path: root/README.MinGW

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      Free Software Foundation, Inc.

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  README.MinGW
  ============

  Contributed by Keith Marshall (keith.d.marshall@ntlworld.com)


  INTRODUCTION
  ------------

  This file provides recommendations for building a Win32 implementation of
  GNU Groff, using the MinGW port of GCC for Microsoft (TM) Windows-32
  platforms.  It is intended to supplement the standard installation
  instructions (see file INSTALL); it does not replace them.

  You require both the MinGW implementation of GCC and its supporting MSYS
  toolkit, which provides a Win-32 implementation of the GNU bash shell, and a
  few other essential utilities; these may be obtained from

    http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw

  by following the appropriate download links, where they are available as
  self-extracting executable installation packages.  If installing both from
  scratch, it is recommended that MinGW is installed first, as the MSYS
  installer can then automatically set up the proper environment for running
  MinGW.

  Additionally, if you wish to compile groff with support for its HTML (and
  XHTML) output capability, some additional tools are required as decribed in
  the section PREREQUISITES FOR HTML OUTPUT later in this file.


  BUILDING GROFF WITH MINGW
  -------------------------

  *** WARNING ***
  
  Before commencing this procedure, you should ensure that you are running the
  MSYS shell in a *native* Win32 console window, and not in any window managed
  by the rxvt emulator provided with MSYS; (this emulator suffers from various
  known defects, which will prevent successful completion of a groff build).

  ******

  Assuming that you have obtained the appropriate groff distribution, and that
  you are already running an MSYS shell, then the configuration, compilation,
  and installation of groff, using MinGW, is performed in much the same way as
  it is described in the INSTALL file, which is provided with the groff
  distribution.  The installation steps are summarised below:

  1. Change working directory to any suitable location where you may unpack
     the groff distribution; you must be authorized for write access.
     Approximately 30MB of free disk space are needed.

  2. Unpack the groff distribution:

       tar xzf <download-path>/groff-<version>.tar.gz

     This creates a new sub-directory, groff-<version>, containing an image of
     the groff source tree.  You should now change directory, to make this
     ./groff-<version> your working directory.

  3. If you are intending to build groff with support for HTML (and XHTML)
     output, then you must now ensure that the prerequisites described in the
     later section PREREQUISITES FOR HTML OUTPUT are satisfied, before
     proceeding to build groff; in particular, please ensure that all required
     support programs are installed in the current PATH.

  4. You are now ready to configure, build, and install groff.  This is
     accomplished using the conventional procedure, as described in the file
     INSTALL, i.e.

       ./configure --prefix=<win32-install-path> ...
       make
       make install

     Please observe the syntax for the configure command, indicated above; the
     default value for --prefix is not suitable for use with MinGW, so the
     --prefix=<win32-install-path> option must be specified, where
     <win32-install-path> is the chosen MS-Windows directory in which the
     groff application files are to be installed (see the later section
     entitled CHOOSING AN INSTALLATION PATH).  Any other desired configuration
     options may also be specified, as described in the standard groff
     installation instructions.

  5. After completing the above, groff should be successfully installed; the
     build directory is no longer required; it may be simply deleted in its
     entirety.  Alternatively, you may choose to keep it, but to remove all
     files which can be reproduced later, by repeating the configure, make and
     make install steps; this is readily accomplished by the command

       make distclean


  This completes the installation of groff; please read the final sections of
  this file, GROFF RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT and CAVEATS AND BUGS, for advice on
  setting up the runtime environment, and avoiding known runtime problems,
  before running groff.


  CHOOSING AN INSTALLATION PATH
  -----------------------------

  It may be noted that the above instructions indicate that the ./configure
  command must be invoked with an argument specifying a preference for
  --prefix=<win32-install-path>, whereas the standard groff installation
  instructions indicate that this may be omitted, in which case it defaults to
  --prefix=/usr/local.

