Multiple Home Units

Multiple home units allows you to load different packages which may depend on
each other into one GHC session. This will allow both GHCi and HLS to support
multi component projects more naturally.

Public Interface
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

In order to specify multiple units, the -unit @⟨filename⟩ flag
is given multiple times with a response file containing the arguments for each unit.
The response file contains a newline separated list of arguments.

```
ghc -unit @unitLibCore -unit @unitLib
```

where the `unitLibCore` response file contains the normal arguments that cabal would pass to `--make` mode.

```
-this-unit-id lib-core-0.1.0.0
-i
-isrc
LibCore.Utils
LibCore.Types
```

The response file for lib, can specify a dependency on lib-core, so then modules in lib can use modules from lib-core.

```
-this-unit-id lib-0.1.0.0
-package-id lib-core-0.1.0.0
-i
-isrc
Lib.Parse
Lib.Render
```

Then when the compiler starts in --make mode it will compile both units lib and lib-core.

There is also very basic support for multiple home units in GHCi, at the
moment you can start a GHCi session with multiple units but only the
:reload is supported. Most commands in GHCi assume a single home unit,
and so it is additional work to work out how to modify the interface to
support multiple loaded home units.

Options used when working with Multiple Home Units

There are a few extra flags which have been introduced specifically for
working with multiple home units. The flags allow a home unit to pretend
it’s more like an installed package, for example, specifying the package
name, module visibility and reexported modules.

-working-dir ⟨dir⟩

    It is common to assume that a package is compiled in the directory
    where its cabal file resides. Thus, all paths used in the compiler
    are assumed to be relative to this directory. When there are
    multiple home units the compiler is often not operating in the
    standard directory and instead where the cabal.project file is
    located. In this case the -working-dir option can be passed which
    specifies the path from the current directory to the directory the
    unit assumes to be it’s root, normally the directory which contains
    the cabal file.

    When the flag is passed, any relative paths used by the compiler are
    offset by the working directory. Notably this includes -i and
    -I⟨dir⟩ flags.

-this-package-name ⟨name⟩

    This flag papers over the awkward interaction of the PackageImports
    and multiple home units. When using PackageImports you can specify
    the name of the package in an import to disambiguate between modules
    which appear in multiple packages with the same name.

    This flag allows a home unit to be given a package name so that you
    can also disambiguate between multiple home units which provide
    modules with the same name.

-hidden-module ⟨module name⟩

    This flag can be supplied multiple times in order to specify which
    modules in a home unit should not be visible outside of the unit it
    belongs to.

    The main use of this flag is to be able to recreate the difference
    between an exposed and hidden module for installed packages.

-reexported-module ⟨module name⟩

    This flag can be supplied multiple times in order to specify which
    modules are not defined in a unit but should be reexported. The
    effect is that other units will see this module as if it was defined
    in this unit.

    The use of this flag is to be able to replicate the reexported
    modules feature of packages with multiple home units.

Offsetting Paths in Template Haskell splices
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When using Template Haskell to embed files into your program,
traditionally the paths have been interpreted relative to the directory
where the .cabal file resides. This causes problems for multiple home
units as we are compiling many different libraries at once which have
.cabal files in different directories.

For this purpose we have introduced a way to query the value of the
-working-dir flag to the Template Haskell API. By using this function we
can implement a makeRelativeToProject function which offsets a path
which is relative to the original project root by the value of
-working-dir.

```
import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax ( makeRelativeToProject )

foo = $(makeRelativeToProject "./relative/path" >>= embedFile)
```

> If you write a relative path in a Template Haskell splice you should use the makeRelativeToProject function so that your library works correctly with multiple home units.

A similar function already exists in the file-embed library. The
function in template-haskell implements this function in a more robust
manner by honouring the -working-dir flag rather than searching the file
system.

Closure Property for Home Units
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

For tools or libraries using the API there is one very important closure
property which must be adhered to:

> Any dependency which is not a home unit must not (transitively) depend
  on a home unit.

For example, if you have three packages p, q and r, then if p depends on
q which depends on r then it is illegal to load both p and r as home
units but not q, because q is a dependency of the home unit p which
depends on another home unit r.

If you are using GHC by the command line then this property is checked,
but if you are using the API then you need to check this property
yourself. If you get it wrong you will probably get some very confusing
errors about overlapping instances.

Limitations of Multiple Home Units
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

There are a few limitations of the initial implementation which will be smoothed out on user demand.

