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<title>GnuTLS 3.4.8: Verifying X.509 certificate paths</title>

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<a name="Verifying-X_002e509-certificate-paths"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="Verifying-a-certificate-in-the-context-of-TLS-session.html#Verifying-a-certificate-in-the-context-of-TLS-session" accesskey="n" rel="next">Verifying a certificate in the context of TLS session</a>, Previous: <a href="X_002e509-public-and-private-keys.html#X_002e509-public-and-private-keys" accesskey="p" rel="prev">X.509 public and private keys</a>, Up: <a href="X_002e509-certificates.html#X_002e509-certificates" accesskey="u" rel="up">X.509 certificates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Function-and-Data-Index.html#Function-and-Data-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="Verifying-X_002e509-certificate-paths-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsubsection">4.1.1.7 Verifying <acronym>X.509</acronym> certificate paths</h4>
<a name="index-verifying-certificate-paths"></a>

<p>Verifying certificate paths is important in <acronym>X.509</acronym>
authentication. For this purpose the following functions are
provided.
</p>




<dl>
<dt><a name="index-gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fadd_005fcas"></a>Function: <em>int</em> <strong>gnutls_x509_trust_list_add_cas</strong> <em>(gnutls_x509_trust_list_t <var>list</var>, const gnutls_x509_crt_t * <var>clist</var>, unsigned <var>clist_size</var>, unsigned int <var>flags</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p><var>list</var>: The list
</p>
<p><var>clist</var>: A list of CAs
</p>
<p><var>clist_size</var>: The length of the CA list
</p>
<p><var>flags</var>: should be 0 or an or&rsquo;ed sequence of <code>GNUTLS_TL</code>  options.
</p>
<p>This function will add the given certificate authorities
to the trusted list. The list of CAs must not be deinitialized
during this structure&rsquo;s lifetime.
</p>
<p>If the flag <code>GNUTLS_TL_NO_DUPLICATES</code>  is specified, then
the provided  <code>clist</code> entries that are duplicates will not be
added to the list and will be deinitialized.
</p>
<p><strong>Returns:</strong> The number of added elements is returned.
</p>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> 3.0.0
</p></dd></dl>




<dl>
<dt><a name="index-gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fadd_005fnamed_005fcrt"></a>Function: <em>int</em> <strong>gnutls_x509_trust_list_add_named_crt</strong> <em>(gnutls_x509_trust_list_t <var>list</var>, gnutls_x509_crt_t <var>cert</var>, const void * <var>name</var>, size_t <var>name_size</var>, unsigned int <var>flags</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p><var>list</var>: The list
</p>
<p><var>cert</var>: A certificate
</p>
<p><var>name</var>: An identifier for the certificate
</p>
<p><var>name_size</var>: The size of the identifier
</p>
<p><var>flags</var>: should be 0.
</p>
<p>This function will add the given certificate to the trusted
list and associate it with a name. The certificate will not be
be used for verification with <code>gnutls_x509_trust_list_verify_crt()</code> 
but with <code>gnutls_x509_trust_list_verify_named_crt()</code>  or
<code>gnutls_x509_trust_list_verify_crt2()</code>  - the latter only since
GnuTLS 3.4.0 and if a hostname is provided.
</p>
<p>In principle this function can be used to set individual &quot;server&quot;
certificates that are trusted by the user for that specific server
but for no other purposes.
</p>
<p>The certificate must not be deinitialized during the lifetime
of the trusted list.
</p>
<p><strong>Returns:</strong> On success, <code>GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS</code>  (0) is returned, otherwise a
negative error value.
</p>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> 3.0.0
</p></dd></dl>




<dl>
<dt><a name="index-gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fadd_005fcrls"></a>Function: <em>int</em> <strong>gnutls_x509_trust_list_add_crls</strong> <em>(gnutls_x509_trust_list_t <var>list</var>, const gnutls_x509_crl_t * <var>crl_list</var>, int <var>crl_size</var>, unsigned int <var>flags</var>, unsigned int <var>verification_flags</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p><var>list</var>: The list
</p>
<p><var>crl_list</var>: A list of CRLs
</p>
<p><var>crl_size</var>: The length of the CRL list
</p>
<p><var>flags</var>: if GNUTLS_TL_VERIFY_CRL is given the CRLs will be verified before being added.
</p>
<p><var>verification_flags</var>: gnutls_certificate_verify_flags if flags specifies GNUTLS_TL_VERIFY_CRL
</p>
<p>This function will add the given certificate revocation lists
to the trusted list. The list of CRLs must not be deinitialized
during this structure&rsquo;s lifetime.
</p>
<p>This function must be called after <code>gnutls_x509_trust_list_add_cas()</code> 
to allow verifying the CRLs for validity. If the flag <code>GNUTLS_TL_NO_DUPLICATES</code> 
is given, then any provided CRLs that are a duplicate, will be deinitialized
and not added to the list (that assumes that <code>gnutls_x509_trust_list_deinit()</code> 
will be called with all=1).
</p>
<p><strong>Returns:</strong> The number of added elements is returned.
</p>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> 3.0
</p></dd></dl>




