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<a name="gnutls_002dcli-Invocation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="gnutls_002dserv-Invocation.html#gnutls_002dserv-Invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">gnutls-serv Invocation</a>, Up: <a href="Other-included-programs.html#Other-included-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Other included programs</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Function-and-Data-Index.html#Function-and-Data-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="Invoking-gnutls_002dcli"></a>
<h3 class="section">9.1 Invoking gnutls-cli</h3>
<a name="index-gnutls_002dcli"></a>
<p>Simple client program to set up a TLS connection to some other computer.
It sets up a TLS connection and forwards data from the standard input to the secured socket and vice versa.
</p>
<p>This section was generated by <strong>AutoGen</strong>,
using the <code>agtexi-cmd</code> template and the option descriptions for the <code>gnutls-cli</code> program.
This software is released under the GNU General Public License, version 3 or later.
</p>
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-usage"></a><a name="gnutls_002dcli-help_002fusage-_0028_002d_002dhelp_0029"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">gnutls-cli help/usage (<samp>--help</samp>)</h4>
<a name="index-gnutls_002dcli-help"></a>
<p>This is the automatically generated usage text for gnutls-cli.
</p>
<p>The text printed is the same whether selected with the <code>help</code> option
(<samp>--help</samp>) or the <code>more-help</code> option (<samp>--more-help</samp>). <code>more-help</code> will print
the usage text by passing it through a pager program.
<code>more-help</code> is disabled on platforms without a working
<code>fork(2)</code> function. The <code>PAGER</code> environment variable is
used to select the program, defaulting to <samp>more</samp>. Both will exit
with a status code of 0.
</p>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example">gnutls-cli - GnuTLS client
Usage: gnutls-cli [ -<flag> [<val>] | --<name>[{=| }<val>] ]... [hostname]
-d, --debug=num Enable debugging
- it must be in the range:
0 to 9999
-V, --verbose More verbose output
- may appear multiple times
--tofu Enable trust on first use authentication
- disabled as '--no-tofu'
--strict-tofu Fail to connect if a known certificate has changed
- disabled as '--no-strict-tofu'
--dane Enable DANE certificate verification (DNSSEC)
- disabled as '--no-dane'
--local-dns Use the local DNS server for DNSSEC resolving
- disabled as '--no-local-dns'
--ca-verification Enable CA certificate verification
- disabled as '--no-ca-verification'
- enabled by default
--ocsp Enable OCSP certificate verification
- disabled as '--no-ocsp'
-r, --resume Establish a session and resume
-e, --rehandshake Establish a session and rehandshake
-s, --starttls Connect, establish a plain session and start TLS
--app-proto=str an alias for the 'starttls-proto' option
--starttls-proto=str The application protocol to be used to obtain the server's certificate
(https, ftp, smtp, imap, ldap, xmpp)
- prohibits the option 'starttls'
-u, --udp Use DTLS (datagram TLS) over UDP
--mtu=num Set MTU for datagram TLS
- it must be in the range:
0 to 17000
--crlf Send CR LF instead of LF
--fastopen Enable TCP Fast Open
--x509fmtder Use DER format for certificates to read from
-f, --fingerprint Send the openpgp fingerprint, instead of the key
--print-cert Print peer's certificate in PEM format
--save-cert=str Save the peer's certificate chain in the specified file in PEM format
--save-ocsp=str Save the peer's OCSP status response in the provided file
--dh-bits=num The minimum number of bits allowed for DH
--priority=str Priorities string
--x509cafile=str Certificate file or PKCS #11 URL to use
--x509crlfile=file CRL file to use
- file must pre-exist
--pgpkeyfile=file PGP Key file to use
- file must pre-exist
--pgpkeyring=file PGP Key ring file to use
- file must pre-exist
--pgpcertfile=file PGP Public Key (certificate) file to use
- requires the option 'pgpkeyfile'
- file must pre-exist
--x509keyfile=str X.509 key file or PKCS #11 URL to use
--x509certfile=str X.509 Certificate file or PKCS #11 URL to use
- requires the option 'x509keyfile'
--pgpsubkey=str PGP subkey to use (hex or auto)
--srpusername=str SRP username to use
--srppasswd=str SRP password to use
--pskusername=str PSK username to use
--pskkey=str PSK key (in hex) to use
-p, --port=str The port or service to connect to
--insecure Don't abort program if server certificate can't be validated
--ranges Use length-hiding padding to prevent traffic analysis
--benchmark-ciphers Benchmark individual ciphers
-!, --benchmark-tls-kx Benchmark TLS key exchange methods
-", --benchmark-tls-ciphers Benchmark TLS ciphers
-l, --list Print a list of the supported algorithms and modes
- prohibits the option 'port'
-#, --priority-list Print a list of the supported priority strings
-$, --noticket Don't allow session tickets
-%, --srtp-profiles=str Offer SRTP profiles
-&, --alpn=str Application layer protocol
- may appear multiple times
-b, --heartbeat Activate heartbeat support
-', --recordsize=num The maximum record size to advertize
- it must be in the range:
0 to 4096
-(, --disable-sni Do not send a Server Name Indication (SNI)
-), --disable-extensions Disable all the TLS extensions
-*, --inline-commands Inline commands of the form ^<cmd>^
-+, --inline-commands-prefix=str Change the default delimiter for inline commands.
