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|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<sect1 id="release-7-8-1">
<title>Release notes for version 7.8.1</title>
<para>
The significant changes to the various parts of the compiler are listed
in the following sections. There have also been numerous bug fixes and
performance improvements over the 7.6 branch.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Highlights</title>
<para>
The highlights, since the 7.6 branch, are:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
By default, GHC has a new warning enabled,
<literal>-fwarn-type-holes</literal>, which causes the
compiler to respond with the types of unbound
variables it encounters in the source code. (It is
reminiscient of the "holes" feature in languages such
as Agda.)
For more information, see <xref linkend="type-holes"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC can now perform simple evaluation of type-level
natural numbers, when using the
<literal>DataKinds</literal> extension. For example,
given a type-level constraint such as <literal>(x + 3)
~ 5</literal>, GHC is able to infer that
<literal>x</literal> is 2. Similarly, GHC can now
understand type-level identities such as <literal>x +
0 ~ x</literal>.
</para>
<para>
Note that the solving of these equations is only used
to resolve unification variables - it does not
generate new facts in the type checker. This is
similar to how functional dependencies work.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
It is now possible to declare a 'closed' <literal>type
family</literal> when using the
<literal>TypeFamilies</literal> extension. A closed
<literal>type family</literal> cannot have any
instances created other than the ones in its
definition.
TODO FIXME: reference.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Use of the <literal>GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving</literal>
extension is now subject to <emphasis>role checking</emphasis>,
to ensure type safety of the derived instances. As this change
increases the type safety of GHC, it is possible that some code
that previously compiled will no longer work.
TODO FIXME: reference.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC now supports overloading list literals using the new
<literal>OverloadedLists</literal> extension.
TODO FIXME: reference.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There has been significant overhaul of the type inference engine and
constraint solver.
TODO FIXME: reference.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
By default, GHC will now unbox all "small" strict
fields in a data type. A "small" data type is one
whose size is equivalent to or smaller than the native
word size of the machine. This means you no longer
have to specify <literal>UNPACK</literal> pragmas for
e.g. strict <literal>Int</literal> fields. This also
applies to floating-point values.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC now has a brand-new I/O manager that scales significantly
better for larger workloads compared to the previous one. It
should scale linearly up to approximately 32 cores.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The LLVM backend now supports 128- and 256-bit SIMD
operations.
TODO FIXME: reference.
</para>
<para>
This is only available with the LLVM backend.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The new code generator, after significant work by many
individuals over the past several years, is now enabled by
default. This is a complete rewrite of the STG to Cmm
transformation. In general, your programs may get slightly
faster.
</para>
<para>
The old code generator has been removed completely.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC now has substantially better support for cross
compilation. In particular, GHC now has all the
necessary patches to support cross compilation to
Apple iOS, using the LLVM backend.
TODO FIXME: reference.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
PrimOps for comparing unboxed values now return
<literal>Int#</literal> instead of <literal>Bool</literal>.
This change is backwards incompatible. See
<ulink url="http://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/NewPrimopsInGHC7.8">
this GHC wiki page</ulink> for instructions how to update your
existing code. See <ulink url="http://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/PrimBool">
here</ulink> for motivation and discussion of implementation details.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
New PrimOps for atomic memory operations.
The <literal>casMutVar#</literal> PrimOp was introduced in
GHC 7.2 (debugged in 7.4). This release also includes additional
PrimOps for compare-and-swap (<literal>casArray#</literal> and
<literal>casIntArray#</literal>) and one for fetch-and-add
(<literal>fetchAddIntArray#</literal>).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
TODO: mention dynamic changes
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>Typeable</literal> is now poly-kinded, making
<literal>Typeable1</literal>, <literal>Typeable2</literal>,
etc., obsolete, deprecated, and relegated to
<literal>Data.OldTypeable</literal>. Furthermore, user-written
instances of <literal>Typeable</literal> are now disallowed:
use <literal>deriving</literal> or the new extension
<literal>-XAutoDeriveTypeable</literal>, which will create
<literal>Typeable</literal> instances for every datatype
declared in the module.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC now has a parallel compilation driver. When
compiling with <literal>--make</literal> (which is on
by default,) you may also specify
<literal>-jN</literal> in order to compile
<replaceable>N</replaceable> modules in
parallel. (Note: this will automatically scale on
multicore machines without specifying <literal>+RTS
-N</literal> to the compiler.)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC now has support for a new pragma,
<literal>{-# MINIMAL #-}</literal>, allowing you to
explicitly declare the minimal complete definition of
a class. Should an instance not provide the minimal
required definitions, a warning will be emitted.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC now generates warnings when definitions conflict with the
Applicative-Monad Proposal (AMP).
