseeko.c to your platform! Look at the code in fpurge.c, then report this to bug-gnulib."
 #endif
diff --git a/lgl/m4/gettext.m4 b/lgl/m4/gettext.m4
index 91c345e992..7f3e4e283c 100644
--- a/lgl/m4/gettext.m4
+++ b/lgl/m4/gettext.m4
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# gettext.m4 serial 59 (gettext-0.16.1)
+# gettext.m4 serial 59a (gettext-0.16.1)
 dnl Copyright (C) 1995-2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 dnl This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
 dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
@@ -362,44 +362,6 @@ return * gettext ("")$gt_expression_test_code + _nl_msg_cat_cntr + *_nl_expand_a
 ])
 
 
-dnl Checks for special options needed on MacOS X.
-dnl Defines INTL_MACOSX_LIBS.
-AC_DEFUN([gt_INTL_MACOSX],
-[
-  dnl Check for API introduced in MacOS X 10.2.
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK([for CFPreferencesCopyAppValue],
-    gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue,
-    [gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
-     LIBS="$LIBS -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation"
-     AC_TRY_LINK([#include <CoreFoundation/CFPreferences.h>],
-       [CFPreferencesCopyAppValue(NULL, NULL)],
-       [gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue=yes],
-       [gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue=no])
-     LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS"])
-  if test $gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_CFPREFERENCESCOPYAPPVALUE], 1,
-      [Define to 1 if you have the MacOS X function CFPreferencesCopyAppValue in the CoreFoundation framework.])
-  fi
-  dnl Check for API introduced in MacOS X 10.3.
-  AC_CACHE_CHECK([for CFLocaleCopyCurrent], gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyCurrent,
-    [gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
-     LIBS="$LIBS -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation"
-     AC_TRY_LINK([#include <CoreFoundation/CFLocale.h>], [CFLocaleCopyCurrent();],
-       [gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyCurrent=yes],
-       [gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyCurrent=no])
-     LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS"])
-  if test $gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyCurrent = yes; then
-    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_CFLOCALECOPYCURRENT], 1,
-      [Define to 1 if you have the MacOS X function CFLocaleCopyCurrent in the CoreFoundation framework.])
-  fi
-  INTL_MACOSX_LIBS=
-  if test $gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue = yes || test $gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyCurrent = yes; then
-    INTL_MACOSX_LIBS="-Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation"
-  fi
-  AC_SUBST([INTL_MACOSX_LIBS])
-])
-
-
 dnl gt_NEEDS_INIT ensures that the gt_needs variable is initialized.
 m4_define([gt_NEEDS_INIT],
 [
diff --git a/lgl/m4/gnulib-comp.m4 b/lgl/m4/gnulib-comp.m4
index 11d94e9c76..59c3010c94 100644
--- a/lgl/m4/gnulib-comp.m4
+++ b/lgl/m4/gnulib-comp.m4
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([lgl_FILE_LIST], [
   m4/intdiv0.m4
   m4/intl.m4
   m4/intldir.m4
+  m4/intlmacosx.m4
   m4/intmax.m4
   m4/intmax_t.m4
   m4/inttypes-pri.m4
diff --git a/lgl/m4/intlmacosx.m4 b/lgl/m4/intlmacosx.m4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6019bbfa24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lgl/m4/intlmacosx.m4
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# intlmacosx.m4 serial 1 (gettext-0.16.2)
+dnl Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+dnl This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
+dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
+dnl with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved.
+dnl
+dnl This file can can be used in projects which are not available under
+dnl the GNU General Public License or the GNU Library General Public
+dnl License but which still want to provide support for the GNU gettext
+dnl functionality.
+dnl Please note that the actual code of the GNU gettext library is covered
+dnl by the GNU Library General Public License, and the rest of the GNU
+dnl gettext package package is covered by the GNU General Public License.
+dnl They are *not* in the public domain.
+
+dnl Checks for special options needed on MacOS X.
+dnl Defines INTL_MACOSX_LIBS.
+AC_DEFUN([gt_INTL_MACOSX],
+[
+  dnl Check for API introduced in MacOS X 10.2.
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK([for CFPreferencesCopyAppValue],
+    gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue,
+    [gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
+     LIBS="$LIBS -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation"
+     AC_TRY_LINK([#include <CoreFoundation/CFPreferences.h>],
+       [CFPreferencesCopyAppValue(NULL, NULL)],
+       [gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue=yes],
+       [gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue=no])
+     LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS"])
+  if test $gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue = yes; then
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_CFPREFERENCESCOPYAPPVALUE], 1,
+      [Define to 1 if you have the MacOS X function CFPreferencesCopyAppValue in the CoreFoundation framework.])
+  fi
+  dnl Check for API introduced in MacOS X 10.3.
+  AC_CACHE_CHECK([for CFLocaleCopyCurrent], gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyCurrent,
+    [gt_save_LIBS="$LIBS"
+     LIBS="$LIBS -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation"
+     AC_TRY_LINK([#include <CoreFoundation/CFLocale.h>], [CFLocaleCopyCurrent();],
+       [gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyCurrent=yes],
+       [gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyCurrent=no])
+     LIBS="$gt_save_LIBS"])
+  if test $gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyCurrent = yes; then
+    AC_DEFINE([HAVE_CFLOCALECOPYCURRENT], 1,
+      [Define to 1 if you have the MacOS X function CFLocaleCopyCurrent in the CoreFoundation framework.])
+  fi
+  INTL_MACOSX_LIBS=
+  if test $gt_cv_func_CFPreferencesCopyAppValue = yes || test $gt_cv_func_CFLocaleCopyCurrent = yes; then
+    INTL_MACOSX_LIBS="-Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation"
+  fi
+  AC_SUBST([INTL_MACOSX_LIBS])
+])
diff --git a/lgl/m4/string_h.m4 b/lgl/m4/string_h.m4
index f706d491be..ab5d786988 100644
--- a/lgl/m4/string_h.m4
+++ b/lgl/m4/string_h.m4
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_HEADER_STRING_H_DEFAULTS],
   GNULIB_STRCASESTR=0;  AC_SUBST([GNULIB_STRCASESTR])
   GNULIB_STRTOK_R=0;    AC_SUBST([GNULIB_STRTOK_R])
   GNULIB_MBSLEN=0;      AC_SUBST([GNULIB_MBSLEN])
+  GNULIB_MBSNLEN=0;     AC_SUBST([GNULIB_MBSNLEN])
   GNULIB_MBSCHR=0;      AC_SUBST([GNULIB_MBSCHR])
   GNULIB_MBSRCHR=0;     AC_SUBST([GNULIB_MBSRCHR])
   GNULIB_MBSSTR=0;      AC_SUBST([GNULIB_MBSSTR])
diff --git a/lgl/m4/vasnprintf.m4 b/lgl/m4/vasnprintf.m4
index 7d676c25f2..ef2de787f0 100644
--- a/lgl/m4/vasnprintf.m4
+++ b/lgl/m4/vasnprintf.m4
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# vasnprintf.m4 serial 18
+# vasnprintf.m4 serial 20
 dnl Copyright (C) 2002-2004, 2006-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 dnl This file is free software; the Free Software Foundation
 dnl gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it,
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF],
   AC_REQUIRE([gt_TYPE_WCHAR_T])
   AC_REQUIRE([gt_TYPE_WINT_T])
   AC_CHECK_FUNCS(snprintf wcslen)
+  dnl Use the _snprintf function only if it is declared (because on NetBSD it
+  dnl is defined as a weak alias of snprintf; we prefer to use the latter).
+  AC_CHECK_DECLS([_snprintf], , , [#include <stdio.h>])
 ])
 
 # Extra prerequisites of lib/vasnprintf.c for supporting 'long double'
@@ -175,6 +178,19 @@ AC_DEFUN([gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF_FLAG_ZERO],
   esac
 ])
 
+# Prerequisites of lib/vasnprintf.c including all extras for POSIX compliance.
+AC_DEFUN([gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF_WITH_EXTRAS],
+[
+  AC_REQUIRE([gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF])
+  gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF_LONG_DOUBLE
+  gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF_INFINITE_DOUBLE
+  gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF_INFINITE_LONG_DOUBLE
+  gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A
+  gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF_DIRECTIVE_F
+  gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF_FLAG_GROUPING
+  gl_PREREQ_VASNPRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
+])
+
 # Prerequisites of lib/asnprintf.c.
 AC_DEFUN([gl_PREREQ_ASNPRINTF],
 [
diff --git a/lgl/printf-args.c b/lgl/printf-args.c
index 9205d61720..9bf1ac6732 100644
--- a/lgl/printf-args.c
+++ b/lgl/printf-args.c
@@ -15,16 +15,25 @@
    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
    Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
 