  In the case of building with MinGW, the default behaviour of configure is
  not appropriate for the following reasons.

  o The MSYS environment creates a virtual UNIX-like file system, with its
    root mapped to the actual MS-Windows directory where MSYS itself is
    installed; /usr is also mapped to this MSYS installation directory.

  o All of the MSYS tools, and the MinGW implementation of GCC, refer to files
    via this virtual file system representation; thus, if the
    --prefix=<win32-install-path> is not specified when groff is configured,
    `make install' causes groff to be installed in <MSYS-install-path>/local.

  o groff needs to know its own installation path, so that it can locate its
    own installed components.  This information is compiled in, using the
    exact form specified with the --prefix=<win32-install-path> option to
    configure.

  o Knowledge of the MSYS virtual file system is not imparted to groff; it
    expects the compiled-in path to its components to be a fully qualified
    MS-Windows path name (although UNIX-style slashes are permitted, and
    preferred to the MS-Windows style backslashes, to demarcate the directory
    hierarchy).  Thus, when configuring groff, if
    --prefix=<win32-install-path> is not correctly specified, then the
    installed groff application looks for its components in /usr/local, and
    most likely doesn't find them, because they are actually installed in
    <MSYS-install-path>/local.

  It is actually convenient, but by no means a requirement, to have groff
  installed in the /usr/local directory of the MSYS virtual file system; this
  makes it easy to invoke groff from the MSYS shell, since the virtual
  /usr/local/bin is normally added automatically to the PATH (the default
  PATH, as set in MSYS's /etc/profile), when MSYS is started.

  In order to install groff into MSYS's /usr/local directory, it is necessary
  to specify the fully qualified absolute MS-Windows path to this directory,
  when configuring groff, i.e.

    ./configure --prefix=<MSYS-install-path>/local ...

  For example, on a system where MSYS is installed in the MS-Windows directory
  D:\MSYS\1.0, the MSYS virtual path /usr/local resolves to the absolute
  MS-Windows native path D:\MSYS\1.0\local (the /usr component of the MSYS
  virtual path does not appear in the resolved absolute native path name since
  MSYS maps this directly to the root of the MSYS virtual file system).  Thus,
  the --prefix option should be specified to configure as

    ./configure --prefix=D:/MSYS/1.0/local ...

  Note that the backslash characters, which appear in the native MS-Windows
  form of the path name, are replaced by UNIX-style slashes in the argument to
  configure; this is the preferred syntax.

  Also note that the MS-Windows device designator (D: in this instance) is
  prepended to the specified path, in the normal MS-Windows format, and that,
  since upper and lower case distinctions are ignored in MS-Windows path
  names, any combination of upper and lower case is acceptable.


  PREREQUISITES FOR HTML OUTPUT
  -----------------------------

  If you intend to use groff for production of HTML or XHTML output, then
  there are a few dependencies which must be satisfied.  Ideally, these should
  be resolved before attempting to configure and build groff, since the
  configuration script does check them.

  In order to produce HTML or XHTML output, you first require a working
  implementation of Ghostscript; either the AFPL Ghostscript or the GNU
  Ghostscript implementation for MS-Windows should be suitable, depending on
  your licensing preference.  It is highly recommended to use version 8.11
  or higher due to bugs in older versions.  These may be obtained, in the
  form of self-installing binary packages, by following the download links
  for the chosen licensing option, from
  http://sourceforge.net/projects/ghostscript.

  Please note that these packages install the Ghostscript interpreter required
  by groff in the ./bin subdirectory of the Ghostscript installation
  directory, with the name gswin32c.exe.  However, groff expects this
  interpreter to be located in the system PATH, with the name gs.exe.  Thus,
  to ensure that groff can correctly locate the Ghostscript interpreter, it is
  recommended that the file gswin32c.exe should be copied from the Ghostscript
  installation directory to the MSYS /usr/local/bin directory, where it should
  be renamed to gs.exe.