<dl>
<dt><a name="index-gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fverify_005fcrt"></a>Function: <em>int</em> <strong>gnutls_x509_trust_list_verify_crt</strong> <em>(gnutls_x509_trust_list_t <var>list</var>, gnutls_x509_crt_t * <var>cert_list</var>, unsigned int <var>cert_list_size</var>, unsigned int <var>flags</var>, unsigned int * <var>voutput</var>, gnutls_verify_output_function <var>func</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p><var>list</var>: The list
</p>
<p><var>cert_list</var>: is the certificate list to be verified
</p>
<p><var>cert_list_size</var>: is the certificate list size
</p>
<p><var>flags</var>: Flags that may be used to change the verification algorithm. Use OR of the gnutls_certificate_verify_flags enumerations.
</p>
<p><var>voutput</var>: will hold the certificate verification output.
</p>
<p><var>func</var>: If non-null will be called on each chain element verification with the output.
</p>
<p>This function will try to verify the given certificate and return
its status. The  <code>voutput</code> parameter will hold an OR&rsquo;ed sequence of
<code>gnutls_certificate_status_t</code>  flags.
</p>
<p>The details of the verification are the same as in <code>gnutls_x509_trust_list_verify_crt2()</code> .
</p>
<p><strong>Returns:</strong> On success, <code>GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS</code>  (0) is returned, otherwise a
negative error value.
</p>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> 3.0
</p></dd></dl>




<dl>
<dt><a name="index-gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fverify_005fcrt2"></a>Function: <em>int</em> <strong>gnutls_x509_trust_list_verify_crt2</strong> <em>(gnutls_x509_trust_list_t <var>list</var>, gnutls_x509_crt_t * <var>cert_list</var>, unsigned int <var>cert_list_size</var>, gnutls_typed_vdata_st * <var>data</var>, unsigned int <var>elements</var>, unsigned int <var>flags</var>, unsigned int * <var>voutput</var>, gnutls_verify_output_function <var>func</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p><var>list</var>: The list
</p>
<p><var>cert_list</var>: is the certificate list to be verified
</p>
<p><var>cert_list_size</var>: is the certificate list size
</p>
<p><var>data</var>: an array of typed data
</p>
<p><var>elements</var>: the number of data elements
</p>
<p><var>flags</var>: Flags that may be used to change the verification algorithm. Use OR of the gnutls_certificate_verify_flags enumerations.
</p>
<p><var>voutput</var>: will hold the certificate verification output.
</p>
<p><var>func</var>: If non-null will be called on each chain element verification with the output.
</p>
<p>This function will attempt to verify the given certificate and return
its status. The  <code>voutput</code> parameter will hold an OR&rsquo;ed sequence of
<code>gnutls_certificate_status_t</code>  flags. When a chain of  <code>cert_list_size</code> with 
more than one certificates is provided, the verification status will apply
to the first certificate in the chain that failed verification. The
verification process starts from the end of the chain (from CA to end
certificate).
</p>
<p>Additionally a certificate verification profile can be specified
from the ones in <code>gnutls_certificate_verification_profiles_t</code>  by
ORing the result of <code>GNUTLS_PROFILE_TO_VFLAGS()</code>  to the verification
flags.
</p>
<p>The acceptable  <code>data</code> types are <code>GNUTLS_DT_DNS_HOSTNAME</code>  and <code>GNUTLS_DT_KEY_PURPOSE_OID</code> .
The former accepts as data a null-terminated hostname, and the latter a null-terminated
object identifier (e.g., <code>GNUTLS_KP_TLS_WWW_SERVER</code> ).
If a DNS hostname is provided then this function will compare
the hostname in the certificate against the given. If names do not match the 
<code>GNUTLS_CERT_UNEXPECTED_OWNER</code>  status flag will be set. In addition it
will consider certificates provided with <code>gnutls_x509_trust_list_add_named_crt()</code> .
</p>
<p>If a key purpose OID is provided and the end-certificate contains the extended key
usage PKIX extension, it will be required to match the provided OID
or be marked for any purpose, otherwise verification will fail with 
<code>GNUTLS_CERT_PURPOSE_MISMATCH</code>  status.
</p>
<p><strong>Returns:</strong> On success, <code>GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS</code>  (0) is returned, otherwise a
negative error value. Note that verification failure will not result to an
error code, only  <code>voutput</code> will be updated.
</p>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> 3.3.8
</p></dd></dl>




