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|
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1">
<title>Mom -- Document Processing, element tags</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#dfdfdf">
<!====================================================================>
<a href="headfootpage.html#TOP">Next</a>
<a href="docprocessing.html#TOP">Prev</a>
<a href="toc.html">Back to Table of Contents</a>
<a name="TOP"></a>
<a name="DOCELEMENT">
<h2 align="center"><u>THE DOCUMENT ELEMENT TAGS</u></h2>
</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#DOCELEMENT_INTRO">Introduction to the document element tags</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#DOCELEMENT_CONTROL">Control macros -- changing defaults for document element tags</a>
<li><a href="#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS">Arguments to the control macros</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#INDEX_DOCELEMENT">Index of document element tags</a>
</ul>
<a name="DOCELEMENT_INTRO">
<h2><u>Introduction to the document element tags</u></h2>
</a>
Once you've completed the setup for a document (see
<a href="docprocessing.html#DOCPROCESSING_TUT">Setting up a mom document</a>),
formatting it is a snap. Simply invoke the appropriate tag for
each document element as you need it. The tags are macros that
tell <strong>mom</strong>, "This is a paragraph, this
is a subhead, this is a footnote," and so on.
<p>
The list of tags is actually quite small -- ideal for the users
<strong>mom</strong> brought herself into being for (see
<a href="intro.html#INTRO_INTRO">Who mom is meant for</a>).
However, the list of macros that control the appearance of the
tags upon output is extensive. Generally, for each tag,
there are
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_CONTROLMACRO">control macros</a>
for the tag's family, font and point size. Where appropriate, there
are macros to control leading, indents, quad and special features
as well.
<p>
<strong>Mom</strong> has tasteful defaults for all the tags, hence you
only use the control macros when you want to change the way
she does things. This is usually done prior to
<a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>,
but can, in fact, be done at any time in the course of a document.
Any change to a tag's style affects all subsequent invocations of
the tag.
<a name="DOCELEMENT_CONTROL"><h3><u>Control macros -- changing defaults</u></h3></a>
<p>
The control macros for document processing tags let you
"design" the look of all the parts of your documents --
should you wish. At a bare minimum, all tags have macros to
change <strong>mom</strong>'s defaults for family, font
and point size. Where appropriate, there are macros to control
leading, indents and quad as well.
<p>
In addition, many tags have special macros to control features that
are pertinent to those tags alone. Have a look at the section dealing
with any particular tag to find out what macros control the tag,
and what <strong>mom</strong>'s defaults for the tag are.
<p>
The control macros may be used at any time during the course of
a document (i.e. before or after
<a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>). The changes you
make alter all subsequent invocations of the affected tag until
you make another change, either by passing new arguments to the
tag's control macro, or toggling a particular feature of the tag on
or off.
<p>
And don't forget: the
<a href="typesetting.html#MACROS_TYPESETTING">typesetting macros</a>
can be used at any time, including inside
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_TOGGLE">toggle</a>
tags (affected only that particular invocation of the tag).
Equally,
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_INLINES">inline escapes</a>
can be used in tags that take
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_STRINGARGUMENT">string arguments.</a>
<p>
<strong>IMPORTANT NOTE:</strong> The family, font, point size and
leading control macros have no effect in
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>,
which sets EVERYTHING in Courier roman, 12/24 (i.e. 12-point type on
a linespace of 24 points).
<p>
Please also note that the defaults listed
with the control macros apply only to
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>
unless a default for <strong>TYPEWRITE</strong> is also given.
<p>
<strong>A WORD OF ADVICE:</strong> Get familiar with
<strong>mom</strong> at her default settings before exploring the
control macros. Put her through her paces. She how she behaves.
Get to know what she feels like and how she looks, both in your text
editor and on the printed page. Then, if you don't like something,
use this documentation to find the precise macro you need to change it.
There are tons of control macros. Reading up on them and trying to
remember them all might lead you to think that <strong>mom</strong>
is complex and unwieldy, which is not only untrue, but would offend
her mightily.
<a name="CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS"><h3><u>Arguments to the control macros</u></h3></a>
<h3>Family and font</h3>
The arguments to the control macros that end in
<strong>_FAMILY</strong> or <strong>_FONT</strong> are the same
as for
<a href="typesetting.html#FAMILY">FAMILY</a>
and
<a href="typesetting.html#FONT">FT</a>.
<h3>Point size</h3>
Control macros that end in <strong>_SIZE</strong> always take
the form <kbd>+digit</kbd> or <kbd>-digit</kbd> where digit is
the number of
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_PICASPOINTS">points</a>
larger (+) or smaller (-) than the point size of paragraphs
you want the document element to be. For example, to change
subheads to 1-1/2 points larger than the type in paragraphs, do
<p>
<pre>
.SUBHEAD_SIZE +1.5
</pre>
There's no need for a
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a>
with the <strong>_SIZE</strong> control macros; points is assumed.
<h3>Lead/linespacing</h3>
Control macros that end in <strong>_AUTOLEAD</strong> take the
same argument as
<a href="typesetting.html#AUTOLEAD">AUTOLEAD</a>,
viz. a digit that represents the number of points to add to the
tag's point size to arrive at its
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_LEADING">lead</a>.
For example, to set footnotes
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_SOLID">solid</a>, do
<p>
<pre>
.FOOTNOTE_AUTOLEAD 0
</pre>
To set footnotes with a 1-point lead (i.e. with the line spacing
one point greater than the footnote's point size), do
<p>
<pre>
.FOOTNOTE_AUTOLEAD 1
</pre>
<a name="CONTROL_INDENTS"><h3>Indents</h3></a>
Except for <strong>PARA_INDENT</strong>, the argument to the control
macros that end
in <strong>_INDENT</strong> is always a single digit (whole numbers
only; no decimal fractions) with no
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a>
appended to it. The digit represents by how much you want the
size of the paragraph first-line indent multiplied to achieve the
correct indent for a particular tag.
<h3>Quad/justification style</h3>
Control macros that end in <strong>_QUAD</strong> take the same
arguments as
<a href="typesetting.html#QUAD">QUAD</a>.
<a name="INDEX_DOCELEMENT"><h3><u>Document element tags list</u></h3></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#EPIGRAPH_INTRO">Epigraphs</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#EPIGRAPH">EPIGRAPH</a>
<li><a href="#EPIGRAPH_CONTROL">Epigrah control</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#PP_INTRO">Paragraphs</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#PP">PP</a>
<li><a href="#PP_CONTROL">Paragraph control</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#HEAD_INTRO">Main heads</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#HEAD">HEAD</a>
<li><a href="#HEAD_CONTROL">Head control</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#SUBHEAD_INTRO">Subheads</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#SUBHEAD">SUBHEAD</a>
<li><a href="#SUBHEAD_CONTROL">Subhead control</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#PARAHEAD_INTRO">Paragraph heads</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#PARAHEAD">PARAHEAD</a>
<li><a href="#PARAHEAD_CONTROL">Parahead control</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#LINEBREAK_INTRO">Linebreaks (author linebreaks)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#LINEBREAK">LINEBREAK</a>
<li><a href="#LINEBREAK_CHAR">Linebreak character</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#QUOTE_INTRO">Quotes (line for line)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#QUOTE">QUOTE</a>
<li><a href="#QUOTE_CONTROL">Quote control</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_INTRO">Blockquotes (cited material)</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#BLOCKQUOTE">BLOCKQUOTE</a>
<li><a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_CONTROL">Blockquote control</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE_INTRO">Footnotes</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE">FOOTNOTE</a>
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE_CONTROL">Footnote control</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#FINIS_INTRO">Document termination</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#FINIS">FINIS</a>
<li><a href="#FINIS_STRING">Finis control</a> -- changing the FINIS string
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<!====================================================================>
<a name="EPIGRAPH_INTRO"><h2><u>Epigraphs</u></h2></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#EPIGRAPH">Tag: EPIGRAPH</a>
<li><a href="#EPIGRAPH_CONTROL">Epigraph control macros</a>
</ul>
<p>
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_EPIGRAPH">Epigraphs</a>
color, flavour, or comment on the text they precede. Typically,
they are centered on the page and set in a smaller point size
than that of paragraph text.
