/**************************************************************************** NAME: packet.c -- a packet-sniffing engine for reading from GPS devices DESCRIPTION: Initial conditions of the problem: 1. We have a file descriptor open for (possibly non-blockin) read. The device on the other end is sending packets at us. 2. It may require more than one read to gather a packet. Reads may span packet boundaries. 3. There may be leading garbage before the first packet. After the first start-of-packet, the input should be well-formed. The problem: how do we recognize which kind of packet we're getting? No need to handle Garmin binary, we know that type by the fact we're connected to the driver. But we need to be able to tell the others apart and distinguish them from baud barf. ***************************************************************************/ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "config.h" #include "gpsd.h" /* * The packet-recognition state machine. It can be fooled by garbage * that looks like the head of a binary packet followed by a NMEA * packet; in that case it won't reset until it notices that the * binary trailer is not where it should be, and the NMEA packet will * be lost. The reverse scenario is not possible because none of the * binary leader character can occur in an NMEA packet. Caller should * consume a packet when it sees one of the *_RECOGNIZED states. * It's good practice to follow the _RECOGNIZED transition with one * that recognizes a leader of the same packet type rather than * dropping back to ground state -- this for example will prevent * the state machine from hopping between recognizing TSIP and * EverMore packets that both start with a DLE. * * Error handling is brutally simple; any time we see an unexpected * character, go to GROUND_STATE and reset the machine (except that a * $ in an NMEA payload only resets back to NMEA_DOLLAR state). Because * another good packet will be usually along in less than a second * repeating the same data, Boyer-Moore-like attempts to do parallel * recognition beyond the headers would make no sense in this * application, they'd just add complexity. * * This state machine allows the following talker IDs: * GP -- Global Positioning System. * II -- Integrated Instrumentation (Raytheon's SeaTalk system). * IN -- Integrated Navigation (Garmin uses this). * */ enum { #include "packet_states.h" }; static void nextstate(struct gps_device_t *session, unsigned char c) { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE enum isgpsstat_t isgpsstat; #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ /*@ +charint */ switch(session->packet_state) { #ifdef NMEA_ENABLE case GROUND_STATE: if (c == '$') { session->packet_state = NMEA_DOLLAR; break; } #endif /* NMEA_ENABLE */ #ifdef SIRFII_ENABLE if (c == 0xa0) { session->packet_state = SIRF_LEADER_1; break; } #endif /* SIRFII_ENABLE */ #if defined(TSIP_ENABLE) || defined(EVERMORE_ENABLE) if (c == 0x10) { session->packet_state = DLE_LEADER; break; } #endif /* defined(TSIP_ENABLE) || defined(EVERMORE_ENABLE) */ #ifdef TRIPMATE_ENABLE if (c == 'A') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = ASTRAL_1; break; } #endif /* TRIPMATE_ENABLE */ #ifdef EARTHMATE_ENABLE if (c == 'E') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = EARTHA_1; break; } #endif /* EARTHMATE_ENABLE */ #ifdef ZODIAC_ENABLE if (c == 0xff) { session->packet_state = ZODIAC_LEADER_1; break; } #endif /* ZODIAC_ENABLE */ #ifdef ITALK_ENABLE if (c == '<') { session->packet_state = ITALK_LEADER_1; break; } #endif /* ITALK_ENABLE */ #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE if (rtcm_decode(session, c) == ISGPS_SYNC) { session->packet_state = RTCM_SYNC_STATE; break; } #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ break; /*@ +casebreak @*/ #ifdef NMEA_ENABLE case NMEA_DOLLAR: if (c == 'G') session->packet_state = NMEA_PUB_LEAD; else if (c == 'P') /* vendor sentence */ session->packet_state = NMEA_LEADER_END; else if (c =='I') /* Seatalk */ session->packet_state = SEATALK_LEAD_1; else if (c =='A') /* SiRF Ack */ session->packet_state = SIRF_ACK_LEAD_1; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case NMEA_PUB_LEAD: if (c == 'P') session->packet_state = NMEA_LEADER_END; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case NMEA_LEADER_END: if (c == '\r') session->packet_state = NMEA_CR; else if (c == '\n') /* not strictly correct, but helps for interpreting logfiles */ session->packet_state = NMEA_RECOGNIZED; else if (c == '$') /* faster recovery from missing sentence trailers */ session->packet_state = NMEA_DOLLAR; else if (!isprint(c)) session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case NMEA_CR: if (c == '\n') session->packet_state = NMEA_RECOGNIZED; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case NMEA_RECOGNIZED: if (c == '$') session->packet_state = NMEA_DOLLAR; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case SEATALK_LEAD_1: if (c == 'I' || c == 'N') /* II or IN are accepted */ session->packet_state = NMEA_LEADER_END; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; #ifdef TRIPMATE_ENABLE case ASTRAL_1: if (c == 'S') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = ASTRAL_2; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case ASTRAL_2: if (c == 'T') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = ASTRAL_3; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case ASTRAL_3: if (c == 'R') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = ASTRAL_5; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case ASTRAL_4: if (c == 'A') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = ASTRAL_2; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case ASTRAL_5: if (c == 'L') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = NMEA_RECOGNIZED; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; #endif /* TRIPMATE_ENABLE */ #ifdef EARTHMATE_ENABLE case EARTHA_1: if (c == 'A') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = EARTHA_2; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case EARTHA_2: if (c == 'R') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = EARTHA_3; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case EARTHA_3: if (c == 'T') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = EARTHA_4; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case EARTHA_4: if (c == 'H') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = EARTHA_5; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case EARTHA_5: if (c == 'A') { #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE (void)rtcm_decode(session, c); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = NMEA_RECOGNIZED; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; #endif /* EARTHMATE_ENABLE */ case SIRF_ACK_LEAD_1: if (c == 'c') session->packet_state = SIRF_ACK_LEAD_2; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case SIRF_ACK_LEAD_2: if (c == 'k') session->packet_state = NMEA_LEADER_END; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; #endif /* NMEA_ENABLE */ #ifdef SIRFII_ENABLE case SIRF_LEADER_1: if (c == 0xa2) session->packet_state = SIRF_LEADER_2; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case SIRF_LEADER_2: session->packet_length = (size_t)(c << 8); session->packet_state = SIRF_LENGTH_1; break; case SIRF_LENGTH_1: session->packet_length += c + 2; if (session->packet_length <= MAX_PACKET_LENGTH) session->packet_state = SIRF_PAYLOAD; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case SIRF_PAYLOAD: if (--session->packet_length == 0) session->packet_state = SIRF_DELIVERED; break; case SIRF_DELIVERED: if (c == 0xb0) session->packet_state = SIRF_TRAILER_1; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case SIRF_TRAILER_1: if (c == 0xb3) session->packet_state = SIRF_RECOGNIZED; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case SIRF_RECOGNIZED: if (c == 0xa0) session->packet_state = SIRF_LEADER_1; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; #endif /* SIRFII_ENABLE */ #if defined(TSIP_ENABLE) || defined(EVERMORE_ENABLE) case DLE_LEADER: #ifdef EVERMORE_ENABLE if (c == 0x02) session->packet_state = EVERMORE_LEADER_2; else #endif /* EVERMORE_ENABLE */ #ifdef TSIP_ENABLE /* check last because there's no checksum */ if (c >= 0x13) session->packet_state = TSIP_PAYLOAD; else #endif /* TSIP_ENABLE */ session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; #endif /* defined(TSIP_ENABLE) || defined(EVERMORE_ENABLE) */ #ifdef ZODIAC_ENABLE case ZODIAC_EXPECTED: case ZODIAC_RECOGNIZED: if (c == 0xff) session->packet_state = ZODIAC_LEADER_1; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case ZODIAC_LEADER_1: if (c == 0x81) session->packet_state = ZODIAC_LEADER_2; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case ZODIAC_LEADER_2: session->packet_state = ZODIAC_ID_1; break; case ZODIAC_ID_1: session->packet_state = ZODIAC_ID_2; break; case ZODIAC_ID_2: session->packet_length = (size_t)c; session->packet_state = ZODIAC_LENGTH_1; break; case ZODIAC_LENGTH_1: session->packet_length += (c << 8); session->packet_state = ZODIAC_LENGTH_2; break; case ZODIAC_LENGTH_2: session->packet_state = ZODIAC_FLAGS_1; break; case ZODIAC_FLAGS_1: session->packet_state = ZODIAC_FLAGS_2; break; case ZODIAC_FLAGS_2: session->packet_state = ZODIAC_HSUM_1; break; case ZODIAC_HSUM_1: { #define getword(i) (short)(session->inbuffer[2*(i)] | (session->inbuffer[2*(i)+1] << 8)) short sum = getword(0) + getword(1) + getword(2) + getword(3); sum *= -1; if (sum != getword(4)) { gpsd_report(4, "Zodiac Header checksum 0x%hx expecting 0x%hx\n", sum, getword(4)); session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; } } gpsd_report(6,"Zodiac header id=%hd len=%hd flags=%hx\n", getword(1), getword(2), getword(3)); #undef getword if (session->packet_length == 0) { session->packet_state = ZODIAC_RECOGNIZED; break; } session->packet_length *= 2; /* word count to byte count */ session->packet_length += 2; /* checksum */ /* 10 bytes is the length of the Zodiac header */ if (session->packet_length <= MAX_PACKET_LENGTH - 10) session->packet_state = ZODIAC_PAYLOAD; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case ZODIAC_PAYLOAD: if (--session->packet_length == 0) session->packet_state = ZODIAC_RECOGNIZED; break; #endif /* ZODIAC_ENABLE */ #ifdef EVERMORE_ENABLE case EVERMORE_LEADER_1: if (c == 0x02) session->packet_state = EVERMORE_LEADER_2; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case EVERMORE_LEADER_2: session->packet_length = (size_t)c; if (c == 0x10) session->packet_state = EVERMORE_PAYLOAD_DLE; else session->packet_state = EVERMORE_PAYLOAD; break; case EVERMORE_PAYLOAD: if (c == 0x10) session->packet_state = EVERMORE_PAYLOAD_DLE; else if (--session->packet_length == 0) session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case EVERMORE_PAYLOAD_DLE: switch (c) { case 0x10: session->packet_state = EVERMORE_PAYLOAD; break; case 0x03: session->packet_state = EVERMORE_RECOGNIZED; break; default: session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; } break; case EVERMORE_RECOGNIZED: if (c == 0x10) session->packet_state = EVERMORE_LEADER_1; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; #endif /* EVERMORE_ENABLE */ #ifdef ITALK_ENABLE case ITALK_LEADER_1: if (c == '*') session->packet_state = ITALK_LEADER_2; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case ITALK_LEADER_2: session->packet_length = (size_t)(c << 8); session->packet_state = ITALK_LENGTH_1; break; case ITALK_LENGTH_1: session->packet_length += c + 1; session->packet_length *= 2; /* count is in words */ session->packet_state = ITALK_LENGTH_2; break; case ITALK_LENGTH_2: if (--session->packet_length == 0) session->packet_state = ITALK_DELIVERED; break; case ITALK_DELIVERED: if (c == '>') session->packet_state = ITALK_TRAILER_1; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case ITALK_TRAILER_1: if (c == 0xb3) session->packet_state = ITALK_RECOGNIZED; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case ITALK_RECOGNIZED: if (c == 0xa0) session->packet_state = ITALK_LEADER_1; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; #endif /* ITALK_ENABLE */ #ifdef TSIP_ENABLE case TSIP_LEADER: if (c >= 0x13) session->packet_state = TSIP_PAYLOAD; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case TSIP_PAYLOAD: if (c == 0x10) session->packet_state = TSIP_DLE; break; case TSIP_DLE: switch (c) { case 0x03: session->packet_state = TSIP_RECOGNIZED; break; case 0x10: session->packet_state = TSIP_PAYLOAD; break; default: session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; } break; case TSIP_RECOGNIZED: if (c == 0x10) /* * Don't go to TSIP_LEADER state -- TSIP packets aren't * checksummed, so false positives are easy. We might be * looking at another DLE-stuffed protocol like EverMore. */ session->packet_state = DLE_LEADER; else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; #endif /* TSIP_ENABLE */ #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE case RTCM_SYNC_STATE: case RTCM_SKIP_STATE: isgpsstat = rtcm_decode(session, c); if (isgpsstat == ISGPS_MESSAGE) { session->packet_state = RTCM_RECOGNIZED; break; } else if (isgpsstat == ISGPS_NO_SYNC) session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; case RTCM_RECOGNIZED: if (rtcm_decode(session, c) == ISGPS_SYNC) { session->packet_state = RTCM_SYNC_STATE; break; } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; break; #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ } /*@ -charint */ } #define STATE_DEBUG static void packet_accept(struct gps_device_t *session, int packet_type) /* packet grab succeeded, move to output buffer */ { size_t packetlen = session->inbufptr-session->inbuffer; if (packetlen < sizeof(session->outbuffer)) { memcpy(session->outbuffer, session->inbuffer, packetlen); session->outbuflen = packetlen; session->outbuffer[packetlen] = '\0'; session->packet_type = packet_type; #ifdef STATE_DEBUG gpsd_report(6, "Packet type %d accepted %d = %s\n", packet_type, packetlen, gpsd_hexdump(session->outbuffer, session->outbuflen)); #endif /* STATE_DEBUG */ } else { gpsd_report(1, "Rejected too long packet type %d len %d\n", packet_type,packetlen); } } static void packet_discard(struct gps_device_t *session) /* shift the input buffer to discard all data up to current input pointer */ { size_t discard = session->inbufptr - session->inbuffer; size_t remaining = session->inbuflen - discard; session->inbufptr = memmove(session->inbuffer, session->inbufptr, remaining); session->inbuflen = remaining; #ifdef STATE_DEBUG gpsd_report(6, "Packet discard of %d, chars remaining is %d = %s\n", discard, remaining, gpsd_hexdump(session->inbuffer, session->inbuflen)); #endif /* STATE_DEBUG */ } static void character_discard(struct gps_device_t *session) /* shift the input buffer to discard one character and reread data */ { memmove(session->inbuffer, session->inbuffer+1, (size_t)--session->inbuflen); session->inbufptr = session->inbuffer; #ifdef STATE_DEBUG gpsd_report(6, "Character discarded, buffer %d chars = %s\n", session->inbuflen, gpsd_hexdump(session->inbuffer, session->inbuflen)); #endif /* STATE_DEBUG */ } /* entry points begin here */ /* get 0-origin big-endian words relative to start of packet buffer */ #define getword(i) (short)(session->inbuffer[2*(i)] | (session->inbuffer[2*(i)+1] << 8)) ssize_t packet_parse(struct gps_device_t *session, size_t newdata) /* grab a packet; returns ether BAD_PACKET or the length */ { #ifdef STATE_DEBUG gpsd_report(6, "Read %d chars to buffer offset %d (total %d): %s\n", newdata, session->inbufptr-session->inbuffer, session->inbuflen+newdata, gpsd_hexdump(session->inbufptr, newdata)); #endif /* STATE_DEBUG */ session->outbuflen = 0; session->inbuflen += newdata; while (session->inbufptr < session->inbuffer + session->inbuflen) { /*@ -modobserver @*/ unsigned char c = *session->inbufptr++; /*@ +modobserver @*/ char *state_table[] = { #include "packet_names.h" }; nextstate(session, c); gpsd_report(7, "%08ld: character '%c' [%02x], new state: %s\n", session->char_counter, (isprint(c)?c:'.'), c, state_table[session->packet_state]); session->char_counter++; if (session->packet_state == GROUND_STATE) { character_discard(session); #ifdef NMEA_ENABLE } else if (session->packet_state == NMEA_RECOGNIZED) { bool checksum_ok = true; char csum[3]; char *trailer = (char *)session->inbufptr-5; if (*trailer == '*') { unsigned int n, crc = 0; for (n = 1; (char *)session->inbuffer + n < trailer; n++) crc ^= session->inbuffer[n]; (void)snprintf(csum, sizeof(csum), "%02X", crc); checksum_ok = (toupper(csum[0])==toupper(trailer[1]) && toupper(csum[1])==toupper(trailer[2])); } if (checksum_ok) packet_accept(session, NMEA_PACKET); else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; packet_discard(session); #endif /* NMEA_ENABLE */ #ifdef SIRFII_ENABLE } else if (session->packet_state == SIRF_RECOGNIZED) { unsigned char *trailer = session->inbufptr-4; unsigned int checksum = (unsigned)((trailer[0] << 8) | trailer[1]); unsigned int n, crc = 0; for (n = 4; n < (unsigned)(trailer - session->inbuffer); n++) crc += (int)session->inbuffer[n]; crc &= 0x7fff; if (checksum == crc) packet_accept(session, SIRF_PACKET); else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; packet_discard(session); #endif /* SIRFII_ENABLE */ #ifdef TSIP_ENABLE } else if (session->packet_state == TSIP_RECOGNIZED) { if ((session->inbufptr - session->inbuffer) >= 4) packet_accept(session, TSIP_PACKET); else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; packet_discard(session); #endif /* TSIP_ENABLE */ #ifdef ZODIAC_ENABLE } else if (session->packet_state == ZODIAC_RECOGNIZED) { short len, n, sum; len = getword(2); for (n = sum = 0; n < len; n++) sum += getword(5+n); sum *= -1; if (len == 0 || sum == getword(5 + len)) { packet_accept(session, ZODIAC_PACKET); } else { gpsd_report(4, "Zodiac data checksum 0x%hx over length %hd, expecting 0x%hx\n", sum, len, getword(5 + len)); session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; } packet_discard(session); #endif /* ZODIAC_ENABLE */ #ifdef EVERMORE_ENABLE } else if (session->packet_state == EVERMORE_RECOGNIZED) { unsigned int n, crc, checksum, len; bool ok = false; n = 0; /*@ +charint */ do { if (session->inbuffer[n++] != 0x10) break; if (session->inbuffer[n++] != 0x02) break; len = session->inbuffer[n++]; if (len == 0x10) { if (session->inbuffer[n++] != 0x10) break; } len -= 2; crc = 0; for (; len > 0; len--) { crc += session->inbuffer[n]; if (session->inbuffer[n++] == 0x10) { if (session->inbuffer[n++] != 0x10) break; } } if (len > 0) break; checksum = session->inbuffer[n++]; if (checksum == 0x10) { if (session->inbuffer[n++] != 0x10) break; } if (session->inbuffer[n++] != 0x10) break; if (session->inbuffer[n++] != 0x03) break; crc &= 0xff; if (crc != checksum) { gpsd_report(4, "EverMore checksum failed: %02x != %02x\n", crc, checksum); break; } ok = true; } while (0); /*@ +charint */ if (ok) packet_accept(session, EVERMORE_PACKET); else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; packet_discard(session); #endif /* EVERMORE_ENABLE */ #ifdef ITALK_ENABLE } else if (session->packet_state == ITALK_RECOGNIZED) { u_int16_t len, n, sum; len = (unsigned short)(session->packet_length / 2 - 1); /* * Skip first 9 words so we compute checksum only over data * portion of packet. */ for (n = sum = 0; n < (unsigned short)(len - 9); n++) sum += getword(9 + n); if (len == 0 || sum == (u_int16_t)getword(len+1)) { packet_accept(session, ITALK_PACKET); } else session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; packet_discard(session); #endif /* ITALK_ENABLE */ #ifdef RTCM104_ENABLE } else if (session->packet_state == RTCM_RECOGNIZED) { /* * RTCM packets don't have checksums. The six bits of parity * per word and the preamble better be good enough. */ packet_accept(session, RTCM_PACKET); session->packet_state = RTCM_SYNC_STATE; packet_discard(session); #endif /* RTCM104_ENABLE */ } } /* while */ return (ssize_t)newdata; } #undef getword ssize_t packet_get(struct gps_device_t *session) /* grab a packet; returns ether BAD_PACKET or the length */ { ssize_t newdata; /*@ -modobserver @*/ newdata = read(session->gpsdata.gps_fd, session->inbufptr, sizeof(session->inbuffer)-(session->inbufptr-session->inbuffer)); /*@ +modobserver @*/ if (newdata < 0 && errno != EAGAIN) return BAD_PACKET; else if (newdata == 0 || (newdata < 0 && errno == EAGAIN)) return 0; return packet_parse(session, (size_t)newdata); } void packet_reset(struct gps_device_t *session) /* return the packet machine to the ground state */ { session->packet_type = BAD_PACKET; session->packet_state = GROUND_STATE; session->inbuflen = 0; session->inbufptr = session->inbuffer; isgps_init(session); } #ifdef __UNUSED__ void packet_pushback(struct gps_device_t *session) /* push back the last packet grabbed */ { if (session->outbuflen + session->inbuflen < MAX_PACKET_LENGTH) { memmove(session->inbuffer+session->outbuflen, session->inbuffer, session->inbuflen); memmove(session->inbuffer, session->outbuffer, session->outbuflen); session->inbuflen += session->outbuflen; session->outbuflen = 0; } } #endif /* __UNUSED */