<dl>
<dt><a name="index-gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fverify_005fnamed_005fcrt"></a>Function: <em>int</em> <strong>gnutls_x509_trust_list_verify_named_crt</strong> <em>(gnutls_x509_trust_list_t <var>list</var>, gnutls_x509_crt_t <var>cert</var>, const void * <var>name</var>, size_t <var>name_size</var>, unsigned int <var>flags</var>, unsigned int * <var>voutput</var>, gnutls_verify_output_function <var>func</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p><var>list</var>: The list
</p>
<p><var>cert</var>: is the certificate to be verified
</p>
<p><var>name</var>: is the certificate&rsquo;s name
</p>
<p><var>name_size</var>: is the certificate&rsquo;s name size
</p>
<p><var>flags</var>: Flags that may be used to change the verification algorithm. Use OR of the gnutls_certificate_verify_flags enumerations.
</p>
<p><var>voutput</var>: will hold the certificate verification output.
</p>
<p><var>func</var>: If non-null will be called on each chain element verification with the output.
</p>
<p>This function will try to find a certificate that is associated with the provided
name &ndash;see <code>gnutls_x509_trust_list_add_named_crt()</code> . If a match is found the
certificate is considered valid. In addition to that this function will also 
check CRLs. The  <code>voutput</code> parameter will hold an OR&rsquo;ed sequence of 
<code>gnutls_certificate_status_t</code>  flags.
</p>
<p>Additionally a certificate verification profile can be specified
from the ones in <code>gnutls_certificate_verification_profiles_t</code>  by
ORing the result of <code>GNUTLS_PROFILE_TO_VFLAGS()</code>  to the verification
flags.
</p>
<p><strong>Returns:</strong> On success, <code>GNUTLS_E_SUCCESS</code>  (0) is returned, otherwise a
negative error value.
</p>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> 3.0.0
</p></dd></dl>





<dl>
<dt><a name="index-gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fadd_005ftrust_005ffile"></a>Function: <em>int</em> <strong>gnutls_x509_trust_list_add_trust_file</strong> <em>(gnutls_x509_trust_list_t <var>list</var>, const char * <var>ca_file</var>, const char * <var>crl_file</var>, gnutls_x509_crt_fmt_t <var>type</var>, unsigned int <var>tl_flags</var>, unsigned int <var>tl_vflags</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p><var>list</var>: The list
</p>
<p><var>ca_file</var>: A file containing a list of CAs (optional)
</p>
<p><var>crl_file</var>: A file containing a list of CRLs (optional)
</p>
<p><var>type</var>: The format of the certificates
</p>
<p><var>tl_flags</var>: GNUTLS_TL_*
</p>
<p><var>tl_vflags</var>: gnutls_certificate_verify_flags if flags specifies GNUTLS_TL_VERIFY_CRL
</p>
<p>This function will add the given certificate authorities
to the trusted list. PKCS <code>11</code>  URLs are also accepted, instead
of files, by this function. A PKCS <code>11</code>  URL implies a trust
database (a specially marked module in p11-kit); the URL &quot;pkcs11:&quot;
implies all trust databases in the system. Only a single URL specifying
trust databases can be set; they cannot be stacked with multiple calls.
</p>
<p><strong>Returns:</strong> The number of added elements is returned.
</p>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> 3.1
</p></dd></dl>




<dl>
<dt><a name="index-gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fadd_005ftrust_005fmem"></a>Function: <em>int</em> <strong>gnutls_x509_trust_list_add_trust_mem</strong> <em>(gnutls_x509_trust_list_t <var>list</var>, const gnutls_datum_t * <var>cas</var>, const gnutls_datum_t * <var>crls</var>, gnutls_x509_crt_fmt_t <var>type</var>, unsigned int <var>tl_flags</var>, unsigned int <var>tl_vflags</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p><var>list</var>: The list
</p>
<p><var>cas</var>: A buffer containing a list of CAs (optional)
</p>
<p><var>crls</var>: A buffer containing a list of CRLs (optional)
</p>
<p><var>type</var>: The format of the certificates
</p>
<p><var>tl_flags</var>: GNUTLS_TL_*
</p>
<p><var>tl_vflags</var>: gnutls_certificate_verify_flags if flags specifies GNUTLS_TL_VERIFY_CRL
</p>
<p>This function will add the given certificate authorities
to the trusted list. 
</p>
<p><strong>Returns:</strong> The number of added elements is returned.
</p>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> 3.1
</p></dd></dl>