-#include <config.h>
+/* This file can be parametrized with the following macros:
+     ENABLE_UNISTDIO    Set to 1 to enable the unistdio extensions.
+     PRINTF_FETCHARGS   Name of the function to be defined.
+     STATIC             Set to 'static' to declare the function static.  */
+
+#ifndef PRINTF_FETCHARGS
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
 
 /* Specification.  */
-#include "printf-args.h"
+#ifndef PRINTF_FETCHARGS
+# include "printf-args.h"
+#endif
 
 #ifdef STATIC
 STATIC
 #endif
 int
-printf_fetchargs (va_list args, arguments *a)
+PRINTF_FETCHARGS (va_list args, arguments *a)
 {
   size_t i;
   argument *ap;
@@ -131,6 +140,45 @@ printf_fetchargs (va_list args, arguments *a)
 	ap->a.a_count_longlongint_pointer = va_arg (args, long long int *);
 	break;
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+      /* The unistdio extensions.  */
+      case TYPE_U8_STRING:
+	ap->a.a_u8_string = va_arg (args, const uint8_t *);
+	/* A null pointer is an invalid argument for "%U", but in practice
+	   it occurs quite frequently in printf statements that produce
+	   debug output.  Use a fallback in this case.  */
+	if (ap->a.a_u8_string == NULL)
+	  {
+	    static const uint8_t u8_null_string[] =
+	      { '(', 'N', 'U', 'L', 'L', 0 };
+	    ap->a.a_u8_string = u8_null_string;
+	  }
+	break;
+      case TYPE_U16_STRING:
+	ap->a.a_u16_string = va_arg (args, const uint16_t *);
+	/* A null pointer is an invalid argument for "%lU", but in practice
+	   it occurs quite frequently in printf statements that produce
+	   debug output.  Use a fallback in this case.  */
+	if (ap->a.a_u16_string == NULL)
+	  {
+	    static const uint16_t u16_null_string[] =
+	      { '(', 'N', 'U', 'L', 'L', 0 };
+	    ap->a.a_u16_string = u16_null_string;
+	  }
+	break;
+      case TYPE_U32_STRING:
+	ap->a.a_u32_string = va_arg (args, const uint32_t *);
+	/* A null pointer is an invalid argument for "%llU", but in practice
+	   it occurs quite frequently in printf statements that produce
+	   debug output.  Use a fallback in this case.  */
+	if (ap->a.a_u32_string == NULL)
+	  {
+	    static const uint32_t u32_null_string[] =
+	      { '(', 'N', 'U', 'L', 'L', 0 };
+	    ap->a.a_u32_string = u32_null_string;
+	  }
+	break;
+#endif
       default:
 	/* Unknown type.  */
 	return -1;
diff --git a/lgl/printf-args.h b/lgl/printf-args.h
index e270e04988..b663a63b17 100644
--- a/lgl/printf-args.h
+++ b/lgl/printf-args.h
@@ -18,6 +18,16 @@
 #ifndef _PRINTF_ARGS_H
 #define _PRINTF_ARGS_H
 
+/* This file can be parametrized with the following macros:
+     ENABLE_UNISTDIO    Set to 1 to enable the unistdio extensions.
+     PRINTF_FETCHARGS   Name of the function to be declared.
+     STATIC             Set to 'static' to declare the function static.  */
+
+/* Default parameters.  */
+#ifndef PRINTF_FETCHARGS
+# define PRINTF_FETCHARGS printf_fetchargs
+#endif
+
 /* Get size_t.  */
 #include <stddef.h>
 
@@ -69,6 +79,12 @@ typedef enum
 #if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
 , TYPE_COUNT_LONGLONGINT_POINTER
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+  /* The unistdio extensions.  */
+, TYPE_U8_STRING
+, TYPE_U16_STRING
+, TYPE_U32_STRING
+#endif
 } arg_type;
 
 /* Polymorphic argument */
@@ -108,6 +124,12 @@ typedef struct
 #if HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT
     long long int *		a_count_longlongint_pointer;
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+    /* The unistdio extensions.  */
+    const uint8_t *		a_u8_string;
+    const uint16_t *		a_u16_string;
+    const uint32_t *		a_u32_string;
+#endif
   }
   a;
 }
@@ -127,6 +149,6 @@ STATIC
 #else
 extern
 #endif
-int printf_fetchargs (va_list args, arguments *a);
+int PRINTF_FETCHARGS (va_list args, arguments *a);
 
 #endif /* _PRINTF_ARGS_H */
diff --git a/lgl/printf-parse.c b/lgl/printf-parse.c
index b18bcdc930..1c3e6c0a11 100644
--- a/lgl/printf-parse.c
+++ b/lgl/printf-parse.c
@@ -15,15 +15,36 @@
    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
    Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
 
-#include <config.h>
+/* This file can be parametrized with the following macros:
+     CHAR_T             The element type of the format string.
+     CHAR_T_ONLY_ASCII  Set to 1 to enable verification that all characters
+                        in the format string are ASCII.
+     DIRECTIVE          Structure denoting a format directive.
+                        Depends on CHAR_T.
+     DIRECTIVES         Structure denoting the set of format directives of a
+                        format string.  Depends on CHAR_T.
+     PRINTF_PARSE       Function that parses a format string.
+                        Depends on CHAR_T.
+     STATIC             Set to 'static' to declare the function static.
+     ENABLE_UNISTDIO    Set to 1 to enable the unistdio extensions.  */
+
+#ifndef PRINTF_PARSE
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
 
 /* Specification.  */
-#if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
-# include "wprintf-parse.h"
-#else
+#ifndef PRINTF_PARSE
 # include "printf-parse.h"
 #endif
 
+/* Default parameters.  */
+#ifndef PRINTF_PARSE
+# define PRINTF_PARSE printf_parse
+# define CHAR_T char
+# define DIRECTIVE char_directive
+# define DIRECTIVES char_directives
+#endif
+
 /* Get size_t, NULL.  */
 #include <stddef.h>
 
@@ -45,16 +66,9 @@
 /* Checked size_t computations.  */
 #include "xsize.h"
 
-#if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
-# define PRINTF_PARSE wprintf_parse
-# define CHAR_T wchar_t
-# define DIRECTIVE wchar_t_directive
-# define DIRECTIVES wchar_t_directives
-#else
-# define PRINTF_PARSE printf_parse
-# define CHAR_T char
-# define DIRECTIVE char_directive
-# define DIRECTIVES char_directives
+#if CHAR_T_ONLY_ASCII
+/* c_isascii().  */
+# include "c-ctype.h"
 #endif
 
 #ifdef STATIC
@@ -119,7 +133,7 @@ PRINTF_PARSE (const CHAR_T *format, DIRECTIVES *d, arguments *a)
       if (c == '%')
 	{
 	  size_t arg_index = ARG_NONE;
-	  DIRECTIVE *dp = &d->dir[d->count];/* pointer to next directive */
+	  DIRECTIVE *dp = &d->dir[d->count]; /* pointer to next directive */
 
 	  /* Initialize the next directive.  */
 	  dp->dir_start = cp - 1;
@@ -479,6 +493,17 @@ PRINTF_PARSE (const CHAR_T *format, DIRECTIVES *d, arguments *a)
 		  else
 		    type = TYPE_COUNT_INT_POINTER;
 		  break;
+#if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+		/* The unistdio extensions.  */
+		case 'U':
+		  if (flags >= 16)
+		    type = TYPE_U32_STRING;
+		  else if (flags >= 8)
+		    type = TYPE_U16_STRING;
+		  else
+		    type = TYPE_U8_STRING;
+		  break;
+#endif
 		case '%':
 		  type = TYPE_NONE;
 		  break;
@@ -522,6 +547,13 @@ PRINTF_PARSE (const CHAR_T *format, DIRECTIVES *d, arguments *a)
 	      d->dir = memory;
 	    }
 	}
+#if CHAR_T_ONLY_ASCII
+      else if (!c_isascii (c))
+	{
+	  /* Non-ASCII character.  Not supported.  */
+	  goto error;
+	}
+#endif
     }
   d->dir[d->count].dir_start = cp;
 
@@ -537,7 +569,8 @@ error:
   return -1;
 }
 
+#undef PRINTF_PARSE
 #undef DIRECTIVES
 #undef DIRECTIVE
+#undef CHAR_T_ONLY_ASCII
 #undef CHAR_T
-#undef PRINTF_PARSE
diff --git a/lgl/printf-parse.h b/lgl/printf-parse.h
index 6d254e4d33..b0b458cc51 100644
--- a/lgl/printf-parse.h
+++ b/lgl/printf-parse.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Parse printf format string.
-   Copyright (C) 1999, 2002-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1999, 2002-2003, 2005, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 #ifndef _PRINTF_PARSE_H
 #define _PRINTF_PARSE_H
 