<p>
By default, <strong>mom</strong> sets epigraphs centered and
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_NOFILL">unfilled</a>;
this lets you input them on a line for line basis. This behaviour
can be changed to accomodate filled epigraph "blocks."
<br>
<!---EPIGRAPH--->
<hr width="66%" align="left">
<p>
<a name="EPIGRAPH">
Macro: <strong>EPIGRAPH</strong> <var><toggle> | [ BLOCK ]</var></a>
</a>
<p>
<strong>EPIGRAPH</strong> is a toggle, used like this:
<p>
<pre>
.EPIGRAPH
<text of epigraph>
.EPIGRAPH OFF
</pre>
<strong>OFF</strong>, above, could be anything -- say, Q or X --
since any argument other than <strong>BLOCK</strong> turns it off.
<p>
If given the argument <strong>BLOCK</strong>, <strong>EPIGRAPH</strong>
sets epigraphs
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FILLED">filled</a>,
justified or quadded in the same direction as paragraphs, indented
equally from both the left and right margins.
<p>
If a block-style epigraph runs to more than one paragraph (unlikely,
but conceivable), you <strong>MUST</strong> introduce every paragraph
-- <u>INCLUDING THE FIRST!!!</u> -- with the
<a href="#PP">PP</a>
tag.
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> <strong>EPIGRAPH</strong> should only be
used at the top of a document (i.e. just after
<a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>)
or after
<a href="#HEAD_INTRO">heads</a>. The latter is not especially
recommended, but it does work. In all other places where you
want quotes or cited text, use
<a href="#QUOTE">QUOTE</a>
or
<a href="#BLOCKQUOTE">BLOCKQUOTE</a>.
<a name="EPIGRAPH_CONTROL"><h3><u>Epigraph control macros</u></h3></a>
<p>
See
<a href="#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS">Arguments to the control macros</a>.
<p>
<pre>
.EPIGRAPH_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.EPIGRAPH_FONT default = roman
.EPIGRAPH_SIZE default = -1.5 (points)
.EPIGRAPH_AUTOLEAD default = 2 points
(The next two apply to "block" style epigraphs only)
.EPIGRAPH_QUAD default = same as paragraphs
.EPIGRAPH_INDENT default = para indent x 3 (for typeset), x 2 (for typewrite)
</pre>
<hr>
<!====================================================================>
<a name="PP_INTRO"><h2><u>Paragraphs</u></h2></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#PP">Tag: PP</a>
<li><a href="#PP_CONTROL">Paragraph control macros</a>
</ul>
<p>
The paragraph macro is the one you use most often. Consequently,
it's one of most powerful, yet simplest to use -- just the letters
<strong>PP</strong>. No arguments, nothing. Just <kbd>.PP</kbd>
on a line by itself any time, in any document element, tells
<strong>mom</strong> you want to start a new paragraph. The spacing
and indent appropriate to where you are in your document are taken
care of automatically.
<p>
By default, <strong>mom</strong> does not indent the first paragraph
of a document, nor paragraphs that fall imediately after
<a href="#HEAD_INTRO">heads</a>
or
<a href="#SUBHEAD_INTRO">subheads</a>.
The first paragraphs of blockquotes and block-style epigraphs are
also not indented. This behaviour can be changed with the control
macro
<a href="#PARA_INDENT_FIRST">INDENT_FIRST_PARAS</a>.
<p>
In contrast to some other macro packages, <strong>mom</strong> does not
deposit a blank line between paragraphs. If you want her to do so, use
the control macro <strong>PARA_SPACE</strong>. (I don't recommend
using this macro with
<a href="typesetting.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>.)
<p>
Note that <strong>mom</strong> does not provide "orphan
control" for paragraphs (i.e. even if only one line of a paragraph
fits at the bottom of a page, she will set it on that page). The
reason for this is that writers of fiction often have single-line
paragraphs (e.g. in dialogue). Groff's simplistic orphan control
will break these one-liners -- if they fall at the bottom of the page
-- to a new page, which is not what you want.
<p>
<strong>TIP:</strong> The last thing you want while you're writing
and editing drafts of a document (particulary stories and chapters)
is a text file cluttered up with <strong>PP</strong>'s. The visual
interruption in the flow of text is a serious obstacle to creativity
and critiquing.
<p>
I use the tab key on my keyboard to indent paragraphs when I'm writing,
producing a text file that looks pretty much like what you see on
a printed page. When it comes time to format and print the file,
I run it through a sed script that (amongst other things) converts
the character generated by the tab key (<kbd>^I</kbd>) into <code>.PP</code>
(plus a new line), and pipe the output to groff for processing and
printing.
<p>
Another solution is to insert a blank line between paragraphs.
The blank lines can then be sedded out at print time as above, or,
more conveniently, you can use the <code>.blm</code>
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_PRIMITIVES">primitive</a>
(blank line macro) to instruct groff (and <strong>mom</strong>)
that blank lines should be interpreted as <strong>PP</strong>'s.
<p>
<pre>
.blm PP
</pre>
tells groff that all blank lines are really the macro <strong>PP</strong>.
<br>
<!---PP--->
<hr width="66%" align="left">
<p>
<a name="PP">
Macro: <strong>PP</strong>
</a>
<p>
<strong>PP</strong> (on a line by itself, of course) tells mom to
start a new paragraph. See
<a href="#PP_INTRO">above</a>
for more details. In addition to regular text paragraphs, you can
use <strong>PP</strong> in
<a href="#EPIGRAPH_INTRO">epigraphs</a>,
<a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_INTRO">blockquotes</a>
and
<a href="#FOOTNOTE_INTRO">footnotes</a>.
<a name="PP_CONTROL"><h3><u>Paragraph control macros</u></h3></a>
<p>
The <strong>PP</strong> being so important, and representing, as
it were, the basis of everything that goes on in a document, its
control is managed in a manner somewhat different from other document
element tags.
<p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#PP_FAMILY">Family control</a>
<li><a href="#PP_FONT">Font control</a>
<li><a href="#PP_LEADING">Leading/linespacing control</a>
<li><a href="#PP_JUST_QUAD">Justification/quad control</a>
<li><a href="#PARA_INDENT">First-line indent control</a>
<li><a href="#PARA_INDENT_FIRST">Intitial paragraphs indent control</a>
<li><a href="#PP_SPACE">Paragraph spacing control</a>
</ol>
<a name="PP_FAMILY"><h3><u>1. Family</u></h3></a>
The paragraph
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FAMILY">family</a>
is set with
<a href="typesetting.html#FAMILY">FAMILY</a>
prior to
<a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>,
or
<a href="docprocessing.html#DOC_FAMILY">DOC_FAMILY</a>
afterwards. Please note that both globally affect the family of
every element in the document.
<p>
If you wish to change the family for regular
text paragraphs only, invoke <strong>FAMILY</strong> immediately
after <strong>PP</strong> in EVERY paragraph whose family you wish
to differ from the prevailing document family.
<p>
<strong>Mom</strong>'s default paragraph (and document) family
is Times Roman.
<a name="PP_FONT"><h3><u>2. Font -- PP_FONT</u></h3></a>
To change the
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FONT">font</a>
used in regular text paragraphs, use <code>.PP_FONT</code>,
which takes the same argument as
<a href="typesetting.html#FONT">FT</a>.
<strong>PP_FONT</strong> may be used before or after
<a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>.
Only regular text paragraphs are affected; paragraphs in
<a href="#EPIGRAPH_INTRO">epigraphs</a>,
<a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_INTRO">blockquotes</a>
and
<a href="#FOOTNOTE_INTRO">footnotes</a>
remain at their default setting (medium roman) unless you change them
with the appropriate control macros.
<p>
<strong>Mom</strong>'s default paragraph font is medium roman.