<dl>
<dt><a name="index-gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fadd_005fsystem_005ftrust"></a>Function: <em>int</em> <strong>gnutls_x509_trust_list_add_system_trust</strong> <em>(gnutls_x509_trust_list_t <var>list</var>, unsigned int <var>tl_flags</var>, unsigned int <var>tl_vflags</var>)</em></dt>
<dd><p><var>list</var>: The structure of the list
</p>
<p><var>tl_flags</var>: GNUTLS_TL_*
</p>
<p><var>tl_vflags</var>: gnutls_certificate_verify_flags if flags specifies GNUTLS_TL_VERIFY_CRL
</p>
<p>This function adds the system&rsquo;s default trusted certificate
authorities to the trusted list. Note that on unsupported systems
this function returns <code>GNUTLS_E_UNIMPLEMENTED_FEATURE</code> .
</p>
<p>This function implies the flag <code>GNUTLS_TL_NO_DUPLICATES</code> .
</p>
<p><strong>Returns:</strong> The number of added elements or a negative error code on error.
</p>
<p><strong>Since:</strong> 3.1
</p></dd></dl>

<p>The verification function will verify a given certificate chain against a list of certificate
authorities and certificate revocation lists, and output
a bit-wise OR of elements of the <code>gnutls_certificate_status_t</code> 
enumeration shown in <a href="#gnutls_005fcertificate_005fstatus_005ft">Figure 4.2</a>. The <code>GNUTLS_CERT_INVALID</code> flag
is always set on a verification error and more detailed flags will also be set when appropriate.
</p>
<div class="float"><a name="gnutls_005fcertificate_005fstatus_005ft"></a>


<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_INVALID</code></dt>
<dd><p>The certificate is not signed by one of the
known authorities or the signature is invalid (deprecated by the flags 
<code>GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE</code>  and <code>GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_FOUND</code> ).
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_REVOKED</code></dt>
<dd><p>Certificate is revoked by its authority.  In X.509 this will be
set only if CRLs are checked.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_FOUND</code></dt>
<dd><p>The certificate&rsquo;s issuer is not known. 
This is the case if the issuer is not included in the trusted certificate list.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_NOT_CA</code></dt>
<dd><p>The certificate&rsquo;s signer was not a CA. This
may happen if this was a version 1 certificate, which is common with 
some CAs, or a version 3 certificate without the basic constrains extension.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_INSECURE_ALGORITHM</code></dt>
<dd><p>The certificate was signed using an insecure
algorithm such as MD2 or MD5. These algorithms have been broken and
should not be trusted.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_NOT_ACTIVATED</code></dt>
<dd><p>The certificate is not yet activated.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_EXPIRED</code></dt>
<dd><p>The certificate has expired.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNATURE_FAILURE</code></dt>
<dd><p>The signature verification failed.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_REVOCATION_DATA_SUPERSEDED</code></dt>
<dd><p>The revocation data are old and have been superseded.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_UNEXPECTED_OWNER</code></dt>
<dd><p>The owner is not the expected one.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_REVOCATION_DATA_ISSUED_IN_FUTURE</code></dt>
<dd><p>The revocation data have a future issue date.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_SIGNER_CONSTRAINTS_FAILURE</code></dt>
<dd><p>The certificate&rsquo;s signer constraints were
violated.
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_MISMATCH</code></dt>
<dd><p>The certificate presented isn&rsquo;t the expected one (TOFU)
</p></dd>
<dt><code>GNUTLS_CERT_PURPOSE_MISMATCH</code></dt>
<dd><p>The certificate or an intermediate does not match the intended purpose (extended key usage).
</p></dd>
</dl>

<div class="float-caption"><p><strong>Figure 4.2: </strong>The <code>gnutls_certificate_status_t</code> enumeration.</p></div></div>
<p>An example of certificate verification is shown in <a href="Verifying-a-certificate.html#ex_002dverify2">ex-verify2</a>.
It is also possible to have a set of certificates that
are trusted for a particular server but not to authorize other certificates.
This purpose is served by the functions <a href="X509-certificate-API.html#gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fadd_005fnamed_005fcrt">gnutls_x509_trust_list_add_named_crt</a> and <a href="X509-certificate-API.html#gnutls_005fx509_005ftrust_005flist_005fverify_005fnamed_005fcrt">gnutls_x509_trust_list_verify_named_crt</a>.
</p>
<hr>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="Verifying-a-certificate-in-the-context-of-TLS-session.html#Verifying-a-certificate-in-the-context-of-TLS-session" accesskey="n" rel="next">Verifying a certificate in the context of TLS session</a>, Previous: <a href="X_002e509-public-and-private-keys.html#X_002e509-public-and-private-keys" accesskey="p" rel="prev">X.509 public and private keys</a>, Up: <a href="X_002e509-certificates.html#X_002e509-certificates" accesskey="u" rel="up">X.509 certificates</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Function-and-Data-Index.html#Function-and-Data-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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