-,, --provider=file Specify the PKCS #11 provider library
- file must pre-exist
--, --fips140-mode Reports the status of the FIPS140-2 mode in gnutls library
-v, --version[=arg] output version information and exit
-h, --help display extended usage information and exit
-!, --more-help extended usage information passed thru pager
Options are specified by doubled hyphens and their name or by a single
hyphen and the flag character.
Operands and options may be intermixed. They will be reordered.
Simple client program to set up a TLS connection to some other computer. It
sets up a TLS connection and forwards data from the standard input to the
secured socket and vice versa.
</pre></div>
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-debug"></a><a name="debug-option-_0028_002dd_0029-6"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">debug option (-d)</h4>
<p>This is the “enable debugging” option.
This option takes a number argument.
Specifies the debug level.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-tofu"></a></p><a name="tofu-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">tofu option</h4>
<p>This is the “enable trust on first use authentication” option.
</p>
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
</p><ul>
<li> can be disabled with –no-tofu.
</li></ul>
<p>This option will, in addition to certificate authentication, perform authentication
based on previously seen public keys, a model similar to SSH authentication. Note that when tofu
is specified (PKI) and DANE authentication will become advisory to assist the public key acceptance
process.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-strict_002dtofu"></a></p><a name="strict_002dtofu-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">strict-tofu option</h4>
<p>This is the “fail to connect if a known certificate has changed” option.
</p>
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
</p><ul>
<li> can be disabled with –no-strict-tofu.
</li></ul>
<p>This option will perform authentication as with option –tofu; however, while –tofu asks whether to trust a changed public key, this option will fail in case of public key changes.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-dane"></a></p><a name="dane-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">dane option</h4>
<p>This is the “enable dane certificate verification (dnssec)” option.
</p>
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
</p><ul>
<li> can be disabled with –no-dane.
</li></ul>
<p>This option will, in addition to certificate authentication using
the trusted CAs, verify the server certificates using on the DANE information
available via DNSSEC.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-local_002ddns"></a></p><a name="local_002ddns-option-1"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">local-dns option</h4>
<p>This is the “use the local dns server for dnssec resolving” option.
</p>
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
</p><ul>
<li> can be disabled with –no-local-dns.
</li></ul>
<p>This option will use the local DNS server for DNSSEC.
This is disabled by default due to many servers not allowing DNSSEC.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-ca_002dverification"></a></p><a name="ca_002dverification-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">ca-verification option</h4>
<p>This is the “enable ca certificate verification” option.
</p>
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
</p><ul>
<li> can be disabled with –no-ca-verification.
</li><li> It is enabled by default.
</li></ul>
<p>This option can be used to enable or disable CA certificate verification. It is to be used with the –dane or –tofu options.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-ocsp"></a></p><a name="ocsp-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">ocsp option</h4>
<p>This is the “enable ocsp certificate verification” option.
</p>
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
</p><ul>
<li> can be disabled with –no-ocsp.
</li></ul>
<p>This option will enable verification of the peer’s certificate using ocsp
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-resume"></a></p><a name="resume-option-_0028_002dr_0029"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">resume option (-r)</h4>
<p>This is the “establish a session and resume” option.
Connect, establish a session, reconnect and resume.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-rehandshake"></a></p><a name="rehandshake-option-_0028_002de_0029"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">rehandshake option (-e)</h4>
<p>This is the “establish a session and rehandshake” option.
Connect, establish a session and rehandshake immediately.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-starttls"></a></p><a name="starttls-option-_0028_002ds_0029"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">starttls option (-s)</h4>
<p>This is the “connect, establish a plain session and start tls” option.
The TLS session will be initiated when EOF or a SIGALRM is received.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-app_002dproto"></a></p><a name="app_002dproto-option-1"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">app-proto option</h4>
<p>This is an alias for the <code>starttls-proto</code> option,
see <a href="#gnutls_002dcli-starttls_002dproto">the starttls-proto option documentation</a>.
