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Implements GHC Proposal #54: .../ghc-proposals/blob/master/proposals/0054-kind-signatures.rst
With this patch, a type constructor can now be given an explicit
standalone kind signature:
{-# LANGUAGE StandaloneKindSignatures #-}
type Functor :: (Type -> Type) -> Constraint
class Functor f where
fmap :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
This is a replacement for CUSKs (complete user-specified
kind signatures), which are now scheduled for deprecation.
User-facing changes
-------------------
* A new extension flag has been added, -XStandaloneKindSignatures, which
implies -XNoCUSKs.
* There is a new syntactic construct, a standalone kind signature:
type <name> :: <kind>
Declarations of data types, classes, data families, type families, and
type synonyms may be accompanied by a standalone kind signature.
* A standalone kind signature enables polymorphic recursion in types,
just like a function type signature enables polymorphic recursion in
terms. This obviates the need for CUSKs.
* TemplateHaskell AST has been extended with 'KiSigD' to represent
standalone kind signatures.
* GHCi :info command now prints the kind signature of type constructors:
ghci> :info Functor
type Functor :: (Type -> Type) -> Constraint
...
Limitations
-----------
* 'forall'-bound type variables of a standalone kind signature do not
scope over the declaration body, even if the -XScopedTypeVariables is
enabled. See #16635 and #16734.
* Wildcards are not allowed in standalone kind signatures, as partial
signatures do not allow for polymorphic recursion.
* Associated types may not be given an explicit standalone kind
signature. Instead, they are assumed to have a CUSK if the parent class
has a standalone kind signature and regardless of the -XCUSKs flag.
* Standalone kind signatures do not support multiple names at the moment:
type T1, T2 :: Type -> Type -- rejected
type T1 = Maybe
type T2 = Either String
See #16754.
* Creative use of equality constraints in standalone kind signatures may
lead to GHC panics:
type C :: forall (a :: Type) -> a ~ Int => Constraint
class C a where
f :: C a => a -> Int
See #16758.
Implementation notes
--------------------
* The heart of this patch is the 'kcDeclHeader' function, which is used to
kind-check a declaration header against its standalone kind signature.
It does so in two rounds:
1. check user-written binders
2. instantiate invisible binders a la 'checkExpectedKind'
* 'kcTyClGroup' now partitions declarations into declarations with a
standalone kind signature or a CUSK (kinded_decls) and declarations
without either (kindless_decls):
* 'kinded_decls' are kind-checked with 'checkInitialKinds'
* 'kindless_decls' are kind-checked with 'getInitialKinds'
* DerivInfo has been extended with a new field:
di_scoped_tvs :: ![(Name,TyVar)]
These variables must be added to the context in case the deriving clause
references tcTyConScopedTyVars. See #16731.
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