    * Package thinning/renaming syntax is not supported
    * More complicated reexports/renaming are not yet supported.
    * It’s more common to run into existing linker bugs when loading a
      large number of packages in a session (for example #20674, #20689)
    * Backpack is not yet supported when using multiple home units.
    * Dependency chasing can be quite slow with a large number of
      modules and packages.
    * Loading wired-in packages as home units is currently not supported
      (this only really affects GHC developers attempting to load
      template-haskell).
    * Barely any normal GHCi features are supported, it would be good to
      support enough for ghcid to work correctly.

Despite these limitations, the implementation works already for nearly
all packages. It has been testing on large dependency closures,
including the whole of head.hackage which is a total of 4784 modules
from 452 packages.

Internal Changes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

* The biggest change is that the HomePackageTable is replaced with the
  HomeUnitGraph. The HomeUnitGraph is a map from UnitId to HomeUnitEnv,
  which contains information specific to each home unit.
* The HomeUnitEnv contains:
    - A unit state, each home unit can have different package db flags
    - A set of dynflags, each home unit can have different flags
    - A HomePackageTable
* LinkNode: A new node type is added to the ModuleGraph, this is used to
  place the linking step into the build plan so linking can proceed in
  parralel with other packages being built.
* New invariant: Dependencies of a ModuleGraphNode can be completely
  determined by looking at the value of the node. In order to achieve
  this, downsweep now performs a more complete job of downsweeping and
  then the dependenices are recorded forever in the node rather than
  being computed again from the ModSummary.
* Some transitive module calculations are rewritten to use the
  ModuleGraph which is more efficient.
* There is always an active home unit, which simplifies modifying a lot
  of the existing API code which is unit agnostic (for example, in the
  driver).

The road may be bumpy for a little while after this change but the
basics are well-tested.

One small metric increase, which we accept and also submodule update to
haddock which removes ExtendedModSummary.

Closes #10827

-------------------------
Metric Increase:
    MultiLayerModules
-------------------------

Co-authored-by: Fendor <power.walross@gmail.com>

4 files changed, 8 insertions, 8 deletions

diff --git a/testsuite/tests/rts/T9405.stdout b/testsuite/tests/rts/T9405.stdout
index a62f1c2d1b..5bec5f7b4f 100644
--- a/testsuite/tests/rts/T9405.stdout
+++ b/testsuite/tests/rts/T9405.stdout
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( T9405.hs, T9405.o )
-Linking T9405 ...
+[1 of 2] Compiling Main             ( T9405.hs, T9405.o )
+[2 of 2] Linking T9405
 Ticky-Ticky
diff --git a/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/linker_unload.stdout b/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/linker_unload.stdout
index 84697b99ba..6ae361269f 100644
--- a/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/linker_unload.stdout
+++ b/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/linker_unload.stdout
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-[1 of 1] Compiling LinkerUnload     ( LinkerUnload.hs, LinkerUnload.o )
-Linking linker_unload ...
+[1 of 2] Compiling LinkerUnload     ( LinkerUnload.hs, LinkerUnload.o )
+[2 of 2] Linking linker_unload
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/linker_unload_native.stdout b/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/linker_unload_native.stdout
index 6f6f0acf60..cfe18775cd 100644
--- a/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/linker_unload_native.stdout
+++ b/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/linker_unload_native.stdout
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-[1 of 1] Compiling LinkerUnload     ( LinkerUnload.hs, LinkerUnload.o )
-Linking linker_unload_native ...
+[1 of 2] Compiling LinkerUnload     ( LinkerUnload.hs, LinkerUnload.o )
+[2 of 2] Linking linker_unload_native
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/unload_multiple_objs/linker_unload_multiple_objs.stdout b/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/unload_multiple_objs/linker_unload_multiple_objs.stdout
index 82f7a2f36d..29b878d591 100644
--- a/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/unload_multiple_objs/linker_unload_multiple_objs.stdout
+++ b/testsuite/tests/rts/linker/unload_multiple_objs/linker_unload_multiple_objs.stdout
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-[1 of 1] Compiling LinkerUnload     ( LinkerUnload.hs, LinkerUnload.o )
-Linking linker_unload_multiple_objs ...
+[1 of 2] Compiling LinkerUnload     ( LinkerUnload.hs, LinkerUnload.o )
+[2 of 2] Linking linker_unload_multiple_objs