TODO FIXME: reference.
</para>
<para>
A warning is emitted if a type is an instance of
<literal>Monad</literal> but not of
<literal>Applicative</literal>,
<literal>MonadPlus</literal> but not
<literal>Alternative</literal>, and when a local
function named <literal>join</literal>,
<literal><*></literal> or <literal>pure</literal> is
defined.
</para>
<para>
The warnings are enabled by default, and can be controlled
using the new flag <literal>-f[no-]warn-amp</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC's internal compiler pipeline is now exposed
through a <literal>Hooks</literal> module inside the
GHC API. These hooks allow you to control most of the
internal compiler phase machinery, including compiling
expressions, phase control, and linking.
</para>
<para>
Note: this interface will likely see continuous
refinement and API changes in future releases, so it
should be considered a preview.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Full details</title>
<sect3>
<title>Language</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
There is a new extension,
<literal>NullaryTypeClasses</literal>, which
allows you to declare a type class without any
parameters.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
There is a new extension,
<literal>NumDecimals</literal>, which allows you
to specify an integer using compact "floating
literal" syntax. This lets you say things like
<literal>1.2e6 :: Integer</literal> instead of
<literal>1200000</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
There is a new extension,
<literal>NegativeLiterals</literal>, which will
cause GHC to interpret the expression
<literal>-123</literal> as <literal>fromIntegral
(-123)</literal>. Haskell 98 and Haskell 2010 both
specify that it should instead desugar to
<literal>negate (fromIntegral 123)</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
There is a new extension,
<literal>EmptyCase</literal>, which allows
to write a case expression with no alternatives
<literal>case ... of {}</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The <literal>IncoherentInstances</literal>
extension has seen a behavioral change, and is
now 'liberated' and less conservative during
instance resolution. This allows more programs to
compile than before.
</para>
<para>
Now, <literal>IncoherentInstances</literal> will
always pick an arbitrary matching instance, if
multiple ones exist.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
A new built-in function <literal>coerce</literal> is
provided that allows to safely coerce values between types
that have the same run-time-presentation, such as
newtypes, but also newtypes inside containers. See the
haddock documentation of
<ulink url="&libraryBaseLocation;/GHC-Exts.html#v%3Acoerce">coerce</ulink>
and of the class
<ulink url="&libraryBaseLocation;/GHC-Exts.html#t%3ACoercible">Coercible</ulink>
for more details.
</para>
<para>
This feature is included in this release as a technology
preview, and may change its syntax and/or semantics in the
next release.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The new pragma, <literal>{-# MINIMAL #-}</literal>,
allows to explicitly declare the minimal complete
definition of a class. Should an instance not provide
the minimal required definitions, a warning will be
emitted.
</para>
<para>
See <xref linkend="minimal-pragma"/> for more details.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Compiler</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC can now build both static and dynamic object
files at the same time in a single compilation
pass, when given the
<literal>-dynamic-too</literal> flag. This will
produce both a statically-linkable
<literal>.o</literal> object file, and a
dynamically-linkable <literal>.dyn_o</literal>
file. The output suffix of the dynamic objects can
be controlled by the flag
<literal>-dynosuf</literal>.
</para>
<para>
Note that GHC still builds statically by default.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC now supports a <literal>--show-options</literal> flag,
which will dump all of the flags it supports to standard out.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC now supports warning about overflow of integer
literals, enabled by
<literal>-fwarn-overflowed-literals</literal>. It
is enabled by default
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
It's now possible to switch the system linker on Linux
(between GNU gold and GNU ld) at runtime without problem.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <literal>-fwarn-dodgy-imports</literal> flag now warns
in the case an <literal>import</literal> statement hides an
entity which is not exported.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The LLVM backend was overhauled and rewritten, and
should hopefully be easier to maintain and work on
in the future.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC now detects annotation changes during
recompilation, and correctly persists new
annotations.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There is a new set of primops for utilizing
hardware-based prefetch instructions, to help
guide the processor's caching decisions.