+/* This file can be parametrized with the following macros:
+     ENABLE_UNISTDIO    Set to 1 to enable the unistdio extensions.
+     STATIC             Set to 'static' to declare the function static.  */
+
 #include "printf-args.h"
 
 
@@ -32,6 +36,9 @@
 /* arg_index value indicating that no argument is consumed.  */
 #define ARG_NONE	(~(size_t)0)
 
+/* xxx_directive: A parsed directive.
+   xxx_directives: A parsed format string.  */
+
 /* A parsed directive.  */
 typedef struct
 {
@@ -59,16 +66,114 @@ typedef struct
 }
 char_directives;
 
+#if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+
+/* A parsed directive.  */
+typedef struct
+{
+  const uint8_t* dir_start;
+  const uint8_t* dir_end;
+  int flags;
+  const uint8_t* width_start;
+  const uint8_t* width_end;
+  size_t width_arg_index;
+  const uint8_t* precision_start;
+  const uint8_t* precision_end;
+  size_t precision_arg_index;
+  uint8_t conversion; /* d i o u x X f e E g G c s p n U % but not C S */
+  size_t arg_index;
+}
+u8_directive;
+
+/* A parsed format string.  */
+typedef struct
+{
+  size_t count;
+  u8_directive *dir;
+  size_t max_width_length;
+  size_t max_precision_length;
+}
+u8_directives;
+
+/* A parsed directive.  */
+typedef struct
+{
+  const uint16_t* dir_start;
+  const uint16_t* dir_end;
+  int flags;
+  const uint16_t* width_start;
+  const uint16_t* width_end;
+  size_t width_arg_index;
+  const uint16_t* precision_start;
+  const uint16_t* precision_end;
+  size_t precision_arg_index;
+  uint16_t conversion; /* d i o u x X f e E g G c s p n U % but not C S */
+  size_t arg_index;
+}
+u16_directive;
+
+/* A parsed format string.  */
+typedef struct
+{
+  size_t count;
+  u16_directive *dir;
+  size_t max_width_length;
+  size_t max_precision_length;
+}
+u16_directives;
+
+/* A parsed directive.  */
+typedef struct
+{
+  const uint32_t* dir_start;
+  const uint32_t* dir_end;
+  int flags;
+  const uint32_t* width_start;
+  const uint32_t* width_end;
+  size_t width_arg_index;
+  const uint32_t* precision_start;
+  const uint32_t* precision_end;
+  size_t precision_arg_index;
+  uint32_t conversion; /* d i o u x X f e E g G c s p n U % but not C S */
+  size_t arg_index;
+}
+u32_directive;
+
+/* A parsed format string.  */
+typedef struct
+{
+  size_t count;
+  u32_directive *dir;
+  size_t max_width_length;
+  size_t max_precision_length;
+}
+u32_directives;
+
+#endif
+
 
 /* Parses the format string.  Fills in the number N of directives, and fills
    in directives[0], ..., directives[N-1], and sets directives[N].dir_start
    to the end of the format string.  Also fills in the arg_type fields of the
    arguments and the needed count of arguments.  */
-#ifdef STATIC
-STATIC
+#if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+extern int
+       ulc_printf_parse (const char *format, char_directives *d, arguments *a);
+extern int
+       u8_printf_parse (const uint8_t *format, u8_directives *d, arguments *a);
+extern int
+       u16_printf_parse (const uint16_t *format, u16_directives *d,
+			 arguments *a);
+extern int
+       u32_printf_parse (const uint32_t *format, u32_directives *d,
+			 arguments *a);
 #else
+# ifdef STATIC
+STATIC
+# else
 extern
-#endif
+# endif
 int printf_parse (const char *format, char_directives *d, arguments *a);
+#endif
 
 #endif /* _PRINTF_PARSE_H */
diff --git a/lgl/string_.h b/lgl/string_.h
index 75f2925334..7533f4fae1 100644
--- a/lgl/string_.h
+++ b/lgl/string_.h
@@ -401,6 +401,12 @@ extern char *strtok_r (char *restrict s, char const *restrict delim,
 extern size_t mbslen (const char *string);
 #endif
 
+#if @GNULIB_MBSNLEN@
+/* Return the number of multibyte characters in the character string starting
+   at STRING and ending at STRING + LEN.  */
+extern size_t mbsnlen (const char *string, size_t len);
+#endif
+
 #if @GNULIB_MBSCHR@
 /* Locate the first single-byte character C in the character string STRING,
    and return a pointer to it.  Return NULL if C is not found in STRING.
diff --git a/lgl/vasnprintf.c b/lgl/vasnprintf.c
index 54ae10446b..d8ec00ece1 100644
--- a/lgl/vasnprintf.c
+++ b/lgl/vasnprintf.c
@@ -15,6 +15,35 @@
    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
    Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
 
+/* This file can be parametrized with the following macros:
+     VASNPRINTF         The name of the function being defined.
+     FCHAR_T            The element type of the format string.
+     DCHAR_T            The element type of the destination (result) string.
+     FCHAR_T_ONLY_ASCII Set to 1 to enable verification that all characters
+                        in the format string are ASCII. MUST be set if
+                        FCHAR_T and DCHAR_T are not the same type.
+     DIRECTIVE          Structure denoting a format directive.
+                        Depends on FCHAR_T.
+     DIRECTIVES         Structure denoting the set of format directives of a
+                        format string.  Depends on FCHAR_T.
+     PRINTF_PARSE       Function that parses a format string.
+                        Depends on FCHAR_T.
+     DCHAR_CPY          memcpy like function for DCHAR_T[] arrays.
+     DCHAR_SET          memset like function for DCHAR_T[] arrays.
+     DCHAR_MBSNLEN      mbsnlen like function for DCHAR_T[] arrays.
+     SNPRINTF           The system's snprintf (or similar) function.
+                        This may be either snprintf or swprintf.
+     TCHAR_T            The element type of the argument and result string
+                        of the said SNPRINTF function.  This may be either
+                        char or wchar_t.  The code exploits that
+                        sizeof (TCHAR_T) | sizeof (DCHAR_T) and
+                        alignof (TCHAR_T) <= alignof (DCHAR_T).
+     DCHAR_IS_TCHAR     Set to 1 if DCHAR_T and TCHAR_T are the same type.
+     DCHAR_CONV_FROM_ENCODING A function to convert from char[] to DCHAR[].
+     DCHAR_IS_UINT8_T   Set to 1 if DCHAR_T is uint8_t.
+     DCHAR_IS_UINT16_T  Set to 1 if DCHAR_T is uint16_t.
+     DCHAR_IS_UINT32_T  Set to 1 if DCHAR_T is uint32_t.  */
+
 /* Tell glibc's <stdio.h> to provide a prototype for snprintf().
    This must come before <config.h> because <config.h> may include
    <features.h>, and once <features.h> has been included, it's too late.  */
@@ -22,16 +51,20 @@
 # define _GNU_SOURCE    1
 #endif
 
-#include <config.h>
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
 #ifndef IN_LIBINTL
 # include <alloca.h>
 #endif
 
 /* Specification.  */
-#if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
-# include "vasnwprintf.h"
-#else
-# include "vasnprintf.h"
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+#  include "vasnwprintf.h"
+# else
+#  include "vasnprintf.h"
+# endif
 #endif
 
 #include <locale.h>	/* localeconv() */
@@ -44,10 +77,12 @@
 #if HAVE_NL_LANGINFO
 # include <langinfo.h>
 #endif
-#if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
-# include "wprintf-parse.h"
-#else
-# include "printf-parse.h"
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+#  include "wprintf-parse.h"
+# else
+#  include "printf-parse.h"
+# endif
 #endif
 
 /* Checked size_t computations.  */
@@ -107,12 +142,32 @@ local_wcslen (const wchar_t *s)
 # endif
 #endif
 
