Use a newtype `Code` for the return type of typed quotations (Proposal #195)

There are three problems with the current API:

1. It is hard to properly write instances for ``Quote m => m (TExp a)`` as the type is the composition
   of two type constructors. Doing so in your program involves making your own newtype and
   doing a lot of wrapping/unwrapping.

   For example, if I want to create a language which I can either run immediately or
   generate code from I could write the following with the new API. ::

      class Lang r where
        _int :: Int -> r Int
        _if  :: r Bool -> r a -> r a -> r a

      instance Lang Identity where
        _int = Identity
        _if (Identity b) (Identity t) (Identity f) = Identity (if b then t else f)

      instance Quote m => Lang (Code m) where
        _int = liftTyped
        _if cb ct cf = [|| if $$cb then $$ct else $$cf ||]

2. When doing code generation it is common to want to store code fragments in
   a map. When doing typed code generation, these code fragments contain a
   type index so it is desirable to store them in one of the parameterised
   map data types such as ``DMap`` from ``dependent-map`` or ``MapF`` from
   ``parameterized-utils``.

   ::

      compiler :: Env -> AST a -> Code Q a

      data AST a where ...
      data Ident a = ...

      type Env = MapF Ident (Code Q)

      newtype Code m a = Code (m (TExp a))

   In this example, the ``MapF`` maps an ``Ident String`` directly to a ``Code Q String``.
   Using one of these map types currently requires creating your own newtype and constantly
   wrapping every quotation and unwrapping it when using a splice. Achievable, but
   it creates even more syntactic noise than normal metaprogramming.

3. ``m (TExp a)`` is ugly to read and write, understanding ``Code m a`` is
   easier. This is a weak reason but one everyone
   can surely agree with.

Updates text submodule.

1 files changed, 2 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/testsuite/tests/th/T8577.stderr b/testsuite/tests/th/T8577.stderr
index 595338e07e..9c83d3c657 100644
--- a/testsuite/tests/th/T8577.stderr
+++ b/testsuite/tests/th/T8577.stderr
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 
 T8577.hs:9:11: error:
     • Couldn't match type ‘Int’ with ‘Bool’
-      Expected: Q (TExp (A Bool))
-        Actual: Q (TExp (A Int))
+      Expected: Code Q (A Bool)
+        Actual: Code Q (A Int)
     • In the expression: y
       In the Template Haskell splice $$(y)
       In the expression: $$(y)