<a name="PP_LEADING"><h3><u>3.Leading</u></h3></a>
The paragraph
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_LEADING">leading</a>
is set with
<a href="typesetting.html#LEADING">LS</a>
prior to
<a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>,
or
<a href="docprocessing.html#DOC_LEAD">DOC_LEAD</a>
afterwards. Please note that either method globally affects the
leading and spacing of every document element (except
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_HEADER">headers</a>
and
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FOOTER">footers</a>).
<p>
If you wish to change the leading of regular text paragraphs only,
invoke <strong>LS</strong> immediately after <strong>PP</strong> in
EVERY paragraph whose leading you wish to change.
<p>
<strong>HYPER-IMPORTANT NOTE:</strong> It is extremely unwise to change
paragraph leading with <strong>LS</strong>, as it will, in all cases,
screw up <strong>mom</strong>'s ability to balance the bottom margin
of pages.
<p>
<strong>Mom</strong>'s default paragraph leading (document leading)
is 16 points, adjusted to fill the page.
<a name="PP_JUST_QUAD"><h3><u>4. Justification/quad</u></h3></a>
The justification/quad-direction of regular text paragraphs (i.e.
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_JUST">justified</a>,
or
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FILLED">filled</a>
and
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_QUAD">quadded</a>
left/right/center) is set with
<a href="typesetting.html#JUSTIFY">JUSTIFY</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#QUAD">QUAD</a>
prior to
<a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>,
and with
<a href="docprocessing.html#DOC_QUAD">DOC_QUAD</a>
afterwards.
<p>
Please note that either method of setting the paragraph
justification/quad-direction also affects
<a href="#EPIGRAPH_INTRO">epigraphs</a>
and
<a href="#FOOTNOTE_INTRO">footnotes</a>,
but not
<a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_INTRO">blockquotes</a>
(whose default is QUAD LEFT unless you change it with
<a href="#BLOCKQUOTE">BLOCKQUOTE_QUAD</a>).
The justification/quad-direction of epigraphs and footnotes may
be changed with their own control macros.
<p>
If you wish to change the justification/quad-direction of
individual paragraphs, use <strong>JUSTIFY</strong> or
<strong>QUAD</strong> immediately after <strong>PP</strong>.
Only the paragraph in question gets justified or quadded
differently; subsequent paragraphs remain unaffected.
<p>
<strong>Mom</strong>'s default justification/quad-direction for
paragraphs is justified for
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE_TYPESET</a>
and quad left for
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE_TYPEWRITE</a>.
<a name="PARA_INDENT"><h3><u>5. First-line indent -- PARA_INDENT</u></h3></a>
The first-line indent of paragraphs is controlled by
<strong>PARA_INDENT</strong>, which takes one argument: the size
of the indent. <strong>PARA_INDENT</strong> may be used before
or after
<a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>.
A
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a>
is required; fractional sizes are allowed. Thus, to set the paragraph
indent to 4-1/2
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_EM">ems</a>, do
<p>
<pre>
.PARA_INDENT 4.5m
</pre>
In addition to establishing the basic first line-indent of
paragraphs, <strong>PARA_INDENT</strong> also affects
<a href="#EPIGRAPH_INTRO">epigraphs</a>,
<a href="#QUOTE_INTRO">quotes</a>
and
<a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_INTRO">blockquotes</a>,
whose overal indenting from the left and (where applicable) right
margins is relative to <strong>PARA_INDENT</strong>. Furthermore, the
first-line indent of paragraphs within these document elements (as well
as footnotes) is also relative to <strong>PARA_INDENT</strong> (always
1/2 of <strong>PARA_INDENT)</strong>), hence they are also affected.
<p>
<strong>Mom</strong>'s default <strong>PARA_INDENT</strong> is 2
ems for
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE_TYPESET</a>
and 3 picas (1/2 inch) for
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE_TYPEWRITE</a>.
<a name="PARA_INDENT_FIRST"><h3><u>6. Indenting initial paragraphs -- INDENT_FIRST_PARAS</u></h3></a>
By default, <strong>mom</strong> does not indent the first paragraph
of a document, nor the first paragraph after a head or
subhead, nor the first paragraphs of
<a href="#EPIGRAPH_INTRO">epigraphs</a>,
<a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_INTRO">blockquotes</a>
or
<a href="#FOOTNOTE_INTRO">footnotes</a>
that run to more than one paragraph.
<a name="INDENT_FIRST_PARAS"></a>
<p>
If you wish to have first paragraphs indented, invoke the macro
<strong>.INDENT_FIRST_PARAS</strong> with no argument, either
before or after
<a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>.
<strong>INDENT_FIRST_PARAS</strong> is a toggle macro, therefore
passing it any argument (<strong>OFF, QUIT, Q, X</strong>...) cancels
its effect, meaning that first paragraphs will once again NOT be
indented.
<a name="PP_SPACE"><h3><u>7. Spacing paragraphs -- PARA_SPACE</u></h3></a>
By default, <strong>mom</strong> does not insert a blank line
between paragraphs. If you would like her to do so, invoke the
macro <code>.PARA_SPACE</code> with no argument, either
before or after
<a href="docprocessing.html#START">START</a>.
<strong>PARA_SPACE</strong> is a toggle macro, therefore passing
it any argument (<strong>OFF, QUIT, Q, X</strong>...) cancels its
effect, meaning that paragraphs will once again NOT be separated by
a blank line.
<br>
<hr>
<!====================================================================>
<a name="HEAD_INTRO"><h2><u>Main heads</u></h2></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#HEAD">Tag: HEAD</a>
<li><a href="#HEAD_CONTROL">Head control macros</a>
</ul>
<p>
Main heads -- or, in this documentation, just "heads"
-- should be used any place you want titles to introduce major
sections of a document. If you wish, <strong>mom</strong> can number
your heads for you. Head numbers can also be included
hierarchically in numbered
<a href="#SUBHEAD_INTRO">subheads</a>
and
<a href="#PARAHEAD_INTRO">paraheads</a>.
<p>
By default, heads are centered on the page, underlined,
all in caps. A double linespace precedes each head. In <a
href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>, heads
are bold, slightly larger than paragraph text.
<p>
If these defaults don't suit you, you can change them with the
head control macros.
<br>
<!---HEAD--->
<hr width="66%" align="left">
<p>
<a name="HEAD">
Macro: <strong>HEAD</strong> <var>"<text of head>" [ "<2nd line>" [ "<3rd line>" ... ] ]</var>
</a>
<p>
The argument to <strong>HEAD</strong> is the text of the head,
surrounded by double-quotes. If you need additional lines for a
head, simply surround each line with double-quotes.
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> If a head falls near the bottom of an output page
and <strong>mom</strong> is unable to fit the head <em>plus at least
one line of text underneath it</em>, she will set the head at the
top of the next page.
<a name="HEAD_CONTROL"><h3><u>Head control macros</u></h3></a>
<p>
There are, in addition to the usual family/font/size/quad control
macros, a number of macros to manage head numbering, spacing,
underlining, and so on. Check them out if you're unhappy with
<strong>mom</strong>'s defaults.
<p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#HEAD_GENERAL">Family/font/size/quad</a>
<li><a href="#HEAD_CAPS">Caps</a>
<li><a href="#HEAD_SPACE">Pre-head space</a>
<li><a href="#HEAD_UNDERLINE">Underlining</a>
<li><a href="#NUMBER_HEADS">Numbering</a>
<li><a href="#RESET_HEAD_NUMBER">Reset head numbering</a>
<li><a href="#HEAD_INLINES">Vertical inline escapes inside heads</a>
</ol>
<p>
<a name="HEAD_GENERAL"><h3><u>1. Family/font/size/quad</u></h3></a>
<p>
See
<a href="#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS">Arguments to the control macros</a>.
<p>
<pre>
.HEAD_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.HEAD_FONT default = bold
.HEAD_SIZE default = +1 (point)
.HEAD_QUAD default = CENTER
</pre>
<a name="HEAD_CAPS"><h3><u>2. Capitalizing heads -- HEAD_CAPS</u></h3></a>
By default, <strong>mom</strong> sets heads in caps, regardless
of the
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_STRINGARGUMENT">string(s)</a>
you give to
<a href="#HEAD">HEAD</a>.
