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Next: <a href="How-to-use-GnuTLS-in-applications.html#How-to-use-GnuTLS-in-applications" accesskey="n" rel="next">How to use GnuTLS in applications</a>, Previous: <a href="Authentication-methods.html#Authentication-methods" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Authentication methods</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Function-and-Data-Index.html#Function-and-Data-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<hr>
<a name="Hardware-security-modules-and-abstract-key-types-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">5 Hardware security modules and abstract key types</h2>
<p>In several cases storing the long term cryptographic keys in a hard disk or
even in memory poses a significant risk. Once the system they are stored
is compromised the keys must be replaced as the secrecy of future sessions
is no longer guarranteed. Moreover, past sessions that were not protected by a
perfect forward secrecy offering ciphersuite are also to be assumed compromised.
</p>
<p>If such threats need to be addressed, then it may be wise storing the keys in a security
module such as a smart card, an HSM or the TPM chip. Those modules ensure the
protection of the cryptographic keys by only allowing operations on them and
preventing their extraction.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Abstract-key-types.html#Abstract-key-types" accesskey="1">Abstract key types</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Smart-cards-and-HSMs.html#Smart-cards-and-HSMs" accesskey="2">Smart cards and HSMs</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Trusted-Platform-Module.html#Trusted-Platform-Module" accesskey="3">Trusted Platform Module</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
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