+/* Default parameters.  */
+#ifndef VASNPRINTF
+# if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
+#  define VASNPRINTF vasnwprintf
+#  define FCHAR_T wchar_t
+#  define DCHAR_T wchar_t
+#  define TCHAR_T wchar_t
+#  define DCHAR_IS_TCHAR 1
+#  define DIRECTIVE wchar_t_directive
+#  define DIRECTIVES wchar_t_directives
+#  define PRINTF_PARSE wprintf_parse
+#  define DCHAR_CPY wmemcpy
+# else
+#  define VASNPRINTF vasnprintf
+#  define FCHAR_T char
+#  define DCHAR_T char
+#  define TCHAR_T char
+#  define DCHAR_IS_TCHAR 1
+#  define DIRECTIVE char_directive
+#  define DIRECTIVES char_directives
+#  define PRINTF_PARSE printf_parse
+#  define DCHAR_CPY memcpy
+# endif
+#endif
 #if WIDE_CHAR_VERSION
-# define VASNPRINTF vasnwprintf
-# define CHAR_T wchar_t
-# define DIRECTIVE wchar_t_directive
-# define DIRECTIVES wchar_t_directives
-# define PRINTF_PARSE wprintf_parse
+  /* TCHAR_T is wchar_t.  */
 # define USE_SNPRINTF 1
 # if HAVE_DECL__SNWPRINTF
    /* On Windows, the function swprintf() has a different signature than
@@ -123,11 +178,7 @@ local_wcslen (const wchar_t *s)
 #  define SNPRINTF swprintf
 # endif
 #else
-# define VASNPRINTF vasnprintf
-# define CHAR_T char
-# define DIRECTIVE char_directive
-# define DIRECTIVES char_directives
-# define PRINTF_PARSE printf_parse
+  /* TCHAR_T is char.  */
 # /* Use snprintf if it exists under the name 'snprintf' or '_snprintf'.
      But don't use it on BeOS, since BeOS snprintf produces no output if the
      size argument is >= 0x3000000.  */
@@ -1137,8 +1188,9 @@ floorlog10l (long double x)
 
 #endif
 
-CHAR_T *
-VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list args)
+DCHAR_T *
+VASNPRINTF (DCHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp,
+	    const FCHAR_T *format, va_list args)
 {
   DIRECTIVES d;
   arguments a;
@@ -1154,7 +1206,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
   if (a.arg)								\
     free (a.arg);
 
-  if (printf_fetchargs (args, &a) < 0)
+  if (PRINTF_FETCHARGS (args, &a) < 0)
     {
       CLEANUP ();
       errno = EINVAL;
@@ -1163,13 +1215,13 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 
   {
     size_t buf_neededlength;
-    CHAR_T *buf;
-    CHAR_T *buf_malloced;
-    const CHAR_T *cp;
+    TCHAR_T *buf;
+    TCHAR_T *buf_malloced;
+    const FCHAR_T *cp;
     size_t i;
     DIRECTIVE *dp;
     /* Output string accumulator.  */
-    CHAR_T *result;
+    DCHAR_T *result;
     size_t allocated;
     size_t length;
 
@@ -1178,18 +1230,18 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
     buf_neededlength =
       xsum4 (7, d.max_width_length, d.max_precision_length, 6);
 #if HAVE_ALLOCA
-    if (buf_neededlength < 4000 / sizeof (CHAR_T))
+    if (buf_neededlength < 4000 / sizeof (TCHAR_T))
       {
-	buf = (CHAR_T *) alloca (buf_neededlength * sizeof (CHAR_T));
+	buf = (TCHAR_T *) alloca (buf_neededlength * sizeof (TCHAR_T));
 	buf_malloced = NULL;
       }
     else
 #endif
       {
-	size_t buf_memsize = xtimes (buf_neededlength, sizeof (CHAR_T));
+	size_t buf_memsize = xtimes (buf_neededlength, sizeof (TCHAR_T));
 	if (size_overflow_p (buf_memsize))
 	  goto out_of_memory_1;
-	buf = (CHAR_T *) malloc (buf_memsize);
+	buf = (TCHAR_T *) malloc (buf_memsize);
 	if (buf == NULL)
 	  goto out_of_memory_1;
 	buf_malloced = buf;
@@ -1216,22 +1268,22 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
     if ((needed) > allocated)						     \
       {									     \
 	size_t memory_size;						     \
-	CHAR_T *memory;							     \
+	DCHAR_T *memory;						     \
 									     \
 	allocated = (allocated > 0 ? xtimes (allocated, 2) : 12);	     \
 	if ((needed) > allocated)					     \
 	  allocated = (needed);						     \
-	memory_size = xtimes (allocated, sizeof (CHAR_T));		     \
+	memory_size = xtimes (allocated, sizeof (DCHAR_T));		     \
 	if (size_overflow_p (memory_size))				     \
 	  goto out_of_memory;						     \
 	if (result == resultbuf || result == NULL)			     \
-	  memory = (CHAR_T *) malloc (memory_size);			     \
+	  memory = (DCHAR_T *) malloc (memory_size);			     \
 	else								     \
-	  memory = (CHAR_T *) realloc (result, memory_size);		     \
+	  memory = (DCHAR_T *) realloc (result, memory_size);		     \
 	if (memory == NULL)						     \
 	  goto out_of_memory;						     \
 	if (result == resultbuf && length > 0)				     \
-	  memcpy (memory, result, length * sizeof (CHAR_T));		     \
+	  DCHAR_CPY (memory, result, length);				     \
 	result = memory;						     \
       }
 
@@ -1243,8 +1295,20 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 	    size_t augmented_length = xsum (length, n);
 
