This switches `deriv_clause_tys` so that instead of using a list of
`LHsSigType`s to represent the types in a `deriving` clause, it now
uses a sum type. `DctSingle` represents a `deriving` clause with no
enclosing parentheses, while `DctMulti` represents a clause with
enclosing parentheses. This makes pretty-printing easier and avoids
confusion between `HsParTy` and the enclosing parentheses in
`deriving` clauses, which are different semantically.

Fixes #18662.

This is useful for `ghcide`

Two bugs, #18627 and #18649, had the same cause: we were not
account for the fact that a constaint tuple might hide an implicit
parameter.

The solution is not hard: look for implicit parameters in
superclasses.  See Note [Local implicit parameters] in
GHC.Core.Predicate.

Then we use this new function in two places

* The "short-cut solver" in GHC.Tc.Solver.Interact.shortCutSolver
  which simply didn't handle implicit parameters properly at all.
  This fixes #18627

* The specialiser, which should not specialise on implicit parameters
  This fixes #18649

There are some lingering worries (see Note [Local implicit
parameters]) but things are much better.