1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This manual is last updated 4 March 2015 for version
3.4.8 of GnuTLS.
Copyright (C) 2001-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\\
Copyright (C) 2001-2015 Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A
copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
Documentation License". -->
<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.0, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
<title>GnuTLS 3.4.8: X.509 certificates</title>
<meta name="description" content="GnuTLS 3.4.8: X.509 certificates">
<meta name="keywords" content="GnuTLS 3.4.8: X.509 certificates">
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
<link href="Function-and-Data-Index.html#Function-and-Data-Index" rel="index" title="Function and Data Index">
<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
<link href="Certificate-authentication.html#Certificate-authentication" rel="up" title="Certificate authentication">
<link href="X_002e509-certificate-structure.html#X_002e509-certificate-structure" rel="next" title="X.509 certificate structure">
<link href="Certificate-authentication.html#Certificate-authentication" rel="prev" title="Certificate authentication">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}
blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller}
blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
kbd {font-style: oblique}
pre.display {font-family: inherit}
pre.format {font-family: inherit}
pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
span.nocodebreak {white-space: nowrap}
span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap}
span.roman {font-family: serif; font-weight: normal}
span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal}
ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
body {
margin: 2%;
padding: 0 5%;
background: #ffffff;
}
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5 {
font-weight: bold;
padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px;
background-color: #c2e0ff;
color: #336699;
}
h1 {
padding: 2em 2em 2em 5%;
color: white;
background: #336699;
text-align: center;
letter-spacing: 3px;
}
h2 { text-decoration: underline; }
pre {
margin: 0 5%;
padding: 0.5em;
}
pre.example,pre.verbatim {
padding-bottom: 1em;
border: solid #c2e0ff;
background: #f0faff;
border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px;
margin: 1em auto;
width: 90%;
}
div.node {
margin: 0 -5% 0 -2%;
padding: 0.5em 0.5em;
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
font-weight: bold;
}
dd, li {
padding-top: 0.1em;
padding-bottom: 0.1em;
}
div.float {
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
text-align: center;
}
table {
text-align: left;
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
border-spacing: 7px;
width: 50%;
}
th {
padding: 0;
color: #336699;
background-color: #c2e0ff;
border: solid #000000;
border-width: 0px;
margin: 1em auto;
text-align: center;
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
}
td {
padding: 0;
border: solid #000000;
background-color: #f0faff;
border-width: 0px;
margin: 1em auto;
text-align: left;
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
padding-left: 1em;
}
dl {
text-align: left;
margin-left:auto;
margin-right:auto;
width: 50%;
padding-left: 1em;
border: solid #c2e0ff;
background: #f0faff;
border-width: 5px 1px 1px 1px;
margin: 1em auto;
}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body lang="en">
<a name="X_002e509-certificates"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="OpenPGP-certificates.html#OpenPGP-certificates" accesskey="n" rel="next">OpenPGP certificates</a>, Up: <a href="Certificate-authentication.html#Certificate-authentication" accesskey="u" rel="up">Certificate authentication</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Function-and-Data-Index.html#Function-and-Data-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="X_002e509-certificates-1"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">4.1.1 <acronym>X.509</acronym> certificates</h4>
<a name="index-X_002e509-certificates"></a>
<p>The <acronym>X.509</acronym> protocols rely on a hierarchical trust model. In
this trust model Certification Authorities (CAs) are used to certify
entities. Usually more than one certification authorities exist, and
certification authorities may certify other authorities to issue
certificates as well, following a hierarchical model.
</p>
<div class="float"><a name="fig_002dx509"></a>
<img src="gnutls-x509.png" alt="gnutls-x509">
<div class="float-caption"><p><strong>Figure 4.1: </strong>An example of the X.509 hierarchical trust model.</p></div></div>
<p>One needs to trust one or more CAs for his secure communications. In
that case only the certificates issued by the trusted authorities are
acceptable. The framework is illustrated on <a href="#fig_002dx509">Figure 4.1</a>.
</p>
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="X_002e509-certificate-structure.html#X_002e509-certificate-structure" accesskey="1">X.509 certificate structure</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Importing-an-X_002e509-certificate.html#Importing-an-X_002e509-certificate" accesskey="2">Importing an X.509 certificate</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="X_002e509-certificate-names.html#X_002e509-certificate-names" accesskey="3">X.509 certificate names</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="X_002e509-distinguished-names.html#X_002e509-distinguished-names" accesskey="4">X.509 distinguished names</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="X_002e509-extensions.html#X_002e509-extensions" accesskey="5">X.509 extensions</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="X_002e509-public-and-private-keys.html#X_002e509-public-and-private-keys" accesskey="6">X.509 public and private keys</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Verifying-X_002e509-certificate-paths.html#Verifying-X_002e509-certificate-paths" accesskey="7">Verifying X.509 certificate paths</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Verifying-a-certificate-in-the-context-of-TLS-session.html#Verifying-a-certificate-in-the-context-of-TLS-session" accesskey="8">Verifying a certificate in the context of TLS session</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Verification-using-PKCS11.html#Verification-using-PKCS11" accesskey="9">Verification using PKCS11</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
</td></tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
|