To change this behaviour, do
<p>
<pre>
.HEAD_CAPS OFF
</pre>
<strong>HEAD_CAPS</strong> is a toggle macro, therefore you can use
any argument you like instead of <strong>OFF</strong> (<strong>END,
QUIT, Q, X</strong>...). To turn <strong>HEAD_CAPS</strong> back on,
simply invoke it without an argument.
<a name="HEAD_SPACE"><h3><u>3. Space before heads -- HEAD_SPACE</u></h3></a>
By default, <strong>mom</strong> deposits 2 blank lines prior to every
head. If you'd prefer just a single blank line, do
<p>
<pre>
.HEAD_SPACE OFF
</pre>
<strong>HEAD_SPACE</strong> is a toggle macro, therefore you can use
any argument you like instead of <strong>OFF</strong> (<strong>END,
QUIT, Q, X</strong>...). To restore the space before heads to 2
blank lines, invoke <strong>HEAD_SPACE</strong> without an argument.
<a name="HEAD_UNDERLINE"><h3><u>4. Underlining heads -- HEAD_UNDERLINE</u></h3></a>
By default, <strong>mom</strong> underlines heads. To change this
behaviour, do
<p>
<pre>
.HEAD_UNDERLINE OFF
</pre>
<strong>HEAD_UNDERLINE</strong> is a toggle macro, therefore you can
use any argument you like instead of <strong>OFF</strong> (<strong>END,
QUIT, Q, X</strong>...). To restore underlining of heads, invoke
<strong>HEAD_UNDERLINE</strong> without an argument.
<a name="NUMBER_HEADS"><h3><u>5. Number heads -- NUMBER_HEADS</u></h3></a>
If you'd like your heads numbered, simply invoke
<strong>NUMBER_HEADS</strong> with no argument. <strong>Mom</strong>
will number all subsequent heads automatically (in ascending order,
naturally).
<p>
If, in addition to numbering heads, you also request that
<a href="#SUBHEAD_INTRO">subheads</a>
and/or
<a href="#PARAHEAD_INTRO">paraheads</a>
be numbered, the head number will be included in their numbers
(each number separated by a period [dot]).
<p>
Should you wish to stop head numbering, invoke
<strong>NUMBER_HEADS</strong> with any argument (<strong>OFF, QUIT,
END, X</strong>...). Head numbering will cease, and the head number
will not be included in the numbering of subheads and/or paraheads.
<a name="RESET_HEAD_NUMBER"><h3><u>6. Reset head numbering -- RESET_HEAD_NUMBER</u></h3></a>
Should you wish to reset the head number to "1", invoke
<strong>RESET_HEAD_NUMBER</strong> with no argument. If, for some
reason, you want <strong>mom</strong> to use a head number that is not
the next in ascending order (i.e. the last head number + 1), invoke
<strong>RESET_HEAD_NUMBER</strong> with the number you want, e.g.
<p>
<pre>
.RESET_HEAD_NUMBER 6
</pre>
Your next head will be numbered "6" and subsequent heads will
be numbered in ascending order from "6".
<a name="HEAD_INLINES"><h3><u>7. Vertical inline escapes inside heads</u></h3></a>
If you need to adjust the
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_BASELINE">baseline</a>
position of a head (e.g. the head falls at the top of a column and
you want its
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_ASCENDER">ascenders</a>
to line up with the ascenders of
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_RUNNING">running text</a>
in other columns), you can embed a vertical motion
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_INLINES">inline escape</a>
(either
<a href="typesetting.html#INLINE_VERTICAL_MOM">mom's</a>
or
<a href="typesetting.html#INLINE_VERTICAL_GROFF">groff's</a>
in the string(s) you pass to <strong>HEAD</strong>
<p>
For example,
<p>
<pre>
.HEAD "\[ALD3]Text of head
</pre>
will lower the baseline of the head by three points. Note that
there's no need to reverse the sense of the inline escape.
<p>
In the case of heads that run to more than one line, you must embed
the escape in the string for each line, like this:
<p>
<pre>
.HEAD "\[ALD3]First line" "\[ALD3]Next line"
</pre>
<br>
<hr>
<!====================================================================>
<a name="SUBHEAD_INTRO"><h2><u>Subheads</u></h2></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#SUBHEAD">Tag: SUBHEAD</a>
<li><a href="#SUBHEAD_CONTROL">Subhead control macros</a>
</ul>
<p>
Subheads should be used any place you want titles to introduce
sections of a document below heads. If you wish, <strong>mom</strong>
can number subheads for you. Subhead numbers can also be included
hierarchically in numbered
<a href="#PARAHEAD_INTRO">paraheads</a>.
<p>
By default, subheads are flush left. In
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>,
they are set bold, slightly larger than paragraph text. In
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>,
they are underlined. A single linespace precedes them in both
printstyles, and a tiny space adjustment raises them slightly
above text that comes afterwards for greater clarity in
document structuring.
<p>
If these defaults don't suit you, you can change them with the
subhead control macros.
<br>
<!---SUBHEAD--->
<hr width="66%" align="left">
<p>
<a name="SUBHEAD">
Macro: <strong>SUBHEAD</strong> <var>"<text of subhead>" [ "<2nd line>" [ "<3rd line>" ... ] ]</var>
</a>
<p>
The argument to <strong>SUBHEAD</strong> is the text of the subhead,
surrounded by double-quotes. If you need additional lines for a
subhead, simply surround each line with double-quotes.
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> If a subhead falls near the bottom of an output
page and <strong>mom</strong> is unable to fit the head <em>plus at
least one line of text underneath it</em>, she will set the subhead
at the top of the next page.
<a name="SUBHEAD_CONTROL"><h3><u>Subhead control macros</u></h3></a>
<p>
In addition to the usual family/font/size/quad control
macros, there are macros to manage subhead numbering.
<p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#SUBHEAD_GENERAL">Family/font/size/quad</a>
<li><a href="#NUMBER_SUBHEADS">Numbering</a>
<li><a href="#RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBER">Reset subhead numbering</a>
<li><a href="#SUBHEAD_INLINES">Vertical inline escapes inside subheads</a>
</ol>
<p>
<a name="SUBHEAD_GENERAL"><h3><u>1. Family/font/size/quad</u></h3></a>
<p>
See
<a href="#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS">Arguments to the control macros</a>.
<p>
<pre>
.SUBHEAD_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.SUBHEAD_FONT default = bold
.SUBHEAD_SIZE default = +.5 (point)
.SUBHEAD_QUAD default = LEFT
</pre>
<a name="NUMBER_SUBHEADS"><h3><u>2. Number subheads -- NUMBER_SUBHEADS</u></h3></a>
If you'd like your subheads numbered, simply invoke
<strong>.NUMBER_SUBHEADS</strong> with no argument.
<strong>Mom</strong> will number all subsequent subheads automatically
(in ascending order, naturally).
<p>
If, in addition to numbering subheads, you also request that
<a href="#HEAD_INTRO">heads</a>
be numbered, the head number will be included in the subhead number
(separated by a period [dot]).
<p>
Should you wish to stop subhead numbering, invoke
<strong>NUMBER_SUBHEADS</strong> with any argument (<strong>OFF, QUIT,
END, X</strong>...). Subhead numbering will cease, and the subhead
number will not be included in the numbering of paraheads.
<a name="RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBER"><h3><u>3. Reset head numbering -- RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBER</u></h3></a>
Should you wish to reset the subhead number to "1", invoke
<strong>RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBER</strong> with no argument. If, for some
reason, you want <strong>mom</strong> to use a subhead number that is not
the next in ascending order (i.e. the last subhead number + 1), invoke
<strong>RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBER</strong> with the number you want, e.g.
<p>
<pre>
.RESET_SUBHEAD_NUMBER 4
</pre>
Your next subhead will be numbered "4" and subsequent
subheads will be numbered in ascending order from "4".