 	    ENSURE_ALLOCATION (augmented_length);
-	    memcpy (result + length, cp, n * sizeof (CHAR_T));
-	    length = augmented_length;
+	    /* This copies a piece of FCHAR_T[] into a DCHAR_T[].  Here we
+	       need that the format string contains only ASCII characters
+	       if FCHAR_T and DCHAR_T are not the same type.  */
+	    if (sizeof (FCHAR_T) == sizeof (DCHAR_T))
+	      {
+		DCHAR_CPY (result + length, (const DCHAR_T *) cp, n);
+		length = augmented_length;
+	      }
+	    else
+	      {
+		do
+		  result[length++] = (unsigned char) *cp++;
+		while (--n > 0);
+	      }
 	  }
 	if (i == d.count)
 	  break;
@@ -1291,6 +1355,470 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		    abort ();
 		  }
 	      }
+#if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+	    /* The unistdio extensions.  */
+	    else if (dp->conversion == 'U')
+	      {
+		arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
+		int flags = dp->flags;
+		int has_width;
+		size_t width;
+		int has_precision;
+		size_t precision;
+
+		has_width = 0;
+		width = 0;
+		if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
+		  {
+		    if (dp->width_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+		      {
+			int arg;
+
+			if (!(a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+			  abort ();
+			arg = a.arg[dp->width_arg_index].a.a_int;
+			if (arg < 0)
+			  {
+			    /* "A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag
+			        followed by a positive field width."  */
+			    flags |= FLAG_LEFT;
+			    width = (unsigned int) (-arg);
+			  }
+			else
+			  width = arg;
+		      }
+		    else
+		      {
+			const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+
+			do
+			  width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+			while (digitp != dp->width_end);
+		      }
+		    has_width = 1;
+		  }
+
+		has_precision = 0;
+		precision = 0;
+		if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
+		  {
+		    if (dp->precision_arg_index != ARG_NONE)
+		      {
+			int arg;
+
+			if (!(a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].type == TYPE_INT))
+			  abort ();
+			arg = a.arg[dp->precision_arg_index].a.a_int;
+			/* "A negative precision is taken as if the precision
+			    were omitted."  */
+			if (arg >= 0)
+			  {
+			    precision = arg;
+			    has_precision = 1;
+			  }
+		      }
+		    else
+		      {
+			const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+
+			precision = 0;
+			while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
+			  precision = xsum (xtimes (precision, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
+			has_precision = 1;
+		      }
+		  }
+
+		switch (type)
+		  {
+		  case TYPE_U8_STRING:
+		    {
+		      const uint8_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_u8_string;
+		      const uint8_t *arg_end;
+		      size_t characters;
+
+		      if (has_precision)
+			{
+			  /* Use only PRECISION characters, from the left.  */
+			  arg_end = arg;
+			  characters = 0;
+			  for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+			    {
+			      int count = u8_strmblen (arg_end);
+			      if (count == 0)
+				break;
+			      if (count < 0)
+				{
+				  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+				    free (result);
+				  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+				    free (buf_malloced);
+				  CLEANUP ();
+				  errno = EILSEQ;
+				  return NULL;
+				}
+			      arg_end += count;
+			      characters++;
+			    }
+			}
+		      else if (has_width)
+			{
+			  /* Use the entire string, and count the number of
+			     characters.  */
+			  arg_end = arg;
+			  characters = 0;
+			  for (;;)
+			    {
+			      int count = u8_strmblen (arg_end);
+			      if (count == 0)
+				break;
+			      if (count < 0)
+				{
+				  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+				    free (result);
+				  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+				    free (buf_malloced);
+				  CLEANUP ();
+				  errno = EILSEQ;
+				  return NULL;
+				}
+			      arg_end += count;
+			      characters++;
+			    }
+			}
+		      else
+			{
+			  /* Use the entire string.  */
+			  arg_end = arg + u8_strlen (arg);
+			  /* The number of characters doesn't matter.  */
+			  characters = 0;
+			}
+
+		      if (has_width && width > characters
+			  && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+			{
+			  size_t n = width - characters;
+			  ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+			  DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+			  length += n;
+			}
+
+# if DCHAR_IS_UINT8_T
+		      {
+			size_t n = arg_end - arg;
+			ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+			DCHAR_CPY (result + length, arg, n);
+			length += n;
+		      }
+# else
+		      { /* Convert.  */
+			DCHAR_T *converted = result + length;
+			size_t converted_len = allocated - length;
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+			/* Convert from UTF-8 to locale encoding.  */
+			if (u8_conv_to_encoding (locale_charset (),
+						 iconveh_question_mark,
+						 arg, arg_end - arg, NULL,
+						 &converted, &converted_len)
+			    < 0)
+#  else
+			/* Convert from UTF-8 to UTF-16/UTF-32.  */
+			converted =
+			  U8_TO_DCHAR (arg, arg_end - arg,
+				       converted, &converted_len);
+			if (converted == NULL)
+#  endif
+			  {
+			    int saved_errno = errno;
+			    if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+			      free (result);
+			    if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+			      free (buf_malloced);
+			    CLEANUP ();
+			    errno = saved_errno;
+			    return NULL;
+			  }
+			if (converted != result + length)
+			  {
+			    ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, converted_len));
+			    DCHAR_CPY (result + length, converted, converted_len);
+			    free (converted);
+			  }
+			length += converted_len;
+		      }
+# endif
+
+		      if (has_width && width > characters
+			  && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+			{
+			  size_t n = width - characters;
+			  ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+			  DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+			  length += n;
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+
+		  case TYPE_U16_STRING:
+		    {
+		      const uint16_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_u16_string;
+		      const uint16_t *arg_end;
+		      size_t characters;
+
+		      if (has_precision)
+			{
+			  /* Use only PRECISION characters, from the left.  */
+			  arg_end = arg;
+			  characters = 0;
+			  for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+			    {
+			      int count = u16_strmblen (arg_end);
+			      if (count == 0)
+				break;
+			      if (count < 0)
+				{
+				  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+				    free (result);
+				  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+				    free (buf_malloced);
+				  CLEANUP ();
+				  errno = EILSEQ;
+				  return NULL;
+				}
+			      arg_end += count;
+			      characters++;
+			    }
+			}
+		      else if (has_width)
+			{
+			  /* Use the entire string, and count the number of
+			     characters.  */
+			  arg_end = arg;
+			  characters = 0;
+			  for (;;)
+			    {
+			      int count = u16_strmblen (arg_end);
+			      if (count == 0)
+				break;
+			      if (count < 0)
+				{
+				  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+				    free (result);
+				  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+				    free (buf_malloced);
+				  CLEANUP ();
+				  errno = EILSEQ;
+				  return NULL;
+				}
+			      arg_end += count;
+			      characters++;
+			    }
+			}
+		      else
+			{
+			  /* Use the entire string.  */
+			  arg_end = arg + u16_strlen (arg);
+			  /* The number of characters doesn't matter.  */
+			  characters = 0;
+			}
+
+		      if (has_width && width > characters
+			  && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+			{
+			  size_t n = width - characters;
+			  ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+			  DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+			  length += n;
+			}
+
+# if DCHAR_IS_UINT16_T
+		      {
+			size_t n = arg_end - arg;
+			ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+			DCHAR_CPY (result + length, arg, n);
+			length += n;
+		      }
+# else
+		      { /* Convert.  */
+			DCHAR_T *converted = result + length;
+			size_t converted_len = allocated - length;
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+			/* Convert from UTF-16 to locale encoding.  */
+			if (u16_conv_to_encoding (locale_charset (),
+						  iconveh_question_mark,
+						  arg, arg_end - arg, NULL,
+						  &converted, &converted_len)
+			    < 0)
+#  else
+			/* Convert from UTF-16 to UTF-8/UTF-32.  */
+			converted =
+			  U16_TO_DCHAR (arg, arg_end - arg,
+					converted, &converted_len);
+			if (converted == NULL)
+#  endif
+			  {
+			    int saved_errno = errno;
+			    if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+			      free (result);
+			    if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+			      free (buf_malloced);
+			    CLEANUP ();
+			    errno = saved_errno;
+			    return NULL;
+			  }
+			if (converted != result + length)
+			  {
+			    ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, converted_len));
+			    DCHAR_CPY (result + length, converted, converted_len);
+			    free (converted);
+			  }
+			length += converted_len;
+		      }
+# endif
+
+		      if (has_width && width > characters
+			  && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+			{
+			  size_t n = width - characters;
+			  ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+			  DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+			  length += n;
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+
+		  case TYPE_U32_STRING:
+		    {
+		      const uint32_t *arg = a.arg[dp->arg_index].a.a_u32_string;
+		      const uint32_t *arg_end;
+		      size_t characters;
+
+		      if (has_precision)
+			{
+			  /* Use only PRECISION characters, from the left.  */
+			  arg_end = arg;
+			  characters = 0;
+			  for (; precision > 0; precision--)
+			    {
+			      int count = u32_strmblen (arg_end);
+			      if (count == 0)
+				break;
+			      if (count < 0)
+				{
+				  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+				    free (result);
+				  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+				    free (buf_malloced);
+				  CLEANUP ();
+				  errno = EILSEQ;
+				  return NULL;
+				}
+			      arg_end += count;
+			      characters++;
+			    }
+			}
+		      else if (has_width)
+			{
+			  /* Use the entire string, and count the number of
+			     characters.  */
+			  arg_end = arg;
+			  characters = 0;
+			  for (;;)
+			    {
+			      int count = u32_strmblen (arg_end);
+			      if (count == 0)
+				break;
+			      if (count < 0)
+				{
+				  if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+				    free (result);
+				  if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+				    free (buf_malloced);
+				  CLEANUP ();
+				  errno = EILSEQ;
+				  return NULL;
+				}
+			      arg_end += count;
+			      characters++;
+			    }
+			}
+		      else
+			{
+			  /* Use the entire string.  */
+			  arg_end = arg + u32_strlen (arg);
+			  /* The number of characters doesn't matter.  */
+			  characters = 0;
+			}
+
+		      if (has_width && width > characters
+			  && !(dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+			{
+			  size_t n = width - characters;
+			  ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+			  DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+			  length += n;
+			}
+
+# if DCHAR_IS_UINT32_T
+		      {
+			size_t n = arg_end - arg;
+			ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+			DCHAR_CPY (result + length, arg, n);
+			length += n;
+		      }
+# else
+		      { /* Convert.  */
+			DCHAR_T *converted = result + length;
+			size_t converted_len = allocated - length;
+#  if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+			/* Convert from UTF-32 to locale encoding.  */
+			if (u32_conv_to_encoding (locale_charset (),
+						  iconveh_question_mark,
+						  arg, arg_end - arg, NULL,
+						  &converted, &converted_len)
+			    < 0)
+#  else
+			/* Convert from UTF-32 to UTF-8/UTF-16.  */
+			converted =
+			  U32_TO_DCHAR (arg, arg_end - arg,
+					converted, &converted_len);
+			if (converted == NULL)
+#  endif
+			  {
+			    int saved_errno = errno;
+			    if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+			      free (result);
+			    if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+			      free (buf_malloced);
+			    CLEANUP ();
+			    errno = saved_errno;
+			    return NULL;
+			  }
+			if (converted != result + length)
+			  {
+			    ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, converted_len));
+			    DCHAR_CPY (result + length, converted, converted_len);
+			    free (converted);
+			  }
+			length += converted_len;
+		      }
+# endif
+
+		      if (has_width && width > characters
+			  && (dp->flags & FLAG_LEFT))
+			{
+			  size_t n = width - characters;
+			  ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, n));
+			  DCHAR_SET (result + length, ' ', n);
+			  length += n;
+			}
+		    }
+		    break;
+
+		  default:
+		    abort ();
+		  }
+	      }
+#endif
 #if NEED_PRINTF_DIRECTIVE_A && !defined IN_LIBINTL
 	    else if (dp->conversion == 'a' || dp->conversion == 'A')
 	      {
@@ -1301,10 +1829,10 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		int has_precision;
 		size_t precision;
 		size_t tmp_length;
-		CHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
-		CHAR_T *tmp;
-		CHAR_T *pad_ptr;
-		CHAR_T *p;
+		DCHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
+		DCHAR_T *tmp;
+		DCHAR_T *pad_ptr;
+		DCHAR_T *p;
 
 		has_width = 0;
 		width = 0;
@@ -1329,7 +1857,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		      }
 		    else
 		      {
-			const CHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+			const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
 
 			do
 			  width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
@@ -1359,7 +1887,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		      }
 		    else
 		      {
-			const CHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+			const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
 
 			precision = 0;
 			while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
@@ -1391,16 +1919,16 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 
 		tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1); /* account for trailing NUL */
 