</p>
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-starttls_002dproto"></a><a name="starttls_002dproto-option-1"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">starttls-proto option</h4>
<p>This is the “the application protocol to be used to obtain the server’s certificate (https, ftp, smtp, imap, ldap, xmpp)” option.
This option takes a string argument.
</p>
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
</p><ul>
<li> must not appear in combination with any of the following options:
starttls.
</li></ul>
<p>Specify the application layer protocol for STARTTLS. If the protocol is supported, gnutls-cli will proceed to the TLS negotiation.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-dh_002dbits"></a></p><a name="dh_002dbits-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">dh-bits option</h4>
<p>This is the “the minimum number of bits allowed for dh” option.
This option takes a number argument.
This option sets the minimum number of bits allowed for a Diffie-Hellman key exchange. You may want to lower the default value if the peer sends a weak prime and you get an connection error with unacceptable prime.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-priority"></a></p><a name="priority-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">priority option</h4>
<p>This is the “priorities string” option.
This option takes a string argument.
TLS algorithms and protocols to enable. You can
use predefined sets of ciphersuites such as PERFORMANCE,
NORMAL, PFS, SECURE128, SECURE256. The default is NORMAL.
</p>
<p>Check the GnuTLS manual on section “Priority strings” for more
information on the allowed keywords
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-ranges"></a></p><a name="ranges-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">ranges option</h4>
<p>This is the “use length-hiding padding to prevent traffic analysis” option.
When possible (e.g., when using CBC ciphersuites), use length-hiding padding to prevent traffic analysis.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-benchmark_002dciphers"></a></p><a name="benchmark_002dciphers-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">benchmark-ciphers option</h4>
<p>This is the “benchmark individual ciphers” option.
By default the benchmarked ciphers will utilize any capabilities of the local CPU to improve performance. To test against the raw software implementation set the environment variable GNUTLS_CPUID_OVERRIDE to 0x1.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-benchmark_002dtls_002dciphers"></a></p><a name="benchmark_002dtls_002dciphers-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">benchmark-tls-ciphers option</h4>
<p>This is the “benchmark tls ciphers” option.
By default the benchmarked ciphers will utilize any capabilities of the local CPU to improve performance. To test against the raw software implementation set the environment variable GNUTLS_CPUID_OVERRIDE to 0x1.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-list"></a></p><a name="list-option-_0028_002dl_0029"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">list option (-l)</h4>
<p>This is the “print a list of the supported algorithms and modes” option.
</p>
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
</p><ul>
<li> must not appear in combination with any of the following options:
port.
</li></ul>
<p>Print a list of the supported algorithms and modes. If a priority string is given then only the enabled ciphersuites are shown.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-priority_002dlist"></a></p><a name="priority_002dlist-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">priority-list option</h4>
<p>This is the “print a list of the supported priority strings” option.
Print a list of the supported priority strings. The ciphersuites corresponding to each priority string can be examined using -l -p.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-alpn"></a></p><a name="alpn-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">alpn option</h4>
<p>This is the “application layer protocol” option.
This option takes a string argument.
</p>
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
</p><ul>
<li> may appear an unlimited number of times.
</li></ul>
<p>This option will set and enable the Application Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) in the TLS protocol.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-disable_002dextensions"></a></p><a name="disable_002dextensions-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">disable-extensions option</h4>
<p>This is the “disable all the tls extensions” option.
This option disables all TLS extensions. Deprecated option. Use the priority string.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-inline_002dcommands"></a></p><a name="inline_002dcommands-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">inline-commands option</h4>
<p>This is the “inline commands of the form ^<cmd>^” option.
Enable inline commands of the form ^<cmd>^. The inline commands are expected to be in a line by themselves. The available commands are: resume and renegotiate.
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-inline_002dcommands_002dprefix"></a></p><a name="inline_002dcommands_002dprefix-option"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">inline-commands-prefix option</h4>
<p>This is the “change the default delimiter for inline commands.” option.
This option takes a string argument.
Change the default delimiter (^) used for inline commands. The delimiter is expected to be a single US-ASCII character (octets 0 - 127). This option is only relevant if inline commands are enabled via the inline-commands option
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-provider"></a></p><a name="provider-option-1"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">provider option</h4>
<p>This is the “specify the pkcs #11 provider library” option.
This option takes a file argument.
This will override the default options in /etc/gnutls/pkcs11.conf
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-exit-status"></a></p><a name="gnutls_002dcli-exit-status-1"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">gnutls-cli exit status</h4>
<p>One of the following exit values will be returned:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt>‘<samp>0 (EXIT_SUCCESS)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Successful program execution.