<a name="#SUBHEAD_INLINES"><h3><u>Vertical inline escapes inside subheads</u></h3></a>
See
<a href="#HEAD_INLINES">Vertical inline escapes inside heads</a>.
The information there applies equally to subheads.
<br>
<hr>
<!====================================================================>
<a name="PARAHEAD_INTRO"><h2><u>Paragraph heads</u></h2></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#PARAHEAD">Tag: PARAHEAD</a>
<li><a href="#PARAHEAD_CONTROL">Parahead control macros</a>
</ul>
<p>
Paragraph heads (paraheads) should be used any place you want titles
to introduce paragraphs below heads or subheads. If you wish,
<strong>mom</strong> can number paraheads for you.
<p>
By default, paraheads are joined to the body of a paragraph,
slightly indented (provided the paragraph is not a
"first" paragraph as defined in
<a href="#PARA_INDENT_FIRST">Indenting initial paragraphs</a>).
In
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>,
they are set bold italic, slightly larger than paragraph text. In
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>,
they are underlined.
<p>
If these defaults don't suit you, you can change them with the
parahead control macros.
<br>
<!---PARAHEAD--->
<hr width="66%" align="left">
<p>
<a name="PARAHEAD">
Macro: <strong>PARAHEAD</strong> <var>"<text of parahead>"</var>
</a>
<p>
<strong>PARAHEAD</strong> must come AFTER
<a href="#PP">PP</a>
or it will not work!
<p>
The argument is the text of the parahead, surrounded by double-quotes.
Because paraheads are joined to the body of a paragraph, they accept
only one argument (see
<a href="#HEAD">HEAD</a>
and
<a href="#SUBHEAD">SUBHEAD</a>).
<a name="PARAHEAD_CONTROL"><h3><u>Parahead control macros</u></h3></a>
<p>
In addition to the family/font/size/indent control macros, there are
macros to manage parahead numbering.
<p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#PARAHEAD_GENERAL">Family/font/size</a>
<li><a href="#PARAHEAD_INDENT">Indent</a>
<li><a href="#NUMBER_PARAHEADS">Numbering</a>
<li><a href="#RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBER">Reset parahead numbering</a>
</ol>
<p>
<a name="PARAHEAD_GENERAL"><h3><u>1. Family/font/size</u></h3></a>
<p>
See
<a href="#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS">Arguments to the control macros</a>.
<p>
<pre>
.PARAHEAD_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.PARAHEAD_FONT default = bold italic
.PARAHEAD_SIZE default = +.5 (point)
</pre>
<a name="PARAHEAD_INDENT"><h3><u>2. Indent</u></h3></a>
Unlike other control macros that end in
<a href="#CONTROL_INDENTS"><strong>_INDENT</strong></a>,
the argument to the macro that controls indenting of paragraph heads
(<strong>PARAHEAD_INDENT</strong>) is NOT relative to the first-line
indent of normal paragraphs. In other words, it takes an absolute
value, and requires a
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a>.
For example, to set the paragraph head indent to 2-1/2 picas, you
do:
<p>
<pre>
.PARAHEAD_INDENT 2.5P
</pre>
<strong>Mom</strong>'s default indent for paragraph heads is 1/2
the first-line indent of normal paragraphs (both printstyles).
However, as stated above, if you choose to change the indent, you
must give an absolute value (unless you're a groff expert and want
to manipulate the number register <code>\n[#PP_INDENT]u</code>
arithmetically as the argument to <strong>PARAHEAD_INDENT</strong>
for an indent that's relative to <strong>PP_INDENT</strong>.)
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> Paragraph heads in "first
paragraphs", as defined in
<a href="#PARA_INDENT_FIRST">Indenting initial paragraphs</a>,
are not indented unless you turn
<a href="#INDENT_FIRST_PARAS">INDENT_FIRST_PARAS</a>
on.
<a name="NUMBER_PARAHEADS"><h3><u>3. Number paraheads -- NUMBER_PARAHEADS</u></h3></a>
If you'd like your paraheads numbered, simply invoke
<strong>.NUMBER_PARAHEADS</strong> with no argument.
<strong>Mom</strong> will number all subsequent paraheads automatically
(in ascending order, naturally).
<p>
If, in addition to numbering paraheads, you also request that
<a href="#HEAD_INTRO">heads</a>
and
<a href="#SUBHEAD_INTRO">subheads</a>
be numbered, the head and/or subhead number will be included in the
parahead number (separated by a period [dot]).
<p>
Should you wish to stop parahead numbering, invoke
<strong>NUMBER_PARAHEADS</strong> with any argument (<strong>OFF,
QUIT, END, X</strong>...). Parahead numbering will cease.
<a name="RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBER"><h3><u>4. Reset head numbering -- RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBER</u></h3></a>
Should you wish to reset the parahead number to "1", invoke
<strong>RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBER</strong> with no argument. If, for some
reason, you want <strong>mom</strong> to use a parahead number that is not
the next in ascending order (i.e. the last parahead number + 1), invoke
<strong>RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBER</strong> with the number you want, e.g.
<p>
<pre>
.RESET_PARAHEAD_NUMBER 7
</pre>
Your next parahead will be numbered "7" and subsequent
paraheads will be numbered in ascending order from "7".
<br>
<hr>
<!====================================================================>
<a name="LINEBREAK_INTRO"><h2><u>Author linebreaks</u></h2></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#LINEBREAK">Tag: LINEBREAK</a>
<li><a href="#LINEBREAK_CHAR">Linebreak character control macro</a>
</ul>
<p>
By default, <strong>mom</strong> marks
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_LINEBREAK">author linebreaks</a>
with three centered asterisks. You can change this behaviour
with the linebreak character
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_CONTROLMACRO">control macro</a>.
<br>
<!---LINEBREAK--->
<hr width="66%" align="left">
<p>
<a name="LINEBREAK">
Macro: <strong>LINEBREAK</strong>
</a>
<p>
<strong>LINEBREAK</strong> takes no arguments. Simply invoke it
(on a line by itself, of course) whenever you want to insert an
author linebreak. The appearance of the linebreak is controlled
by the
<a href="#LINEBREAK_CHAR">LINEBREAK_CHAR</a>
macro.
<h3><u>Linebreak character control macro</u></h3>
<p>
<a name="LINEBREAK_CHAR">
Macro: <strong>LINEBREAK_CHAR</strong> <var>[ <character> ] [ <iterations> [ <vertical adjustment> ] ]</var>
</a>
<br>
<em>*The third optional argument requires a
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a></em>.
<p>
<strong>LINEBREAK_CHAR</strong> determines what <strong>mom</strong>
prints when <strong>LINEBREAK</strong> is invoked. It takes 3
optional arguments: the character you want deposited at the line
break, the number of times you want the character repeated, and a
vertical adjustment factor.
<p>
The first argument is any legal groff character (e.g. <kbd>*</kbd>
[an asterisk], <kbd>\(dg</kbd> [a dagger], <kbd>\f(ZD\N'141\fP</kbd>
[an arbitrary character from Zapf Dingbats], <kbd>\l'4P'</kbd>
[a 4-pica long rule]). <strong>Mom</strong> sets the character
centered on the current line length.
<p>
The second argument is the number of times to repeat the character.
<p>
The third argument is a +|- value by which to raise (+) or lower (-)
the character in order to make it appear visually centered between
sections of text. This lets you make vertical adjustments
to characters that don't sit on the
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_BASELINE">baseline</a>
(such as asterisks). The argument must be preceded by a plus or
minus sign, and must include a unit of measure.
<p>
If you enter <strong>LINEBREAK_CHAR</strong> with no arguments,
sections of text will be separated by two blank lines.
<p>
<strong>Mom</strong>'s default for <strong>LINEBREAK_CHAR</strong> is
<p>
<pre>
.LINEBREAK_CHAR * 3 -3p
</pre>
i.e. three asterisks, lowered 3 points from their normal vertical
position (for
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>;
the vertical adjustment is -2 points for
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>).