-		if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (CHAR_T))
+		if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (DCHAR_T))
 		  tmp = tmpbuf;
 		else
 		  {
-		    size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (CHAR_T));
+		    size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (DCHAR_T));
 
 		    if (size_overflow_p (tmp_memsize))
 		      /* Overflow, would lead to out of memory.  */
 		      goto out_of_memory;
-		    tmp = (CHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
+		    tmp = (DCHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
 		    if (tmp == NULL)
 		      /* Out of memory.  */
 		      goto out_of_memory;
@@ -1535,11 +2063,24 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 				  { '%', '+', 'd', '\0' };
 				SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
 			      }
-# else
-			      sprintf (p, "%+d", exponent);
-# endif
 			      while (*p != '\0')
 				p++;
+# else
+			      if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+				{
+				  sprintf ((char *) p, "%+d", exponent);
+				  while (*p != '\0')
+				    p++;
+				}
+			      else
+				{
+				  char expbuf[6 + 1];
+				  const char *ep;
+				  sprintf (expbuf, "%+d", exponent);
+				  for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+				    p++;
+				}
+# endif
 			  }
 
 			END_LONG_DOUBLE_ROUNDING ();
@@ -1669,11 +2210,24 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 				  { '%', '+', 'd', '\0' };
 				SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
 			      }
-# else
-			      sprintf (p, "%+d", exponent);
-# endif
 			      while (*p != '\0')
 				p++;
+# else
+			      if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+				{
+				  sprintf ((char *) p, "%+d", exponent);
+				  while (*p != '\0')
+				    p++;
+				}
+			      else
+				{
+				  char expbuf[6 + 1];
+				  const char *ep;
+				  sprintf (expbuf, "%+d", exponent);
+				  for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+				    p++;
+				}
+# endif
 			  }
 		      }
 		  }
@@ -1682,7 +2236,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		if (has_width && p - tmp < width)
 		  {
 		    size_t pad = width - (p - tmp);
-		    CHAR_T *end = p + pad;
+		    DCHAR_T *end = p + pad;
 
 		    if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
 		      {
@@ -1693,7 +2247,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		    else if ((flags & FLAG_ZERO) && pad_ptr != NULL)
 		      {
 			/* Pad with zeroes.  */
-			CHAR_T *q = end;
+			DCHAR_T *q = end;
 
 			while (p > pad_ptr)
 			  *--q = *--p;
@@ -1703,7 +2257,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		    else
 		      {
 			/* Pad with spaces on the left.  */
-			CHAR_T *q = end;
+			DCHAR_T *q = end;
 
 			while (p > tmp)
 			  *--q = *--p;
@@ -1731,7 +2285,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		    }
 
 		  /* Append the result.  */
-		  memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (CHAR_T));
+		  memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
 		  if (tmp != tmpbuf)
 		    free (tmp);
 		  length += count;
@@ -1770,10 +2324,10 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		int has_precision;
 		size_t precision;
 		size_t tmp_length;
-		CHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
-		CHAR_T *tmp;
-		CHAR_T *pad_ptr;
-		CHAR_T *p;
+		DCHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
+		DCHAR_T *tmp;
+		DCHAR_T *pad_ptr;
+		DCHAR_T *p;
 
 		has_width = 0;
 		width = 0;
@@ -1798,7 +2352,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		      }
 		    else
 		      {
-			const CHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+			const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
 
 			do
 			  width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
@@ -1828,7 +2382,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		      }
 		    else
 		      {
-			const CHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+			const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
 
 			precision = 0;
 			while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
@@ -1877,16 +2431,16 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 
 		tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1); /* account for trailing NUL */
 
-		if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (CHAR_T))
+		if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (DCHAR_T))
 		  tmp = tmpbuf;
 		else
 		  {
-		    size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (CHAR_T));
+		    size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (DCHAR_T));
 
 		    if (size_overflow_p (tmp_memsize))
 		      /* Overflow, would lead to out of memory.  */
 		      goto out_of_memory;
-		    tmp = (CHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
+		    tmp = (DCHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
 		    if (tmp == NULL)
 		      /* Out of memory.  */
 		      goto out_of_memory;
@@ -2065,11 +2619,24 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 				    { '%', '+', '.', '2', 'd', '\0' };
 				  SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
 				}
-#   else
-				sprintf (p, "%+.2d", exponent);
-#   endif
 				while (*p != '\0')
 				  p++;
+#   else
+				if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+				  {
+				    sprintf ((char *) p, "%+.2d", exponent);
+				    while (*p != '\0')
+				      p++;
+				  }
+				else
+				  {
+				    char expbuf[6 + 1];
+				    const char *ep;
+				    sprintf (expbuf, "%+.2d", exponent);
+				    for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+				      p++;
+				  }
+#   endif
 			      }
 			    else if (dp->conversion == 'g' || dp->conversion == 'G')
 			      {
@@ -2209,11 +2776,24 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 					    { '%', '+', '.', '2', 'd', '\0' };
 					  SNPRINTF (p, 6 + 1, decimal_format, exponent);
 					}
-#   else
-					sprintf (p, "%+.2d", exponent);
-#   endif
 					while (*p != '\0')
 					  p++;
+#   else
+					if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) == 1)
+					  {
+					    sprintf ((char *) p, "%+.2d", exponent);
+					    while (*p != '\0')
+					      p++;
+					  }
+					else
+					  {
+					    char expbuf[6 + 1];
+					    const char *ep;
+					    sprintf (expbuf, "%+.2d", exponent);
+					    for (ep = expbuf; (*p = *ep) != '\0'; ep++)
+					      p++;
+					  }
+#   endif
 				      }
 
 				    free (digits);
@@ -2338,7 +2918,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		if (has_width && p - tmp < width)
 		  {
 		    size_t pad = width - (p - tmp);
-		    CHAR_T *end = p + pad;
+		    DCHAR_T *end = p + pad;
 
 		    if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
 		      {
@@ -2349,7 +2929,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		    else if ((flags & FLAG_ZERO) && pad_ptr != NULL)
 		      {
 			/* Pad with zeroes.  */
-			CHAR_T *q = end;
+			DCHAR_T *q = end;
 
 			while (p > pad_ptr)
 			  *--q = *--p;
@@ -2359,7 +2939,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		    else
 		      {
 			/* Pad with spaces on the left.  */
-			CHAR_T *q = end;
+			DCHAR_T *q = end;
 
 			while (p > tmp)
 			  *--q = *--p;
@@ -2387,7 +2967,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		    }
 
 		  /* Append the result.  */
-		  memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (CHAR_T));
+		  memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
 		  if (tmp != tmpbuf)
 		    free (tmp);
 		  length += count;
@@ -2398,25 +2978,25 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 	      {
 		arg_type type = a.arg[dp->arg_index].type;
 		int flags = dp->flags;
-#if !USE_SNPRINTF || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
 		int has_width;
 		size_t width;
 #endif
-#if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
 		int pad_ourselves;
 #else
 #		define pad_ourselves 0
 #endif
-		CHAR_T *fbp;
+		TCHAR_T *fbp;
 		unsigned int prefix_count;
 		int prefixes[2];
 #if !USE_SNPRINTF
 		size_t tmp_length;
-		CHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
-		CHAR_T *tmp;
+		TCHAR_T tmpbuf[700];
+		TCHAR_T *tmp;
 #endif
 
-#if !USE_SNPRINTF || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF || !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
 		has_width = 0;
 		width = 0;
 		if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
@@ -2440,7 +3020,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		      }
 		    else
 		      {
-			const CHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
+			const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->width_start;
 
 			do
 			  width = xsum (xtimes (width, 10), *digitp++ - '0');
@@ -2470,7 +3050,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 			}
 		      else
 			{
-			  const CHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
+			  const FCHAR_T *digitp = dp->precision_start + 1;
 
 			  precision = 0;
 			  while (digitp != dp->precision_end)
@@ -2650,22 +3230,32 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		      abort ();
 		    }
 