</para>
<para>
Currently, these are only supported with the LLVM
backend and x86/amd64 backends.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>GHCi</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
GHCi now supports a <literal>prompt2</literal>
setting, which allows you to customize the
continuation prompt of multi-line input.
TODO FIXME: reference.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The new <literal>:shows paths</literal> command
shows the current working directory and the
current search path for Haskell modules.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
On Linux, the static GHCi linker now supports weak symbols.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The (static) GHCi linker now runs constructors for
linked libraries. This means for example that C
code using
<literal>__attribute__((constructor))</literal>
can now properly be loaded into GHCi.
</para>
<para>
Note: destructors are not supported.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Template Haskell</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Template Haskell now supports Roles (TODO FIXME: elaborate?)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Template Haskell now supports annotation pragmas.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Typed Template Haskell expressions are now supported. See
<xref linkend="template-haskell"/> for more details.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Template Haskell declarations, types, patterns, and
<emphasis>untyped</emphasis> expressions are no longer
typechecked at all. This is a backwards-compatible change
since it allows strictly more programs to be typed.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Runtime system</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The RTS linker can now unload object code at
runtime (when using the GHC API
<literal>ObjLink</literal> module.) Previously,
GHC would not unload the old object file, causing
a gradual memory leak as more objects were loaded
over time.
</para>
<para>
Note that this change in unloading behavior
<emphasis>only</emphasis> affects statically
linked binaries, and not dynamic ones.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The performance of <literal>StablePtr</literal>s and
<literal>StableName</literal>s has been improved.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The default maximum stack size has
increased. Previously, it defaulted to 8m
(equivalent to passing <literal>+RTS
-K8m</literal>. Now, GHC will use up-to 80% of the
<emphasis>physical memory</emphasis> available at
runtime.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Build system</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC >= 7.4 is now required for bootstrapping.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GHC can now be built with Clang, and use Clang as the
preprocessor for Haskell code. Only Clang version 3.4svn is
reliably supported.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Libraries</title>
<para>
There have been some changes that have effected multiple
libraries:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
TODO FIXME
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The following libraries have been removed from the GHC tree:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>TODO FIXME</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The following libraries have been added to the GHC tree:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>TODO FIXME</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect3>
<title>array</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number XXXX (was XXXX)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>base</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 4.7.0.0 (was 4.6.0.1)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <literal>Control.Category</literal> module now has the
<literal>PolyKinds</literal> extension enabled, meaning
that instances of <literal>Category</literal> no longer
need be of kind <literal>* -> * -> *</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There are now <literal>Foldable</literal> and <literal>Traversable</literal>
instances for <literal>Either a</literal>, <literal>Const r</literal>, and <literal>(,) a</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There is now a <literal>Monoid</literal> instance for <literal>Const</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There is now a <literal>Data</literal> instance for <literal>Data.Version</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There are now <literal>Eq</literal>, <literal>Ord</literal>, <literal>Show</literal> and <literal>Read</literal> instances for <literal>ZipList</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There are now <literal>Eq</literal>, <literal>Ord</literal>, <literal>Show</literal> and <literal>Read</literal> instances for <literal>Down</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There are now <literal>Eq</literal>, <literal>Ord</literal>, <literal>Show</literal>, <literal>Read</literal> and <literal>Generic</literal> instances for types in GHC.Generics (<literal>U1</literal>, <literal>Par1</literal>, <literal>Rec1</literal>, <literal>K1</literal>, <literal>M1</literal>, <literal>(:+:)</literal>, <literal>(:*:)</literal>, <literal>(:.:)</literal>).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
A zero-width unboxed poly-kinded <literal>Proxy#</literal>
was added to <literal>GHC.Prim</literal>. It can be used to make it so
that there is no the operational overhead for passing around proxy
arguments to model type application.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>Control.Concurrent.MVar</literal> has a new
implementation of <literal>readMVar</literal>, which
fixes a long-standing bug where
<literal>readMVar</literal> is only atomic if there
are no other threads running
<literal>putMVar</literal>.