<br>
<hr>
<!====================================================================>
<a name="QUOTE_INTRO"><h2><u>Quotes (line for line)</u></h2></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#QUOTE">Tag: QUOTE</a>
<li><a href="#QUOTE_CONTROL">Quote control macros</a>
</ul>
<p>
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_QUOTE">Quotes</a>
are always set in
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_NOFILL">nofill mode</a>,
flush left. This permits entering quotes on a line for line basis in
your text editor and have them come out the same way on output copy.
(See
<a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_INTRO">Blockquotes</a>
for how quotes, in the present sense, differ from longer
passages of cited text.)
<p>
Since <strong>mom</strong> originally came into being to serve
the needs of creative writers (i.e. novelists, short story
writers, etc. -- not to cast aspersions on the creativity of
mathematicians and programmers), she sets quotes in italics
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">(PRINTSTYLE TYPESET)</a>
or underlined
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">(PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE)</a>,
indented from the left margin. Obviously, she's thinking
"quotes from poetry or song lyrics", but with the
quote control macros you can change her defaults so
<strong>QUOTE</strong> serves other needs, e.g. entering snippets of
programming code, command line instructions, and so on.
<p>
<a name="QUOTE_SPACING"></a>
Besides indenting quotes, <strong>mom</strong> further sets them
off from
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_RUNNING">running text</a>
with a small amount of vertical whitespace top and bottom. In
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>,
this is always one full linespace. In
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>,
it's 1/2 of the prevailing
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_LEADING">leading</a>
if the quote fits fully on the page (i.e. with running text above
and below it), otherwise it's a full linespace either above or below
as is necessary to balance the page to the bottom margin. This
behaviour can be changed with the control macro
<a href="#ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES">ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES</a>.
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> <strong>ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES</strong>
applies to both
<a href="#QUOTE">QUOTE</a>
and
<a href="#BLOCKQUOTE">BLOCKQUOTE</a>,
as does the control macro
<a href="#QUOTE_INDENT">QUOTE_INDENT</a>.
<br>
<!---QUOTE--->
<hr width="66%" align="left">
<p>
<a name="QUOTE">
Macro: <strong>QUOTE</strong> <var>toggle</var>
</a>
<p>
<strong>QUOTE</strong> is a toggle macro. To begin a section of
quoted text, invoke it with no argument, then type in your quote.
When you're finished, invoke <strong>QUOTE</strong> with any
argument (e.g. OFF, END, X, Q...) to turn it off. Example:
<p>
<pre>
.QUOTE
Nymphomaniacal Jill
Used a dynamite stick for a thrill
They found her vagina
In North Carolina
And bits of her tits in Brazil.
.QUOTE END
</pre>
<a name="QUOTE_CONTROL"><h3><u>Quote control macros</u></h3></a>
<ol>
<li><a href="#QUOTE_GENERAL">Family/font/size/indent</a>
<li><a href="#ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES">Spacing above and below (typeset only)</a>
<li><a href="#UNDERLINE_QUOTES">Underline quotes (typewrite only)</a>
<li><a href="#BREAK_QUOTE">Manually break a footnoted quote that crosses pages/columns</a>
</ol>
<p>
<a name="QUOTE_GENERAL"><h3><u>1. Family/font/size/indent</u></h3></a>
<p>
See
<a href="#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS">Arguments to the control macros</a>.
<p>
<pre>
.QUOTE_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.QUOTE_FONT default = italic
.QUOTE_SIZE default = 0 (i.e. same size as paragraph text)
<a name="QUOTE_INDENT">.QUOTE_INDENT default = paragraph indent x 3 (typeset); x 2 (typewrite)</a>
(note that this macro also sets the indents (left and right)
for blockquotes)
</pre>
<a name="ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES"><h3><u>2. Spacing above and below -- ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES (typeset only)</u></h3></a>
If you'd like <strong>mom</strong> always to put a full linespace above
and below quotes, invoke <strong>.ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES</strong>
with no argument. If you wish to restore <strong>mom</strong>'s
default behaviour regarding the spacing of quotes (see
<a href="#QUOTE_SPACING">above</a>),
invoke the macro with any argument (<strong>OFF, QUIT, END,
X</strong>...)
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> This macro also sets <strong>mom</strong>'s
spacing policy for
<a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_INTRO">blockquotes</a>.
<a name="UNDERLINE_QUOTES"><h3><u>3. Underlining -- UNDERLINE_QUOTES (typewrite only)</u></h3></a>
By default in
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>,
<strong>mom</strong> underlines quotes. If you'd rather she didn't,
invoke <strong>.UNDERLINE_QUOTES</strong> with any argument
(<strong>OFF, QUIT, END, X</strong>...) to disable the feature.
Invoke it without an argument to restore <strong>mom</strong>'s
default underlining of quotes.
<p>
If you not only wish that <strong>mom</strong> not underline
quotes, but also that she set them in italic, you must follow each
instance of <strong>QUOTE</strong> with the typesetting macro <a
href="typesetting.html#FONT">FT I</a>.
Furthermore, since <strong>mom</strong> underlines all instances
of italics by default in <strong>PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</strong>,
you must also make sure that <strong>ITALIC_MEANS_ITALIC</strong>
is enabled (see
<a href="docprocessing.html#TYPEWRITE_CONTROL">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE control macros</a>).
<a name="BREAK_QUOTE"><h3><u>4. Manually break a footnoted quote -- BREAK_QUOTE</u></h3></a>
Exceptionally, a quote or blockquote containing a footnote may crosse
a page or column. When this happens, the footnote marker may not be
correct for its position relative to other footnotes on the page, and
the footnote itself may appear on the wrong page or at the bottom of
the wrong column. When this happens, study your output to determine
the precise point at which the quote breaks (or at which you want
it to break), and add <code>.BREAK_QUOTE</code> on a line by itself
afterwards. No other intervention is required, and the footnote(s)
will be marked correctly and appear on the correct page.
<p>
<strong>BREAK_QUOTE</strong> may be used with both quotes and
blockquotes, and hence is aliased as <strong>BREAK_BLOCKQUOTE,
BREAK_CITATION</strong> and <strong>BREAK_CITE</strong>.
<br>
<hr>
<!====================================================================>
<a name="BLOCKQUOTE_INTRO"><h2><u>Blockquotes (cited passages)</u></h2></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#BLOCKQUOTE">Tag: BLOCKQUOTE (aliases: CITE, CITATION)</a>
<li><a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_CONTROL">BLOCKQUOTE control macros</a>
</ul>
<p>
<strong>BLOCKQUOTES</strong> are used to cite passages from another
author's work. So that they stand out well from
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_RUNNING">running text</a>,
<strong>mom</strong> indents them from both the left and right margins
and sets them in a different point size
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">(PRINTSTYLE TYPESET</a>
only).
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_OUTPUTLINE">Output lines</a>
are
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FILLED">filled</a>,
and, by default,
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_QUAD">quadded</a>
left.
<p>
Besides indenting blockquotes, <strong>mom</strong> further sets them
off from running text with a small amount of vertical whitespace top
and bottom. (See
<a href="#QUOTE_SPACING">above</a>
for a complete explanation of how this is managed, and how to control it.)
<p>
You may notice that <strong>BLOCKQUOTE</strong> has no macro to
control
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_LEADING">leading</a>,
although you can change the point size. There are Very Good
Reasons for this. If you can't live with the limitation, change
the leading of blockquotes (after invoking the tag) with
<a href="typesetting.html#LS">LS</a>,
but know that there will be Bottom Margin Consequences.
<br>
<!---BLOCKQUOTE--->
<hr width="66%" align="left">
<p>
<a name="BLOCKQUOTE">
Macro: <strong>BLOCKQUOTE</strong> <var>toggle</var>
<br>
Aliases: <strong>CITE, CITATION</strong>
</a>
<p>
<strong>BLOCKQUOTE</strong> is a toggle macro. To begin a
cited passage, invoke the tag with no argument, then type in your quote.