  In addition to a working Ghostscript interpreter, you also require several
  image manipulation utilities, all of which may be scavenged from various
  packages available from http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32, and which
  should be installed in the MSYS /usr/local/bin directory, or any other
  suitable directory which is specified in the PATH.  These additional
  prerequisites are

    1. from the netpbm-<version>-bin.zip package:

         netpbm.dll
         pnmcrop.exe
         pnmcut.exe
         pnmtopng.exe
         pnmtops.exe

    2. from the libpng-<version>-bin.zip package:

         libpng.dll

    3. from the zlib-<version>-bin.zip package:

         zlib-1.dll, which must be renamed to zlib.dll

    4. from the psutils-<version>-bin.zip package:

         psselect.exe

  Note that it is not necessary to install the above four packages in their
  entirety; of course, you may do so if you wish.

  Further note that you are advised to avoid the netpbm-10.27 release from the
  GnuWin32 download repository, as its pnmtopng.exe has been reported to fail
  on even simple conversions, resulting in failure of the groff build process;
  the earlier netpbm-10.18.4 has been found to work successfully.  Also, you
  may find it necessary to use libpng-1.2.7, rather than libpng-1.2.8, in
  conjunction with this earlier release of netpbm.


  GROFF RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT
  -------------------------

  The runtime environment, provided to groff by MSYS, is essentially the same
  as would be provided under a UNIX or GNU/Linux operating system; thus, any
  environment variables which may be used to customize the groff runtime
  environment have similar effects under MSYS, as they would in UNIX or
  GNU/Linux, with the exception that any variable specifying a path should
  adopt the same syntax as a native MS-Windows PATH specification.

  There is, however, one known problem which is associated with the
  implementation of the MS-Windows file system, and the manner in which the
  Microsoft runtime library (which is used by the MinGW implementation of GCC)
  generates names for temporary files.  This known problem arises when groff
  is invoked with a current working directory which refers to a network share,
  for which the user does not have write access in the root directory, and
  there is no environment variable set to define a writeable location for
  creating temporary files.  When these conditions arise, groff fails with a
  `permission denied' error, as soon as it tries to create any temporary file.

  To specify the location for creating temporary files, the standard UNIX or
  GNU/Linux implementation of groff provides the GROFF_TMPDIR or TMPDIR
  environment variables, whereas MS-Windows applications generally use TMP or
  TEMP; furthermore, the MS-Windows implementations of Ghostscript apparently
  support the use of only TEMP or TMPDIR.

  To avoid problems with creation of temporary files, it is recommended that
  you ensure that both TMP and TEMP are defined, with identical values, to
  point to a suitable location for creating temporary files; many MS-Windows
  boxes have them set already, and groff has been adapted to honour them, when
  built in accordance with the preceding instructions, using MinGW.


  CAVEATS AND BUGS
  ----------------

  There are two known issues, observed when running groff in the MinGW/MSYS
  environment, which would not affect groff in its native UNIX environment:

  o Running groff with the working directory set to a subdirectory of a
    network share, where the user does not have write permission in the root
    directory of the share, causes groff to fail with a `permission denied'
    exception, if the TMP environment variable is not appropriately defined;
    it may also be necessary to define the TEMP environment variable, to
    avoid a similar failure mode, when using the -Thtml or -Txhtml output
    mode of groff.  This problem is more fully discussed in the preceding
    section, GROFF RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT.

  o When running groff (or nroff) to process standard input, where the
    standard input stream is obtained directly from the RXVT console provided
    with MSYS, groff cannot detect the end-of-file condition for the standard
    input stream, and hangs.  This appears to be caused by a fault in the MSYS
    implementation of RXVT; it may be worked around by either starting MSYS
    without RXVT (see the comments in the MSYS.BAT startup script); in this
    case standard input is terminated by typing <Ctrl-Z> followed by <RETURN>,
    on a new input line.  Alternatively, if you prefer to use MSYS with RXVT,
    you can enter the interactive groff command in the form

      cat | groff ...

    in which case <Ctrl-D> terminates the standard input stream, in just the
    same way it does on a UNIX system; the cat executable provided with MSYS
    does seem to trap the end-of-file condition, and properly signals groff
    that the input stream has terminated.