<literal>readMVar</literal> now is atomic, and is
guaranteed to return the value from the first
<literal>putMVar</literal>. There is also a new <literal>tryReadMVar</literal>
which is a non-blocking version.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There are now byte endian-swapping primitives
available in <literal>Data.Word</literal>, which
use optimized machine instructions when available.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>Data.Bool</literal> now exports
<literal>bool :: a -> a -> Bool -> a</literal>, analogously
to <literal>maybe</literal> and <literal>either</literal>
in their respective modules.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Rewrote portions of <literal>Text.Printf</literal>, and
made changes to <literal>Numeric</literal> (added
<literal>Numeric.showFFloatAlt</literal> and
<literal>Numeric.showGFloatAlt</literal>) and
<literal>GHC.Float</literal> (added
<literal>formatRealFloatAlt</literal>) to support it.
The rewritten version is extensible to user types, adds a
"generic" format specifier "<literal>%v</literal>",
extends the <literal>printf</literal> spec
to support much of C's <literal>printf(3)</literal>
functionality, and fixes the spurious warnings about
using <literal>Text.Printf.printf</literal> at
<literal>(IO a)</literal> while ignoring the return value.
These changes were contributed by Bart Massey.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The minimal complete definitions for all
type-classes with cyclic default implementations
have been explicitly annotated with the new
<literal>{-# MINIMAL #-}</literal> pragma.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>Control.Applicative.WrappedMonad</literal>,
which can be used to convert a <literal>Monad</literal>
to an <literal>Applicative</literal>, has now
a <literal>Monad m => Monad (WrappedMonad m)</literal>
instance.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>bin-package-db</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
This is an internal package, and should not be used.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>binary</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 0.7.1.0 (was 0.5.1.1)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>bytestring</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 0.10.3.0 (was 0.10.0.0)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Cabal</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 1.18.1.2 (was 1.16.0)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>containers</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 0.5.3.1 (was 0.5.0.0)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>deepseq</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 1.3.0.2 (was 1.3.0.1)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>directory</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 1.2.0.2 (was 1.2.0.1)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The function <literal>findExecutables</literal>
now correctly checks to see if the execute bit is
set on Linux, rather than just looking in
<literal>$PATH</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There are several new functions for finding files,
including <literal>findFiles</literal> and
<literal>findFilesWith</literal>, which allow you
to search for a file given a set of filepaths, and
run a predicate over them.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>filepath</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 1.3.0.2 (was 1.3.0.1)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ghc-prim</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 0.3.1.0 (was 0.3.0.0)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The type-classes <literal>Eq</literal> and
<literal>Ord</literal> have been annotated with
the new <literal>{-# MINIMAL #-}</literal>
pragma.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There is a new type exposed by
<literal>GHC.Types</literal>, called
<literal>SPEC</literal>, which can be used to
inform GHC to perform call-pattern specialisation
extremely aggressively. See <xref
linkend="options-optimise"/> for more details
concerning <literal>-fspec-constr</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>haskell98</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 2.0.0.3 (was 2.0.0.2)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>haskell2010</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 1.1.1.1 (was 1.1.1.0)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>hoopl</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 3.10.0.0 (was 3.9.0.0)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>hpc</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 0.6.0.1 (was 0.6.0.0)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>integer-gmp</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 0.5.1.0 (was 0.5.0.0)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>old-locale</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 1.0.0.6 (was 1.0.0.5)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>old-time</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 1.1.0.2 (was 1.1.0.1)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>process</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 1.2.0.0 (was 1.1.0.2)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Several bugs have been fixed, including deadlocks
in <literal>readProcess</literal> and
<literal>readProcessWithExitCode</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>template-haskell</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 2.9.0.0 (was 2.8.0.0)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There is now support for annotation pragmas.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>time</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 1.4.1 (was 1.4.1)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>unix</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 2.7.0.0 (was 2.6.0.0)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
A crash in <literal>getGroupEntryForID</literal>
(and related functions like
<literal>getUserEntryForID</literal> and
<literal>getUserEntryForName</literal>) in
multi-threaded applications has been fixed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The functions <literal>getGroupEntryForID</literal>
and <literal>getUserEntryForID</literal> now fail
with a <literal>isDoesNotExist</literal> error when
the specified ID cannot be found.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Win32</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Version number 2.3.0.0 (was 2.3.0.0)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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