When you're finished, invoke <strong>BLOCKQUOTE</strong> with any
argument (e.g. OFF, END, X, Q...) to turn it off. Example:
<p>
<pre>
.BLOCKQUOTE
Redefining the role of the United States from enablers to keep
the peace to enablers to keep the peace from peacekeepers is
going to be an assignment.
.RIGHT
\(emGeorge W. Bush
.BLOCKQUOTE END
</pre>
If the cited passage runs to more than one paragraph, you MUST
introduce each paragraph -- <em>including the first!</em> --
with
<a href="#PP">PP</a>.
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> The aliases <strong>CITE</strong>
and <strong>CITATION</strong> may be used in place of the
<strong>BLOCKQUOTE</strong> tag, but "CITE" and
"CITATION" must not be used to replace "BLOCKQUOTE"
in any of the tag's control macros.
<a name="BLOCKQUOTE_CONTROL"><h3><u>Blockquote control macros</u></h3></a>
<ol>
<li><a href="#BLOCKQUOTE_GENERAL">Family/font/size/indent</a>
<li><a href="#ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES">Spacing above and below (typeset only)</a>
<li><a href="#BREAK_QUOTE">Manually break a footnoted blockquote that crosses pages/columns</a>
</ol>
<p>
<a name="BLOCKQUOTE_GENERAL"><h3><u>1. Family/font/size/indent</u></h3></a>
<p>
See
<a href="#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS">Arguments to the control macros</a>.
<p>
<pre>
.BLOCKQUOTE_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.BLOCKQUOTE_FONT default = italic
.BLOCKQUOTE_SIZE default = -1 (point)
.QUOTE_INDENT default = paragraph indent x 3 (typeset); x 2 (typewrite)</a>
(note that this macro also sets the left indent for quotes)
</pre>
<a name="ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES"><h3><u>2. Spacing above and below -- ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES (typeset only)</u></h3></a>
If you'd like <strong>mom</strong> always to put a full linespace above
and below blockquotes, invoke <strong>.ALWAYS_FULLSPACE_QUOTES</strong>
with no argument. If you wish to restore <strong>mom</strong>'s
default behaviour regarding the spacing of blockquotes (see
<a href="#QUOTE_SPACING">above</a>),
invoke the macro with any argument (<strong>OFF, QUIT, END,
X</strong>...).
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> This macro also sets <strong>mom</strong>'s
spacing policy for
<a href="#QUOTE_INTRO">quotes</a>.
<br>
<hr>
<!====================================================================>
<a name="FOOTNOTE_INTRO"><h2><u>Footnotes</u></h2></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE">Tag: FOOTNOTE</a>
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE_CONTROL">FOOTNOTE control macros</a>
</ul>
<p>
For something so complex behind the scenes, footnotes are easy to use.
You just type, for example
<p>
<a name="FOOTNOTE_EXAMPLE"></a>
<pre>
...the doctrines of Identity as urged by Schelling\c
.FOOTNOTE
<footnote about who the hell is Schelling>
.FOOTNOTE OFF
were generally the points of discussion presenting the most
of beauty to the imaginative Morella.
</pre>
and be done with it. (Note the obligatory use of the
<strong>\c</strong>
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_INLINES">inline escape</a>.)
<strong>Mom</strong> takes care of everything:
putting footnote markers in the body of the document, keeping track
of how many footnotes are on the page, identifying the footnotes
themeselves appropriately, balancing them properly with the botton
margin, deferring footnotes that don't fit on the page... Even if
you're using
<a href="columns.html#COLUMNS">COLUMNS</a>,
<strong>mom</strong> knows what to do, and Does The Right Thing.
<p>
Footnotes can be sly little beasts, though. If you're writing a
document that's footnote-heavy, you might want to read the following.
<a name="FOOTNOTE_BEHAVIOUR"><h3><u>Footnote behaviour</u></h3></a>
<p>
By default, <strong>mom</strong> marks footnotes with
alternating stars (asterisks) and daggers. The first footnote
gets a star, the second a dagger, the third two stars,
the fourth two daggers, etc. If you prefer numbered footnotes, rest
assured <strong>mom</strong> is happy to oblige.
<p>
A small amount of vertical whitespace and a short horizontal rule
separate footnotes from the document body. The amount of whitespace
varies slightly from page to page depending on the number of lines
in the footnotes. <strong>Mom</strong> tries for a nice balance
between too little whitespace and too much, but when push comes to
shove, she'll opt for ample over cramped. The last lines of footnotes
are always flush with the document's bottom margin.
<p>
If <strong>mom</strong> sees that a portion of a footnote cannot
be fit on its page, she carries that portion over to the next
page. If an entire footnote can't be fitted on its page (i.e.
<strong>FOOTNOTE</strong> has been called too close to the bottom),
she defers the footnote to the next page, but sets it with the
appropriate marker from the previous page.
<p>
In the unfortunate happenstance that a deferred footnote is the
only footnote on its page (i.e. it's marked in the document body with
a star) and the page it's deferred has its own footnotes,
<strong>mom</strong> separates the deferred footnote from the page's
proper footnote(s) with a blank line. This avoids the confusion that
might result from readers seeing two footnote entries on the same page
identified by a single star (or the number 1 if you've requested
numbered footnotes that begin at 1 on every page). The blank line
makes it clear that the first footnote entry belongs to the previous
page.
<p>
In the circumstance where a deferred footnote is not the only one on
its page, and is consequently marked by something other than a single
star, there's no confusion and <strong>mom</strong> doesn't bother
with the blank line. (By convention, the first footnote on a page is
always marked with a single star, so if readers see, say, a dagger or two
stars marking the first footnote entry, they'll know the entry belongs
to the previous page).
<p>
Obviously, deferred footnotes aren't an issue if you request numbered
footnotes that increase incrementally throughout the whole document --
yet another convenience <strong>mom</strong> has thought of.
<p>
Exceptionally, you may encounter problems with footnotes inside
quotes and blockquotes that cross a page or column. See
<a href="#BREAK_QUOTE">BREAK_QUOTE</a>
for a solution.
<br>
<!---FOOTNOTE--->
<hr width="66%" align="left">
<p>
<a name="FOOTNOTE">
Macro: <strong>FOOTNOTE</strong> <var><toggle> | INDENT LEFT | RIGHT | BOTH <indent value></var>
<br>
<em>*See <a href="#FOOTNOTE_NOTE">HYPER-IMPORTANT NOTE</a>!!!
<br>
<indent value> requires a
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a></em>
</a>
<p>
<strong>FOOTNOTE</strong> is a toggle macro, therefore invoking it
on a line by itself allows you to enter a footnote in the body of a
document. Invoking it with any argument <em>other than INDENT</em>
(i.e. <strong>OFF, QUIT, END, X...</strong>) tells <strong>mom</strong>
you're finished.
<p>
Footnotes are the only element of
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_RUNNING">running text</a>
that are not affected by the typesetting
<a href="typesetting.html#INDENTS">indent macros</a>.
In the unlikely event that you want a page's footnotes to line
up with a running indent, invoke <strong>FOOTNOTE</strong> with
the <strong>INDENT</strong> argument and pass it an indent
direction and indent value. <strong>L, R,</strong> and
<strong>B</strong> may be used in place of <strong>LEFT,
RIGHT,</strong> and <strong>BOTH</strong>.
<strong>FOOTNOTE</strong> must be invoked with <strong>INDENT</strong>
for every footnote you want indented; <strong>Mom</strong> does
not save any footnote indent information from invocation to
invocation.
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> If a footnote runs to more than one
paragraph(!), <strong>DO NOT</strong> begin the footnote with
the
<a href="#PP">PP</a>
tag. Use <strong>PP</strong> only to introduce subsequent paragraphs.