+# if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+		  /* Padding considers the number of characters, therefore the
+		     number of elements after padding may be
+		       > max (tmp_length, width)
+		     but is certainly
+		       <= tmp_length + width.  */
+		  tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, width);
+# else
+		  /* Padding considers the number of elements, says POSIX.  */
 		  if (tmp_length < width)
 		    tmp_length = width;
+# endif
 
 		  tmp_length = xsum (tmp_length, 1); /* account for trailing NUL */
 		}
 
-		if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (CHAR_T))
+		if (tmp_length <= sizeof (tmpbuf) / sizeof (TCHAR_T))
 		  tmp = tmpbuf;
 		else
 		  {
-		    size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (CHAR_T));
+		    size_t tmp_memsize = xtimes (tmp_length, sizeof (TCHAR_T));
 
 		    if (size_overflow_p (tmp_memsize))
 		      /* Overflow, would lead to out of memory.  */
 		      goto out_of_memory;
-		    tmp = (CHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
+		    tmp = (TCHAR_T *) malloc (tmp_memsize);
 		    if (tmp == NULL)
 		      /* Out of memory.  */
 		      goto out_of_memory;
@@ -2673,11 +3263,20 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 #endif
 
 		/* Decide whether to perform the padding ourselves.  */
-#if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
 		switch (dp->conversion)
 		  {
+# if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+		  /* If we need conversion from TCHAR_T[] to DCHAR_T[], we need
+		     to perform the padding after this conversion.  Functions
+		     with unistdio extensions perform the padding based on
+		     character count rather than element count.  */
+		  case 'c': case 's':
+# endif
+# if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
 		  case 'f': case 'F': case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G':
 		  case 'a': case 'A':
+# endif
 		    pad_ourselves = 1;
 		    break;
 		  default:
@@ -2713,15 +3312,39 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		    if (dp->width_start != dp->width_end)
 		      {
 			size_t n = dp->width_end - dp->width_start;
-			memcpy (fbp, dp->width_start, n * sizeof (CHAR_T));
-			fbp += n;
+			/* The width specification is known to consist only
+			   of standard ASCII characters.  */
+			if (sizeof (FCHAR_T) == sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+			  {
+			    memcpy (fbp, dp->width_start, n * sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+			    fbp += n;
+			  }
+			else
+			  {
+			    const FCHAR_T *mp = dp->width_start;
+			    do
+			      *fbp++ = (unsigned char) *mp++;
+			    while (--n > 0);
+			  }
 		      }
 		  }
 		if (dp->precision_start != dp->precision_end)
 		  {
 		    size_t n = dp->precision_end - dp->precision_start;
-		    memcpy (fbp, dp->precision_start, n * sizeof (CHAR_T));
-		    fbp += n;
+		    /* The precision specification is known to consist only
+		       of standard ASCII characters.  */
+		    if (sizeof (FCHAR_T) == sizeof (TCHAR_T))
+		      {
+		        memcpy (fbp, dp->precision_start, n * sizeof (TCHAR_T));
+		        fbp += n;
+		      }
+		    else
+		      {
+			const FCHAR_T *mp = dp->precision_start;
+			do
+			  *fbp++ = (unsigned char) *mp++;
+			while (--n > 0);
+		      }
 		  }
 
 		switch (type)
@@ -2785,39 +3408,46 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		  }
 
 #if USE_SNPRINTF
+		/* The SNPRINTF result is appended after result[0..length].
+		   The latter is an array of DCHAR_T; SNPRINTF appends an
+		   array of TCHAR_T to it.  This is possible because
+		   sizeof (TCHAR_T) divides sizeof (DCHAR_T) and
+		   alignof (TCHAR_T) <= alignof (DCHAR_T).  */
+# define TCHARS_PER_DCHAR (sizeof (DCHAR_T) / sizeof (TCHAR_T))
 		/* Prepare checking whether snprintf returns the count
 		   via %n.  */
 		ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, 1));
-		result[length] = '\0';
+		*(TCHAR_T *) (result + length) = '\0';
 #endif
 
 		for (;;)
 		  {
-		    size_t maxlen;
-		    int count;
-		    int retcount;
-
-		    maxlen = allocated - length;
-		    count = -1;
-		    retcount = 0;
+		    int count = -1;
 
 #if USE_SNPRINTF
-		    /* SNPRINTF can fail if maxlen > INT_MAX.  */
-		    if (maxlen > INT_MAX)
+		    int retcount = 0;
+		    size_t maxlen = allocated - length;
+		    /* SNPRINTF can fail if its second argument is
+		       > INT_MAX.  */
+		    if (maxlen > INT_MAX / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR)
 		      goto overflow;
+		    maxlen = maxlen * TCHARS_PER_DCHAR;
 # define SNPRINTF_BUF(arg) \
 		    switch (prefix_count)				    \
 		      {							    \
 		      case 0:						    \
-			retcount = SNPRINTF (result + length, maxlen, buf,  \
+			retcount = SNPRINTF ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length), \
+					     maxlen, buf,		    \
 					     arg, &count);		    \
 			break;						    \
 		      case 1:						    \
-			retcount = SNPRINTF (result + length, maxlen, buf,  \
+			retcount = SNPRINTF ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length), \
+					     maxlen, buf,		    \
 					     prefixes[0], arg, &count);	    \
 			break;						    \
 		      case 2:						    \
-			retcount = SNPRINTF (result + length, maxlen, buf,  \
+			retcount = SNPRINTF ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length), \
+					     maxlen, buf,		    \
 					     prefixes[0], prefixes[1], arg, \
 					     &count);			    \
 			break;						    \
@@ -2966,7 +3596,8 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		      {
 			/* Verify that snprintf() has NUL-terminated its
 			   result.  */
-			if (count < maxlen && result[length + count] != '\0')
+			if (count < maxlen
+			    && ((TCHAR_T *) (result + length)) [count] != '\0')
 			  abort ();
 			/* Portability hack.  */
 			if (retcount > count)
@@ -3016,109 +3647,245 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 			return NULL;
 		      }
 
-		    /* Make room for the result.  */
+#if USE_SNPRINTF
+		    /* Handle overflow of the allocated buffer.  */
 		    if (count >= maxlen)
 		      {
-			/* Need at least count bytes.  But allocate
-			   proportionally, to avoid looping eternally if
-			   snprintf() reports a too small count.  */
+			/* Need at least count * sizeof (TCHAR_T) bytes.  But
+			   allocate proportionally, to avoid looping eternally
+			   if snprintf() reports a too small count.  */
 			size_t n =
-			  xmax (xsum (length, count), xtimes (allocated, 2));
+			  xmax (xsum (length,
+				      (count + TCHARS_PER_DCHAR - 1)
+				      / TCHARS_PER_DCHAR),
+				xtimes (allocated, 2));
 
 			ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
-#if USE_SNPRINTF
 			continue;
-#else
-			maxlen = allocated - length;
-#endif
 		      }
+#endif
 