</p></dd>
<dt>‘<samp>1 (EXIT_FAILURE)</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>The operation failed or the command syntax was not valid.
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-See-Also"></a><a name="gnutls_002dcli-See-Also-1"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">gnutls-cli See Also</h4>
<p>gnutls-cli-debug(1), gnutls-serv(1)
<a name="gnutls_002dcli-Examples"></a></p><a name="gnutls_002dcli-Examples-1"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">gnutls-cli Examples</h4>
<a name="Connecting-using-PSK-authentication"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">Connecting using PSK authentication</h4>
<p>To connect to a server using PSK authentication, you need to enable the choice of PSK by using a cipher priority parameter such as in the example below.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ./gnutls-cli -p 5556 localhost --pskusername psk_identity \
--pskkey 88f3824b3e5659f52d00e959bacab954b6540344 \
--priority NORMAL:-KX-ALL:+ECDHE-PSK:+DHE-PSK:+PSK
Resolving 'localhost'...
Connecting to '127.0.0.1:5556'...
- PSK authentication.
- Version: TLS1.1
- Key Exchange: PSK
- Cipher: AES-128-CBC
- MAC: SHA1
- Compression: NULL
- Handshake was completed
- Simple Client Mode:
</pre></div>
<p>By keeping the –pskusername parameter and removing the –pskkey parameter, it will query only for the password during the handshake.
</p>
<a name="Connecting-to-STARTTLS-services"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">Connecting to STARTTLS services</h4>
<p>You could also use the client to connect to services with starttls capability.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ gnutls-cli --starttls-proto smtp --port 25 localhost
</pre></div>
<a name="Listing-ciphersuites-in-a-priority-string"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">Listing ciphersuites in a priority string</h4>
<p>To list the ciphersuites in a priority string:
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ ./gnutls-cli --priority SECURE192 -l
Cipher suites for SECURE192
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 0xc0, 0x24 TLS1.2
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 0xc0, 0x2e TLS1.2
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 0xc0, 0x30 TLS1.2
TLS_DHE_RSA_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 0x00, 0x6b TLS1.2
TLS_DHE_DSS_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 0x00, 0x6a TLS1.2
TLS_RSA_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 0x00, 0x3d TLS1.2
Certificate types: CTYPE-X.509
Protocols: VERS-TLS1.2, VERS-TLS1.1, VERS-TLS1.0, VERS-SSL3.0, VERS-DTLS1.0
Compression: COMP-NULL
Elliptic curves: CURVE-SECP384R1, CURVE-SECP521R1
PK-signatures: SIGN-RSA-SHA384, SIGN-ECDSA-SHA384, SIGN-RSA-SHA512, SIGN-ECDSA-SHA512
</pre></div>
<a name="Connecting-using-a-PKCS-_002311-token"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">Connecting using a PKCS #11 token</h4>
<p>To connect to a server using a certificate and a private key present in a PKCS #11 token you
need to substitute the PKCS 11 URLs in the x509certfile and x509keyfile parameters.
</p>
<p>Those can be found using "p11tool –list-tokens" and then listing all the objects in the
needed token, and using the appropriate.
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">$ p11tool --list-tokens
Token 0:
URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS15;manufacturer=MyMan;serial=1234;token=Test
Label: Test
Manufacturer: EnterSafe
Model: PKCS15
Serial: 1234
$ p11tool --login --list-certs "pkcs11:model=PKCS15;manufacturer=MyMan;serial=1234;token=Test"
Object 0:
URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS15;manufacturer=MyMan;serial=1234;token=Test;object=client;type=cert
Type: X.509 Certificate
Label: client
ID: 2a:97:0d:58:d1:51:3c:23:07:ae:4e:0d:72:26:03:7d:99:06:02:6a
$ MYCERT="pkcs11:model=PKCS15;manufacturer=MyMan;serial=1234;token=Test;object=client;type=cert"
$ MYKEY="pkcs11:model=PKCS15;manufacturer=MyMan;serial=1234;token=Test;object=client;type=private"
$ export MYCERT MYKEY
$ gnutls-cli www.example.com --x509keyfile $MYKEY --x509certfile $MYCERT
</pre></div>
<p>Notice that the private key only differs from the certificate in the type.
</p><hr>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="gnutls_002dserv-Invocation.html#gnutls_002dserv-Invocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">gnutls-serv Invocation</a>, Up: <a href="Other-included-programs.html#Other-included-programs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Other included programs</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Function-and-Data-Index.html#Function-and-Data-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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