<p>
<a name="FOOTNOTE_NOTE"><strong>HYPER-IMPORTANT NOTE:</strong></a>
The final word on the
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_INPUTLINE">input line</a>
that comes immediately before <strong>FOOTNOTE</strong> MUST terminate
with a
<a href="typesetting.html#JOIN">\c</a>
inline escape. Otherwise, the footnote marker for the word won't be attached to
it (i.e. <strong>mom</strong> will insert a word space between the word
and the marker). See the
<a href="#FOOTNOTE_EXAMPLE">footnote example</a>
above.
<p>
<a name="FOOTNOTE_CONTROL"><h3><u>Footnote control macros</u></h3></a>
<ol>
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE_GENERAL">Family/font/size/lead/quad</a>
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE_MARKERS">Footnote markers</a> -- on or off
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE_MARKER_STYLE">Footnote marker style</a> -- star+dagger or numbered
<li><a href="#RESET_FOOTNOTE_NUMBER">Reset footnote number</a> -- set footnote marker number to 1
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE_RULE">Footnote rule</a> -- on or off
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE_RULE_LENGTH">Footnote rule length</a> -- length of footnote separator rule
<li><a href="#FOOTNOTE_RULE_ADJ">Adjust vertical position of footnote separator rule</a>
</ol>
<p>
<a name="FOOTNOTE_GENERAL"><h3><u>1. Family/font/size/quad/lead</u></h3></a>
<p>
See
<a href="#CONTROL_MACRO_ARGS">Arguments to the control macros</a>.
<p>
<pre>
.FOOTNOTE_FAMILY default = prevailing document family; default is Times Roman
.FOOTNOTE_FONT default = roman
.FOOTNOTE_SIZE default = -2 (points)
.FOOTNOTE_AUTOLEAD default = 2 points (typeset); single-spaced (typewrite)
.FOOTNOTE_QUAD default = same as paragraphs
</pre>
<a name="FOOTNOTE_MARKERS"><h3><u>2. Footnote markers -- FOOTNOTE_MARKERS</u></h3></a>
If you don't want footnote markers, in either the body of
the document or beside footnote entries themselves, toggle
them off with <strong>.FOOTNOTE_MARKERS OFF</strong> (or
<strong>END, QUIT, X</strong>...). This means, of course, that
you'll have to roll your own. If you want them back on, invoke
<strong>.FOOTNOTE_MARKERS</strong> with no argument. Footnote markers
are on by default.
<a name="FOOTNOTE_MARKER_STYLE"><h3><u>3. Footnote marker style -- FOOTNOTE_MARKER_STYLE</u></h3></a>
<strong>Mom</strong> gives you two choices of footnote marker style:
star+dagger (see
<a href="#FOOTNOTE_BEHAVIOUR">footnote behaviour</a>
above), or numbered.
<p>
<strong>.FOOTNOTE_MARKER_STYLE STAR</strong> gives you star+dagger
(the default). There is a limit of 10 footnotes per page with
this style.
<p>
<strong>.FOOTNOTE_MARKER_STYLE NUMBER</strong> gives you superscript
numbers, both in the document body and in the footnote entries
themselves. By default, footnote numbers increase incrementally
(prev. footnote number + 1) throughout the whole document. You can
ask <strong>mom</strong> to start each page's footnote numbers at 1
with <strong>.RESET_FOOTNOTE_NUMBER</strong> (see below).
<a name="RESET_FOOTNOTE_NUMBER"><h3><u>4. Reset footnote number -- RESET FOOTNOTE NUMBER</u></h3></a>
<strong>.RESET_FOOTNOTE_NUMBER</strong>, by itself, resets
footnote numbering so that the next footnote you enter is
numbered 1.
<p>
<strong>.RESET_FOOTNOTE_NUMBER PAGE</strong> tells
<strong>mom</strong> to start every page's footnote numbering at 1.
<a name="FOOTNOTE_RULE"><h3><u>5. Footnote rule -- FOOTNOTE_RULE</u></h3></a>
If you don't want a footnote separator rule, toggle it off with
<strong>.FOOTNOTE_RULE OFF</strong> (or <strong>END,
QUIT, X</strong>...). Toggle it back on by invoking
<strong>.FOOTNOTE_RULE</strong> with no argument. The default is to
print the rule.
<a name="FOOTNOTE_RULE_LENGTH"><h3><u>6. Footnote rule length -- FOOTNOTE_RULE_LENGTH</u></h3></a>
If you want to change the length of the footnote separator rule,
invoke <strong>.FOOTNOTE_RULE_LENGTH</strong> with a length, like
this,
<p>
<pre>
.FOOTNOTE_RULE_LENGTH 1i
</pre>
which sets the length to 1 inch. Note that a
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a>
is required. The default is 4
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_PICASPOINTS">picas</a>
for both
<a href="docprocessing.html#PRINTSTYLE">printstyles</a>.
<a name="FOOTNOTE_RULE_ADJ"><h3><u>7. Adjust vertical position of footnote separator rule -- FOOTNOTE_RULE_ADJ</u></h3></a>
The footnote separator rule is actually a baseline rule that falls
on the
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_BASELINE">baseline</a>
of the first line of a page's footnotes. By default,
<strong>mom</strong> raises the rule 3
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_PICASPOINTS">points</a>
from the baseline so that the separator and the footnotes don't
look jammed together. If you'd prefer a different vertical
adjustment, invoke <strong>.FOOTNOTE_RULE_ADJ</strong> with the
amount you'd like. For example
<p>
<pre>
.FOOTNOTE_RULE_ADJ 4.25p
</pre>
raises the rule by 4-1/4 points. Note that you can only raise
the rule, not lower it. A
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_UNITOFMEASURE">unit of measure</a>
is required.
<br>
<hr>
<!====================================================================>
<a name="FINIS_INTRO"><h2><u>Terminate document processing</u></h2></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#FINIS">Tag: FINIS</a>
<li><a href="#FINIS_STRING">Changing the FINIS string</a>
</ul>
<p>
The use of <strong>FINIS</strong> is optional. If you invoke it
(at the end of a document, of course), <strong>mom</strong> turns off
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FOOTER">footers</a>
(if they're on) and page numbering (if page
numbers are at the bottom of the page) and deposits the word
END, centered after a blank line, beneath the last
line of the document. END is enclosed between
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_EM">em-dashes</a>.
<p>
If you're writing in a language other than English, you can
change what <strong>mom</strong> prints for END with
the control macro <strong>FINIS_STRING</strong>.
<br>
<!---FINIS--->
<hr width="66%" align="left">
<p>
<a name="FINIS">
Macro: <strong>FINIS</strong>
</a>
<p>
The use of <strong>FINIS</strong> is optional, but if you use
it, it should be the last macro you invoke in a document. See
<a href="#FINIS_INTRO">above</a>
for a description of how <strong>FINIS</strong> behaves.
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> If you don't use <strong>FINIS</strong>,
and you don't want
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_FOOTER">footers</a>
(if they're on) or a page number at the bottom of the last page of
a document, you have to turn them off manually, as the last two
lines of your document file, like this:
<p>
<pre>
.FOOTERS OFF
.PAGINATE OFF
</pre>
<a name="FINIS_STRING"><h3><u>Changing the FINIS string</u></h3></a>
<p>
By default, <strong>FINIS</strong> prints the word
END between
<a href="definitions.html#TERMS_EM">em-dashes</a>.
If you'd like <strong>mom</strong> to print something else
between the dashes, use the <strong>FINIS_STRING</strong> macro
(anywhere in the document prior to <strong>FINIS</strong>).
<p>
For example, if your document's in French, you'd do
<p>
<pre>
.FINIS_STRING "FIN"
</pre>
Double-quotes must enclose the macro's argument.
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> If you pass <strong>FINIS_STRING</strong>
a blank string, i.e.
<p>
<pre>
.FINIS_STRING ""
</pre>
<strong>mom</strong> will still print the em-dashes if you
invoke <strong>FINIS</strong>. This, in effect, produces a
short, centered horizontal rule that terminates the document.
(In
<a href="docprocessing.html.#PRINTSTYLE">PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE</a>,
it's a short, dashed line composed of four hyphens.)
<p>
<hr>
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