-		    /* Perform padding.  */
-#if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
-		    if (pad_ourselves && has_width && count < width)
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+# if !USE_SNPRINTF
+		    if (count >= tmp_length)
+		      /* tmp_length was incorrectly calculated - fix the
+			 code above!  */
+		      abort ();
+# endif
+
+		    /* Convert from TCHAR_T[] to DCHAR_T[].  */
+		    if (dp->conversion == 'c' || dp->conversion == 's')
 		      {
+			/* type = TYPE_CHAR or TYPE_WIDE_CHAR or TYPE_STRING
+			   TYPE_WIDE_STRING.
+			   The result string is not certainly ASCII.  */
+			const TCHAR_T *tmpsrc;
+			DCHAR_T *tmpdst;
+			size_t tmpdst_len;
+			/* This code assumes that TCHAR_T is 'char'.  */
+			typedef int TCHAR_T_verify
+				    [2 * (sizeof (TCHAR_T) == 1) - 1];
 # if USE_SNPRINTF
-			/* Make room for the result.  */
-			if (width >= maxlen)
+			tmpsrc = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+# else
+			tmpsrc = tmp;
+# endif
+			tmpdst = NULL;
+			tmpdst_len = 0;
+			if (DCHAR_CONV_FROM_ENCODING (locale_charset (),
+						      iconveh_question_mark,
+						      tmpsrc, count,
+						      NULL,
+						      &tmpdst, &tmpdst_len)
+			    < 0)
 			  {
-			    /* Need at least width bytes.  But allocate
-			       proportionally, to avoid looping eternally if
-			       snprintf() reports a too small count.  */
-			    size_t n =
-			      xmax (xsum (length + 1, width),
-				    xtimes (allocated, 2));
-
-			    length += count;
-			    ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
-			    length -= count;
-			    maxlen = allocated - length; /* > width */
+			    int saved_errno = errno;
+			    if (!(result == resultbuf || result == NULL))
+			      free (result);
+			    if (buf_malloced != NULL)
+			      free (buf_malloced);
+			    CLEANUP ();
+			    errno = saved_errno;
+			    return NULL;
 			  }
-			/* Here width < maxlen.  */
+			ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, tmpdst_len));
+			DCHAR_CPY (result + length, tmpdst, tmpdst_len);
+			free (tmpdst);
+			count = tmpdst_len;
+		      }
+		    else
+		      {
+			/* The result string is ASCII.
+			   Simple 1:1 conversion.  */
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+			/* If sizeof (DCHAR_T) == sizeof (TCHAR_T), it's a
+			   no-op conversion, in-place on the array starting
+			   at (result + length).  */
+			if (sizeof (DCHAR_T) != sizeof (TCHAR_T))
 # endif
-			{
+			  {
+			    const TCHAR_T *tmpsrc;
+			    DCHAR_T *tmpdst;
+			    size_t n;
+
 # if USE_SNPRINTF
-			  CHAR_T * const rp = result + length;
+			    if (result == resultbuf)
+			      {
+				tmpsrc = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+				/* ENSURE_ALLOCATION will not move tmpsrc
+				   (because it's part of resultbuf).  */
+				ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, count));
+			      }
+			    else
+			      {
+				/* ENSURE_ALLOCATION will move the array
+				   (because it uses realloc().  */
+				ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, count));
+				tmpsrc = (TCHAR_T *) (result + length);
+			      }
 # else
-			  CHAR_T * const rp = tmp;
+			    tmpsrc = tmp;
+			    ENSURE_ALLOCATION (xsum (length, count));
 # endif
-			  CHAR_T *p = rp + count;
-			  size_t pad = width - count;
-			  CHAR_T *end = p + pad;
-			  CHAR_T *pad_ptr = (*rp == '-' ? rp + 1 : rp);
-			  /* No zero-padding of "inf" and "nan".  */
-			  if ((*pad_ptr >= 'A' && *pad_ptr <= 'Z')
-			      || (*pad_ptr >= 'a' && *pad_ptr <= 'z'))
-			    pad_ptr = NULL;
-			  /* The generated string now extends from rp to p,
-			     with the zero padding insertion point being at
-			     pad_ptr.  */
-
-			  if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
-			    {
-			      /* Pad with spaces on the right.  */
-			      for (; pad > 0; pad--)
-				*p++ = ' ';
-			    }
-			  else if ((flags & FLAG_ZERO) && pad_ptr != NULL)
-			    {
-			      /* Pad with zeroes.  */
-			      CHAR_T *q = end;
+			    tmpdst = result + length;
+			    /* Copy backwards, because of overlapping.  */
+			    tmpsrc += count;
+			    tmpdst += count;
+			    for (n = count; n > 0; n--)
+			      *--tmpdst = (unsigned char) *--tmpsrc;
+			  }
+		      }
+#endif
 
-			      while (p > pad_ptr)
-				*--q = *--p;
-			      for (; pad > 0; pad--)
-				*p++ = '0';
-			    }
-			  else
+#if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR && !USE_SNPRINTF
+		    /* Make room for the result.  */
+		    if (count > allocated - length)
+		      {
+			/* Need at least count elements.  But allocate
+			   proportionally.  */
+			size_t n =
+			  xmax (xsum (length, count), xtimes (allocated, 2));
+
+			ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+		      }
+#endif
+
+		    /* Here count <= allocated - length.  */
+
+		    /* Perform padding.  */
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || ENABLE_UNISTDIO || NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
+		    if (pad_ourselves && has_width)
+		      {
+			size_t w;
+# if ENABLE_UNISTDIO
+			/* Outside POSIX, it's preferrable to compare the width
+			   against the number of _characters_ of the converted
+			   value.  */
+			w = DCHAR_MBSNLEN (result + length, count);
+# else
+			/* The width is compared against the number of _bytes_
+			   of the converted value, says POSIX.  */
+			w = count;
+# endif
+			if (w < width)
+			  {
+			    size_t pad = width - w;
+# if USE_SNPRINTF
+			    /* Make room for the result.  */
+			    if (xsum (count, pad) > allocated - length)
+			      {
+				/* Need at least count + pad elements.  But
+				   allocate proportionally.  */
+				size_t n =
+				  xmax (xsum3 (length, count, pad),
+					xtimes (allocated, 2));
+
+				length += count;
+				ENSURE_ALLOCATION (n);
+				length -= count;
+			      }
+			    /* Here count + pad <= allocated - length.  */
+# endif
 			    {
-			      /* Pad with spaces on the left.  */
-			      CHAR_T *q = end;
+# if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || USE_SNPRINTF
+			      DCHAR_T * const rp = result + length;
+# else
+			      DCHAR_T * const rp = tmp;
+# endif
+			      DCHAR_T *p = rp + count;
+			      DCHAR_T *end = p + pad;
+# if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
+			      DCHAR_T *pad_ptr;
+#  if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR
+			      if (dp->conversion == 'c'
+				  || dp->conversion == 's')
+				/* No zero-padding for string directives.  */
+				pad_ptr = NULL;
+			      else
+#  endif
+				{
+				  pad_ptr = (*rp == '-' ? rp + 1 : rp);
+				  /* No zero-padding of "inf" and "nan".  */
+				  if ((*pad_ptr >= 'A' && *pad_ptr <= 'Z')
+				      || (*pad_ptr >= 'a' && *pad_ptr <= 'z'))
+				    pad_ptr = NULL;
+				}
+# endif
+			      /* The generated string now extends from rp to p,
+				 with the zero padding insertion point being at
+				 pad_ptr.  */
 
-			      while (p > rp)
-				*--q = *--p;
-			      for (; pad > 0; pad--)
-				*p++ = ' ';
-			    }
+			      count = count + pad; /* = end - rp */
 
-			  count = width; /* = count + pad = end - rp */
-			}
+			      if (flags & FLAG_LEFT)
+				{
+				  /* Pad with spaces on the right.  */
+				  for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+				    *p++ = ' ';
+				}
+# if NEED_PRINTF_FLAG_ZERO
+			      else if ((flags & FLAG_ZERO) && pad_ptr != NULL)
+				{
+				  /* Pad with zeroes.  */
+				  DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+				  while (p > pad_ptr)
+				    *--q = *--p;
+				  for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+				    *p++ = '0';
+				}
+# endif
+			      else
+				{
+				  /* Pad with spaces on the left.  */
+				  DCHAR_T *q = end;
+
+				  while (p > rp)
+				    *--q = *--p;
+				  for (; pad > 0; pad--)
+				    *p++ = ' ';
+				}
+			    }
+			  }
 		      }
 #endif
 
-#if !USE_SNPRINTF
+#if DCHAR_IS_TCHAR && !USE_SNPRINTF
 		    if (count >= tmp_length)
 		      /* tmp_length was incorrectly calculated - fix the
 			 code above!  */
 		      abort ();
 #endif
 
-		    /* Here still count < maxlen.  */
+		    /* Here still count <= allocated - length.  */
 
-#if USE_SNPRINTF
+#if !DCHAR_IS_TCHAR || USE_SNPRINTF
 		    /* The snprintf() result did fit.  */
 #else
 		    /* Append the sprintf() result.  */
-		    memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (CHAR_T));
+		    memcpy (result + length, tmp, count * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
+#endif
+#if !USE_SNPRINTF
 		    if (tmp != tmpbuf)
 		      free (tmp);
 #endif
@@ -3127,7 +3894,7 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
 		    if (dp->conversion == 'F')
 		      {
 			/* Convert the %f result to upper case for %F.  */
-			CHAR_T *rp = result + length;
+			DCHAR_T *rp = result + length;
 			size_t rc;
 			for (rc = count; rc > 0; rc--, rp++)
 			  if (*rp >= 'a' && *rp <= 'z')
@@ -3149,9 +3916,9 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
     if (result != resultbuf && length + 1 < allocated)
       {
 	/* Shrink the allocated memory if possible.  */
-	CHAR_T *memory;
+	DCHAR_T *memory;
 
-	memory = (CHAR_T *) realloc (result, (length + 1) * sizeof (CHAR_T));
+	memory = (DCHAR_T *) realloc (result, (length + 1) * sizeof (DCHAR_T));
 	if (memory != NULL)
 	  result = memory;
       }
@@ -3187,10 +3954,13 @@ VASNPRINTF (CHAR_T *resultbuf, size_t *lengthp, const CHAR_T *format, va_list ar
   }
 }
 
+#undef TCHARS_PER_DCHAR
 #undef SNPRINTF
 #undef USE_SNPRINTF
 #undef PRINTF_PARSE
 #undef DIRECTIVES
 #undef DIRECTIVE
-#undef CHAR_T
+#undef TCHAR_T
+#undef DCHAR_T
+#undef FCHAR_T
 #undef VASNPRINTF